The call to learn | Clifford Stoll

1,292,349 views ใƒป 2008-03-27

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Moonjeong Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sun Young Kim
00:12
I'm delighted to be here.
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์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ชน์‹œ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
I'm honored by the invitation, and thanks.
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์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์˜๊ด‘์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
I would love to talk about stuff that I'm interested in,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ
00:20
but unfortunately, I suspect that what I'm interested in
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์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
00:22
won't interest many other people.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“œ๋„ค์š”.
00:25
First off, my badge says I'm an astronomer.
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์šฐ์„ , ์ œ ๋ช…์ฐฐ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€์žˆ์ฃ .
00:27
I would love to talk about my astronomy,
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”
00:29
but I suspect that the number of people who are interested in radiative transfer
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋น„ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์˜
00:32
in non-gray atmospheres
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๋ณต์‚ฌ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜
00:34
and polarization of light in Jupiter's upper atmosphere
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์ฃผํ”ผํ„ฐ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด‘์„ ํŽธ๊ด‘์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค ํ•ฉ์ณ๋ดค์ž
00:36
are the number of people who'd fit in a bus shelter.
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๋ฒ„์Šค ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋‚˜ ๋ ์ง€ ์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋„ค์š”
00:38
So I'm not going to talk about that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•ˆํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:42
It would be just as much fun
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ•ด์ปค๊ฐ€
00:44
to talk about some stuff that happened in 1986 and 1987,
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๋กœ๋ Œ์Šค ๋ฒ„ํด๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์นจ์ž…ํ–ˆ๋˜
00:47
when a computer hacker is breaking into our systems
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1986๋…„๊ณผ 1987๋…„์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:50
over at Lawrence Berkeley Labs.
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๊ฝค ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ๋“ฏ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
And I caught the guys,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ปค๋“ค์„ ์žก์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:54
and they turned out to be working for what was then the Soviet KGB,
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋‹น์‹œ ์†Œ๋น„์—ํŠธ KGB์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ
00:58
and stealing information and selling it.
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ํ›”์นœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:00
And I'd love to talk about that -- and it'd be fun --
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”. ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
01:04
but, 20 years later ...
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, 20๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ
01:07
I find computer security, frankly, to be kind of boring.
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์†”์งํžˆ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ณด์•ˆ์€ ์ข€ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋А๋‚Œ์ด ๋“œ๋„ค์š”.
01:09
It's tedious.
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๋”ฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:11
I'm --
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์ „--
01:12
The first time you do something, it's science.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ณผํ•™์ด ๋˜์ฃ 
01:16
The second time, it's engineering.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋” ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ด์ฃ 
01:19
A third time, it's just being a technician.
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:22
I'm a scientist. Once I do something, I do something else.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ•˜๊ณ ๋‚˜์„  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑธ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:25
So, I'm not going to talk about that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”
01:27
Nor am I going to talk about what I think are obvious statements from my first book,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ด ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฑ… ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ์Šค๋„ค์ดํฌ ์˜ค์ผ์ด๋‚˜
01:34
"Silicon Snake Oil," or my second book,
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์ œ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฑ…์— ์‹ค๋ฆฐ ๋ป”ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋“ค๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
01:38
nor am I going to talk about
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:40
why I believe computers don't belong in schools.
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ํ•™๊ต์— ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
I feel that there's a massive and bizarre idea going around
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ณ  ๊ดด์ƒ๋ง์ธกํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฏ ํ•œ๋ฐ
01:47
that we have to bring more computers into schools.
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ํ•™๊ต์— ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์—ฌ๋†”์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:51
My idea is: no! No!
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€: "๋ฐ˜๋Œ€! ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€!" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
Get them out of schools, and keep them out of schools.
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋†“์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ๋ผ์š”.
01:57
And I'd love to talk about this,
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ •๋ง ํ•˜๊ณ ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
01:59
but I think the argument is so obvious to anyone who's hung around a fourth grade classroom
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์ด ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ์ดˆ๋“ฑ 4ํ•™๋…„ ๊ต์‹ค์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ป”ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:04
that it doesn't need much talking about --
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๋ณ„๋กœ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
02:08
but I guess I may be very wrong about that,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
02:10
and everything else that I've said.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋งˆ ํ‹€๋ ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”,
02:11
So don't go back and read my dissertation.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์…”์„œ ์ œ ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ณด์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
02:13
It probably has lies in it as well.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:15
Having said that, I outlined my talk about five minutes ago.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ 5๋ถ„ ์ „์ฏค ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ์œค๊ณฝ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ดค์–ด์š”.
02:19
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:22
And if you look at it over here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
02:24
the main thing I wrote on my thumb was the future.
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์ œ ์—„์ง€์— ์ ํžŒ, ์ฃผ์š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง€์š”.
02:27
I'm supposed to talk about the future, yes?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋œ ๊ฑฐ ๋งž์ฃ ?
02:30
Oh, right. And my feeling is, asking me to talk about the future is bizarre,
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๋„ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
02:37
because I've got gray hair,
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์ œ ํฐ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:39
and so, it's kind of silly for me to talk about the future.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ฐ€๋‹น์ฐฎ์ฃ .
02:45
In fact, I think that if you really want to know what the future's going to be,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ์ง€ ์ •๋ง ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:49
if you really want to know about the future,
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:51
don't ask a technologist, a scientist, a physicist.
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๊ณตํ•™์ž๋‚˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
02:55
No! Don't ask somebody who's writing code.
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์•ˆ๋ผ์š”! ์ฝ”๋“œ๋‚˜ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒํ•œํ… ๋ฌป์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
03:02
No, if you want to know what society's going to be like in 20 years,
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20๋…„ ํ›„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ์ง€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:07
ask a kindergarten teacher.
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์œ ์น˜์› ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์—ฌ์ญค๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:09
They know.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์•Œ์•„์š”.
03:12
In fact, don't ask just any kindergarten teacher,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์œ ์น˜์› ๊ต์‚ฌ ์•„๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ถ™์žก๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ ์š”,
03:15
ask an experienced one.
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๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ์ญค๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:17
They're the ones who know what society is going to be like in another generation.
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๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ 
03:21
I don't. Nor, I suspect,
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์ „ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”
03:23
do many other people who are talking about what the future will bring.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
03:26
Certainly, all of us can imagine these cool new things
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„
03:30
that are going to be there.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:31
But to me, things aren't the future.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—”, ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
03:35
What I ask myself is, what's society is going to be like,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
when the kids today are phenomenally good at text messaging
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ด์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๊ณ 
03:44
and spend a huge amount of on-screen time,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—„์ฒญ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„
03:47
but have never gone bowling together?
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณผ๋ง์น˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:53
Change is happening, and the change that is happening
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์€
03:56
is not one that is in software.
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์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
03:59
But that's not what I'm going to talk about.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ 
04:00
I'd love to talk about it, it'd be fun,
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ . ์žฌ๋ฐŒ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
04:03
but I want to talk about what I'm doing now. What am I doing now?
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
04:06
Oh -- the other thing that I think I'd like to talk about
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์•„- ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒŒ
04:08
is right over here. Right over here.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ.
04:12
Is that visible? What I'd like to talk about is one-sided things.
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์ž˜ ๋ณด์ด์„ธ์š”? ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฉด์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
I would dearly love to talk about
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์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
04:20
things that have one side.
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๋ฉด์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
04:23
Because I love Mobius loops. I not only love Mobius loops,
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๋ซผ๋น„์šฐ์Šค์˜ ๋ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . ์ €๋Š” ๋ซผ๋น„์šฐ์Šค์˜ ๋ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:27
but I'm one of the very few people,
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์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”
04:30
if not the only person in the world, that makes Klein bottles.
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์•„๋‹ˆ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํด๋ผ์ธ์˜ ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
Right away, I hope that all of your eyes glaze over.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ํ๋ ค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”
04:36
This is a Klein bottle.
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์ด ํด๋ผ์ธ์˜ ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
For those of you in the audience who know,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์€,
04:42
you roll your eyes and say, yup, I know all about it.
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๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ตด๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ , ์‘. ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์•Œ์ง€!
04:44
It's one sided. It's a bottle whose inside is its outside.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ•œ ๋ฉด ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์–ด์š”. ๋ณ‘์˜ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
04:46
It has zero volume. And it's non-orientable.
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๋ถ€ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ ์š”, ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
04:49
It has wonderful properties.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:51
If you take two Mobius loops and sew their common edge together,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ซผ๋น„์šฐ์Šค์˜ ๋ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด,
04:53
you get one of these, and I make them out of glass.
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์—์š”, ์ €๋Š” ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์—์š”.
04:56
And I'd love to talk to you about this,
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์ „ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
04:58
but I don't have much in the way of ... things to say because --
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์ €๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์–ด์š” ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด --
05:04
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:06
(Chris Anderson: I've got a cold.)
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(ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.)
05:07
However, the "D" in TED of course stands for design.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ TED์˜ D๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋œปํ•˜์ฃ .
05:14
Just two weeks ago I made --
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2์ฃผ ์ „์— --
05:16
you know, I've been making small, medium and big Klein bottles for the trade.
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์Œ..์ €๋Š” ์†Œํ˜•, ์ค‘ํ˜• ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ˜•์˜ ํด๋ผ์ธ ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์™”์–ด์š”.
05:22
But what I've just made --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ง‰ ๋งŒ๋“ ๊ฑด,
05:26
and I'm delighted to show you, first time in public here.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ป์š”, ๊ณต๊ฐœ์„์ƒ์—์„  ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:35
This is a Klein bottle wine bottle,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํด๋ผ์ธ ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ์™€์ธ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
which, although in four dimensions
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๋น„๋ก 4์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋Š”
05:43
it shouldn't be able to hold any fluid at all,
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์•ก์ฒด๋„ ๋‹ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
05:46
it's perfectly capable of doing so
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
05:48
because our universe has only three spatial dimensions.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ 3์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
05:50
And because our universe is only three spatial dimensions,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ 3์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
05:53
it can hold fluids.
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์ด ๋ณ‘์— ์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:56
So it's highly -- that one's the cool one.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ชน์‹œ -- ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด์ฃ .
06:01
That was a month of my life.
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ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์„ ๊ผฌ๋ฐ• ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์ฃ .
06:06
But although I would love to talk about topology with you, I'm not going to.
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์œ„์ƒ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:17
Instead, I'm going to mention my mom,
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๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ์ €ํฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ• ๊ป˜์š”.
06:22
who passed away last summer.
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์ง€๋‚œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
06:25
Had collected photographs of me, as mothers will do.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ชจ์œผ์…จ์ฃ .
06:28
Could somebody put this guy up?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ ์ข€ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
06:30
And I looked over her album
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์•จ๋ฒ”์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
06:34
and she had collected a picture of me, standing --
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์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ํ•œ ์žฅ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”,
06:37
well, sitting -- in 1969, in front of a bunch of dials.
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1969๋…„์— ์ฐ์€, ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค์ด์–ผ ์•ž์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์ฃ .
06:42
And I looked at it, and said, oh my god,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ , ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, '๋ง™์†Œ์‚ฌ,'
06:45
that was me, when I was working at the electronic music studio!
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ž์Œ์•… ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์–ด์š”.
06:47
As a technician, repairing and maintaining
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋กœ์„œ, ๋‰ด์š•์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ ๋ฒ„ํŒ”๋กœ ์บ ํผ์Šค์˜
06:51
the electronic music studio at SUNY Buffalo. And wow!
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์ „์ž์Œ์•… ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™€์šฐ!
06:55
Way back machine. And I said to myself, oh yeah!
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๊ตฌ์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ฃ . ์ „ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , ์˜ค ์˜ˆ!
07:01
And it sent me back.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:05
Soon after that, I found in another picture that she had, a picture of me.
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๊ณง ์ด์–ด, ์ €๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ €์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
07:13
This guy over here of course is me.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €์ด๊ณ ์š”.
07:17
This man is Robert Moog,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ชจ๊ทธ์—์š”,
07:19
the inventor of the Moog synthesizer,
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๋ชจ๊ทธ ์‹ ๋””์‚ฌ์ด์ €(์ „์ž์Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์žฅ์น˜) ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ณ ์š”,
07:21
who passed away this past August.
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์ž‘๋…„ 8์›”์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์…จ์–ด์š”.
07:26
Robert Moog was a generous, kind person, extraordinarily competent engineer.
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๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ชจ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณตํ•™์ž์˜€์ฃ .
07:31
A musician who took time from his life to teach me,
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๋‰ด์š•์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ ๋ฒ„ํŒ”๋กœ ์บ ํผ์Šค์˜ 1, 2ํ•™๋…„ ๋•Œ
07:37
a sophomore, a freshman at SUNY Buffalo.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ค€ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€์˜€์–ด์š”.
07:40
He'd come up from Trumansburg to teach me
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ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋งŒ์Šค๋ฒ„๊ทธ์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™”์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
07:45
not just about the Moog synthesizer, but we'd be sitting there --
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๋ชจ๊ทธ ์‹ ๋””์‚ฌ์ด์ €์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•‰์•„์„œ --
07:49
I'm studying physics at the time. This is 1969, 70, 71.
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1969๋…„ 70๋…„ 71๋…„๋ฌด๋ ต, ์ €๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:52
We're studying physics, I'm studying physics,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ €๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:54
and he's saying, "That's a good thing to do.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๊ฑธ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด.
07:56
Don't get caught up in electronic music if you're doing physics."
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ „์ž์Œ์•…์— ๋น ์ง€์ง€ ๋ง๊ฒŒ."
07:58
Mentoring me. He'd come up and
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์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:01
spend hours and hours with me.
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์ €์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
08:05
He wrote a letter of recommendation for me to get into graduate school.
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๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ์—” ์ถ”์ฒœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์จ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:08
In the background, my bicycle.
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๋’ค์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด, ์ œ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
08:10
I realize that this picture was taken at a friend's living room.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ง‘์˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
08:13
Bob Moog came by and hauled a whole pile of equipment
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๋ฐฅ ๋ชจ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ๊ทธ ํ”Œ๋ฆฐํŠธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ 
08:16
to show Greg Flint and I things about this.
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์žฅ์น˜ ๊พธ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์™”๋˜, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
08:18
We sat around talking about Fourier transforms,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์•‰์•„ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ณผ
08:20
Bessel functions, modulation transfer functions,
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๋ฒ ์…€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜, ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ „์†ก ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
08:23
stuff like this.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:28
Bob's passing this past summer has been a loss to all of us.
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๋ฐฅ์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ์ €์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์ƒ์‹ฌ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:31
Anyone who's a musician has been profoundly influenced by Robert Moog.
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๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ชจ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ....
08:36
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:38
And I'll just say what I'm about to do. What I'm about to do --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋งํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ --
08:43
I hope you can recognize that there's a distorted sine wave,
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์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ผ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ์‚ฌ์ธ ํŒŒ๋™์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
almost a triangular wave upon this Hewlett-Packard oscilloscope.
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์ด HP ์˜ค์‹ค๋กœ์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„์—์„  ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ํŒŒ๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
08:53
Oh, cool. I can get to this place over here, right?
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์˜ค ๋ฉ‹์ ธ์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
08:58
Kids. Kids is what I'm going to talk about -- is that okay?
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์•„์ด๋“ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด์—์š”. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ฃ ?
09:00
It says kids over here, that's what I'd like to talk about.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด 'Kids(์•„์ด๋“ค)' ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:04
I've decided that, for me at least,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
09:08
I don't have a big enough head.
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์ €๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
09:13
So I think locally and I act locally.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์š”.
09:16
I feel that the best way I can help out anything is to help out very, very locally.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€, ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
09:20
So Ph.D. this, and degree there, and the yadda yadda.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ xxํ•™ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ, xx์—์„œ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด์ฉŒ๊ตฌ ์ €์ฉŒ๊ตฌ.
09:25
I was talking about this stuff to
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1๋…„ ์ „์ฏค์—, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
09:29
some schoolteachers about a year ago.
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์–ด๋–ค ํ•™๊ต ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:31
And one of them, several of them would come up to me and say,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์— ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ด, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์— ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,
09:33
"Well, how come you ain't teaching?"
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"์Œ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”?"
09:35
And I said, "Well, I've taught graduate --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , "๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ €๋Š”
09:36
I've had graduate students, I've taught undergraduate classes."
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์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๊ณ ์š”, ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์–ด์š”."
09:39
No, they said, "If you're so into kids and all this stuff,
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"์•„๋‹ˆ์š”", ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , "๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์• ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด ์ผ์— ์ •๋ง ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:41
how come you ain't over here on the front lines?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•ž์— ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
09:44
Put your money where you mouth is."
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋ž€ ๋ง์ด์—์š”."
09:48
Is true. Is true. I teach eighth-grade science four days a week.
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๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์ด์—์š”. ์ €๋Š” ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— 4๋ฒˆ, 8ํ•™๋…„ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์š”.
09:54
Not just showing up every now and then.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
09:56
No, no, no, no, no. I take attendance.
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์•„๋‡จ, ์•„๋‡จ, ์•„๋‡จ, ์•„๋‡จ, ์•„๋‡จ. ์ „ ์ถœ์„์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์š”.
10:00
I take lunch hour. (Applause)
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์ ์‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ตฌ์š”. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:03
This is not -- no, no, no, this is not claps.
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์ด๊ฑด -- ์•„๋‡จ ์•„๋‡จ ์•„๋‡จ, ์ด๊ฑด ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์น  ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
I strongly suggest that this is a good thing for each of you to do.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๊ฑด๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฑด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ํ•œ๋ถ„ํ•œ๋ถ„์ด ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
10:10
Not just show up to class every now and then.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
10:12
Teach a solid week. Okay, I'm teaching three-quarters time, but good enough.
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์š”. ๋„ค, ์ €๋Š” 3/4 ์ •๋„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ด์š”.
10:16
One of the things that I've done for my science students
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์ €์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”,
10:18
is to tell them, "Look, I'm going to teach you college-level physics.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ . "์–˜๋“ค์•„ ๋‚œ ๋„ˆํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
10:21
No calculus, I'll cut out that.
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๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„ํ•™ ํ•„์š” ์—†๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ .
10:23
You won't need to know trig.
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์‚ผ๊ฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„ ๋ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
10:25
But you will need to know eighth-grade algebra,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 8ํ•™๋…„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ตฌ,
10:28
and we're going to do serious experiments.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์„ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
10:30
None of this open-to-chapter-seven-and-do-all-the-odd-problem-sets.
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"7์žฅ์„ ํŽด๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™€์ˆ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด์š”"๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ..
10:33
We're going to be doing genuine physics."
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ."
10:36
And that's one of the things I thought I'd do right now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์š”.
10:38
(High-pitched tone)
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(๊ณ ์Œ์˜ ํ†ค)
10:41
Oh, before I even turn that on,
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์˜ค, ์ €๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผœ๊ธฐ ์ „์—,
10:43
one of the things that we did about three weeks ago in my class --
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์•ฝ 3์ฃผ์ „์— ์ €์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ  --
10:47
this is through the lens, and one of the things we used a lens for
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
10:49
was to measure the speed of light.
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๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ฃ .
10:51
My students in El Cerrito -- with my help, of course,
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์—˜ ์„ธ๋ฆฌํ† ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์ด -- ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™”์ฃ ,
10:54
and with the help of a very beat up oscilloscope --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ก์€ ์˜ค์‹ค๋กœ์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ,
10:57
measured the speed of light.
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๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:58
We were off by 25 percent. How many eighth graders do you know of
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25% ์ •๋„์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 8ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘์—
11:03
who have measured the speed of light?
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๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
11:05
In addition to that, we've measured the speed of sound.
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:08
I'd love to measure the speed of light here.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
11:10
I was all set to do it and I was thinking, "Aw man,"
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ , "์˜ค, ์ด๋Ÿฐ,"
11:12
I was just going to impose upon the powers that be,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์„œ
11:15
and measure the speed of light.
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๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:16
And I'm all set to do it. I'm all set to do it,
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์ „ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค์–ด์š”. ์ „ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค์ฃ ,
11:20
but then it turns out that to set up here, you have like 10 minutes to set up!
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ 10๋ถ„ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
11:24
And there's no time to do it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋งŒํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์—†์ฃ .
11:26
So, next time, maybe, I'll measure the speed of light!
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์•„๋งˆ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒˆ์—, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.
11:28
But meanwhile, let's measure the speed of sound!
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”, ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ด์š”!
11:30
Well, the obvious way to measure the speed of sound
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์Œ, ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
11:32
is to bounce sound off something and look at the echo.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํŠ•๊ฒจ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฉ”์•„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:35
But, probably -- one of my students, Ariel [unclear], said,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋งˆ -- ์ €์˜ ์ œ์ž ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ธ, ์—์–ด๋ฆฌ์–ผ์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์„๊ฑฐ์—์š”,
11:40
"Could we measure the speed of light using the wave equation?"
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"ํŒŒ๋™ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆœ ์—†๋‚˜์š”?"
11:43
And all of you know the wave equation is
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํŒŒ๋™๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€:
11:45
the frequency times the wavelength of any wave ...
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์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ผ๋„, ์ง„๋™๊ณผ ํŒŒ์žฅ์„ ๊ณฑํ•˜๋ฉด
11:51
is a constant. When the frequency goes up,
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์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
11:54
the wavelength comes down. Wavelength goes up,
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ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์ฃ . ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
11:57
frequency goes down. So, if we have a wave here --
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์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋™์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด --
12:02
over here, that's what's interesting --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ , ์ด๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:06
as the pitch goes up, things get closer,
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์Œ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ์ข์•„์ง€์ฃ ,
12:09
pitch goes down, things stretch out.
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์Œ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ๋„“์–ด์ง€๊ณ ์š”.
12:13
Right? This is simple physics.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์ด๊ฑด์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์—์š”.
12:15
All of you know this from eighth grade, remember?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ 8ํ•™๋…„ ๋•Œ์— ๋ฐฐ์šด๊ฑฐ์—์š”, ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
12:18
What they didn't tell you in physics -- in eighth-grade physics --
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8ํ•™๋…„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์€,
12:22
but they should have, and I wish they had,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  -- ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ธธ ์†Œ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ --
12:25
was that if you multiply the frequency times the wavelength of sound
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๋น›์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ํŒŒ์žฅ์„ ๊ณฑํ•˜๋ฉด
12:29
or light, you get a constant.
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์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’(์ƒ์ˆ˜) ์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์—์š”.
12:33
And that constant is the speed of sound.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†๋„์—์š”.
12:36
So, in order to measure the speed of sound,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ,
12:39
all I've got to do is know its frequency. Well, that's easy.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ . ์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‰ฌ์›Œ์š”.
12:43
I've got a frequency counter right here.
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์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:45
Set it up to around A, above A, above A. There's an A, more or less.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ A ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—, A ์œ„๋กœ, A ์œ„๋กœ ๋งž์ถฐ์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ A์—์š”, ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
12:50
Now, so I know the frequency.
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์„ ์•Œ์•„์š”.
12:55
It's 1.76 kilohertz. I measure its wavelength.
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1.76 ํ‚ฌ๋กœํ—ค๋ฅด์ธ ์ด๊ณ ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•ด์š”.
13:00
All I need now is to flip on another beam,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „ํŒŒ์„ ์„ ์‚ด์ง ์ผœ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ์š”,
13:03
and the bottom beam is me talking, right?
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์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ์„ ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
13:06
So anytime I talk, you'd see it on the screen.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ™”๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์š”.
13:11
I'll put it over here, and as I move this away from the source,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋†“์„๊ฒŒ์š”, ๋ฐœ์›์ง€์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:15
you'll notice the spiral.
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๋‚˜์„ ํ˜•์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
13:20
The slinky moves. We're going through different nodes of the wave,
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์‚ด๊ธˆ์‚ด๊ธˆ ์›€์ง์ด์ฃ . ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํŒŒ๋™๋„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด์ฃ .
13:25
coming out this way.
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์ด์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
13:27
Those of you who are physicists, I hear you rolling your eyes,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์— ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ด์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ตด๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋ฉฐ
13:29
but bear with me. (Laughter)
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
13:31
To measure the wavelength,
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ํŒŒ์žฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด,
13:34
all I need to do is measure the distance from here --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
13:40
one full wave -- over to here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€, ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์˜ ํŒŒ๋™๋งŒํผ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
13:42
From here to here is the wavelength of sound.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด์—์š”.
13:45
So, I'll put a measuring tape here, measuring tape here, move it back over to here.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์ž๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋†“๊ณ ์š”, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๋†“๊ณ ์š”, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๋†“์„๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
13:53
I've moved the microphone 20 centimeters.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ 20์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •๋„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
13:57
0.2 meters from here, back to here, 20 centimeters.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€, 0.2๋ฏธํ„ฐ, ์ฆ‰ 20์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์—์š”.
14:04
OK, let's go back to Mr. Elmo.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ ์—˜๋ชจ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ฃ .
14:10
And we'll say the frequency is 1.76 kilohertz, or 1760.
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์ง„๋™์€ 1.76 ํ‚ฌ๋กœํ—ค๋ฅด์ธ ์—์š”, ํ˜น์€ 1760 ํ—ค๋ฅด์ธ ์ฃ .
14:17
The wavelength was 0.2 meters.
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ํŒŒ์žฅ์€ 0.2 ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
14:21
Let's figure out what this is.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
14:25
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:33
1.76 times 0.2 over here is 352 meters per second.
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1.76 ์™€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— 0.2๋ฅผ ๊ณฑํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ดˆ๋‹น 352 ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋„ค์š”.
14:40
If you look it up in the book, it's really 343.
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์ฑ…์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” 343์ด ๋‚˜์™€์š”.
14:46
But, here with kludgy material, and lousy drink --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์–ด์ˆ˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณณ์—์„œ --
14:48
we've been able to measure the speed of sound to --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ --
14:53
not bad. Pretty good.
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๋‚˜์˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ๊ฝค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
14:55
All of which comes to what I wanted to say.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค์ฃ .
15:00
Go back to this picture of me a million years ago.
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๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋…„์ „์˜ ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
15:05
It was 1971, the Vietnam War was going on,
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1971๋…„์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”, ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์–ด์š”,
15:10
and I'm like, "Oh my God!"
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜, "์˜ค ๋ง™์†Œ์‚ฌ!"
15:13
I'm studying physics: Landau, Lipschitz, Resnick and Halliday.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š” : ๋žœ๋„, ๋ฆฝ์‰ฌ์ฏ”, ๋ ˆ์Šค๋‹‰ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ• ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:16
I'm going home for a midterm. A riot's going on on campus.
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์ €๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ณ ์‚ฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์บ ํผ์Šค์—” ํญ๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
15:18
There's a riot! Hey, Elmo's done: off.
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ํญ๋™์ด๋‹ค! ์ด๋ด. ์—˜๋ชจ๋Š” ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด. ๋.
15:27
There's a riot going on on campus,
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์บ ํผ์Šค์— ํญ๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
15:29
and the police are chasing me, right?
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๋“ค์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ซ“์•„์™€์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
15:32
I'm walking across campus. Cop comes and looks at me and says,
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์ €๋Š” ์บ ํผ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์™€์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์š”,
15:35
"You! You're a student."
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"๋„ˆ! ๋„ˆ ํ•™์ƒ์ด์ง€."
15:37
Pulls out a gun. Goes boom!
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์ด์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด์„œ. ๋นต!
15:39
And a tear gas canister the size of a Pepsi can goes by my head. Whoosh!
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ํŽฉ์‹œ ์ฝœ๋ผ์บ” ๊ฐ™์€ ์ตœ๋ฃจํƒ„ ๊นกํ†ต์ด ์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์™€์„œ๋Š”, ํœ™!
15:43
I get a breath of tear gas and I can't breathe.
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์ตœ๋ฃจํƒ„ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ , ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
15:46
This cop comes after me with a rifle.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ์ž๋™์†Œ์ด์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ €๋ฅผ ์ซ“์•„์™€์š”.
15:48
He wants to clunk me over the head!
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ด์š”!
15:50
I'm saying, "I got to clear out of here!"
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์ €๋Š” ๋งํ•ด์š”, "์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด!"
15:53
I go running across campus quick as I can. I duck into Hayes Hall.
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์ €๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์บ ํผ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์š”. ์ €๋Š” ํ—ค์ด์Šค ํ™€์— ์ˆจ์–ด์š”.
15:59
It's one of these bell-tower buildings.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…ํƒ‘ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์š”.
16:01
The cop's chasing me.
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ์ซ“๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
16:03
Chasing me up the first floor, second floor, third floor.
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1์ธต, 2์ธต, 3์ธต๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ซ“์•„ ์˜ค๊ณ 
16:05
Chases me into this room.
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ซ“์•„์˜ค์ฃ .
16:06
The entranceway to the bell tower.
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์ข…ํƒ‘์˜ ์ถœ์ž…๊ตฌ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
16:08
I slam the door behind me, climb up,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๊ณ , ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์š”,
16:10
go past this place where I see a pendulum ticking.
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์‹œ๊ณ„์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๋”ฑ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜์š”.
16:12
And I'm thinking, "Oh yeah,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜ ๋งž์•„,
16:14
the square root of the length is proportional to its period." (Laughter)
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๊ธธ์ด์˜ ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•ด. (์›ƒ์Œ)
16:17
I keep climbing up, go back.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณ„์† ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์š”.
16:19
I go to a place where a dowel splits off.
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์ €๋Š” ๋งž์ถค๋ชป์ด ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์š”.
16:21
There's a clock, clock, clock, clock.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‹œ๊ณ„, ์‹œ๊ณ„, ์‹œ๊ณ„, ์‹œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
16:22
The time's going backwards because I'm inside of it.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์š”, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณ„ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:24
I'm thinking of Lorenz contractions and Einsteinian relativity.
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์ €๋Š” ๋กœ๋ Œ์ฆˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
16:28
I climb up, and there's this place, way in the back,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”, ๊ทธ ๋’ท์ชฝ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
16:31
that you climb up this wooden ladder.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
16:33
I pop up the top, and there's a cupola.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ”๊ณ ์š”, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—” ํํด๋ผ(๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ์ง€๋ถ•์œ„์˜ ํƒ‘) ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
16:35
A dome, one of these ten-foot domes.
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๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ์ง€๋ถ•, 3 ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ์ง€๋ถ•๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ .
16:37
I'm looking out and I'm seeing the cops bashing students' heads,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ–์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ค ๋ณด๊ตฌ์š”, ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ,
16:40
shooting tear gas, and watching students throwing bricks.
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์ตœ๋ฃจํƒ„์„ ์˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์„ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•„์š”.
16:42
And I'm asking, "What am I doing here? Why am I here?"
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ฌป์ฃ , ๋‚œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ง€? ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์ง€?
16:45
Then I remember what my English teacher in high school said.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์…จ๋˜ ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์š”.
16:48
Namely, that when they cast bells,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ์ข…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ,
16:52
they write inscriptions on them.
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์ข…์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
16:55
So, I wipe the pigeon manure off one of the bells, and I look at it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ข…์—์„œ ๋น„๋‘˜๊ธฐ ๋˜ฅ์„ ๋–ผ ๋‚ด์–ด์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์•„์š”.
16:59
I'm asking myself, "Why am I here?"
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์ €๋Š” ์ € ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป์ฃ , ๋‚˜๋Š” ์™œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์ง€?
17:02
So, at this time, I'd like to tell you the words inscribed
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ €๋Š” ํ—ค์ผ๋ฆฌ ํ™€์˜ ์ข…ํƒ‘์—
17:06
upon the Hayes Hall tower bells:
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์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋งํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ ํ•ด์š”:
17:10
"All truth is one.
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"๋ชจ๋“  ์ง„์‹ค์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹ค.
17:15
In this light, may science and religion endeavor here
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ์ข…๊ต๋Š”
17:21
for the steady evolution of mankind, from darkness to light,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์–ด๋‘ ์—์„œ ๋น›์œผ๋กœ,
17:25
from narrowness to broad-mindedness, from prejudice to tolerance.
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ํŽธํ˜‘ํ•จ์—์„œ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ, ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์—์„œ ์ธ๋‚ด๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค.
17:33
It is the voice of life, which calls us to come and learn."
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
17:41
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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