The surprisingly charming science of your gut | Giulia Enders

1,064,028 views ใƒป 2017-11-24

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Nurit Noy ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
A few years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื,
00:14
I always had this thing happening to me,
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื™,
00:17
especially at family gatherings
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ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื
00:19
like teas with aunts and uncles or something like this.
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ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืชื” ืขื ื”ื“ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื•ื“ื™ื.
00:22
When people come up to you,
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ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื ื™ื’ืฉื™ื ืืœื™ืš,
00:23
and they ask you, "So, what are you doing?"
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ื•ืฉื•ืืœื™ื: "ืื–, ืžื” ืืช ืขื•ืฉื”?"
00:27
And I would have this magical one-word reply,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื ื™ืชื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืงืกื ื‘ืช ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืช,
00:30
which would make everybody happy:
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ืฉืฉื™ืžื—ื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœื:
00:33
"Medicine.
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"ืจืคื•ืื”.
00:34
I'm going to be a doctor."
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ืื ื™ ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืคืื”".
00:35
Very easy, that's it, everybody's happy and pleased.
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ืงืœ ื ื•ืจื. ื–ื”ื•. ื›ื•ืœื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื•ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื.
00:39
And it could be so easy,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืœ.
00:41
but this effect really only lasts for 30 seconds with me,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฆืœื™ ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง 30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
00:45
because that's then the time when one of them would ask,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืฉืืœ,
00:49
"So, in what area of medicine?
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"ืื–, ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืจืคื•ืื”?
00:51
What specialty do you want to go into?"
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ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช?"
00:54
And then I would have to strip down in all honesty and just say,
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ืืืœืฅ ืœื”ื—ืฉืฃ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช,
00:58
"OK, so I'm fascinated with the colon.
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"ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ืžื•ืงืกืžืช ืžื”ืžืขื™ ื”ื’ืก.
01:02
It all started with the anus,
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ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืคื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช,
01:03
and now it's basically the whole intestinal tract."
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ."
01:06
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:08
And this would be the moment when the enthusiasm trickled,
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ื”ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืชืจื“,
01:12
and it would maybe also get, like, awkwardly silent in the room,
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืชืฉืจื•ืจ ื“ืžืžื” ืžื‘ื™ื›ื”.
01:16
and I would think this was terribly sad,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ืจื ืขืฆื•ื‘,
01:18
because I do believe our bowels are quite charming.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืžืงืกื™ืžื™ื.
01:22
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:23
And while we're in a time where many people are thinking about
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ
01:27
what new superfood smoothie to make
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ืื™ื–ื” ืžื–ื•ืŸ-ืขืœ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืฉื™ื™ืง ืฉืœื”ื,
01:29
or if gluten is maybe bad for them,
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ืื• ืื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ืžื–ื™ืง ืœื”ื.
01:32
actually, hardly anyone seems to care about the organ where this happens,
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื• ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื”ื›ืœ,
01:37
the concrete anatomy and the mechanisms behind it.
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ื”ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื” ื•ื”ืžื›ื ื™ืงื” ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ.
01:40
And sometimes it seems to me
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ืจืื” ืœื™
01:41
like we're all trying to figure out this magic trick,
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืขื ื— ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ืง,
01:45
but nobody's checking out the magician,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืกื.
01:47
just because he has, like,
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ืจืง ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื•, ื ื’ื™ื“,
01:48
an embarrassing hairstyle or something.
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ืชืกืจื•ืงืช ืžื‘ื™ื›ื”, ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
01:52
And actually,
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื,
01:54
there are reasons science disliked the gut for a long time;
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื” ื”ืžื“ืข ืœื ืื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ;
01:58
I have to say this.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื”.
01:59
So, it's complex.
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ื”ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
02:00
There's a lot of surface area --
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ --
02:02
about 40 times the area of our skin.
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื™ 40 ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
02:04
Then, in such a tight pipe,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง ื–ื”,
02:06
there are so many immune cells that are being trained there.
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืžืื•ืžื ื™ื ืฉื.
02:09
We have 100 trillion bacteria doing all sorts of things --
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 100 ื˜ึฐืจึดื™ืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื --
02:12
producing little molecules.
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ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช,
02:13
Then there's about 20 different hormones,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš 20 ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื,
02:16
so we are on a very different level than our genitals, for example.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ.
02:19
And the nervous system of our gut is so complex
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ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช
02:23
that when we cut out a piece,
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ืฉื›ืฉื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืžืขื™ื™ื,
02:24
it's independent enough that when we poke it,
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืฉื›ืฉื“ื•ืงืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”,
02:27
it mumbles back at us, friendly.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืืœื™ื ื• ื—ื–ืจื”, ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
02:29
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:32
But at least those reasons are also the reasons why it's so fascinating
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื• ื’ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ืžืจืชืงื™ื
02:37
and important.
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ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš.
02:39
It took me three steps to love the gut.
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ื•ืœืงื—ื• ืœื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื.
02:42
So today, I invite you to follow me on those three steps.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืืชื›ื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื.
02:47
The very first was just looking at it
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื
02:49
and asking questions like, "How does it work?"
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ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื›ืžื•,"ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“?"
02:53
and "Why does it have to look so weird for that sometimes?"
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ื•"ืœืžื” ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื?"
02:57
And it actually wasn't me asking the first kind of these questions,
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ืœื ืื ื™ ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
03:01
but my roommate.
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ืืœื ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœื™ ืœื“ื™ืจื”.
03:02
After one heavy night of partying,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช,
03:05
he came into our shared-room kitchen,
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ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœื ื•,
03:08
and he said, "Giulia, you study medicine. How does pooping work?"
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ื•ืืžืจ "ื’'ื•ืœื™ื”, ืืช ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืจืคื•ืื”. ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื—ื™ืจื‘ื•ืŸ?"
03:13
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:15
And I did study medicine but I had no idea,
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’,
03:18
so I had to go up to my room and look it up in different books.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื—ื“ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
03:21
And I found something interesting, I thought, at that time.
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
03:24
So it turns out, we don't only have this outer sphincter,
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ืฉืคื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืกื•ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“,
03:28
we also have an inner sphincter muscle.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ืฉืจื™ืจ ืกื•ื’ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™.
03:30
The outer sphincter we all know, we can control it,
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ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื•,
03:32
we know what's going on there;
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืฉื;
03:34
the inner one, we really don't.
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ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืžืฉ.
03:35
So what happens is,
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”
03:37
when there are leftovers from digestion,
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ื–ื” ืฉื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ,
03:39
they're being delivered to the inner one first.
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ื”ื ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœืกื•ื’ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™.
03:42
This inner one will open in a reflex
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ื”ื•ื ื ืคืชื— ืข"ื™ ืจืคืœืงืก
03:44
and let through a little bit for testing.
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ื•ืžื ื™ื— ืœืงืฆืช ืœืฆืืช, ืจืง ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื”.
03:46
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:48
So, there are sensory cells
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉื ื ืชืื™ ื—ื™ืฉื”
03:50
that will analyze what has been delivered: Is it gaseous or is it solid?
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ืฉื™ืื‘ื—ื ื• ืžื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข: ื”ืื ื–ื” ื’ื– ืื• ืžื•ืฆืง?
03:56
And they will then send this information up to our brain,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•
03:59
and this is the moment when our brain knows,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข:
04:01
"Oh, I have to go to the toilet."
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"ืื”,ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื."
04:03
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:06
The brain will then do what it's designed to do
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ื”ืžื•ื— ื™ืขืฉื” ืื– ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
04:08
with its amazing consciousness.
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ื‘ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืœื•.
04:10
It will mediate with our surroundings,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•
04:13
and it will say something like,
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ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”:
04:14
"So, I checked.
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"ืื–, ื‘ื“ืงืชื™,
04:16
We are at this TEDx conference -- "
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื˜ื“ ืืงืก ื›ืจื’ืข --"
04:18
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:23
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:25
Gaseous?
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ื’ื–ื™ื?
04:26
Maybe, if you're sitting on the sides,
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ืื•ืœื™, ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื”,
04:28
and you know you can pull it off silently.
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ื•ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื›ื›ื” ื‘ืฉืงื˜,
04:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:34
But solid --
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื --
04:35
maybe later.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš.
04:36
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:37
Since our outer sphincter and the brain is connected with nervous cells,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืกื•ื’ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืชืื™ ืขืฆื‘,
04:43
they coordinate, cooperate,
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ื”ื ืžืชืืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื ื”ื,
04:45
and they put it back in a waiting line --
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ื•ื”ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืขืžื“ืช ื”ืžืชื ื”.
04:47
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:50
for other times,
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ืœื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช,
04:51
like, for example, when we're at home sitting on the couch,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื”,
04:54
we have nothing better to do,
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
04:55
we are free to go.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื•ืงืŸ.
04:57
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:01
Us humans are actually one of the very few animals that do this
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ืื ื—ื ื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื ืžื ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืขื˜ื™ื
05:06
in such an advanced and clean way.
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื•ื ืงื™ื”.
05:08
To be honest, I had some newfound respect
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืืฆืœื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“
05:11
for that nice, inner sphincter dude --
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ืœืกื•ื’ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ื—ืžื“ ื”ื–ื”.
05:14
not connected to nerves
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ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืœืขืฆื‘ื™ื
05:15
that care too much about the outer world or the time --
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ืฉืื›ืคืช ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ --
05:19
just caring about me for once.
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ื”ื•ื, ืœืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื“ื•ืื’ ืจืง ืœื™.
05:21
I thought that was nice.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื ื—ืžื“.
05:23
And I used to not be a great fan of public restrooms,
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
05:27
but now I can go anywhere,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
05:29
because I consider it more
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ื—ืกืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš
05:30
when that inner muscle puts a suggestion on my daily agenda.
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ืฉื”ืกื•ื’ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื™ ืžืขืœื” ื”ืฆืขื” ืœืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™.
05:34
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:36
And also I learned something else, which was:
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ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ:
05:38
looking closely at something I might have shied away from --
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ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืจืชืขืชื™ ืžืžื ื• --
05:43
maybe the weirdest part of myself --
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ื”ื—ืœืง, ืื•ืœื™, ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื™ --
05:46
left me feeling more fearless,
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ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ืคื—ื“,
05:48
and also appreciating myself more.
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ื•ื’ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:51
And I think this happens a lot of times
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ื•ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื
05:53
when you look at the gut, actually.
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ื›ืฉื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื.
05:55
Like those funny rumbling noises that happen
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ.
05:58
when you're in a group of friends
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื
05:59
or at the office conference table,
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ืื• ืœื™ื“ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“.
06:01
going, like, "Merrr, merrr..."
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ืขื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืŸ "ื’ืจืจืจ ื’ืจืจืจืจ"
06:04
This is not because we're hungry.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจืขื‘ื™ื.
06:06
This is because our small intestine is actually a huge neat freak,
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžืขื™ ื”ื“ืง ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ,
06:10
and it takes the time in between digestion to clean everything up,
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ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืงื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ.
06:15
resulting in those eight meters of gut -- really, seven of them --
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื™ -- ื‘ืขืฆื, ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
06:18
being very clean and hardly smelling like anything.
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ืžืื•ื“ ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืจื™ื— ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
06:22
It will, to achieve this, create a strong muscular wave
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื’ืœ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ ื—ื–ืง
06:26
that moves everything forward that's been leftover after digestion.
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ืฉืžื–ื™ื– ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ.
06:30
This can sometimes create a sound,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื•ืœื•ืช,
06:32
but doesn't necessarily have to always.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“.
06:35
So what we're embarrassed of is really a sign
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ืš ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืกื™ืžืŸ
06:38
of something keeping our insides fine and tidy.
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ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืืช ื—ืœืงื™ื ื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืชืงื™ื ื™ื ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื.
06:41
Or this weird, crooked shape of our stomach --
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ืื• ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืขื•ื•ืชืช ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
06:44
a bit Quasimodo-ish.
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ืงืฆืช ืงื•ื•ื–ื™ืžื•ื“ื•ืื™ืช,
06:46
This actually makes us be able to put pressure on our belly
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ
06:50
without vomiting,
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื,
06:51
like when we're laughing
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ืœืžืฉืœ ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื
06:52
and when we're doing sports,
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ืื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜.
06:54
because the pressure will go up and not so much sideways.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื™ืขืœื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
06:57
This also creates this air bubble
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื•
06:59
that's usually always very visible in X-rays, for example,
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ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืจื•ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืจื ื˜ื’ืŸ,
07:03
and can sometimes, with some people,
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื,
07:05
when it gets too big,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื™ื“ื™,
07:07
create discomfort or even some sensations of pain.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืื‘.
07:10
But for most of the people, is just results
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฆืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื
07:12
that it's far easier to burp when you're laying on your left side
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ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื’ืจืขืคืก ื›ืฉืฉื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ
07:15
instead of your right.
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ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ.
07:18
And soon I moved a bit further
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ื•ืื– ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ื”ืœืื”
07:20
and started to look at the whole picture of our body and health.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื•.
07:23
This was actually after I had heard
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ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™
07:26
that someone I knew a little bit had killed himself.
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ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื™, ื”ืชืื‘ื“.
07:29
It happened that I had been sitting next to that person the day before,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื”, ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ,
07:34
and I smelled that he had very bad breath.
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ื•ื”ืจื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ืจืข ืžื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื•.
07:37
And when I learned of the suicide the next day,
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ื•ื›ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื—ืจืช,
07:40
I thought: Could the gut have something to do with it?
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™: ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ?
07:43
And I frantically started searching if there were scientific papers
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื›ืื—ื•ื–ืช ืชื–ื–ื™ืช ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื
07:46
on the connection of gut and brain.
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ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขื™ื™ื ืœืžื•ื—.
07:48
And to my surprise, I found many.
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ืœื”ืคืชืขืชื™, ืžืฆืืชื™ ืจื‘ื™ื.
07:51
It turns out it's maybe not as simple as we sometimes think.
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
07:55
We tend to think our brain makes these commands
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
07:57
and then sends them down to the other organs,
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ื•ืื– ืฉื•ืœื— ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
07:59
and they all have to listen.
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ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘.
08:01
But really, it's more that 10 percent of the nerves that connect brain and gut
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืจืง ืขืฉืจื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื— ืœืžืขื™ื™ื,
08:06
deliver information from the brain to the gut.
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ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžื•ื— ืœืžืขื™ื™ื.
08:09
We know this, for example, in stressful situations,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืžืฆื‘ื™ ืžืชื—,
08:13
when there are transmitters from the brain that are being sensed by our gut,
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ื›ืฉื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืฆื‘ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ื—,
08:17
so the gut will try to lower all the work,
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ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช,
08:20
and not be working and taking away blood and energy
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ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœืงื—ืช ื“ื ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
08:25
to save energy for problem-solving.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
08:27
This can go as far as nervous vomiting or nervous diarrhea
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืงืื•ืช ืื• ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ ืžืจื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฅ,
08:31
to get rid of food that it then doesn't want to digest.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ืžืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ืœื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืขื›ืœ.
08:34
Maybe more interestingly,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”,
08:36
90 percent of the nervous fibers that connect gut and brain
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ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-90% ืžืŸ ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ืœืžื•ื—
08:39
deliver information from our gut to our brain.
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ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžื•ื—.
08:43
And when you think about it a little bit,
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ื•ื›ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืงืฆืช,
08:45
it does make sense, because our brain is very isolated.
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ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืžืื•ื“.
08:48
It's in this bony skull surrounded by a thick skin,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช ืขืฆื, ื•ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืขื•ืจ ืขื‘ื”,
08:53
and it needs information to put together a feeling
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชื—ื•ืฉื”
08:56
of "How am I, as a whole body, doing?"
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ืฉืœ "ืžื” ืฉืœื•ืžื™, ืžื” ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™?"
08:59
And the gut, actually, is possibly the most important advisor for the brain
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ื•ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ื”ื ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—,
09:04
because it's our largest sensory organ,
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืื™ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืฉื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
09:07
collecting information not only on the quality of our nutrients,
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ืฉืื•ืกืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื ืจืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
09:10
but really also on how are so many of our immune cells doing,
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ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช,
09:14
or things like the hormones in our blood that it can sense.
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ืื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื–ื”ื”, ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื.
09:17
And it can package this information, and send it up to the brain.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืืจื•ื– ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื•ื—.
09:21
It can, there, not reach areas like visual cortex or word formations --
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ื•ืฉื, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ืจืื™ื” ืื• ืžื™ืœื™ื --
09:25
otherwise, when we digest,
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ืื—ืจืช, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื›ืœื™ื,
09:27
we would see funny colors or we would make funny noises -- no.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืงื•ืœื•ืช -- ืœื.
09:32
But it can reach areas for things like morality,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• "ืžื•ืกืจ",
09:35
fear or emotional processing
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"ืคื—ื“" ืื• "ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช"
09:36
or areas for self-awareness.
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ืื• ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
09:39
So it does make sense
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ืื– ื–ื” ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™
09:40
that when our body and our brain are putting together this feeling
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ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื”
09:44
of, "How am I, as a whole body, doing?"
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ืฉืœ: "ืžื” ืฉืœื•ืžื™, ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™?"
09:46
that the gut has something to contribute to this process.
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ืฉื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื”.
09:52
And it also makes sense
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™
09:53
that people who have conditions like irritable bowel syndrome
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžืขื™ ืจื’ื™ื–
09:56
or inflammatory bowel disease
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ืื• ืžื—ืœืช ืžืขื™ ื“ืœืงืชื™ืช
09:58
have a higher risk of having anxiety or depression.
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื—ืจื“ื” ืื• ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ.
10:01
I think this is good information to share,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉืชืฃ,
10:04
because many people will think,
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ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื•,
10:05
"I have this gut thing, and maybe I also have this mental health thing."
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"ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ืคืฉื™ืช,"
10:09
And maybe -- because science is not clear on that right now --
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ -- ื›ื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
10:12
it's really just that the brain is feeling sympathy with their gut.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืžื–ื“ื”ื” ืขื ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื.
10:17
This has yet to grow in evidence until it can come to practice.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”.
10:21
But just knowing about these kinds of research
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”
10:24
that's out there at the moment
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ืฉืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข ืžืžืฉ
10:26
helps me in my daily life.
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ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื.
10:28
And it makes me think differently of my moods
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœื™,
10:30
and not externalize so much all the time.
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ื•ืœื ืžื—ืฆื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
10:33
I feel oftentimes during the day we are a brain and a screen,
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื— ื•ืžืกืš,
10:37
and we will tend to look for answers right there
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช
10:40
and maybe the work is stupid or our neighbor --
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ืช ืื• ืฉื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• --
10:43
but really, moods can also come from within.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืจื•ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื’ื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื.
10:45
And just knowing this helped me,
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ื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ื–ื• ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื™.
10:47
for example, when I sometimes wake up too early,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื›ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื“ื™,
10:50
and I start to worry and wander around with my thoughts.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช,
10:53
Then I think, "Stop. What did I eat yesterday?
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช: "ืขื™ืฆืจื™, ืžื” ืื›ืœืช ืืชืžื•ืœ?"
10:56
Did I stress myself out too much?
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ื”ืื ื”ืชืืžืฆืชื™ ืžื“ื™?
10:58
Did I eat too late or something?"
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ื”ืื ืื›ืœืชื™ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ืžื“ื™ ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”?
11:00
And then maybe get up and make myself a tea,
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ืงืžื”, ืžื›ื™ื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืชื”,
11:02
something light to digest.
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ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ, ืงืœ ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ.
11:04
And as simple as that sounds,
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ื›ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืคืฉื•ื˜,
11:06
I think it's been surprisingly good for me.
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
11:10
Step three took me further away from our body,
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ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•,
11:15
and to really understanding bacteria differently.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื.
11:18
The research we have today is creating a new definition
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
11:22
of what real cleanliness is.
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ืœืžื”ื• ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช.
11:25
And it's not the hygiene hypothesis --
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ื•ื–ื• ืœื ื”ืฉืขืจืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ื” --
11:28
I think many maybe know this.
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ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
11:30
So it states that when you have too little microbes in your environment
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžืขื˜ ืžื“ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
11:33
because you clean all the time,
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ื›ื™ ืืชื ืžื ืงื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
11:35
that's not really a good thing,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
11:37
because people get more allergies or autoimmune diseases then.
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ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืื™ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
11:40
So I knew this hypothesis,
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ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
11:43
and I thought I wouldn't learn so much
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืœื ืืœืžื“ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”
11:44
from looking at cleanliness in the gut.
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ืžื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื.
11:47
But I was wrong.
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ืื‘ืœ ื˜ืขื™ืชื™.
11:49
It turns out,
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ,
11:51
real cleanliness is not about killing off bacteria right away.
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ืฉื ืงื™ื•ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื.
11:55
Real cleanliness is a bit different.
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ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื”.
11:57
When we look at the facts,
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ื‘ืขืฆื
11:59
95 percent of all bacteria on this planet don't harm us -- they can't,
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95% ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœื ื•. ื”ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื.
12:04
they don't have the genes to do so.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื.
12:06
Many, actually, help us a lot,
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ืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืขืฆื, ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืžืื•ื“.
12:08
and scientists at the moment are looking into things like:
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•:
12:12
Do some bacteria help us clean the gut?
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ื”ืื ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื?
12:14
Do they help us digest?
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ื”ืื ื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืขื›ืœ?
12:16
Do they make us put on weight or have a lean figure
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ื”ืื ื”ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืŸ ืื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ื–ืจื” ื“ืงื”
12:18
although we're eating lots?
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”?
12:20
Are others making us feel more courageous or even more resilient to stress?
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ื”ืื ืื—ืจื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžื™ืฆื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืœื—ืฆื™ื?
12:25
So you see, there are more questions when it comes to cleanliness.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื ืงื™ื•ืŸ.
12:30
And, actually, the thing is, it's about a healthy balance, I think.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื, ื ืจืื” ืœื™.
12:33
You can't avoid the bad all the time.
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืžื•ืง ืžื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
12:35
This is simply not possible;
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ.
12:37
there's always something bad around.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
12:40
So what really the whole deal is when you look at a clean gut,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื,
12:44
it's about having good bacteria, enough of them,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช,
12:48
and then some bad.
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ื•ื’ื ืงืฆืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืจืขื™ื.
12:50
Our immune system needs the bad, too,
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื,
12:52
so it knows what it's looking out for.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืžื” ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ.
12:54
So I started having this different perspective on cleanliness
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ื›ืš ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ "ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ" ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”.
12:58
and a few weeks later,
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
12:59
I held a talk at my university,
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ื”ึดืจึฐืฆึตื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื™,
13:01
and I made a mistake by 1,000.
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ื•ื˜ืขื™ืชื™ ื‘-1000.
13:04
And I went home and I realized in that moment,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข,
13:06
I was like, "Ah! I made a mistake by 1,000.
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™: "ืื•ื™! ื˜ืขื™ืชื™ ื‘-1000.
13:09
Oh God, that's so much, and that's so embarrassing."
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ืืœื•ื”ื™ื! ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”. ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื‘ื™ืš".
13:12
And I started to think about this, I was like, "Ugh!"
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ืื ื™ ื›ื–ื”:"ืื•ื•!"
13:15
And after a while I said,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™:
13:16
"OK, I made this one mistake,
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"ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื—ืช,
13:18
but then I also told so many good and right and helpful things,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื.
13:22
so I think it's OK, you know?
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ืื–, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื? ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ
13:24
It's a clean thing."
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ืื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื - ื ืงื™."
13:25
And then I was like, "Oh, wait.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ื›ื–ื” "ืื•ื™, ืจื’ืข.
13:27
Maybe I took my perspective on cleanliness further."
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื™ ืžืจื—ื™ืงื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ"
13:31
And it's my theory at the moment that maybe we all do.
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ื•ื›ืจื’ืข, ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื•
13:33
Take it a bit further than just cleaning our living room,
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ืžื’ื–ื™ืžื™ื ืงืฆืช, ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื™ื“ื™.
13:36
where maybe we make it to sort like a life hygiene.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื.
13:39
Knowing that this is about fostering the good
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ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื˜ืคื— ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘
13:43
just as much as trying to shelter yourself from the bad
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื•ื ืŸ ืžื”ืจืข
13:47
had a very calming effect on me.
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ื–ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
13:49
So in that sense,
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ืื– ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
13:51
I hope today I told you mostly good and helpful things,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื,
13:54
and thank you for your time,
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื›ื,
13:56
for listening to me.
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ืขืœ ืฉื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื ืœื™.
13:57
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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