The surprisingly charming science of your gut | Giulia Enders

1,032,798 views ・ 2017-11-24

TED


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Translator: Polona Ramšak Reviewer: Nika Kotnik
00:13
A few years ago,
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Pred nekaj leti
00:14
I always had this thing happening to me,
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se mi je kar naprej nekaj dogajalo,
00:17
especially at family gatherings
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še posebej na družinskih srečanjih,
00:19
like teas with aunts and uncles or something like this.
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na čaju s tetami in strici ali kaj takega,
00:22
When people come up to you,
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Ljudje so pristopili
00:23
and they ask you, "So, what are you doing?"
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in so me vprašali: "No, s čim se ukvarjaš?"
00:27
And I would have this magical one-word reply,
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Jaz pa sem v odgovor ponudila tisto čudežno besedo,
00:30
which would make everybody happy:
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ki je vse osrečila:
00:33
"Medicine.
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"Medicina.
00:34
I'm going to be a doctor."
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Zdravnica bom."
00:35
Very easy, that's it, everybody's happy and pleased.
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Zelo lahko, to je to in vsi so srečni in zadovoljni.
00:39
And it could be so easy,
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In lahko bi bilo lahko,
00:41
but this effect really only lasts for 30 seconds with me,
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a ta učinek pri meni v resnici traja le 30 sekund,
00:45
because that's then the time when one of them would ask,
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ker potem pride čas, ko eden od njih vpraša:
00:49
"So, in what area of medicine?
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"Katero področje medicine pa?
00:51
What specialty do you want to go into?"
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Kaj boš specializirala?"
00:54
And then I would have to strip down in all honesty and just say,
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In potem se moram razkriti in rečem:
00:58
"OK, so I'm fascinated with the colon.
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"OK, noro me privlači črevesje.
01:02
It all started with the anus,
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Vse se je začelo z anusom,
01:03
and now it's basically the whole intestinal tract."
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zdaj pa gre v bistvu za cel prebavni trakt."
01:06
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
01:08
And this would be the moment when the enthusiasm trickled,
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To je trenutek, ko navdušenje popusti
01:12
and it would maybe also get, like, awkwardly silent in the room,
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in v sobi morda nastane neprijetna tišina
01:16
and I would think this was terribly sad,
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in pomislim, kako strašno žalostno je to,
01:18
because I do believe our bowels are quite charming.
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ker dejansko verjamem, da so naša prebavila precej očarljiva.
01:22
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
01:23
And while we're in a time where many people are thinking about
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Smo v času, ko mnogi ljudje razmišljajo,
01:27
what new superfood smoothie to make
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kateri novi super smuti bi si naredili
01:29
or if gluten is maybe bad for them,
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in ali je gluten slab zanje,
01:32
actually, hardly anyone seems to care about the organ where this happens,
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le redko kdo pa se dejansko zanima za organ, kjer se vse to dogaja,
01:37
the concrete anatomy and the mechanisms behind it.
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konkretna anatomija in mehanizmi za njo.
01:40
And sometimes it seems to me
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In včasih se mi zdi,
01:41
like we're all trying to figure out this magic trick,
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da poskušamo razvozlati magični trik,
01:45
but nobody's checking out the magician,
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nihče pa ne opazuje čarodeja,
01:47
just because he has, like,
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ker pač ima
01:48
an embarrassing hairstyle or something.
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sramotno frizuro ali kaj takega.
01:52
And actually,
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In dejansko
01:54
there are reasons science disliked the gut for a long time;
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obstajajo razlogi, zakaj znanost tako dolgo ni marala črevesja,
01:58
I have to say this.
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to moram povedati.
01:59
So, it's complex.
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Kompleksno je.
02:00
There's a lot of surface area --
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Veliko površine zavzema,
02:02
about 40 times the area of our skin.
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približno 40-krat toliko kot koža.
02:04
Then, in such a tight pipe,
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Potem gre za ozko cev,
02:06
there are so many immune cells that are being trained there.
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v kateri so mnoge imunske celice, ki se tam urijo.
02:09
We have 100 trillion bacteria doing all sorts of things --
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Imamo 100 bilijonov bakterij, ki počnejo razne stvari -
02:12
producing little molecules.
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proizvajajo majhne molekule.
02:13
Then there's about 20 different hormones,
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Potem je tam okoli 20 različnih hormonov,
02:16
so we are on a very different level than our genitals, for example.
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tako da smo na zelo različni stopnji kot na primer naše genitalije.
02:19
And the nervous system of our gut is so complex
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In živčni sistem našega črevesja je tako kompleksen,
02:23
that when we cut out a piece,
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da če ga delček izrežemo,
02:24
it's independent enough that when we poke it,
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je dovolj neodvisen, da ko ga zbodemo,
02:27
it mumbles back at us, friendly.
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nam prijazno zamrmra.
02:29
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
02:32
But at least those reasons are also the reasons why it's so fascinating
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Vsaj to so razlogi, zakaj je črevesje tako fascinantno
02:37
and important.
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in pomembno.
02:39
It took me three steps to love the gut.
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V treh korakih sem vzljubila črevesje.
02:42
So today, I invite you to follow me on those three steps.
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Zato vas danes vabim, da mi sledite po teh treh korakih.
02:47
The very first was just looking at it
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Prvi je bil samo gledanje
02:49
and asking questions like, "How does it work?"
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in zastavljanje vprašanj, na primer: "Kako deluje?"
02:53
and "Why does it have to look so weird for that sometimes?"
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in: "Zakaj mora včasih tako čudno izgledati?"
02:57
And it actually wasn't me asking the first kind of these questions,
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V bistvu nisem jaz prva spraševala takih vprašanj,
03:01
but my roommate.
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ampak moj sostanovalec.
03:02
After one heavy night of partying,
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Po neki divji prekrokani noči
03:05
he came into our shared-room kitchen,
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je prišel v našo skupno kuhinjo
03:08
and he said, "Giulia, you study medicine. How does pooping work?"
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in rekel: "Giulia, ti študiraš medicino. Kako deluje kakanje?"
03:13
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
03:15
And I did study medicine but I had no idea,
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Jaz sem študirala medicino, a nisem imela pojma,
03:18
so I had to go up to my room and look it up in different books.
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zato sem šla gor v svojo sobo in pobrskala po različnih knjigah.
03:21
And I found something interesting, I thought, at that time.
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In našla sem nekaj, kar se mi je takrat zdelo zanimivo.
03:24
So it turns out, we don't only have this outer sphincter,
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Kot kaže, nimamo le te zunanje mišice zapiralke,
03:28
we also have an inner sphincter muscle.
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ampak tudi notranjo zapiralno mišico.
03:30
The outer sphincter we all know, we can control it,
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Zunanjo zapiralko poznamo, lahko jo nadzorujemo,
03:32
we know what's going on there;
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vemo, kaj se tam dogaja.
03:34
the inner one, we really don't.
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Notranje pa ne poznamo.
03:35
So what happens is,
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Gre za to,
03:37
when there are leftovers from digestion,
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da se ostanke od prebave
03:39
they're being delivered to the inner one first.
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dostavi najprej k notranji zapiralki.
03:42
This inner one will open in a reflex
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Ta notranja zapiralka se refleksno odpre
03:44
and let through a little bit for testing.
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in skozi spusti malo za test.
03:46
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
03:48
So, there are sensory cells
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Tam so senzorične celice,
03:50
that will analyze what has been delivered: Is it gaseous or is it solid?
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ki analizirajo, ali je to, kar je dostavljeno, plinasto ali trdno.
03:56
And they will then send this information up to our brain,
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To informacijo pošljejo v možgane
03:59
and this is the moment when our brain knows,
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in to je trenutek, ko možgani vedo:
04:01
"Oh, I have to go to the toilet."
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"O, na stranišče moram."
04:03
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
04:06
The brain will then do what it's designed to do
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Možgani bodo naredili to, za kar so ustvarjeni,
04:08
with its amazing consciousness.
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s svojo izjemno zavestjo.
04:10
It will mediate with our surroundings,
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Posredovali bodo v svojo okolico
04:13
and it will say something like,
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in rekli nekaj takega:
04:14
"So, I checked.
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"Torej, preverili smo.
04:16
We are at this TEDx conference -- "
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Smo na tej TEDx konferenci...
04:18
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
04:23
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
04:25
Gaseous?
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Plinasto?
04:26
Maybe, if you're sitting on the sides,
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Mogoče, če sedite na strani
04:28
and you know you can pull it off silently.
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in veste, da ga lahko spustite po tihem.
04:32
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
04:34
But solid --
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Ampak trdno...
04:35
maybe later.
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mogoče kasneje.
04:36
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
04:37
Since our outer sphincter and the brain is connected with nervous cells,
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Ker so naša zapiralka in možgani povezani z živčnimi celicami,
04:43
they coordinate, cooperate,
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koordinirajo, sodelujejo
04:45
and they put it back in a waiting line --
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in ga potisnejo nazaj v čakalno vrsto...
04:47
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
04:50
for other times,
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... za drugič,
04:51
like, for example, when we're at home sitting on the couch,
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ko boste recimo doma sedeli na kavču
in ne boste imeli nič boljšega za početi, takrat imamo prosto pot.
04:54
we have nothing better to do,
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04:55
we are free to go.
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04:57
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
05:01
Us humans are actually one of the very few animals that do this
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Ljudje smo dejansko ena od redkih živali, ki to počnemo
05:06
in such an advanced and clean way.
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na tako napreden in čist način.
05:08
To be honest, I had some newfound respect
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Če sem poštena, sem imela na novo odkrito spoštovanje
05:11
for that nice, inner sphincter dude --
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do te prijetne notranje zapiralne bejbe,
05:14
not connected to nerves
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ki ni povezana z živci,
05:15
that care too much about the outer world or the time --
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ki jih preveč skrbi za zunanji svet ali čas,
05:19
just caring about me for once.
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samo zame skrbi.
05:21
I thought that was nice.
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Mislila sem si, da je to lepo.
05:23
And I used to not be a great fan of public restrooms,
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In včasih nisem bila velika pristašinja javnih stranišč,
05:27
but now I can go anywhere,
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zdaj pa lahko grem kjer koli,
05:29
because I consider it more
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ker to bolj pretehtam,
05:30
when that inner muscle puts a suggestion on my daily agenda.
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ko mi ta notranja mišica pripelje predlog na moj dnevni razpored.
05:34
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
05:36
And also I learned something else, which was:
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Naučila sem tudi nekaj drugega:
05:38
looking closely at something I might have shied away from --
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natančno opazovanje nečesa, kar me je prej morda spravljajo v zadrego,
05:43
maybe the weirdest part of myself --
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morda mojega najbolj čudnega dela,
05:46
left me feeling more fearless,
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me je napravilo bolj pogumno
05:48
and also appreciating myself more.
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in bolj se znam ceniti.
05:51
And I think this happens a lot of times
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Mislim, da se to pogosto zgodi,
05:53
when you look at the gut, actually.
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ko gledamo črevesje.
05:55
Like those funny rumbling noises that happen
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Kot tisti smešni zvoki kruljenja, ki se zgodijo,
05:58
when you're in a group of friends
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ko smo v skupini prijateljev
05:59
or at the office conference table,
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ali v pisarni za konferenčno mizo
06:01
going, like, "Merrr, merrr..."
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in dela: "Mrrrr, mrrr..."
06:04
This is not because we're hungry.
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Ne zato, ker smo lačni.
06:06
This is because our small intestine is actually a huge neat freak,
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Zato, ker je tanko črevo v bistvu mahnjeno na čistočo
06:10
and it takes the time in between digestion to clean everything up,
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in med prebavami dolgo traja, da se vse počisti,
06:15
resulting in those eight meters of gut -- really, seven of them --
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da je potem tistih osem metrov črevesja - sedem, v bistvu -
06:18
being very clean and hardly smelling like anything.
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zelo čisti in skoraj ne smrdijo.
06:22
It will, to achieve this, create a strong muscular wave
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Da to doseže, bo ustvarilo močan mišični val,
06:26
that moves everything forward that's been leftover after digestion.
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ki potiska naprej vse, kar je ostalo od prebave.
06:30
This can sometimes create a sound,
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To lahko včasih ustvari zvok,
06:32
but doesn't necessarily have to always.
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a ne nujno vedno.
06:35
So what we're embarrassed of is really a sign
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To, česar se torej sramujemo, je znamenje,
06:38
of something keeping our insides fine and tidy.
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da nekaj ohranja našo notranjost lepo in čisto.
06:41
Or this weird, crooked shape of our stomach --
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Ali pa tista čudna, zvita oblika našega želodca,
06:44
a bit Quasimodo-ish.
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podobna kot notredamski zvonar.
06:46
This actually makes us be able to put pressure on our belly
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Zaradi te oblike lahko izvajamo pritisk na želodec,
06:50
without vomiting,
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ne da bi bruhali,
06:51
like when we're laughing
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ko se recimo smejimo
06:52
and when we're doing sports,
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in ko se ukvarjamo s športi,
06:54
because the pressure will go up and not so much sideways.
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ker gre pritisk gor in ne toliko na stran.
06:57
This also creates this air bubble
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To ustvari zračni mehurček,
06:59
that's usually always very visible in X-rays, for example,
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ki je ponavadi vedno viden na rentgenu
07:03
and can sometimes, with some people,
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in lahko včasih pri nekaterih ljudeh
07:05
when it gets too big,
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postane prevelik
07:07
create discomfort or even some sensations of pain.
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in ustvari nelagodje ali celo občutek bolečine.
07:10
But for most of the people, is just results
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Pri večini ljudi gre pa za to,
07:12
that it's far easier to burp when you're laying on your left side
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da je mnogo lažje rigniti, ko ležijo na levi strani
07:15
instead of your right.
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namesto na desni.
07:18
And soon I moved a bit further
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Kmalu sem se pomaknila še naprej
07:20
and started to look at the whole picture of our body and health.
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in začela gledati celo sliko našega telesa in zdravja.
07:23
This was actually after I had heard
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To je bilo v bistvu po tem, ko sem slišala,
07:26
that someone I knew a little bit had killed himself.
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da se je nekdo, ki sem ga malo poznala, ubil.
07:29
It happened that I had been sitting next to that person the day before,
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Dan prej sem po naključju sedela poleg tega človeka
07:34
and I smelled that he had very bad breath.
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in zavohala, da ima zelo slab zadah.
07:37
And when I learned of the suicide the next day,
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Ko sem naslednjega dne izvedela za samomor,
07:40
I thought: Could the gut have something to do with it?
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sem pomislila: Bi lahko bilo kaj narobe s črevesjem?
07:43
And I frantically started searching if there were scientific papers
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Divje sem začela iskati, če obstajajo kaki znanstveni članki
07:46
on the connection of gut and brain.
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o povezavi med črevesjem in možgani.
07:48
And to my surprise, I found many.
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Na moje presenečenje sem jih našla veliko.
07:51
It turns out it's maybe not as simple as we sometimes think.
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Očitno to ni tako preprosto, kot pogosto mislimo.
07:55
We tend to think our brain makes these commands
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Mislimo, da naši možgani dajejo ukaze
07:57
and then sends them down to the other organs,
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in jih potem pošljejo drugim organom,
07:59
and they all have to listen.
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ki morajo ubogati.
08:01
But really, it's more that 10 percent of the nerves that connect brain and gut
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A v resnici je več kot 10 % živcev, ki povezujejo možgane in črevesje
08:06
deliver information from the brain to the gut.
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in prenašajo informacije od možganov do črevesja.
08:09
We know this, for example, in stressful situations,
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Vemo, da na primer v stresnih situacijah,
08:13
when there are transmitters from the brain that are being sensed by our gut,
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ko naše črevesje občuti možganske prenašalce,
08:17
so the gut will try to lower all the work,
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črevesje poskuša zmanjšati delo
08:20
and not be working and taking away blood and energy
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in ne dela in ne jemlje krvi in energije,
08:25
to save energy for problem-solving.
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da prihrani energijo za reševanje problemov.
08:27
This can go as far as nervous vomiting or nervous diarrhea
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To se pokaže kot živčno bruhanje ali živčna driska,
08:31
to get rid of food that it then doesn't want to digest.
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da se telo znebi hrane, ki je takrat noče prebavljati.
08:34
Maybe more interestingly,
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Mogoče še bolj zanimivo,
08:36
90 percent of the nervous fibers that connect gut and brain
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90 % živčnih vlaken, ki povezujejo črevesje in možgane,
08:39
deliver information from our gut to our brain.
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prenaša informacije od našega črevesja v možgane.
08:43
And when you think about it a little bit,
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In ko malo pomislimo o tem,
08:45
it does make sense, because our brain is very isolated.
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je to smiselno, ker so naši možgani zelo izolirani.
08:48
It's in this bony skull surrounded by a thick skin,
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So v tej koščeni lobanji, obdani z debelo kožo,
08:53
and it needs information to put together a feeling
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in potrebujejo informacije, da vzpostavijo občutje:
08:56
of "How am I, as a whole body, doing?"
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"Kako se počutim kot celo telo?"
08:59
And the gut, actually, is possibly the most important advisor for the brain
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In črevesje je verjetno najpomembnejši svetovalec možganov,
09:04
because it's our largest sensory organ,
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ker je naš največji senzorični organ,
09:07
collecting information not only on the quality of our nutrients,
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ki zbira informacije, ne le o kvaliteti naših hranil,
09:10
but really also on how are so many of our immune cells doing,
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ampak resnično tudi o tem, kako so kaj naše številne imunske celice
09:14
or things like the hormones in our blood that it can sense.
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ali stvari, kot so hormoni v naši krvi, ki jih lahko zazna.
09:17
And it can package this information, and send it up to the brain.
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Zbere te informacije in jih pošlje gor v možgane.
09:21
It can, there, not reach areas like visual cortex or word formations --
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Ne more doseči področij, kot je vizualni korteks ali tvorba besed,
09:25
otherwise, when we digest,
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ker bi v tem primeru, ko prebavljamo,
09:27
we would see funny colors or we would make funny noises -- no.
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videli smešne barve ali pa bi tvorili smešne zvoke. Ne.
09:32
But it can reach areas for things like morality,
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Lahko pa doseže področja za stvari, kot so moralnost,
09:35
fear or emotional processing
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strah ali čustveno procesiranje
09:36
or areas for self-awareness.
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ali področja za samozavedanje.
09:39
So it does make sense
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Zato je smiselno,
09:40
that when our body and our brain are putting together this feeling
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da ko naše telo in možgani vzpostavljajo občutje,
09:44
of, "How am I, as a whole body, doing?"
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kako se počutim kot celo telo,
09:46
that the gut has something to contribute to this process.
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da lahko črevesje k temu procesu nekaj doprinese.
09:52
And it also makes sense
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Zato je tudi smiselno,
09:53
that people who have conditions like irritable bowel syndrome
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da ljudje, ki imajo bolezni, kot je npr. razdražljivo črevesje
09:56
or inflammatory bowel disease
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ali kronična vnetna črevesna bolezen,
09:58
have a higher risk of having anxiety or depression.
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imajo večje tveganje za anksioznost in depresijo.
10:01
I think this is good information to share,
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Mislim, da je to informacijo treba deliti,
10:04
because many people will think,
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ker bodo mnogi mislili:
10:05
"I have this gut thing, and maybe I also have this mental health thing."
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"To črevesno stvar imam in mogoče imam tudi to mentalno zadevo."
10:09
And maybe -- because science is not clear on that right now --
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Mogoče - ker si znanost v tem trenutku še ni čisto na jasnem -
10:12
it's really just that the brain is feeling sympathy with their gut.
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gre le za to, da so možgani sočutni do črevesja.
10:17
This has yet to grow in evidence until it can come to practice.
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Potrebujemo še veliko dokazov, da bomo lahko prešli v prakso.
10:21
But just knowing about these kinds of research
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A že to, da vemo, da obstajajo take raziskave,
10:24
that's out there at the moment
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da so zunaj,
10:26
helps me in my daily life.
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mi pomaga v vsakodnevnem življenju.
10:28
And it makes me think differently of my moods
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In zato drugače mislim o svojih razpoloženjih
10:30
and not externalize so much all the time.
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in stvari več ne konkretiziram kar naprej.
10:33
I feel oftentimes during the day we are a brain and a screen,
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Pogosto čez dan pomislim, da smo možgani in zaslon
10:37
and we will tend to look for answers right there
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in tam bomo poiskali odgovore
10:40
and maybe the work is stupid or our neighbor --
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in mogoče se to delo zdi vašemu sosedu neumno,
10:43
but really, moods can also come from within.
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a res je, da razpoloženje prihaja od znotraj.
10:45
And just knowing this helped me,
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Že samo to zavedanje mi je pomagalo,
10:47
for example, when I sometimes wake up too early,
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ko se na primer prezgodaj zbudim
10:50
and I start to worry and wander around with my thoughts.
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in začnem skrbeti in razmišljati.
10:53
Then I think, "Stop. What did I eat yesterday?
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Takrat si rečem: "Nehaj. Kaj sem jedla včeraj?
10:56
Did I stress myself out too much?
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Sem se preveč vznemirjala?
10:58
Did I eat too late or something?"
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Sem jedla prepozno ali kaj?"
11:00
And then maybe get up and make myself a tea,
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In potem mogoče vstanem in si napravim čaj,
11:02
something light to digest.
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nekaj lahko prebavljivega.
11:04
And as simple as that sounds,
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In naj se sliši še tako preprosto,
11:06
I think it's been surprisingly good for me.
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mislim, da je to zame presenetljivo dobro.
11:10
Step three took me further away from our body,
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Korak tri me je peljal proč od našega telesa
11:15
and to really understanding bacteria differently.
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in k resničnemu razumevanju bakterij.
11:18
The research we have today is creating a new definition
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Raziskave, ki jih danes imamo, ustvarjajo novo definicijo,
11:22
of what real cleanliness is.
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kaj je resnična čistoča.
11:25
And it's not the hygiene hypothesis --
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Ne gre za hipotezo higiene -
11:28
I think many maybe know this.
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mislim, da mnogi to poznajo.
11:30
So it states that when you have too little microbes in your environment
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Pravi, da ko imaš premalo mikrobov v svojem okolju,
11:33
because you clean all the time,
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ker kar naprej čistiš,
11:35
that's not really a good thing,
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to ni dobro,
11:37
because people get more allergies or autoimmune diseases then.
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ker ljudje potem dobijo več alergij in avtoimunskih bolezni.
11:40
So I knew this hypothesis,
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To hipotezo sem poznala,
mislila sem, da se ne bom veliko naučila,
11:43
and I thought I wouldn't learn so much
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11:44
from looking at cleanliness in the gut.
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če bom gledala čistočo črevesja.
11:47
But I was wrong.
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Motila sem se.
11:49
It turns out,
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Očitno
11:51
real cleanliness is not about killing off bacteria right away.
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pri resnični čistoči ne gre za takojšnje uničenje vseh bakterij.
11:55
Real cleanliness is a bit different.
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Resnična čistoča je malo drugačna.
11:57
When we look at the facts,
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Ko pogledamo dejstva,
11:59
95 percent of all bacteria on this planet don't harm us -- they can't,
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nam 95 % vseh bakterij na tem planetu ne škoduje, ne morejo nam,
12:04
they don't have the genes to do so.
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ker nimajo pravih genov za to.
12:06
Many, actually, help us a lot,
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Mnoge nam dejansko pomagajo
12:08
and scientists at the moment are looking into things like:
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in znanstveniki trenutno proučujejo stvari, kot so:
12:12
Do some bacteria help us clean the gut?
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nam nekatere bakterije pomagajo čistiti črevesje?
12:14
Do they help us digest?
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Nam pomagajo prebavljati?
12:16
Do they make us put on weight or have a lean figure
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Se zaradi njih zredimo ali smo vitki,
12:18
although we're eating lots?
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čeprav veliko jemo?
12:20
Are others making us feel more courageous or even more resilient to stress?
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Nam druge pomagajo, da se počutimo pogumnejše ali smo bolj odporni na stres?
12:25
So you see, there are more questions when it comes to cleanliness.
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Vidite torej, da obstaja mnogo vprašanj glede čistoče.
12:30
And, actually, the thing is, it's about a healthy balance, I think.
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In stvar je, da gre za zdravo ravnovesje, se mi zdi.
12:33
You can't avoid the bad all the time.
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Ves čas se ne moremo izogibati slabemu.
12:35
This is simply not possible;
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To preprosto ni mogoče,
12:37
there's always something bad around.
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ker je okoli nas vedno kaj slabega.
12:40
So what really the whole deal is when you look at a clean gut,
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Ko gledate na čisto črevesje, gre v bistvu za to,
12:44
it's about having good bacteria, enough of them,
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da imate dovolj dobrih bakterij
12:48
and then some bad.
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in nekaj slabih.
12:50
Our immune system needs the bad, too,
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Imunski sistem potrebuje tudi slabe,
12:52
so it knows what it's looking out for.
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da ve, za kaj mora poskrbeti.
12:54
So I started having this different perspective on cleanliness
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Zato sem začela drugače gledati na čistočo
12:58
and a few weeks later,
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in nekaj tednov kasneje
12:59
I held a talk at my university,
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sem imela na svoji univerzi predavanje
13:01
and I made a mistake by 1,000.
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in sem se zmotila za 1000.
13:04
And I went home and I realized in that moment,
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Šla sem domov in se v tistem trenutku zavedla:
13:06
I was like, "Ah! I made a mistake by 1,000.
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"Ah, zmotila sem se za 1000.
13:09
Oh God, that's so much, and that's so embarrassing."
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O Bog, to je tako veliko, to je tako sramotno."
13:12
And I started to think about this, I was like, "Ugh!"
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In začela sem o tem razmišljati in sem si mislila: "Oh."
13:15
And after a while I said,
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Čez čas sem rekla:
13:16
"OK, I made this one mistake,
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"Prav, naredila sem to eno napako,
13:18
but then I also told so many good and right and helpful things,
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a povedala sem še toliko dobrih in koristnih reči,
13:22
so I think it's OK, you know?
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zato mislim, da je vse v redu.
13:24
It's a clean thing."
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To je čista stvar."
13:25
And then I was like, "Oh, wait.
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Potem pa sem si rekla: "Počakaj.
13:27
Maybe I took my perspective on cleanliness further."
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Mogoče sem svoj pogled na čistočo peljala malo dlje."
13:31
And it's my theory at the moment that maybe we all do.
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Moja teorija je v trenutno ta, da mogoče vsi to počnemo.
13:33
Take it a bit further than just cleaning our living room,
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Stvari peljemo dlje, kot da le čistimo svojo dnevno sobo,
13:36
where maybe we make it to sort like a life hygiene.
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mogoče iz tega naredimo življenjsko higieno.
13:39
Knowing that this is about fostering the good
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Zavedanje, da gre za spodbujanje dobrega
13:43
just as much as trying to shelter yourself from the bad
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ravno toliko kot poskušanje ščitenja sebe pred slabim,
13:47
had a very calming effect on me.
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je imelo name pomirjevalen učinek.
13:49
So in that sense,
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V tem smislu torej
13:51
I hope today I told you mostly good and helpful things,
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upam, da sem vam danes povedala večinoma dobre in koristne reči
13:54
and thank you for your time,
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in hvala za vaš čas,
13:56
for listening to me.
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da ste me poslušali.
13:57
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
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