The call to learn | Clifford Stoll

1,280,993 views ・ 2008-03-27

TED


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Translator: Miha Pelko Reviewer: TEDx Ljubljana
00:12
I'm delighted to be here.
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Presrečen sem, da sem tu.
00:14
I'm honored by the invitation, and thanks.
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Počaščen sem, da sem bil povabljen, hvala.
00:17
I would love to talk about stuff that I'm interested in,
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Zelo rad bi govoril o stvareh, ki me zanimajo,
00:20
but unfortunately, I suspect that what I'm interested in
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amapak sumim, da stvari, ki me zanimajo,
00:22
won't interest many other people.
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ne zanimajo mnogo drugih.
00:25
First off, my badge says I'm an astronomer.
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Najprej, moja priponka pravi, da sem astronom.
00:27
I would love to talk about my astronomy,
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Zelo rad bi govoril o astronomiji,
00:29
but I suspect that the number of people who are interested in radiative transfer
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ampak predvidevam, da je število ljudi, ki jih zanima sevanje
00:32
in non-gray atmospheres
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v ne-sivih atmosferah
00:34
and polarization of light in Jupiter's upper atmosphere
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in polarizacija svetlobe v Jupitrovi gornji atmosferi
00:36
are the number of people who'd fit in a bus shelter.
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enako številu ljudi, ki jih spraviš pod nadstrešek na postajališču.
00:38
So I'm not going to talk about that.
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Zato ne bom govoril o tem.
00:40
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:42
It would be just as much fun
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Prav tako bi bilo zabavno
00:44
to talk about some stuff that happened in 1986 and 1987,
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govoriti o nekaterih zadevah, ki so se zgodile leta 1986 in 1987,
00:47
when a computer hacker is breaking into our systems
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ko so računalniški hekerji vlomili v naše sisteme
00:50
over at Lawrence Berkeley Labs.
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v Lawrence Berkeley Laboratoriju.
00:52
And I caught the guys,
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In sem jih ujel
00:54
and they turned out to be working for what was then the Soviet KGB,
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in se je izkazalo da so delali za, kar je bil takrat, sovjetski KGB,
00:58
and stealing information and selling it.
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in kradli informacije in jih prodajali.
01:00
And I'd love to talk about that -- and it'd be fun --
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In zelo rad bi govoril o tem -- in bilo bi zabavno --
01:04
but, 20 years later ...
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ampak, 20 let kasneje …
01:07
I find computer security, frankly, to be kind of boring.
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se mi zdi varnost računalniških sistemov, iskreno povedano, nekako dolgočasna.
01:09
It's tedious.
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Utrujujoča je
01:11
I'm --
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Sem --
01:12
The first time you do something, it's science.
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Prvič ko nekaj narediš, je znanost.
01:16
The second time, it's engineering.
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Drugič je inženirstvo.
01:19
A third time, it's just being a technician.
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Tretjič je samo tehnično delo.
01:22
I'm a scientist. Once I do something, I do something else.
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Jaz sem znanstvenik. Ko neko zadevo enkrat naredim, grem delat nekaj drugega.
01:25
So, I'm not going to talk about that.
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Zato ne bom govoril o tem.
01:27
Nor am I going to talk about what I think are obvious statements from my first book,
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Ne bom govoril niti o tem, kar mislim, da so očitne izjave z moje prve knjige
01:34
"Silicon Snake Oil," or my second book,
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Silicon Snake Oil, ali moje druge knjige,
01:38
nor am I going to talk about
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niti ne bom govoril o tem
01:40
why I believe computers don't belong in schools.
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zakaj mislim, da računalniki ne sodijo v šolo.
01:43
I feel that there's a massive and bizarre idea going around
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Čutim, da je prisotna velika in čudna ideja o tem,
01:47
that we have to bring more computers into schools.
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da bi morali v šole pripeljati več računalnikov.
01:51
My idea is: no! No!
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Moje mnenje je: Ne! Ne!
01:53
Get them out of schools, and keep them out of schools.
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Spravite jih ven iz šol in jih pustite zunaj.
01:57
And I'd love to talk about this,
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In rad bi govoril o tem,
01:59
but I think the argument is so obvious to anyone who's hung around a fourth grade classroom
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ampak mislim da je ta izjava tako očitna komurkoli, ki je bil v razredu četrtošolcev,
02:04
that it doesn't need much talking about --
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da ne potrebuje dodatnega govorjenja --
02:08
but I guess I may be very wrong about that,
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ampak mogoče se zelo motim o tem,
02:10
and everything else that I've said.
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in vsem drugem, kar sem povedal.
02:11
So don't go back and read my dissertation.
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Tako da ne hodite nazaj brat moje dizertacije.
02:13
It probably has lies in it as well.
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Verjetno prav tako vsebuje laži.
02:15
Having said that, I outlined my talk about five minutes ago.
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Ko sem že povedal vse to, svoj govor sem sestavil pred petimi minutami.
02:19
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:22
And if you look at it over here,
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In če pogledate sem,
02:24
the main thing I wrote on my thumb was the future.
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glavna stvar, ki sem jo napisal na moj palec, je prihodnost.
02:27
I'm supposed to talk about the future, yes?
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Govoril naj bi o prihodnosti, kajne?
02:30
Oh, right. And my feeling is, asking me to talk about the future is bizarre,
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Oh, ja. In moj občutek je, prositi mene, da govorim o prihodnosti, je čudno,
02:37
because I've got gray hair,
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ker imam sive lase,
02:39
and so, it's kind of silly for me to talk about the future.
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in je malce nesmiselno, da bi jaz govoril o prihodnosti.
02:45
In fact, I think that if you really want to know what the future's going to be,
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Pravzaprav mislim, da če bi res radi vedeli, kaj bo prinesla prihodnost,
02:49
if you really want to know about the future,
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če bi res radi vedeli o prihodnosti,
02:51
don't ask a technologist, a scientist, a physicist.
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ne sprašujte tehnologa, znanstvenika, fizika.
02:55
No! Don't ask somebody who's writing code.
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Ne! Ne sprašujte nekoga, ki piše računalniško kodo.
03:02
No, if you want to know what society's going to be like in 20 years,
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Ne, če bi radi vedeli kakšna bo družba čez 20 let,
03:07
ask a kindergarten teacher.
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vprašajte vzgojitelje v vrtcu.
03:09
They know.
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Oni vedo.
03:12
In fact, don't ask just any kindergarten teacher,
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Pravzaprav, ne vprašajte kateregakoli vzgojitelja,
03:15
ask an experienced one.
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vprašajte izkušenega.
03:17
They're the ones who know what society is going to be like in another generation.
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Oni so tisti, ki vedo kakšna bo družba naslednje generacije.
03:21
I don't. Nor, I suspect,
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Jaz ne vem. Niti, dvomim,
03:23
do many other people who are talking about what the future will bring.
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da vedo to mnogi drugi, ki govorijo o tem, kaj bo prinesla prihodnost.
03:26
Certainly, all of us can imagine these cool new things
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Vsekakor si lahko vsi predstavljamo te "kul" nove stvari,
03:30
that are going to be there.
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ki še bodo prisotne.
03:31
But to me, things aren't the future.
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Ampak zame stvari niso prihodnost.
03:35
What I ask myself is, what's society is going to be like,
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Sprašujem se, kakšna bo družba v prihodnosti,
03:38
when the kids today are phenomenally good at text messaging
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ko so otroci danes fenomenalni v pisanju SMS-ov
03:44
and spend a huge amount of on-screen time,
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in porabijo ogromno časa pred ekrani,
03:47
but have never gone bowling together?
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medtem ko skoraj nikoli ne gredo skupaj na bowling.
03:53
Change is happening, and the change that is happening
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Prihaja sprememba,
03:56
is not one that is in software.
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a ne tista v programski opremi.
03:59
But that's not what I'm going to talk about.
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Ampak ne bom govoril o tem.
04:00
I'd love to talk about it, it'd be fun,
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Zelo bi rad govoril o tem, bilo bi zabavno,
04:03
but I want to talk about what I'm doing now. What am I doing now?
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ampak govoril bom o tem, kar delam sedaj. Kaj delam sedaj?
04:06
Oh -- the other thing that I think I'd like to talk about
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Oh – druga stvar o kateri mislim, da bi rad govoril,
04:08
is right over here. Right over here.
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je tule. Prav tule.
04:12
Is that visible? What I'd like to talk about is one-sided things.
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Se vidi? To, o čemer bi rad govoril, so enostranske stvari.
04:18
I would dearly love to talk about
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Zelo rad bi govoril o stvareh,
04:20
things that have one side.
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ki imajo samo eno stran.
04:23
Because I love Mobius loops. I not only love Mobius loops,
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Ker obožujem mobiusove trakove. Ne samo da obožujem mobiusove trakove,
04:27
but I'm one of the very few people,
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ampak sem tudi eden redkih ljudi na svetu,
04:30
if not the only person in the world, that makes Klein bottles.
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če ne edini na svetu, ki izdeluje kleinove steklenice.
04:33
Right away, I hope that all of your eyes glaze over.
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Upam, da vsi pogledate sem.
04:36
This is a Klein bottle.
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To je kleinova steklenica.
04:39
For those of you in the audience who know,
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Za tiste v občinstvu, ki jih poznate,
04:42
you roll your eyes and say, yup, I know all about it.
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zavijte z očmi in si recite, ja. Vem vse o tem.
04:44
It's one sided. It's a bottle whose inside is its outside.
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So enostranske. So steklenice, katerih notranjost je tudi zuananjost.
04:46
It has zero volume. And it's non-orientable.
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Ima nično prostornino. In ne da se jih orientirati.
04:49
It has wonderful properties.
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Ima čudovite lastnosti.
04:51
If you take two Mobius loops and sew their common edge together,
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Če vzameš dva mobiousova trakova in skupaj sešiješ njuna robova,
04:53
you get one of these, and I make them out of glass.
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dobiš eno tako, in jaz jih izdelujem iz stekla.
04:56
And I'd love to talk to you about this,
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In zelo rad bi govoril o tem,
04:58
but I don't have much in the way of ... things to say because --
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ampak nimam več na način … povedati, ker --
05:04
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:06
(Chris Anderson: I've got a cold.)
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(Chris Anderson: Prehlajen sem.)
05:07
However, the "D" in TED of course stands for design.
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Kakorkoli že, "D" v "TED" seveda pomeni dizajn.
05:14
Just two weeks ago I made --
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Samo dva tedna nazaj sem naredil --
05:16
you know, I've been making small, medium and big Klein bottles for the trade.
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veste, izdeloval sem majhne, srednje in velike kleinove steklenice za prodajo.
05:22
But what I've just made --
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Ampak, kar sem ravnokar naredil --
05:26
and I'm delighted to show you, first time in public here.
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in sem presrečen, da vam lahko pokažem, prvič v javnosti.
05:35
This is a Klein bottle wine bottle,
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To je kleinova steklenica, vinska steklenica,
05:40
which, although in four dimensions
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ki jo, kljub temu, da v v štirih dimenzijah
05:43
it shouldn't be able to hold any fluid at all,
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ne bi mogla biti napolnjena s tekočino,
05:46
it's perfectly capable of doing so
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popolnoma lahko napolnemo,
05:48
because our universe has only three spatial dimensions.
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ker ima naše vesolje zgolj tri prostorske dimenzije.
05:50
And because our universe is only three spatial dimensions,
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In ker ima naše vesolje le tri prostorske dimenzije,
05:53
it can hold fluids.
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jo lahko napolnemo s tekočino.
05:56
So it's highly -- that one's the cool one.
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Torej je najbolj – to je tista, ki je "kul".
06:01
That was a month of my life.
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To je bil mesec mojega življenja.
06:06
But although I would love to talk about topology with you, I'm not going to.
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Ampak kljub temu, da bi zelo rad govoril z vami o topologiji, ne bom.
06:11
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:17
Instead, I'm going to mention my mom,
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Namesto tega bom omenil svojo mamo,
06:22
who passed away last summer.
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ki je umrla prejšnje poletje.
06:25
Had collected photographs of me, as mothers will do.
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Zbirala je moje slike, kot mame počno.
06:28
Could somebody put this guy up?
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Lahko prosim pokažete tole?
06:30
And I looked over her album
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In sem šel čez njen album
06:34
and she had collected a picture of me, standing --
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in je imela sliko mene, ko stojim --
06:37
well, sitting -- in 1969, in front of a bunch of dials.
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no, ko sedim, leta 1969, pred kupom tipk.
06:42
And I looked at it, and said, oh my god,
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In sem jo pogledal in si rekel, o moj bog,
06:45
that was me, when I was working at the electronic music studio!
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to sem jaz, ko sem še delal za elektronski glasbeni studio!
06:47
As a technician, repairing and maintaining
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Kot tehnik sem popravljal in vzdrževal
06:51
the electronic music studio at SUNY Buffalo. And wow!
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elektronski glasbeni studio pri SUNY Buffalo. In Uau!
06:55
Way back machine. And I said to myself, oh yeah!
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Časovni stroj. In sem si rekel, ah ja!
07:01
And it sent me back.
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In me je poslal nazaj.
07:05
Soon after that, I found in another picture that she had, a picture of me.
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Kmalu po tem sem našel še eno sliko, na kateri sem bil.
07:13
This guy over here of course is me.
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Ta fant tule sem seveda jaz.
07:17
This man is Robert Moog,
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Ta gospod je Robert Moog,
07:19
the inventor of the Moog synthesizer,
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izumitelj moogovih električnih klaviatur,
07:21
who passed away this past August.
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ki je umrl prejšnjega avgusta.
07:26
Robert Moog was a generous, kind person, extraordinarily competent engineer.
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Robert Moog je bil radodarna prijazna oseba, izjemno sposoben inženir.
07:31
A musician who took time from his life to teach me,
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Glasbenik, ki si je vzel čas, da je učil mene,
07:37
a sophomore, a freshman at SUNY Buffalo.
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učenca, srednješolca na SUNY Buffalo.
07:40
He'd come up from Trumansburg to teach me
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Prišel je iz Trumansburga,
07:45
not just about the Moog synthesizer, but we'd be sitting there --
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ne samo, da bi me učil o moogovih klaviaturah, ampak tudi samo sedela sva tam --
07:49
I'm studying physics at the time. This is 1969, 70, 71.
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v tistem času sem študiral fiziko. To je 1969, 70, 71.
07:52
We're studying physics, I'm studying physics,
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Študiramo fiziko, jaz študiram,
07:54
and he's saying, "That's a good thing to do.
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in on pravi, "To je prava stvar.
07:56
Don't get caught up in electronic music if you're doing physics."
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Naj te elektronska glasba ne zasvoji, če študiraš fiziko."
07:58
Mentoring me. He'd come up and
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Bil je moj mentor. Prišel je
08:01
spend hours and hours with me.
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in preživel ure z mano.
08:05
He wrote a letter of recommendation for me to get into graduate school.
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Napisal mi je priporočilo, da sem šel študirat.
08:08
In the background, my bicycle.
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V ozadju je moje kolo.
08:10
I realize that this picture was taken at a friend's living room.
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Fotografija je bila posneta v prijateljevi dnevni sobi.
08:13
Bob Moog came by and hauled a whole pile of equipment
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Bob Moog je prišel mimo in privlekel goro opreme,
08:16
to show Greg Flint and I things about this.
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da bi jo pokazal Gregu Flintu in meni.
08:18
We sat around talking about Fourier transforms,
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Sedeli smo in govorili o fourierjevih transformacijah,
08:20
Bessel functions, modulation transfer functions,
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besslovih funkcijah, modulacijskih prenosnih funkcijah
08:23
stuff like this.
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in podobnih zadevah.
08:28
Bob's passing this past summer has been a loss to all of us.
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Bobova smrt je bila velika izguba za vse nas.
08:31
Anyone who's a musician has been profoundly influenced by Robert Moog.
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Robert Moog je globoko vplival na vsakega glasbenika.
08:36
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
08:38
And I'll just say what I'm about to do. What I'm about to do --
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In samo povedal bom, kaj bom naredil. Kar bom naredil --
08:43
I hope you can recognize that there's a distorted sine wave,
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upam da prepoznate pokvečen sinusni val,
08:47
almost a triangular wave upon this Hewlett-Packard oscilloscope.
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skoraj trikotni val na tem Hewlett-Packard osciloskopu.
08:53
Oh, cool. I can get to this place over here, right?
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Oh, super. Lahko grem na to, ja?
08:58
Kids. Kids is what I'm going to talk about -- is that okay?
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Otroci. Govoril bom o otrocih -- je to v redu?
09:00
It says kids over here, that's what I'd like to talk about.
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Tu piše otroci, o tem bi rad govoril.
09:04
I've decided that, for me at least,
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Odločil sem se, da vsaj jaz
09:08
I don't have a big enough head.
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nimam dovolj velike glave.
09:13
So I think locally and I act locally.
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Tako razmišljam lokalno in delujem lokalno.
09:16
I feel that the best way I can help out anything is to help out very, very locally.
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Ugotovil sem, da je najboljši način, da kakorkoli pomagam, tako da pomagam zelo, zelo lokalno.
09:20
So Ph.D. this, and degree there, and the yadda yadda.
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Torej doktorat, diploma gor ali dol, in ves ta bla bla bla.
09:25
I was talking about this stuff to
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O tem sem govoril
09:29
some schoolteachers about a year ago.
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nekaterim učiteljem kako leto nazaj.
09:31
And one of them, several of them would come up to me and say,
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In eden od njih, več njih je prišlo do mene in me vprašalo,
09:33
"Well, how come you ain't teaching?"
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"Torej, kako, da ne poučuješ?"
09:35
And I said, "Well, I've taught graduate --
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In sem rekel, "No, saj sem učil podiplomske študente.
09:36
I've had graduate students, I've taught undergraduate classes."
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Učil sem študente."
09:39
No, they said, "If you're so into kids and all this stuff,
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Ne, so rekli, "če so ti otroci tako pomembni,
09:41
how come you ain't over here on the front lines?
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kako da nisi v prvih bojnih vrstah?
09:44
Put your money where you mouth is."
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Počni to, kar predavaš."
09:48
Is true. Is true. I teach eighth-grade science four days a week.
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Res je. Res je. Sedaj učim osmošolce znanost štiri dni na teden.
09:54
Not just showing up every now and then.
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Ne samo, da se prikažem sem in tja.
09:56
No, no, no, no, no. I take attendance.
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Ne, ne, ne, ne, ne. Vsezkozi sem tam.
10:00
I take lunch hour. (Applause)
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S kosilom in vsem. (Aplavz)
10:03
This is not -- no, no, no, this is not claps.
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To ni -- ne, ne, ne, ne, to ni za ploskati.
10:06
I strongly suggest that this is a good thing for each of you to do.
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Močno svetujem, da je to dobro za vsakega med vami.
10:10
Not just show up to class every now and then.
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Ne samo da se prikažete vsake toliko.
10:12
Teach a solid week. Okay, I'm teaching three-quarters time, but good enough.
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Učite celotni teden. No ja, jaz učim tri četrtinsko, ampak to je dovolj dobro.
10:16
One of the things that I've done for my science students
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Ena stvar, ki sem jo povedal svojim učencem, je :
10:18
is to tell them, "Look, I'm going to teach you college-level physics.
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"Učil vas bom fiziko univerzitetnega nivoja.
10:21
No calculus, I'll cut out that.
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Brez integriranja in odvajanja.
10:23
You won't need to know trig.
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Ne bo vam treba poznati trigonometrije.
10:25
But you will need to know eighth-grade algebra,
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Morali pa boste znati algebro za osmošolce
10:28
and we're going to do serious experiments.
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in izvajali bomo resne eksperimente.
10:30
None of this open-to-chapter-seven-and-do-all-the-odd-problem-sets.
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Nič od tega "Odprite-knjige-na-strani-sedem-in-rešite-vsako-drugo-nalogo."
10:33
We're going to be doing genuine physics."
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Učili se bomo pravo fiziko."
10:36
And that's one of the things I thought I'd do right now.
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In to je ena stvari, ki bi jih počel sedaj.
10:38
(High-pitched tone)
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(Visok ton)
10:41
Oh, before I even turn that on,
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Oh, še predno to prižgem,
10:43
one of the things that we did about three weeks ago in my class --
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ena stvari, ki smo jo naredili pred nekje tremi tedni v mojem razredu --
10:47
this is through the lens, and one of the things we used a lens for
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to je skozi lečo, in ena izmed stvari, za katero smo uporabili lečo,
10:49
was to measure the speed of light.
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je bila meritev hitrosti svetlobe.
10:51
My students in El Cerrito -- with my help, of course,
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Moji učenci v El Cerritu -- z mojo pomočjo, seveda,
10:54
and with the help of a very beat up oscilloscope --
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in s pomočjo močno rabljenega osciloskopa,
10:57
measured the speed of light.
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so izmerili hitrost svetlobe.
10:58
We were off by 25 percent. How many eighth graders do you know of
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Zgrešili smo za 25 odstotkov. Koliko osemšolcev poznate,
11:03
who have measured the speed of light?
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ki so izmerili hitrost svetlobe?
11:05
In addition to that, we've measured the speed of sound.
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Poleg tega, smo izmerili hitrost zvoka.
11:08
I'd love to measure the speed of light here.
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Zelo rad bi tu izmeril hitrost svetlobe.
11:10
I was all set to do it and I was thinking, "Aw man,"
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Bil sem pripravljen to narediti, in sem si misli, "Ejga,"
11:12
I was just going to impose upon the powers that be,
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sklical bom sile sveta
11:15
and measure the speed of light.
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in izmeril hitrost svetlobe.
11:16
And I'm all set to do it. I'm all set to do it,
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In sem bil pripravljen. Sem pripravljen,
11:20
but then it turns out that to set up here, you have like 10 minutes to set up!
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potem pa se izkaže, da imamo tu samo 10 minut, da pripravimo zadeve!
11:24
And there's no time to do it.
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In torej ni časa, da to izpeljemo.
11:26
So, next time, maybe, I'll measure the speed of light!
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Tako da naslednjič, mogoče, bom izmeril hitrost svetlobe!
11:28
But meanwhile, let's measure the speed of sound!
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Medtem pa, izmerimo hitrost zvoka!
11:30
Well, the obvious way to measure the speed of sound
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Očitni način za meritev hitrosti zvoka
11:32
is to bounce sound off something and look at the echo.
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je, da ga odbijemo od nečesa in opazujemo odmev.
11:35
But, probably -- one of my students, Ariel [unclear], said,
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Ampak, verjetno -- eden mojih učencev, Ariel, je rekel,
11:40
"Could we measure the speed of light using the wave equation?"
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"Bi lahko izmerili hitrost svetlobe preko valovne enačbe?"
11:43
And all of you know the wave equation is
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In vsi veste, da je valovna enačba:
11:45
the frequency times the wavelength of any wave ...
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frekvenca krat valovna dolžina kateregakoli valovanja ...
11:51
is a constant. When the frequency goes up,
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je konstantna. Ko se frekvenca zviša,
11:54
the wavelength comes down. Wavelength goes up,
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se valovna dolžina skrajša. Ko se valovna dolžina podaljša,
11:57
frequency goes down. So, if we have a wave here --
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se frekveca zniža. Če imamo tu torej valovanje --
12:02
over here, that's what's interesting --
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tukaj, to je tisto zanimivo --
12:06
as the pitch goes up, things get closer,
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če se zvok viša, gredo stvari skupaj,
12:09
pitch goes down, things stretch out.
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če se zvok zniža, se stvari raztegnejo.
12:13
Right? This is simple physics.
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Ja? To je preprosta fizika.
12:15
All of you know this from eighth grade, remember?
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Vsi to poznate še z osmega razreda, se spomnite?
12:18
What they didn't tell you in physics -- in eighth-grade physics --
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Kar vam niso povedali pri fiziki -- v osmem razredu --
12:22
but they should have, and I wish they had,
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pa bi vam morali -- in želim si, da bi --
12:25
was that if you multiply the frequency times the wavelength of sound
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je to, da če zmnožite frekvenco in valovno dolžino zvoka
12:29
or light, you get a constant.
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ali svetlobe, dobite konstanto.
12:33
And that constant is the speed of sound.
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In ta konstanta je hitrost zvoka.
12:36
So, in order to measure the speed of sound,
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Da bi torej izmerili hitrost zvoka,
12:39
all I've got to do is know its frequency. Well, that's easy.
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je vse, kar rabimo vedeti, njegova frekvenca. No, to je preprosto.
12:43
I've got a frequency counter right here.
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Tu imam merilec frekvence.
12:45
Set it up to around A, above A, above A. There's an A, more or less.
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Nastavljen je nekje na A nad A nad A. To je A, več ali manj.
12:50
Now, so I know the frequency.
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Sedaj vemo njegovo frekvenco.
12:55
It's 1.76 kilohertz. I measure its wavelength.
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Je 1.76 kHz. Zmeril bom njegovo valovno dolžino.
13:00
All I need now is to flip on another beam,
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Vse kar sedaj potrebujem, je, da priključim še en žarek.
13:03
and the bottom beam is me talking, right?
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in spodnji žarek je moje govorjenje, ne?
13:06
So anytime I talk, you'd see it on the screen.
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Torej kadarkoli govorim, to vidimo na zaslonu.
13:11
I'll put it over here, and as I move this away from the source,
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To bom postavil sem, in ko se oddaljujem od vira,
13:15
you'll notice the spiral.
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boste opazili spiralo.
13:20
The slinky moves. We're going through different nodes of the wave,
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Drseče gibanje. Prehajamo med različnimi stopnjami valovanja,
13:25
coming out this way.
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ki prihaja od tu.
13:27
Those of you who are physicists, I hear you rolling your eyes,
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Tisti, ki ste fiziki, slišim vaše zavijanje z očmi,
13:29
but bear with me. (Laughter)
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ampak potrpite. (Smeh)
13:31
To measure the wavelength,
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Da bi izmerili valovno dolžino,
13:34
all I need to do is measure the distance from here --
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je vse, kar rabimo, izmeriti razdaljo od tu,
13:40
one full wave -- over to here.
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en cel val, do sem.
13:42
From here to here is the wavelength of sound.
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Od tu do tu je valovna dolžina zvoka.
13:45
So, I'll put a measuring tape here, measuring tape here, move it back over to here.
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Tu bom postavil merilo, ga pomaknil do sem.
13:53
I've moved the microphone 20 centimeters.
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Mikrofon sem premaknil za 20 centimetrov.
13:57
0.2 meters from here, back to here, 20 centimeters.
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0.2 metra od tu do sem, 20 centimetrov.
14:04
OK, let's go back to Mr. Elmo.
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OK, vrnimo se nazaj h gospodu Elmu.
14:10
And we'll say the frequency is 1.76 kilohertz, or 1760.
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In rečemo frekvenca je 1.76 kHz, ali 1760.
14:17
The wavelength was 0.2 meters.
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Valovna dolžina je 0.2 metra.
14:21
Let's figure out what this is.
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Poglejmo, koliko je to.
14:25
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh)(Aplavz)
14:33
1.76 times 0.2 over here is 352 meters per second.
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1.76 krat 0.2 tule, je 352 metrov na sekundo.
14:40
If you look it up in the book, it's really 343.
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Če preverite to v knjigi, boste videli, da je prava rešitev 343.
14:46
But, here with kludgy material, and lousy drink --
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Ampak tu z neprimernim materialom in zanič pijačo --
14:48
we've been able to measure the speed of sound to --
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smo bili zmožni izmeriti hitrost zvoka na --
14:53
not bad. Pretty good.
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Ne slabo. Precej dobro.
14:55
All of which comes to what I wanted to say.
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Kar vse skupaj privede do tega, kar sem hotel povedati.
15:00
Go back to this picture of me a million years ago.
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Pojdite nazaj na to mojo sliko milijon let nazaj.
15:05
It was 1971, the Vietnam War was going on,
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Bilo je 1971, sredi vietnamske vojne.
15:10
and I'm like, "Oh my God!"
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In jaz, "O moj Bog!"
15:13
I'm studying physics: Landau, Lipschitz, Resnick and Halliday.
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Študiram fiziko: Landau, Lipschitz, Resnick in Halliday.
15:16
I'm going home for a midterm. A riot's going on on campus.
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Vračam se domov med počitnicami. V študentskem naselju pa protesti.
15:18
There's a riot! Hey, Elmo's done: off.
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Protesti so! Hej, Elmo je končal. Ugasni se.
15:27
There's a riot going on on campus,
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V študentskem naselju so protesti.
15:29
and the police are chasing me, right?
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In policija me lovi, ne?
15:32
I'm walking across campus. Cop comes and looks at me and says,
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Hodim skozi študentsko naselje. Policaj pride in me pogleda in reče,
15:35
"You! You're a student."
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"Ti! Ti si študent."
15:37
Pulls out a gun. Goes boom!
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Izvleče puško. Bum!
15:39
And a tear gas canister the size of a Pepsi can goes by my head. Whoosh!
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Solzilec v velikosti pepsi pločevinke prileti mimo moje glave. Vuššš!
15:43
I get a breath of tear gas and I can't breathe.
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Vdihnem polna pljuča solzilca in ne morem dihati.
15:46
This cop comes after me with a rifle.
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Policaj pride za mano s puško.
15:48
He wants to clunk me over the head!
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Hoče me udariti po betici!
15:50
I'm saying, "I got to clear out of here!"
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Pravim si, "Pobegniti moram!"
15:53
I go running across campus quick as I can. I duck into Hayes Hall.
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Začnem teči čez kampus, kakor hitro lahko. Zatečem se v Hayes Hall.
15:59
It's one of these bell-tower buildings.
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To je ena od stavb z zvonikom.
16:01
The cop's chasing me.
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Policaj me zasleduje.
16:03
Chasing me up the first floor, second floor, third floor.
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Sledi mi v prvo nadstropje, drugo, tretje.
16:05
Chases me into this room.
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Prežene me v to sobo.
16:06
The entranceway to the bell tower.
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Vhod v zvonik.
16:08
I slam the door behind me, climb up,
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Zaloputnem vrata za sabo in splezam gor,
16:10
go past this place where I see a pendulum ticking.
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grem mimo prostora, kjer niha nihalo.
16:12
And I'm thinking, "Oh yeah,
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In si mislim, oh ja,
16:14
the square root of the length is proportional to its period." (Laughter)
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kvadratni koren dolžine nihala je sorazmeren nihajnem času. (Smeh)
16:17
I keep climbing up, go back.
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Še vedno plezam, grem nazaj.
16:19
I go to a place where a dowel splits off.
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Grem v prostor, kjer se os razcepi.
16:21
There's a clock, clock, clock, clock.
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Tu je ura, ura, ura, ura.
16:22
The time's going backwards because I'm inside of it.
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Čas gre nazaj, ker sem znotraj ure.
16:24
I'm thinking of Lorenz contractions and Einsteinian relativity.
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Pomislim na Lorenzove transformacije in Einsteinovo relativnost.
16:28
I climb up, and there's this place, way in the back,
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Splezam gor, in tu je ta prostor, čisto zadaj,
16:31
that you climb up this wooden ladder.
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do katerega splezaš po tej leseni lestvi.
16:33
I pop up the top, and there's a cupola.
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Odprem vrhnji pokrov in tu je kupola.
16:35
A dome, one of these ten-foot domes.
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Kupola, ena od teh trimetrskih kupol.
16:37
I'm looking out and I'm seeing the cops bashing students' heads,
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Gledam ven in vidim policaje, kako razbijajo glave študentov.
16:40
shooting tear gas, and watching students throwing bricks.
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Izstreljujejo solzivec in gledajo študente, kako mečejo opeke.
16:42
And I'm asking, "What am I doing here? Why am I here?"
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Sprašujem se, kaj počnem tu? Zakaj sem tu?
16:45
Then I remember what my English teacher in high school said.
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Potem se spomnim, kaj mi je učitelj angleščine povedal v srednji šoli.
16:48
Namely, that when they cast bells,
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Ko obesijo zvonove,
16:52
they write inscriptions on them.
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nanje zapišejo posvetila.
16:55
So, I wipe the pigeon manure off one of the bells, and I look at it.
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Z enega od zvonov tako pobrišem golobje izločke in si ga ogledam.
16:59
I'm asking myself, "Why am I here?"
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Sprašujem se, zakaj sem tu?
17:02
So, at this time, I'd like to tell you the words inscribed
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Ob tej priložnosti bi vam rad povedal zapisane besede
17:06
upon the Hayes Hall tower bells:
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na zvonu Hayes Hall zvonika:
17:10
"All truth is one.
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"Vsa resnica je eno.
17:15
In this light, may science and religion endeavor here
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V tej luči, naj se znanost in vera tu prizadevata
17:21
for the steady evolution of mankind, from darkness to light,
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za postopno evolucijo človeštva, iz teme proti svetlobi,
17:25
from narrowness to broad-mindedness, from prejudice to tolerance.
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iz ozkoglednosti do širokoglednosti, iz predsodkov do strpnosti.
17:33
It is the voice of life, which calls us to come and learn."
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Zvok življenja je tisti, ki nas kliče, da pridemo sem in se učimo."
17:41
Thank you very much.
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Najlepša hvala.
O tej spletni strani

Na tem mestu boste našli videoposnetke na YouTubu, ki so uporabni za učenje angleščine. Ogledali si boste lekcije angleščine, ki jih poučujejo vrhunski učitelji z vsega sveta. Z dvoklikom na angleške podnapise, ki so prikazani na vsaki strani z videoposnetki, lahko predvajate videoposnetek od tam. Podnapisi se pomikajo sinhronizirano s predvajanjem videoposnetka. Če imate kakršne koli pripombe ali zahteve, nam pišite prek tega obrazca za stike.

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