Bran Ferren: To create for the ages, let's combine art and engineering

Translator: Andreja Benčina Reviewer: Nika Kotnik

Good morning.

Dobro jutro.

When I was a little boy,

Ko sem bil še otrok,

I had an experience that changed my life,

mi je izkušnja spremenila življenje

and is in fact why I'm here today.

in je razlog zakaj sem danes tukaj.

That one moment

En sam trenutek

profoundly affected how I think about

je globoko zaznamoval moje razmišljanje

art, design and engineering.

o umetnosti, oblikovanju in strojništvu.

As background, I was fortunate enough to grow up

Imel sem srečo, da sem odrastel

in a family of loving and talented artists

v družini ljubečih in nadarjenih umetnikov,

in one of the world's great cities.

v enem od največjih svetovnih mest.

My dad, John Ferren, who died when I was 15,

Moj oče, John Ferren, ki je umrl, ko sem imel 15 let

was an artist by both passion and profession,

je bil strasten poklicni umetnik,

as is my mom, Rae.

tako kot je moja mama, Rae.

He was one of the New York School

Pripadal je newyorški šoli

abstract expressionists who,

abstraktnih ekspresionistov, ki je

together with his contemporaries,

skupaj s svojimi sodobniki

invented American modern art,

izumil Ameriško moderno umetnost

and contributed to moving the American zeitgeist

in prispeval k premiku ameriškega duha časa

towards modernism in the 20th century.

proti modernizmu dvajsetega stoletja.

Isn't it remarkable that, after thousands of years

Ali ni osupljivo, da je po tisočletjih

of people doing mostly representational art,

pretežno upodabljajoče umetnosti

that modern art, comparatively speaking,

sodobna umetnost, primerjalno rečeno,

is about 15 minutes old,

stara le 15 minut,

yet now pervasive.

a je hkrati danes prevladujoča.

As with many other important innovations,

Kot je značilno za pomembne inovacije,

those radical ideas required no new technology,

tudi te radikalne ideje niso zahtevale nove tehnologije,

just fresh thinking and a willingness to experiment,

samo sveže razmišljanje in pripravljenost za eksperimentiranje,

plus resiliency in the face of near-universal criticism

vključno z odpornostjo na skoraj vseprisotno kritiko

and rejection.

in zavračanje.

In our home, art was everywhere.

Pri nas doma je bila umetnost povsod.

It was like oxygen,

Bila je kot zrak

around us and necessary for life.

okrog nas in nujna za življenje.

As I watched him paint,

Ko sem opazoval očeta slikati,

Dad taught me that art

me je naučil, da bistvo umetnosti

was not about being decorative,

ni v krašenju,

but was a different way of communicating ideas,

ampak v drugačni obliki sporočanja idej.

and in fact one that could bridge the worlds

Taki, ki lahko premošča razlike med svetovi

of knowledge and insight.

znanja in intuicije.

Given this rich artistic environment,

Spričo tako bogatega umetniškega okolja

you'd assume that I would have been compelled

bi pričakovali, da me bo vleklo

to go into the family business,

v družinski posel,

but no.

ampak ne.

I followed the path of most kids

Šel sem po poti večine otrok,

who are genetically programmed

ki so genetsko naravnani,

to make their parents crazy.

da svoje starše spravljajo na rob pameti.

I had no interest in becoming an artist,

Umetniški poklic me ni zanimal,

certainly not a painter.

še posebno ne slikarstvo.

What I did love was electronics and machines --

Rad sem imel elektroniko in naprave -

taking them apart, building new ones,

razstavljanje in gradnja novih,

and making them work.

in kako jih pripraviti do delovanja.

Fortunately, my family also had engineers in it,

Na srečo smo v družini imeli tudi inženirje

and with my parents,

in skupaj z mojimi starši

these were my first role models.

so bili moji prvi vzorniki.

What they all had in common

Vsem je bilo skupno,

was they worked very, very hard.

da so trdo, trdo delali.

My grandpa owned and operated a sheet metal

Moj dedek je imel v lasti tovarno

kitchen cabinet factory in Brooklyn.

za izdelavo kovinskih kuhinjskih omaric v Brooklynu.

On weekends, we would go together to Cortlandt Street,

Za vikende me je peljal na ulico Cortland Street,

which was New York City's radio row.

tedaj newyorško ulico radijskih postaj.

There we would explore massive piles

Tam sva brskala po ogromnih kupih

of surplus electronics,

zavržene elektronike

and for a few bucks bring home treasures

in za nekaj pičlih dolarjev domov nosila zaklade,

like Norden bombsights

kot je naprava za metanje bomb

and parts from the first IBM tube-based computers.

in dele prvega IBM računalnika.

I found these objects both useful and fascinating.

Ti predmeti so mi bili tako uporabni kot zanimivi.

I learned about engineering and how things worked,

Strojništva in kako stvari delujejo se nisem

not at school

naučil v šoli

but by taking apart and studying

ampak z razstavljanjem in preučevanjem

these fabulously complex devices.

teh čudovito zapletenih naprav.

I did this for hours every day,

To sem počel ure vsak dan,

apparently avoiding electrocution.

in se izogibal smrti zaradi električnega šoka.

Life was good.

Življenje je bilo lepo.

However, every summer, sadly,

Toda na žalost so vsako poletje

the machines got left behind

naprave ostale doma,

while my parents and I traveled overseas

ko sem s starši odpotoval čez lužo

to experience history, art and design.

na spoznavanje zgodovine, umetnosti in oblikovanja.

We visited the great museums and historic buildings

Obiskovali smo velike muzeje in zgodovinske zgradbe

of both Europe and the Middle East,

tako po Evropi kot Bližnjem Vzhodu.

but to encourage my growing interest

Da pa bi gojila moje rastoče zanimanje

in science and technology,

za znanost in tehnologijo,

they would simply drop me off in places

sta me starša puščala na različnih krajih

like the London Science Museum,

kot je londonski Muzej znanosti.

where I would wander endlessly for hours by myself

Tam sem cele ure taval sam

studying the history of science and technology.

in preučeval zgodovino znanosti in tehnologije.

Then, when I was about nine years old,

Ko pa sem bil star dobrih devet let,

we went to Rome.

smo šli v Rim.

On one particularly hot summer day,

Na nek posebno vroč poletni dan

we visited a drum-shaped building that from the outside

smo obiskali krožno zgradbo, ki na zunaj

was not particularly interesting.

ni bila posebno zanimiva.

My dad said it was called the Pantheon,

Oče je dejal, da se imenuje Panteon,

a temple for all of the gods.

tempelj posvečen vsem bogovom.

It didn't look all that special from the outside,

Kot rečeno, na zunaj ni bila videti nič posebnega,

as I said, but when we walked inside,

a ko smo vstopili

I was immediately struck by three things:

so me nemudoma osupnile tri stvari:

First of all, it was pleasantly cool

Bilo je prijetno hladno,

despite the oppressive heat outside.

kljub neznosni vročini zunaj.

It was very dark, the only source of light

Bilo je zelo temno in edini vir svetlobe

being an big open hole in the roof.

velika odprta luknja v strehi.

Dad explained that this wasn't a big open hole,

Oče mi je pojasnil, da to ni samo odprta luknja,

but it was called the oculus,

ampak, da se imenuje 'oculus',

an eye to the heavens.

oko v nebesa.

And there was something about this place,

Nekaj je bilo na tem kraju,

I didn't know why, that just felt special.

nisem vedel kaj, le da je nekaj posebnega.

As we walked to the center of the room,

Ko smo stopili na sredo prostora,

I looked up at the heavens through the oculus.

sem pogledal v nebo skozi oculus.

This was the first church that I'd been to

To je bila prva cerkev, ki sem jo obiskal,

that provided an unrestricted view

ki je ponujala neoviran stik

between God and man.

med človekom in bogom.

But I wondered, what about when it rained?

Spraševal sem se, kaj pa, ko dežuje?

Dad may have called this an oculus,

Oče je temu res rekel oculus,

but it was, in fact, a big hole in the roof.

a je bila resnično le velika luknja v strehi.

I looked down and saw floor drains

Pogledal sem na tla in videl odtoke,

had been cut into the stone floor.

vrezane v kamnita tla.

As I became more accustomed to the dark,

Ko sem se privadil na temo,

I was able to make out details of the floor

sem opazil podrobnosti na tleh

and the surrounding walls.

in stenah.

No big deal here, just the same statuary stuff

Nič posebnega tam, samo isti kipi,

that we'd seen all over Rome.

ki smo jih ves čas gledali po celem Rimu.

In fact, it looked like the Appian Way

Izgledalo je kot Apijska cesta;

marble salesman showed up

prikazal se je trgovec z marmorjem

with his sample book, showed it to Hadrian,

s svojo knjigo vzorcev, pokazal jo je Hadrijanu

and Hadrian said, "We'll take all of it."

in ta je rekel: "Vse bomo vzeli."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But the ceiling was amazing.

Toda strop je bil čudovit.

It looked like a Buckminster Fuller geodesic dome.

Izgledala je kot geodezična kupola arhitekta Buckminsterja Fullerja.

I'd seen these before,

Te sem že videl

and Bucky was friends with my dad.

in 'Bucky' je bil očetov prijatelj.

It was modern, high-tech, impressive,

Bilo je sodobno, visoko tehnološko, impresivno,

a huge 142-foot clear span

ogromen razpon kupole, kar 43,3 metra,

which, not coincidentally, was exactly its height.

nenaključno povsem enak višini zgradbe.

I loved this place.

Oboževal sem ta kraj.

It was really beautiful and unlike anything I'd ever seen before,

Bilo je res čudovito, česa takega še nisem videl,

so I asked my dad, "When was this built?"

zato sem vprašal očeta: "Kdaj so to zgradili?"

He said, "About 2,000 years ago."

Odgovoril je: "Pred dobrimi 2.000 leti."

And I said, "No, I mean, the roof."

Rekel sem: "Ne, mislim streha."

You see, I assumed that this was a modern roof

Mislil sem namreč, da je to sodobna streha,

that had been put on because the original

ki je nadomestila prvotno,

was destroyed in some long-past war.

morebiti uničeno v neki davni vojni.

He said, "It's the original roof."

Dejal je: "To je prvotna streha."

That moment changed my life,

Tisti trenutek mi je spremenil življenje

and I can remember it as if it were yesterday.

in spominjam se ga, kot bi bilo včeraj.

For the first time, I realized people were smart

Prvič sem se zavedel, da so bili ljudje pametni

2,000 years ago. (Laughter)

že pred 2.000 leti. (Smeh)

This had never crossed my mind.

To me ni nikoli prešinilo.

I mean, to me, the pyramids at Giza,

Denimo, piramide v Gizi,

we visited those the year before,

ki smo jih obiskali leto pred tem,

and sure they're impressive, nice enough design,

so resnično osupljive, solidna zasnova,

but look, give me an unlimited budget,

a dajte meni neomejen proračun,

20,000 to 40,000 laborers, and about 10 to 20 years

20.000 do 40.000 delavcev in okrog 10 do 20 let

to cut and drag stone blocks across the countryside,

za rezanje in premikanje kamnitih blokov prek podeželja,

and I'll build you pyramids too.

in tudi jaz vam zgradim piramide.

But no amount of brute force

A nobena mera gole sile

gets you the dome of the Pantheon,

vam ne ustvari kupole Panteona,

not 2,000 years ago, nor today.

ne takrat, ne danes.

And incidentally, it is still the largest

In kot po naključju je še vedno največja

unreinforced concrete dome that's ever been built.

neojačana betonska kupola, kar so jih zgradili.

To build the Pantheon took some miracles.

Za gradnjo Panteona so bili potrebni čudeži.

By miracles, I mean things that are

S čudeži mislim reči,

technically barely possible,

ki so tehnološko komajda mogoče,

very high-risk, and might not be

visoko tvegane in mogoče celo

actually accomplishable at this moment in time,

neuresničljive v tem trenutku v zgodovini

certainly not by you.

še posebno ne z vaše strani.

For example, here are some of the Pantheon's miracles.

Na primer, to so nekateri čudeži Panteona.

To make it even structurally possible,

Da je bila gradnja sploh strukturno mogoča,

they had to invent super-strong concrete,

so morali iznajti super-močen beton

and to control weight,

in za nadzor teže

varied the density of the aggregate

prilagajati gostoto agregata,

as they worked their way up the dome.

ob vzpenjanju s kupolo navzgor.

For strength and lightness, the dome structure

Za moč in lahkost so v strukturi kupole

used five rings of coffers,

uporabili pet vrst kaset,

each of diminishing size,

ki se z višino manjšajo,

which imparts a dramatic forced perspective

kar ustvarja dramatično vsiljeno perspektivo

to the design.

zasnovi kupole.

It was wonderfully cool inside

V notranjosti je bil čudovit hlad

because of its huge thermal mass,

zaradi ogromne toplotne mase zgradbe,

natural convection of air rising up

zaradi naravne konvekcije zraka, ki uhaja

through the oculus,

skozi oculus

and a Venturi effect when wind blows across

in zaradi Venturijevega efekta, ko veter zapiha

the top of the building.

čez vrh zgradbe.

I discovered for the first time that light itself

Tedaj sem prvič odkril, da je tudi svetloba snov.

has substance.

The shaft of light beaming through the oculus

Soj svetlobe skozi oculus

was both beautiful and palpable,

je bil hkrati čudovit in otipljiv

and I realized for the first time

in prvikrat sem spoznal,

that light could be designed.

da se svetlobo lahko oblikuje.

Further, that of all of the forms of design,

In od vseh vrst oblikovanja,

visual design,

vizualnega oblikovanja,

they were all kind of irrelevant without it,

je brez nje vse ostalo nepomembno;

because without light, you can't see any of them.

kajti brez svetlobe ne moreš videti nobene od njih.

I also realized that I wasn't the first person

Spoznal sem tudi, da nisem bil prvi,

to think that this place was really special.

ki je menil, da je to res poseben kraj.

It survived gravity, barbarians, looters, developers

Preživel je silo težnosti, barbare, plenilce, načrtovalce

and the ravages of time to become

in zob časa, da je postal

what I believe is the longest

po mojem mnenju najdlje

continuously occupied building in history.

stalno obljudena zgradba v zgodovini.

Largely because of that visit,

V veliki meri sem zaradi tega obiska

I came to understand that,

postopoma spoznal,

contrary to what I was being told in school,

da v nasprotju s tistim, kar so me učili v šoli,

the worlds of art and design

svetova umetnosti in oblikovanja

were not, in fact, incompatible

pravzaprav nista bila nezdružljiva

with science and engineering.

z znanostjo in inženirstvom.

I realized, when combined,

Spoznal sem, da ko jih združiš

you could create things that were amazing

lahko ustvariš čudovite reči,

that couldn't be done in either domain alone.

ki jih ne bi mogel le na enem samem področju.

But in school, with few exceptions,

A v šoli so bila z redkimi izjemami

they were treated as separate worlds,

vedno obravnavana kot ločeni svetovi,

and they still are.

in še vedno je tako.

My teachers told me that I had to get serious

Učitelji so dejali, da se moram zresniti

and focus on one or the other.

in se osredotočiti na eno ali drugo.

However, urging me to specialize

Toda, siljenje k specializaciji

only caused me to really appreciate those polymaths

me je samo še bolj vodilo v občudovanje polihistorjev

like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci,

kot so Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci,

Benjamin Franklin,

Benjamin Franklin;

people who did exactly the opposite.

ljudje, ki so počeli prav nasprotno.

And this led me to embrace

In to me je vodilo v sprejemanju

and want to be in both worlds.

obeh svetov in želji da sem v njih.

So then how do these projects of unprecedented creative vision and technical complexity

Kako so se torej projekti tako edinstvene ustvarjalne vizije in tehnične zapletenosti

like the Pantheon actually happen?

kot Panteon zares zgodili?

Someone themselves, perhaps Hadrian,

Nekdo, mogoče Hadrian,

needed a brilliant creative vision.

je moral imeti izjemno ustvarjalno vizijo.

They also needed the storytelling and leadership skills

Potrebovali so sposobnosti pripovedništva in vodenja

necessary to fund and execute it,

nujni za financiranje in izvedbo,

and a mastery of science and technology

ter mojstrsko znanje znanosti in tehnologije

with the ability and knowhow

s sposobnostjo in znanjem,

to push existing innovations even farther.

da obstoječe inovacije razvijejo še dlje.

It is my belief that to create these rare game changers

Mislim, da morate biti za ustvarjanje takih redkih izjemnih priložnosti

requires you to pull off at least five miracles.

sposobni izvesti vsaj pet čudežev.

The problem is, no matter how talented,

Težava je, da ne glede na to kako nadarjeni,

rich or smart you are,

bogati, ali pametni ste,

you only get one to one and a half miracles.

lahko zberete le do enega in pol.

That's it. That's the quota.

To je to. To je kvota.

Then you run out of time, money, enthusiasm,

Potem vam zmanjka časa, denarja, zagona,

whatever.

kakorkoli.

Remember, most people can't even imagine

Zapomnite si, večina si ne more niti predstavljati

one of these technical miracles,

enega od teh tehničnih čudežev

and you need at least five to make a Pantheon.

potrebujete pa jih vsaj pet za Panteon.

In my experience, these rare visionaries

Po mojih izkušnjah, imajo ti redki vizionarji,

who can think across the worlds of art,

ki lahko razmišljajo preko meja sveta

design and engineering

umetnosti, oblikovanja in inženirstva,

have the ability to notice

sposobnost, da opazijo

when others have provided enough of the miracles

kdaj so drugi zagotovili dovolj čudežev,

to bring the goal within reach.

da postane cilj dosegljiv.

Driven by the clarity of their vision,

Gnani z jasnostjo svoje vizije

they summon the courage and determination

zberejo pogum in odločnost,

to deliver the remaining miracles

da napravijo preostale čudeže

and they often take what other people think to be

in pogosto iz stvari za katere drugi mislijo, da so

insurmountable obstacles

nepremostljive ovire

and turn them into features.

in iz njih napravijo značilnosti.

Take the oculus of the Pantheon.

Na primer Panteonov oculus.

By insisting that it be in the design,

Z vztrajanjem, da ostane v zasnovi,

it meant you couldn't use much of the structural technology

niste mogli uporabiti velikega dela gradbene tehnologije,

that had been developed for Roman arches.

ki je bila razvita za rimske arkade.

However, by instead embracing it

Toda s sprejetjem težave

and rethinking weight and stress distribution,

in ponovnem premisleku o razporeditvi teže in obremenitev,

they came up with a design that only works

so se domislili zasnove, ki deluje samo,

if there's a big hole in the roof.

če je v stropu velika luknja.

That done, you now get the aesthetic

Ko je to narejeno, lahko dobite estetske

and design benefits of light, cooling

in oblikovne koristi svetlobe, hlajenja

and that critical direct connection with the heavens.

in tisto kritično povezavo z nebom.

Not bad.

Ni slabo.

These people not only believed

Ti ljudje niso samo verjeli,

that the impossible can be done,

da je nemogoče mogoče,

but that it must be done.

ampak da mora biti storjeno.

Enough ancient history.

Dovolj prazgodovine.

What are some recent examples of innovations

Kateri so novodobni primeri inovacij,

that combine creative design

ki združujejo ustvarjalno oblikovanje

and technological advances in a way so profound

in tehnološki napredek v tako prefinjeni obliki,

that they will be remembered

da se jih bodo spominjali

a thousand years from now?

še tisoč let za nami?

Well, putting a man on the moon was a good one,

No, poslati človeka na Luno je bila dobra poteza,

and returning him safely to Earth wasn't bad either.

in njegova varna vrnitev nazaj tudi ni bila slaba stvar.

Talk about one giant leap:

Ko že omenjamo en velik skok:

It's hard to imagine a more profound moment

Težko si je zamisliti globlji trenutek

in human history

v človeški zgodovini

than when we first left our world

kot je to, da smo zapustili lasten planet

to set foot on another.

zato, da smo stopili na drugega.

So what came after the moon?

Kaj je prišlo za Luno?

One is tempted to say that today's pantheon

Vabljivo bi bilo reči, da je današnji Panteon

is the Internet,

internet

but I actually think that's quite wrong,

ampak mislim, da je to precej narobe,

or at least it's only part of the story.

ali pa je le del zgodbe.

The Internet isn't a Pantheon.

Internet ni Panteon.

It's more like the invention of concrete:

Je bolj iznajdba betona:

important, absolutely necessary

pomemben, absolutno potreben

to build the Pantheon,

za izgradnjo Panteona

and enduring,

in vzdržljiv,

but entirely insufficient by itself.

a povsem nezadosten sam po sebi.

However, just as the technology of concrete

A kakor je bila tehnologija betona

was critical in realization of the Pantheon,

kritična pri realizaciji Panteona,

new designers will use the technologies of the Internet

bodo novi snovalci izrabili tehnologijo interneta,

to create novel concepts that will endure.

za ustvarjanje novih idej, ki bodo preživele.

The smartphone is a perfect example.

Odličen primer je pametni telefon.

Soon the majority of people on the planet

Kmalu ga bo imela večina

will have one,

ljudi na planetu

and the idea of connecting everyone

in ideja o povezovanju vseh

to both knowledge and each other will endure.

tako z znanjem kot drug z drugim bo preživela.

So what's next?

Kaj torej sledi?

What imminent advance will be the equivalent of the Pantheon?

Kateri jutrišnji napredek bo enakovreden Panteonu?

Thinking about this,

Ko sem razmišljal o tem,

I rejected many very plausible

sem zavrnil več zelo verjetnih

and dramatic breakthroughs to come,

in dramatičnih prihodnjih prebojev.

such as curing cancer.

Recimo zdravilo za raka.

Why? Because Pantheons are anchored

Zakaj? Ker so panteoni zasidrani

in designed physical objects,

v oblikovanih fizičnih objektih,

ones that inspire by simply seeing

takih, ki navdihujejo preprosto prek opazovanja

and experiencing them,

in izkušnje

and will continue to do so indefinitely.

in bodo to počeli še v neskončnost.

It is a different kind of language, like art.

To je drugačen jezik, tak kot umetnost.

These other vital contributions that extend life

Ostali ključni prispevki, ki podaljšujejo življenje

and relieve suffering are, of course, critical,

in lajšajo trpljenje, so seveda nujni

and fantastic,

in fantastični,

but they're part of the continuum of

ampak so del premice

our overall knowledge and technology,

našega celotnega znanja in tehnologije

like the Internet.

kot internet.

So what is next?

Kaj torej je naslednje?

Perhaps counterintuitively,

Mogoče v nasprotju s pričakovanji

I'm guessing it's a visionary idea

ugibam, da bo to vizionarska ideja

from the late 1930s

iz poznih tridesetih let,

that's been revived every decade since:

ki je bila oživljena še vsako sledeče desetletje:

autonomous vehicles.

avtonomna vozila.

Now you're thinking, give me a break.

Zdaj si mislite, ah, daj no mir.

How can a fancy version of cruise control

Kako bi lahko bila spolirana verzija dalinjskega upravljanja

be profound?

nekaj globokega?

Look, much of our world

Poglejte, večina našega sveta

has been designed around roads and transportation.

je zgrajena okrog cest in transporta.

These were as essential to the success

Te so bile tako ključne za uspeh

of the Roman Empire

rimskega imperija

as the interstate highway system

kot je meddržavno avtocestno omrežje

to the prosperity and development

zaslužno za blaginjo in razvoj

of the United States.

Združenih držav Amerike.

Today, these roads that interconnect our world

Danes na cestah, ki povezujejo naš svet,

are dominated by cars and trucks

vladajo avtomobili in tovornjaki,

that have remained largely unchanged

ki so večinoma nespremenjeni

for 100 years.

že zadnjih 100 let.

Although perhaps not obvious today,

In čeprav to danes ni očitno

autonomous vehicles will be the key technology

bodo avtonomna vozila ključna tehnologija,

that enables us to redesign our cities

ki bo omogočila preoblikovanje mest

and, by extension, civilization.

in posledično civilizacije.

Here's why:

Razlogi so sledeči:

Once they become ubiquitous,

Ko bodo nekoč postala vsakdanja,

each year, these vehicles will save

bodo ta vozila vsako leto rešila

tens of thousands of lives in the United States alone

na desettisoče življenj samo v ZDA

and a million globally.

in milijon globalno.

Automotive energy consumption and air pollution

Energetska poraba in onesnaženje

will be cut dramatically.

bosta drastično padli.

Much of the road congestion

Večina cestnih zastojev

in and out of our cities will disappear.

bo iz naših mest in izven njih izginila.

They will enable compelling new concepts

Omogočila bojo izvedbo privlačnih novih idej

in how we design cities, work,

na področju zasnove mest, dela

and the way we live.

in načina življenja.

We will get where we're going faster

Hitreje bomo prispeli na cilj

and society will recapture vast amounts

in družba bo polovila ogromne količine

of lost productivity

izgubljene produktivnosti,

now spent sitting in traffic basically polluting.

ki se danes izgublja s tičanjem v zastoju in hkratnim onesnaževanjem.

But why now? Why do we think this is ready?

Ampak zakaj zdaj? Zakaj menimo, da smo pripravljeni?

Because over the last 30 years,

Zato, ker so v zadnjih 30 letih

people from outside the automotive industry

ljudje izven avtomobilske industrije

have spent countless billions

vložili nešteto milijonov

creating the needed miracles,

v ustvarjanje potrebnih čudežev,

but for entirely different purposes.

a za povsem druge namene.

It took folks like DARPA, universities,

Potrebovali smo ustanove kot DARPA, univerze

and companies completely outside of the automotive industry

in podjetja povsem izven avtomobilske industrije,

to notice that if you were clever about it,

da smo opazili, da če bomo bistri

autonomy could be done now.

bi lahko avtonomijo ustvarili zdaj.

So what are the five miracles needed for autonomous vehicles?

Kaj je torej pet čudežev potrebnih za avtonomna vozila?

One, you need to know

Prvi je ta, da morate vedeti

where you are and exactly what time it is.

kje ste in točno koliko je ura.

This was solved neatly by the GPS system,

To je bilo lepo rešeno z GPS sistemom,

Global Positioning System,

Globalnim Pozicijskim Sistemom,

that the U.S. Government put in place.

ki ga je postavila ameriška vlada.

You need to know where all the roads are,

Vedeti morate kje so vse ceste,

what the rules are, and where you're going.

kakšna so pravila in kam greste.

The various needs of personal navigation systems,

Različne potrebe osebnih navigacijskih sistemov,

in-car navigation systems,

avtomobilske navigacije

and web-based maps address this.

in spletni zemljevidi rešujejo ta problem.

You must have near-continuous communication

Potrebujete skoraj popolnoma neprekinjeno komunikacijo

with high-performance computing networks

z visoko zmogljivimi računalniškimi omrežji

and with others nearby

iz z ostalimi v bližini,

to understand their intent.

da razumete njihov namen.

The wireless technologies developed for mobile devices,

Brezžična tehnologija, razvita za mobilne naprave,

with some minor modifications,

je z manjšimi prilagoditvami

are completely suitable to solve this.

povsem ustrezna rešitev.

You'll probably want some restricted roadways

Verjetno bi želeli nekaj rezerviranih cest

to get started

za začetek,

that both society and its lawyers

za katere bi se družba in njeni odvetniki

agree are safe to use for this.

strinjali, da so varne za ta namen.

This will start with the HOV lanes

Začelo bi se s posameznimi voznimi pasovi

and move from there.

in se nadaljevalo od tam.

But finally, you need to recognize

In nazadnje morate znati prepoznavati

people, signs and objects.

ljudi, znake in objekte.

Machine vision, special sensors, and high-performance computing

Strojni vid, posebni senzorji in visoko zmogljivi računalniki,

can do a lot of this,

se lahko spoprimejo z večino tega,

but it turns out a lot is not good enough

a kot kaže veliko ni dovolj dobro,

when your family is on board.

ko je v avtu vaša družina.

Occasionally, humans will need to do sense-making.

Občasno bodo morali ljudje posegati v odločitve.

For this, you might actually have to wake up

Za to bi avto mogoče moral dejansko zbuditi

your passenger and ask them what the hell

potnika in ga vprašati, kaj za vraga

that big lump is in the middle of the road.

je ta velika kepa sredi ceste.

Not so bad, and it will give us a sense of purpose

Ni slabo, in to bi nam dalo nov občutek smisla

in this new world.

v takem novem svetu.

Besides, once the first drivers explain

Poleg tega, ko bi voznik pojasnil

to their confused car

svojemu zmedenemu avtu,

that the giant chicken at the fork in the road

da je velikanski piščanec sredi križišča

is actually a restaurant,

pravzaprav restavracija

and it's okay to keep driving,

in da je varno peljati naprej,

every other car on the surface of the Earth

bo tudi vsak drug avto na površju Zemlje

will know that from that point on.

to vedel od tedaj dalje.

Five miracles, mostly delivered,

Pet čudežev je tako v veliki meri narejenih

and now you just need a clear vision

in sedaj potrebujete samo jasno vizijo

of a better world filled with autonomous vehicles

boljšega sveta, napolnjenega z avtonomnimi vozili

with seductively beautiful and new functional designs

z zapeljivo lepimi in novimi uporabnimi funkcijami

plus a lot of money and hard work

ter veliko denarja in trdega dela,

to bring it home.

da to naredite.

The beginning is now only a handful of years away,

Začetek je sedaj le nekaj let stran

and I predict that autonomous vehicles

in napovedujem, da bodo avtonomna vozila

will permanently change our world

trajno spremenila naš svet

over the next several decades.

tekom nekaj prihodnjih desetletij.

In conclusion, I've come to believe

Za zaključek; Postopoma sem začel verjeti,

that the ingredients for the next Pantheons

da so sestavine za naslednje Panteone

are all around us,

vse okrog nas,

just waiting for visionary people

samo čakajoč na vizionarje

with the broad knowledge,

z obširnim znanjem,

multidisciplinary skills,

multidisciplinarnimi veščinami

and intense passion

in močno strastjo,

to harness them to make their dreams a reality.

da jih izkoristijo in uresničijo svoje sanje.

But these people don't spontaneously

A taki ljudje se ne pojavijo

pop into existence.

kar spontano.

They need to be nurtured and encouraged

Potrebno jih je negovati in vzpodbujati

from when they're little kids.

že od otroštva.

We need to love them and help them

Moramo jih ljubiti in jim pomagati

discover their passions.

odkriti njihove strasti.

We need to encourage them to work hard

Spodbujati jih moramo k trdemu delu

and help them understand that failure

in jim pomagati razumeti, da je neuspeh

is a necessary ingredient for success,

nujna sestavina uspeha,

as is perseverance.

tako kot vztrajnost.

We need to help them to find their own role models,

Pomagati jim moramo odkriti njihove vzornike

and give them the confidence to believe in themselves

in jim dati samozavest, da verjamejo vase

and to believe that anything is possible,

in da je vse mogoče.

and just as my grandpa did when he took me shopping for surplus,

Tako kot je to storil moj dedek, ko sva brskala med odpadki,

and just as my parents did

kot so to naredili moji starši,

when they took me to science museums,

ko so me peljali v muzeje,

we need to encourage them to find their own path,

jih moramo vzpodbujati, da poiščejo svojo pot,

even if it's very different from our own.

čeprav je zelo drugačna od naše.

But a cautionary note:

Toda, opozarjam:

We also need to periodically pry them away

občasno jih moramo tudi odtrgati

from their modern miracles,

od njihovih novodobnih čudežev,

the computers, phones, tablets,

od računalnikov, telefonov, tablic,

game machines and TVs,

igralnih konzol in televizij

take them out into the sunlight

in jih odpeljati na sonce

so they can experience both the natural

zato, da lahko izkusijo tako naravne

and design wonders of our world,

kot oblikovne čudeže našega sveta,

our planet and our civilization.

našega planeta in naše civilizacije.

If we don't, they won't understand

Če jih ne bomo, ne bodo razumeli

what these precious things are

kaj sploh so te dragocene reči

that someday they will be resopnsible

in da bodo nekoč odgovorni

for protecting and improving.

za njihovo zaščito in izboljšavo.

We also need them to understand

Prav tako je nujno, da razumejo

something that doesn't seem adequately appreciated

nekaj kar je vse premalo cenjeno

in our increasingly tech-dependent world,

v našem vedno bolj tehnološko odvisnem svetu:

that art and design

da umetnost in oblikovanje

are not luxuries,

nista razkošje

nor somehow incompatible

niti nekaj nezdružljivega

with science and engineering.

z znanostjo in inženirstvom.

They are in fact essential to what makes us special.

Pravzaprav sta ključni za tisto kar nas dela posebne.

Someday, if you get the chance,

Nekega dne, če boste imeli priložnost,

perhaps you can take your kids

lahko mogoče peljete svoje otroke

to the actual Pantheon,

v pravi Panteon,

as we will our daughter Kira,

kot bova z ženo peljala najino hčer Kiro,

to experience firsthand

da sama izkusi

the power of that astonishing design,

moč te osupljive zasnove,

which on one otherwise unremarkable day in Rome,

ki je na povsem običajen dan v Rimu

reached 2,000 years into the future

segla 2.000 let v prihodnost,

to set the course for my life.

da je določila pot mojega življenja.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplavz)