What young women believe about their own sexual pleasure | Peggy Orenstein

1,608,970 views ・ 2017-04-05

TED


Za predvajanje videoposnetka dvakrat kliknite na spodnje angleške podnapise.

Translator: Polona Ramšak Reviewer: Nika Kotnik
00:12
For several years now,
0
12780
1416
Že nekaj let
00:14
we've been engaged in a national debate about sexual assault on campus.
1
14220
4120
na nacionalni ravni govorimo o spolnem nasilju v univerzitetnih naseljih.
00:18
No question --
2
18980
1216
Nedvomno
00:20
it's crucial that young people understand the ground rules for consent,
3
20220
4200
je nujno potrebno, da mladi razumejo osnovno pravilo privolitve.
00:25
but that's where the conversation about sex is ending.
4
25180
3000
A tu se pogovor o spolnosti konča.
00:28
And in that vacuum of information
5
28860
2056
In v tem vakuumu informacij
00:30
the media and the Internet --
6
30940
1976
mediji in internet,
00:32
that new digital street corner --
7
32940
1736
ta novi digitalni cestni vogal,
00:34
are educating our kids for us.
8
34700
2280
namesto nas učijo naše otroke.
00:38
If we truly want young people to engage safely, ethically,
9
38020
5136
Če resnično želimo, da se mladi družijo varno, etično
00:43
and yes, enjoyably,
10
43180
2696
in, da, prijetno,
00:45
it's time to have open honest discussion about what happens after "yes,"
11
45900
5760
je čas za odprto diskusijo o tem, kaj se zgodi po besedi 'da'.
00:52
and that includes breaking the biggest taboo of all
12
52500
3176
To vključuje prekršitev največjega tabuja
00:55
and talking to young people
13
55700
1736
in pogovor z mladimi
00:57
about women's capacity for and entitlement to sexual pleasure.
14
57460
4400
o zmožnosti in pravici žensk do spolnega ugodja.
01:03
Yeah.
15
63260
1216
Ja.
01:04
(Applause)
16
64500
1016
(aplavz)
01:05
Come on, ladies.
17
65540
1216
Dajte, no, dame.
01:06
(Applause)
18
66780
1896
(aplavz)
01:08
I spent three years talking to girls ages 15 to 20
19
68700
3816
Tri leta sem se pogovarjala z dekleti, starimi od 15 do 20 let,
01:12
about their attitudes and experience of sex.
20
72540
2936
o njihovem odnosu in izkušnjah s spolnostjo.
01:15
And what I found was
21
75500
1416
In odkrila sem,
01:16
that while young women may feel entitled to engage in sexual behavior,
22
76940
4296
da mlade ženske morda čutijo, da se imajo pravico zaplesti v spolnost,
01:21
they don't necessarily feel entitled to enjoy it.
23
81260
3080
ne čutijo pa nujno, da so upravičene do užitka.
01:25
Take this sophomore at the Ivy League college
24
85060
2136
Študentka drugega letnika na prestižni univerzi
01:27
who told me,
25
87220
1216
mi je povedala:
01:28
"I come from a long line of smart, strong women.
26
88460
3256
"Prihajam iz družine pametnih, močnih žensk.
01:31
My grandmother was a firecracker,
27
91740
2216
Moja stara mama je bila drzna in svojeglava,
01:33
my mom is a professional,
28
93980
1856
moja mama je intelektualka,
01:35
my sister and I are loud, and that's our form of feminine power."
29
95860
3360
moja sestra in jaz sva glasni in to je najina oblika ženske moči."
01:40
She then proceeded to describe her sex life to me:
30
100180
2696
Nato je nadaljevala in mi opisala svoje spolno življenje,
01:42
a series of one-off hookups,
31
102900
2056
serijo avantur za eno noč,
01:44
starting when she was 13,
32
104980
1736
ki so se začele, ko je imela 13 let,
01:46
that were ...
33
106740
1456
in ki niso bile
01:48
not especially responsible,
34
108220
2096
posebej odgovorne
01:50
not especially reciprocal
35
110340
2136
niti posebej vzajemne
01:52
and not especially enjoyable.
36
112500
1480
niti niso dale veliko užitka.
01:54
She shrugged.
37
114900
1616
Skomignila je z rameni.
01:56
"I guess we girls are just socialized to be these docile creatures
38
116540
3616
"Dekleta smo verjetno vzgojena tako, da postanemo ta krotka bitja,
02:00
who don't express our wants or needs."
39
120180
2240
ki ne izražajo svojih želja ali potreb."
02:03
"Wait a minute," I replied.
40
123380
1576
"Samo trenutek," sem rekla.
02:04
"Didn't you just tell me what a smart, strong woman you are?"
41
124980
3080
"Ali mi nisi pravkar povedala, da si pametna, močna ženska?"
02:08
She hemmed and hawed.
42
128820
1400
Hmknila je.
02:10
"I guess," she finally said,
43
130860
1856
"Verjetno," je nazadnje rekla,
02:12
"no one told me that that smart, strong image applies to sex."
44
132740
3520
"mi nihče ni povedal, da se pamet in moč nanaša tudi na spolnost."
02:17
I should probably say right up top that despite the hype,
45
137740
2975
Verjetno bi morala reči, da se kljub lažni reklami
02:20
teenagers are not engaging in intercourse more often or at a younger age
46
140739
4897
najstniki ne spuščajo v spolnost pogosteje ali prej
02:25
than they were 25 years ago.
47
145660
2216
kot pred 25 leti.
02:27
They are, however, engaging in other behavior.
48
147900
3656
Spuščajo pa se v druge vrste vedenje.
02:31
And when we ignore that,
49
151580
1576
In ko to ignoriramo,
02:33
when we label that as "not sex,"
50
153180
2480
ko to označimo kot 'ne seks',
02:36
that opens the door to risky behavior and disrespect.
51
156420
3440
to odpre vrata tveganemu vedenju in nespoštovanju.
02:40
That's particularly true of oral sex,
52
160860
2536
To še posebej velja za oralni seks,
02:43
which teenagers consider to be less intimate than intercourse.
53
163420
3896
ki se najstnikom zdi manj intimen kot spolni odnos.
02:47
Girls would tell me, "it's no big deal,"
54
167340
2896
Dekleta mi pravijo: "To ni nič posebnega,"
02:50
like they'd all read the same instruction manual --
55
170260
3056
kot da so vse prebrale ista navodila,
02:53
at least if boys were on the receiving end.
56
173340
3000
vsaj če so fantje tisti, ki oralni seks sprejemajo.
02:57
Young women have lots of reasons for participating.
57
177420
2856
Mlade ženske imajo veliko razlogov za sodelovanje.
03:00
It made them feel desired;
58
180300
1696
Počutile so se zaželjene,
03:02
it was a way to boost social status.
59
182020
2576
na ta način so si izboljšale položaj v družbi.
03:04
Sometimes, it was a way to get out of an uncomfortable situation.
60
184620
3080
Včasih je bil to način, kako se izogniti neprijetni situaciji.
03:08
As a freshman at a West Coast college said to me,
61
188380
3056
Brucka na univerzi na Zahodni obali mi je rekla:
03:11
"A girl will give a guy a blow job at the end of the night
62
191460
2736
"Dekle fanta oralno zadovolji na koncu večera,
03:14
because she doesn't want to have sex with him,
63
194220
2176
ker z njim noče imeti spolnega odnosa,
03:16
and he expects to be satisfied.
64
196420
2096
on pa pričakuje, da bo zadovoljen.
03:18
So, if I want him to leave
65
198540
1856
Če torej hočem, da gre,
03:20
and I don't want anything to happen ... "
66
200420
1953
in nočem, da se med nama kaj zgodi ..."
03:24
I heard so many stories of girls performing one-sided oral sex
67
204540
4136
Slišala sem toliko zgodb deklet, ki so izvajale enostranski oralni seks,
03:28
that I started asking,
68
208700
2016
da sem se začela spraševati:
03:30
"What if every time you were alone with a guy,
69
210740
2256
"Kaj če bi ti vedno, ko si sama z moškim,
03:33
he told you to get him a glass of water from the kitchen,
70
213020
2976
ta rekel, da mu iz kuhinje prinesi kozarec vode,
03:36
and he never got you a glass of water --
71
216020
3336
on ti pa nikoli ne bi prinesel kozarca vode,
03:39
or if he did, it was like ...
72
219380
1480
če pa bi, bi bilo ..
03:43
'you want me to uh ...?'"
73
223700
1200
"Kaj hočeš?"
03:45
You know, totally begrudging.
74
225740
1400
Veste, z obžalovanjem.
03:47
You wouldn't stand for it.
75
227820
1960
Tega ne bi prenašale.
03:50
But it wasn't always that boys didn't want to.
76
230780
2616
A ni vedno tako, da fantje nočejo.
03:53
It was that girls didn't want them to.
77
233420
2656
Dekleta jim niso dovolila.
03:56
Girls expressed a sense of shame around their genitals.
78
236100
3176
Dekleta so izrazila občutek sramu v zvezi s svojimi genitalijami.
03:59
A sense that they were simultaneously icky and sacred.
79
239300
3760
Občutek, da so istočasno ogabne in svete.
04:04
Women's feelings about their genitals
80
244140
1816
Ženska čustva o svojih genitalijah
04:05
have been directly linked to their enjoyment of sex.
81
245980
3120
so direktno povezana z njihovim užitkom pri seksu.
04:09
Yet, Debby Herbenick, a researcher at Indiana University,
82
249980
3536
A Debby Herbenick, raziskovalka na Indiana University
04:13
believes that girls' genital self-image is under siege,
83
253540
4576
verjame, da je dekliško dojemanje genitalij na udaru.
04:18
with more pressure than ever
84
258140
1656
Pod vse večjim pritiskom so,
04:19
to see them as unacceptable in their natural state.
85
259820
3520
da jih dojemajo kot nesprejemljive v svojem naravnem stanju.
04:24
According to research,
86
264380
1216
Raziskave kažejo,
04:25
about three-quarters of college women remove their pubic hair -- all of it --
87
265620
4416
da si približno tri četrtine žensk na univerzi odstranjuje vse sramne dlake,
04:30
at least on occasion,
88
270060
1656
vsaj občasno,
04:31
and more than half do so regularly.
89
271740
2280
več kot polovica pa redno.
04:35
Girls would tell me that hair removal made them feel cleaner,
90
275020
4136
Dekleta mi povedo, da se brez dlak počutijo čistejše,
04:39
that it was a personal choice.
91
279180
1840
da gre za osebno določitev.
04:42
Though, I kind of wondered if left alone on a desert island,
92
282660
4216
Pa vendar sem razmišljala, če bi bile same na zapuščenem otoku,
04:46
if this was how they would choose to spend their time.
93
286900
3016
bi tako preživljale svoj čas?
04:49
(Laughter)
94
289940
1536
(smeh)
04:51
And when I pushed further,
95
291500
1416
In ko sem vrtala dalje,
04:52
a darker motivation emerged:
96
292940
2136
se je pojavila temnejša motivacija:
04:55
avoiding humiliation.
97
295100
1720
izogib ponižanju.
04:57
"Guys act like they would be disgusted by it,"
98
297700
2896
"Fantje se obnašajo, kot da bi se jim dlake gnusile,"
05:00
one young woman told me.
99
300620
1440
mi je povedala mlada ženska.
05:02
"No one wants to be talked about like that."
100
302700
2080
"Nihče noče, da se o njem tako govori."
05:06
The rising pubic hair removal reminded me of the 1920s,
101
306060
3416
Vse pogostejše odstranjevanje dlak me spominja na 20. leta 20. stoletja,
05:09
when women first started regularly shaving their armpits and their legs.
102
309500
4496
ko so si ženske začele redno briti pazduhe in noge.
05:14
That's when flapper dresses came into style,
103
314020
2536
Takrat so prišle v modo kratke obleke z resicami
05:16
and women's limbs were suddenly visible,
104
316580
2576
in ženske okončine so nenadoma postale vidne,
05:19
open to public scrutiny.
105
319180
1440
na voljo javnemu kritiziranju.
05:21
There's a way that I think that this too is a sign.
106
321460
2976
Mislim, da je tudi to znamenje,
05:24
That a girl's most intimate part is open to public scrutiny,
107
324460
3960
da so najbolj intimni deli dekliškega telesa na voljo javnemu pregledu,
05:29
open to critique,
108
329260
1696
na voljo kritiki,
05:30
to becoming more about how it looks to someone else
109
330980
3496
da je nenadoma pomembneje, kako se zdi nekomu drugemu
05:34
than how it feels to her.
110
334500
2080
kot kako se ona počuti.
05:37
The shaving trend has sparked another rise in labiaplasty.
111
337820
3720
Trend britja je sprožil porast labioplastike.
05:42
Labiaplasty, which is the trimming of the inner and outer labia,
112
342260
4120
Labioplastika pomeni obrezovanje notranjih in zunanjih sramnih usten
05:46
is the fastest-growing cosmetic surgery among teenage girls.
113
346980
4360
in je najhitreje naraščajoča kozmetična operacija med najstnicami.
05:52
It rose 80 percent between 2014 and 2015,
114
352980
4696
Med l. 2014 in 2015 je za 80% pogostejša
05:57
and whereas girls under 18 comprise two percent of all cosmetic surgeries,
115
357700
4016
in če dekleta, mlajša od 18 let, predstavljajo 2% vseh kozmetičnih posegov,
06:01
they are five percent of labiaplasty.
116
361740
3000
je od teh 5% labioplastik.
06:05
The most sought-after look, incidentally,
117
365740
1976
Najbolj zaželjeni izgled,
06:07
in which the outer labia appear fused like a clam shell,
118
367740
3736
pri katerem zunanje ustne izgledajo združene kot školjka,
06:11
is called ...
119
371500
1456
se imenuje ...
06:12
wait for it ...
120
372980
1200
počakajte ...
06:15
"The Barbie."
121
375060
1576
Barbika.
06:16
(Groan)
122
376660
1296
(stok)
06:17
I trust I don't have to tell you
123
377980
2016
Mislim, da mi ni treba povedati,
06:20
that Barbie is a) made of plastic
124
380020
2896
da je Barbika narejena iz plastike
06:22
and b) has no genitalia.
125
382940
3176
in da nima genitalij.
06:26
(Laughter)
126
386140
1896
(smeh)
06:28
The labiaplasty trend has become so worrisome
127
388060
2776
Trend labiplastike je postal tako zaskrbljujoč,
06:30
that the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
128
390860
3656
da je Ameriški kolegij porodničarjev in ginekologov
06:34
has issued a statement on the procedure,
129
394540
2256
izdal mnenje o tem postopku,
06:36
which is rarely medically indicated,
130
396820
2496
ki je redko nujno potreben,
06:39
has not been proven safe
131
399340
2136
ni dokazano varen
06:41
and whose side effects include scarring, numbness, pain
132
401500
5856
in ima stranske učinke, kot so brazgotinjenje, otrplost, bolečina
06:47
and diminished sexual sensation.
133
407380
1960
in zmanjšan seksualni občutek,
06:50
Now, admittedly,
134
410380
1416
Res je,
06:51
and blessedly,
135
411820
1576
na srečo,
06:53
the number of girls involved is still quite small,
136
413420
2760
da je število vključenih deklet še vedno precej majhno,
06:57
but you could see them as canaries in a coal mine,
137
417020
3056
a govorijo nam
07:00
telling us something important about the way girls see their bodies.
138
420100
4000
nekaj zelo pomebnega o tem, kako dekleta vidijo svoje telo.
07:05
Sara McClelland,
139
425580
1696
Sara McClelland,
07:07
a psychologist at the University of Michigan,
140
427300
2456
psihologinja na University of Michigan,
07:09
coined what is my favorite phrase ever in talking about all of this:
141
429780
4520
je skovala meni najljubši izraz, ko govori o tem:
07:15
"Intimate justice."
142
435140
1880
intimna pravica.
07:18
That's the idea that sex has political, as well as personal implications,
143
438500
4096
Ideja je, da ima seks politične, pa tudi osebne posledice,
07:22
just like, who does the dishes in your house,
144
442620
2656
prav tako kot, kdo pri vas doma pomiva posodo
07:25
or who vacuums the rug.
145
445300
1600
in kdo sesa preprogo.
07:27
And it raises similar issues about inequality,
146
447500
3816
Vzbuja podobna vprašanja o neenakosti,
07:31
about economic disparity,
147
451340
1976
o ekonomskem neskladju,
07:33
violence,
148
453340
1216
nasilju,
07:34
physical and mental health.
149
454580
1440
fizičnem in mentalnem zdravju.
07:36
Intimate justice asks us to consider
150
456940
3456
Intimna pravica nas prosi, da pomislimo,
07:40
who is entitled to engage in an experience.
151
460420
3336
kdo se ima pravico vključiti v izkušnjo.
07:43
Who is entitled to enjoy it?
152
463780
2496
Kdo ima pravico uživati v njej?
07:46
Who is the primary beneficiary?
153
466300
2200
kdo je osnovni prejemnik?
07:49
And how does each partner define "good enough"?
154
469060
3280
In kako vsak izmed partnerjev definira izraz 'dovolj dobro'.
07:53
Honestly, I think those questions are tricky and sometimes traumatic
155
473340
4896
Pošteno povedano mislim, da so ta vprašanja varljiva in včasih travmatična
07:58
for adult women to confront,
156
478260
1480
že za odrasle ženske,
08:00
but when we're talking about girls,
157
480820
2296
ko pa govorimo o dekletih,
08:03
I just kept coming back to the idea that their early sexual experience
158
483140
5296
mi kar naprej po glavi hodi ideja, da njihove zgodnje spolne izkušnje
08:08
shouldn't have to be something that they get over.
159
488460
2760
ne bi smele biti nekaj, kar je treba prestati.
08:13
In her work,
160
493380
1216
Pri svojem delu
08:14
McClelland found that young women were more likely than young men
161
494620
3816
je McClellandova ugotovila, da mlade ženske pogosteje kot mladi moški
08:18
to use their partner's pleasure as a measure of their satisfaction.
162
498460
3880
uporabljajo partnerjev užitek kot merilo svojega zadovoljstva.
08:22
So they'd say things like,
163
502940
1336
Takole govorijo:
08:24
"If he's sexually satisfied,
164
504300
1816
"Če je on spolno potešen,
08:26
then I'm sexually satisfied."
165
506140
1560
potem sem tudi jaz spolno potešena."
08:28
Young men were more likely to measure their satisfaction by their own orgasm.
166
508260
4840
Mladi moški pogosteje merijo svoje zadovoljstvo z lastnim orgazmom.
08:34
Young women also defined bad sex differently.
167
514660
3520
Mlade ženske tudi definirajo slab spolni odnos drugače.
08:39
In the largest ever survey
168
519740
1496
V največji raziskavi doslej
08:41
ever conducted on American sexual behavior,
169
521260
3136
o spolnem vedenju Američanov
08:44
they reported pain in their sexual encounters
170
524420
3776
so poročale o bolečini pri svojih spolnih odnosih
08:48
30 percent of the time.
171
528220
1880
v 30% primerih.
08:51
They also used words like "depressing,"
172
531340
2840
Uporabile so tudi besede 'depresivno',
08:54
"humiliating,"
173
534940
1576
'poniževalno'
08:56
"degrading."
174
536540
1200
'ponižujoče'.
08:58
The young men never used that language.
175
538260
3080
Mladi moški nikoli niso uporabili teh izrazov.
09:02
So when young women report sexual satisfaction levels
176
542260
3376
Ko mlade ženske poročajo o stopnji spolnega zadovoljstva,
09:05
that are equal to or greater than young men's --
177
545660
2920
ki je enako ali večje kot tisto od mladih moških -
09:09
and they do in research --
178
549260
1240
in v raziskavi je tudi to -
09:11
that can be deceptive.
179
551260
1400
je to lahko zavajujoče.
09:13
If a girl goes into an encounter hoping that it won't hurt,
180
553460
3616
Če se dekle spusti v spolni odnos z upanjem, da je ne bo bolelo,
09:17
wanting to feel close to her partner
181
557100
2016
da se bo počutila blizu svojemu partnerju
09:19
and expecting him to have an orgasm,
182
559140
2040
in da bo on doživel orgazem,
09:21
she'll be satisfied if those criteria are met.
183
561980
2360
bo zadovoljna, če se bodo ti kriteriji izpolnili.
09:24
And there's nothing wrong with wanting to feel close to your partner,
184
564940
3256
Nič ni narobe, če se želimo počutiti blizu svojemu partnerju
09:28
or wanting him to be happy,
185
568220
1336
ali želimo, da je srečen,
09:29
and orgasm isn't the only measure of an experience ...
186
569580
2524
in orgazem ni edino merilo neke izkušnje,
09:33
but absence of pain --
187
573380
1240
ampak odsotnost bolečine,
09:35
that's a very low bar for your own sexual fulfillment.
188
575580
3520
to je zelo nizka stopnička na lestvici lastne spolne izpolnitve.
09:40
Listening to all of this and thinking about it,
189
580820
2216
Ob poslušanju vsega tega in razmišljanju o tem
09:43
I began to realize that we performed a kind of psychological clitoridectomy
190
583060
5296
sem se začela zavedati, da smo nad ameriškimi dekleti izvedli
09:48
on American girls.
191
588380
1240
neke vrste psihološko obrezovanje.
09:50
Starting in infancy,
192
590180
1296
Začne se že v otroštvu,
09:51
parents of baby boys are more likely to name all their body parts,
193
591500
3816
ko starši fantkov pogosteje imenujejo vse njihove dele telesa.
09:55
at least they'll say, "here's your pee-pee."
194
595340
2080
Vsaj rečejo: "To je tvoj lulček."
09:58
Parents of baby girls go right from navel to knees,
195
598100
3176
Starši deklic od popka takoj preskočijo na kolena
10:01
and they leave this whole situation in here unnamed.
196
601300
3456
in vse vmes pustijo neimenovano.
10:04
(Laughter)
197
604780
1336
(smeh)
10:06
There's no better way to make something unspeakable
198
606140
3456
Ni boljšega načina, kako nekaj narediti neizrekljivo,
10:09
than not to name it.
199
609620
1200
kot da se ga sploh ne poimenuje.
10:12
Then kids go into their puberty education classes
200
612100
2416
Potem gredo otroci k zdravstveni vzgoji
10:14
and they learn that boys have erections and ejaculations,
201
614540
3080
in se naučijo, da imajo fantje erekcijo in izliv,
10:18
and girls have ...
202
618420
1736
dekleta pa imajo ...
10:20
periods and unwanted pregnancy.
203
620180
2920
menstruacijo in nezaželeno nosečnost.
10:23
And they see that internal diagram of a woman's reproductive system --
204
623860
3856
In vidijo tisti notranji diagram ženskih spolnih organov,
10:27
you know, the one that looks kind of like a steer head --
205
627740
2696
saj veste, tistega, ki izgleda kot neke vrste krmilna ročica.
10:30
(Laughter)
206
630460
1480
(smeh)
10:34
And it always grays out between the legs.
207
634540
2320
In med nogami je vedno zasenčen.
10:37
So we never say vulva,
208
637580
2176
Tako nikoli ne rečemo besede vulva
10:39
we certainly never say clitoris.
209
639780
2376
in zagotovo nikoli ne rečemo ščegetavček.
10:42
No surprise,
210
642180
1216
Potem ni presenetljivo,
10:43
fewer than half of teenage girls age 14 to 17
211
643420
3136
da se več kot polovica najstnic med 14. in 17. letom
10:46
have ever masturbated.
212
646580
2000
nikoli ne samozadovoljuje.
10:49
And then they go into their partnered experience
213
649180
2816
In potem se spustijo v svoje partnerske izkušnje,
10:52
and we expect that somehow they'll think sex is about them,
214
652020
3696
mi pa pričakujemo, da bodo nekako razumele, da je spolnost zanje in o njih,
10:55
that they'll be able to articulate their needs, their desires, their limits.
215
655740
4680
da bodo lahko izrazile svoje potrebe, svoje želje, svoje meje.
11:01
It's unrealistic.
216
661300
1440
To je nerealno.
11:04
Here's something, though.
217
664260
1200
Nekaj pa je.
11:06
Girls' investment in their partner's pleasure remains
218
666140
3176
Dekleta se potrudijo za partnerjev užitek,
11:09
regardless of the gender of the partner.
219
669340
2440
ne glede na spol partnerja.
11:12
So in same-sex encounters,
220
672500
2256
V istospolnih zvezah
11:14
the orgasm gap disappears.
221
674780
2480
prepad med orgazmom izgine.
11:17
And young women climax at the same rate as men.
222
677980
2800
Mlade ženske doživijo vrhunec enako pogosto kot moški.
11:21
Lesbian and bisexual girls would tell me
223
681940
2176
Lezbijke in biseksualke so mi povedale,
11:24
that they felt liberated to get off the script --
224
684140
3576
da so se počutile osvobojene, ko so delale po svoje,
11:27
free to create an encounter that worked for them.
225
687740
3416
svobodne, da ustvarjajo izkušnje, ki jim ustrezajo.
11:31
Gay girls also challenged the idea of first intercourse
226
691180
3656
Lezbijke so tudi sprožile razmišljanje o prvem spolnem odnosu
11:34
as the definition of virginity.
227
694860
1936
kot definiciji nedolžnosti.
11:36
Not because intercourse isn't a big deal,
228
696820
2576
Ne zato, ker spolni odnos ni pomemben,
11:39
but it's worth questioning why we consider this one act,
229
699420
4376
a vredno je razmisliti, zakaj jemljemo to dejanje,
11:43
which most girls associate with discomfort or pain,
230
703820
2816
ki ga večina deklet povezuje z neudobjem in bolečino,
11:46
to be the line in the sand of sexual adulthood --
231
706660
3496
kot črto v pesku spolne odraslosti -
11:50
so much more meaningful,
232
710180
1456
toliko bolj pomembno,
11:51
so much more transformative than anything else.
233
711660
2760
toliko bolj spreminjajoče kot kar koli drugega.
11:55
And it's worth considering how this is serving girls;
234
715460
3456
In vredno je razmisliti, kako to služi dekletom.
11:58
whether it's keeping them safer from disease,
235
718940
3016
Jih varuje pred boleznimi,
12:01
coercion, betrayal, assault.
236
721980
2880
prisilo, izdajo, posilstvom?
12:05
Whether it's encouraging mutuality and caring;
237
725420
3040
Vzpodbuja vzajemnost ali ljubezen?
12:09
what it means about the way they see other sex acts;
238
729180
3616
Kaj pove o načinu, kako vidijo druga spolna dejanja,
12:12
whether it's giving them more control over
239
732820
2216
jim daje več nadzora
12:15
and joy in their experience,
240
735060
1840
in veselja v njihovi izkušnji?
12:17
and what it means about gay teens,
241
737500
2936
In kaj pomeni o homoseksualnih najstnikih,
12:20
who can have multiple sex partners without heterosexual intercourse.
242
740460
4040
ki lahko imajo mnoge spolne partnerje brez heteroseksualnega spolnega odnosa.
12:25
So I asked a gay girl that I met,
243
745780
1840
Vprašala sem mlado lezbijko, ki sem jo srečala:
12:28
"How'd you know you weren't a virgin anymore?"
244
748340
2160
"Kako si vedela, da nisi več devica?"
12:31
She said she had to Google it.
245
751380
1456
Rekla je, da je morala poguglati.
12:32
(Laughter)
246
752860
2176
(smeh)
12:35
And Google wasn't sure.
247
755060
1560
In Google ni bil prepričan.
12:37
(Laughter)
248
757020
1816
(smeh)
12:38
She finally decided that she wasn't a virgin anymore
249
758860
2936
Nazadnje se je odločila, da ni več bila devica
12:41
after she'd had her first orgasm with a partner.
250
761820
2720
ko je doživela prvi orgazem s partnerko.
12:45
And I thought --
251
765780
1576
In pomislila sem -
12:47
whoa.
252
767380
1200
stoj!
12:48
What if just for a second
253
768940
2656
Kaj če si samo za sekundo
12:51
we imagined that was the definition?
254
771620
2360
predstvavljamo, da je to definicija?
12:55
Again, not because intercourse isn't a big deal --
255
775380
2336
Ponovno, ne zato, ker spolni odnos ne bi bil pomemben,
12:57
of course it is --
256
777740
1296
seveda je,
12:59
but it isn't the only big deal,
257
779060
2320
ampak ni edina pomembna stvar.
13:02
and rather than thinking about sex as a race to a goal,
258
782180
3776
Raje kot da mislimo o spolnem odnosu kot o teku proti cilju,
13:05
this helps us reconceptualize it as a pool of experiences
259
785980
5096
nam to pomaga na novo pojmovati spolni odnos kot bazen izkušenj,
13:11
that include warmth, affection, arousal,
260
791100
4616
ki vključujejo toplino, ljubezen, vzburjenje,
13:15
desire, touch, intimacy.
261
795740
2800
željo, dotik, itimnost.
13:19
And it's worth asking young people:
262
799460
2216
In vredno je vprašati mlade:
13:21
who's really the more sexually experienced person?
263
801700
3536
kdo je v resnici seksualno bolj izkušen?
13:25
The one who makes out with a partner for three hours
264
805260
3056
Tisti, ki se tri ure mečka s partnerjem
13:28
and experiments with sensual tension and communication,
265
808340
4576
in eksperimentira s spolno napetostjo in komunikacijo,
13:32
or the one who gets wasted at a party and hooks up with a random
266
812940
3816
ali tisti, ki se na zabavi napije in se poseksa z neko naključno osebo,
13:36
in order to dump their "virginity" before they get to college?
267
816780
3680
da bi izgubil nedolžnost, preden gre na univerzo?
13:41
The only way that shift in thinking can happen though
268
821460
3176
Edini način, kako lahko pride do tega premika v mišljenju,
13:44
is if we talk to young people more about sex --
269
824660
4056
je, da z mladimi več govorimo o spolnosti.
13:48
if we normalize those discussions,
270
828740
2336
Če te pogovore normaliziramo,
13:51
integrating them into everyday life,
271
831100
2896
jih vključimo v vsakdanje življenje,
13:54
talking about those intimate acts in a different way --
272
834020
3536
na drugačen način govorimo o intimnih dejanjih,
13:57
the way we mostly have changed
273
837580
2776
na način,
14:00
in the way that we talk about women in the public realm.
274
840380
2640
na način, kako govorimo o ženskah v javnosti.
14:03
Consider a survey of 300 randomly chosen girls
275
843540
4576
Vzemimo anketo 300 naključno izbranih deklet
14:08
from a Dutch and an American university,
276
848140
2376
iz nizozemske in ameriške univerze,
14:10
two similar universities,
277
850540
1736
dveh podobnih univerz,
14:12
talking about their early experience of sex.
278
852300
2920
ki govorijo o svojih zgodnjih spolnih izkušnjah.
14:16
The Dutch girls embodied everything we say we want from our girls.
279
856100
4936
Nizozemska dekleta poosebljajo vse, kar pravimo, da si želimo od svojih deklet.
14:21
They had fewer negative consequences,
280
861060
1936
Imele so manj negativnih izkušenj,
14:23
like disease, pregnancy, regret --
281
863020
2840
kot so bolezni, nosečnost, obžalovanje,
14:26
more positive outcomes
282
866460
1776
in več pozitivnih izidov,
14:28
like being able to communicate with their partner,
283
868260
2416
na primer, da so lahko komunicirale s partnerjem,
14:30
who they said they knew very well;
284
870700
1696
ki ga dobro poznajo.
14:32
preparing for the experience responsibly;
285
872420
2576
Pripravile so se na odgovornost izkušnje,
14:35
enjoying themselves.
286
875020
1560
uživale so.
14:37
What was their secret?
287
877500
1200
Kaj je njihova skrivnost?
14:39
The Dutch girls said that their doctors, teachers and parents
288
879540
4256
Nizozemska dekleta so rekla, da so njihovi zdravniki, učitelji in starši
14:43
talked to them candidly,
289
883820
1616
z njimi odkrito govorili
14:45
from an early age,
290
885460
1736
od zgodnje starosti
14:47
about sex, pleasure and the importance of mutual trust.
291
887220
4920
o spolnosti, užitku in pomembnosti medsebojnega zaupanja.
14:53
What's more,
292
893300
1216
Še več,
14:54
while American parents weren't necessarily less comfortable talking about sex,
293
894540
4776
čeprav ameriški starši niso bili nujno manj sproščeni med pogovorom o spolnosti,
14:59
we tend to frame those conversations
294
899340
2496
večinoma obrnemo te pogovore
15:01
entirely in terms or risk and danger,
295
901860
3600
popolnoma v smer tveganja in nevarnosti,
15:06
whereas Dutch parents talk about balancing responsibility and joy.
296
906420
4680
nizozemski starši pa govorijo o ravnotežju med odgovornostjo in veseljem.
15:12
I have to tell you,
297
912020
1216
Moram vam povedati,
15:13
as a parent myself,
298
913260
1856
tudi sama kot starš,
15:15
that hit me hard,
299
915140
2056
da me je zelo prizadelo,
15:17
because I know,
300
917220
2536
ker vem,
15:19
had I not delved into that research,
301
919780
2256
da če se ne bi lotila te raziskave,
15:22
I would have talked to my own child about contraception,
302
922060
3776
bi s svojim otrokom govorila o kontracepciji,
15:25
about disease protection,
303
925860
1856
o zaščiti pred boleznimi,
15:27
about consent because I'm a modern parent,
304
927740
2736
o privolitvi, ker sem modern starš.
15:30
and I would have thought ...
305
930500
1334
In mislila bi si -
15:33
job well done.
306
933820
1200
dobro sem opravila.
15:36
Now I know that's not enough.
307
936140
2280
Zdaj pa vem, da to ni dovolj.
15:39
I also know what I hope for for our girls.
308
939740
3040
Vem tudi, kaj si želim za naša dekleta.
15:43
I want them to see sexuality as a source of self-knowledge,
309
943780
4256
Želim jim, da bi videle spolnosti kot vir znanja o sebi,
15:48
creativity and communication,
310
948060
2216
kreativnost in komunikacijo
15:50
despite its potential risks.
311
950300
2616
kljub potencialnemu tveganju.
15:52
I want them to be able to revel in their bodies' sensuality
312
952940
3456
Želim jim, da bi znale uživati v čutnosti svojega telesa,
15:56
without being reduced to it.
313
956420
1520
ne da bi bile zreducirane nanj.
15:58
I want them to be able to ask for what they want in bed,
314
958940
3216
Želim jim, da bi lahko zahtevale, kar si želijo v postelji,
16:02
and to get it.
315
962180
1240
in to tudi dobile.
16:04
I want them to be safe from unwanted pregnancy,
316
964380
3456
Želim jim, da bi bile varne pred nezaželeno nosečnostjo,
16:07
disease,
317
967860
1216
boleznijo,
16:09
cruelty,
318
969100
1216
krutostjo,
16:10
dehumanization,
319
970340
1576
razčlovečenjem,
16:11
violence.
320
971940
1200
nasiljem.
16:13
If they are assaulted,
321
973900
1776
Če jih kdo spolno napade,
16:15
I want them to have recourse from their schools,
322
975700
3456
jim želim, da bi se lahko zatekle v šolo,
16:19
their employers,
323
979180
1416
k svojim delodajalcem,
16:20
the courts.
324
980620
1200
na sodišče.
16:22
It's a lot to ask,
325
982940
1400
Vem, da veliko zahtevam,
16:25
but it's not too much.
326
985060
1200
a ne preveč.
16:27
As parents, teachers, advocates and activists,
327
987300
4056
Kot starši, učitelji, zagovorniki in aktivisti
16:31
we have raised a generation of girls to have a voice,
328
991380
4776
smo vzgojili generacijo deklet, ki imajo svoj glas,
16:36
to expect egalitarian treatment in the home,
329
996180
3856
ki pričakujejo enakopravnost doma,
16:40
in the classroom,
330
1000060
1256
v učilnici,
16:41
in the workplace.
331
1001340
1200
na delovnem mestu.
16:43
Now it's time to demand that intimate justice
332
1003540
4656
Zdaj je čas, da zahtevajo tudi svojo intimno pravico
16:48
in their personal lives as well.
333
1008220
2160
v svojih zasebnih življenjih.
16:51
Thank you.
334
1011580
1216
Hvala.
16:52
(Applause)
335
1012820
2600
(aplavz)
O tej spletni strani

Na tem mestu boste našli videoposnetke na YouTubu, ki so uporabni za učenje angleščine. Ogledali si boste lekcije angleščine, ki jih poučujejo vrhunski učitelji z vsega sveta. Z dvoklikom na angleške podnapise, ki so prikazani na vsaki strani z videoposnetki, lahko predvajate videoposnetek od tam. Podnapisi se pomikajo sinhronizirano s predvajanjem videoposnetka. Če imate kakršne koli pripombe ali zahteve, nam pišite prek tega obrazca za stike.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7