Bran Ferren: To create for the ages, let's combine art and engineering

111,625 views

2014-03-25 ใƒป TED


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Bran Ferren: To create for the ages, let's combine art and engineering

111,625 views ใƒป 2014-03-25

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Gemma Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gayoung Go
00:13
Good morning.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
00:15
When I was a little boy,
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์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ „
00:17
I had an experience that changed my life,
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์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
and is in fact why I'm here today.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:23
That one moment
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๊ทธ ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด
00:25
profoundly affected how I think about
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์˜ˆ์ˆ , ๋””์ž์ธ, ๊ณตํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—
00:27
art, design and engineering.
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์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
As background, I was fortunate enough to grow up
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์ œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
00:33
in a family of loving and talented artists
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์ „ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
00:36
in one of the world's great cities.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋‚œ ํ–‰์šด์•„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
My dad, John Ferren, who died when I was 15,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 15์„ธ๋•Œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์‹  ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์กด ํŒจ๋Ÿฐ์”จ๋Š”
00:43
was an artist by both passion and profession,
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์—ด์ •์ ์ธ ์ „๋ฌธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
as is my mom, Rae.
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋ ˆ์•„๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
He was one of the New York School
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•ํ•™ํŒŒ์˜
00:51
abstract expressionists who,
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์ถ”์ƒ ํ‘œํ˜„์ฃผ์˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ์จ
00:52
together with his contemporaries,
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๊ทธ๋‹น์‹œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
00:55
invented American modern art,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
and contributed to moving the American zeitgeist
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ •์‹ ์„
01:01
towards modernism in the 20th century.
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋„๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
01:05
Isn't it remarkable that, after thousands of years
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋…„๋™์•ˆ
01:08
of people doing mostly representational art,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ํ•ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:12
that modern art, comparatively speaking,
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์€
01:14
is about 15 minutes old,
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15๋ถ„์ •๋„์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•œ๋ฐ๋„
01:16
yet now pervasive.
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์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
As with many other important innovations,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์š” ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
01:20
those radical ideas required no new technology,
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๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
just fresh thinking and a willingness to experiment,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์ง€,
01:27
plus resiliency in the face of near-universal criticism
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๋ฉด์ ์ธ ๋น„ํŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ• 
01:31
and rejection.
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๋ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
In our home, art was everywhere.
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์ •์—๋„ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
It was like oxygen,
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์‚ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
01:36
around us and necessary for life.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ถ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:40
As I watched him paint,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ,
01:41
Dad taught me that art
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ
01:44
was not about being decorative,
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€ ์žฅ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:46
but was a different way of communicating ideas,
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.
01:49
and in fact one that could bridge the worlds
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„
01:51
of knowledge and insight.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Given this rich artistic environment,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
01:56
you'd assume that I would have been compelled
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค๋„๋ก
01:58
to go into the family business,
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๊ฐ•์š”๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
but no.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
I followed the path of most kids
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์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:04
who are genetically programmed
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์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ
02:06
to make their parents crazy.
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ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
I had no interest in becoming an artist,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
certainly not a painter.
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ํŠนํžˆ ํ™”๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
What I did love was electronics and machines --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
taking them apart, building new ones,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ 
02:17
and making them work.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Fortunately, my family also had engineers in it,
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์ œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:23
and with my parents,
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
02:24
these were my first role models.
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๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ €์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ญํ•  ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
What they all had in common
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๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์€
02:28
was they worked very, very hard.
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์ •๋ง ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
My grandpa owned and operated a sheet metal
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์ €์˜ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ฃฉํด๋ฆฐ์—์„œ
02:33
kitchen cabinet factory in Brooklyn.
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ํŒ๊ธˆ ๋ถ€์—Œ ์ฐฌ์žฅ ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜์…จ๊ณ  ์šด์˜ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
On weekends, we would go together to Cortlandt Street,
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์ฃผ๋ง์—” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœํŠธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
which was New York City's radio row.
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์€ ๋‰ด์š• ์‹œ์˜ ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ํŠนํ™” ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
There we would explore massive piles
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„
02:45
of surplus electronics,
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๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
and for a few bucks bring home treasures
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋“  ํญ๊ฒฉ์กฐ์ค€๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณด๋ฌผ๋“ค,
02:48
like Norden bombsights
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ IMB ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„
02:50
and parts from the first IBM tube-based computers.
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์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
I found these objects both useful and fascinating.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉ‹์ง€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
I learned about engineering and how things worked,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
03:00
not at school
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ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:01
but by taking apart and studying
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์„
03:03
these fabulously complex devices.
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๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
I did this for hours every day,
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์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์”ฉ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
apparently avoiding electrocution.
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๊ฐ์ „์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ”ผํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:11
Life was good.
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์‚ถ์€ ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
However, every summer, sadly,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งค๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„
03:15
the machines got left behind
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ, ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋””์ž์ธ์„
03:17
while my parents and I traveled overseas
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๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
03:20
to experience history, art and design.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์€ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
We visited the great museums and historic buildings
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ์ค‘๋™์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€๋“ค๊ณผ
03:26
of both Europe and the Middle East,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
but to encourage my growing interest
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
03:30
in science and technology,
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์ €์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋‹์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:31
they would simply drop me off in places
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜๊ณผํ•™๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—
03:34
like the London Science Museum,
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์ฃผ๊ณค ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
where I would wander endlessly for hours by myself
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์”ฉ
03:40
studying the history of science and technology.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋์—†์ด ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
Then, when I was about nine years old,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ์ œ๊ฐ€ 9์‚ด ์ฏค ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
03:47
we went to Rome.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋กœ๋งˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
On one particularly hot summer day,
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์–ด๋Š ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ๋‚ 
03:51
we visited a drum-shaped building that from the outside
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—” ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์›Œ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜
03:54
was not particularly interesting.
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์›ํ†ต ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
My dad said it was called the Pantheon,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ด ๊ณณ์ด ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
03:59
a temple for all of the gods.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
It didn't look all that special from the outside,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด ์™ธ๊ด€์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
as I said, but when we walked inside,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ
04:06
I was immediately struck by three things:
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์ €๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
First of all, it was pleasantly cool
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๋จผ์ € ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์€ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฐ”๊นฅ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
04:13
despite the oppressive heat outside.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์‹œ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
It was very dark, the only source of light
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋‘์› ๊ณ , ๋น›์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ณณ์€
04:17
being an big open hole in the roof.
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์ง€๋ถ• ์œ„์˜ ๋ปฅ ๋šซ๋ฆฐ ํฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Dad explained that this wasn't a big open hole,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:22
but it was called the oculus,
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์ฒœ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์ธ
04:24
an eye to the heavens.
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๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ์ฐฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
And there was something about this place,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
I didn't know why, that just felt special.
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์™ ์ง€๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
As we walked to the center of the room,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ค‘์•™์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ
04:33
I looked up at the heavens through the oculus.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ์ฐฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
This was the first church that I'd been to
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹  ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
04:39
that provided an unrestricted view
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์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”
04:41
between God and man.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ตํšŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
But I wondered, what about when it rained?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๋• ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Dad may have called this an oculus,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ์ฐฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์…จ์ง€๋งŒ
04:49
but it was, in fact, a big hole in the roof.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ๋‚œ ํฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
I looked down and saw floor drains
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋‹ค ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
had been cut into the stone floor.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
As I became more accustomed to the dark,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋‘ ์— ์ข€ ๋” ์ ์‘์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
04:59
I was able to make out details of the floor
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ
05:01
and the surrounding walls.
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์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ๋ฒฝ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
No big deal here, just the same statuary stuff
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
that we'd seen all over Rome.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋กœ๋งˆ์—์„œ ๋ดค๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
In fact, it looked like the Appian Way
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•„ํ”ผ์•„ ๊ฐ€๋„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
marble salesman showed up
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๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ ์ƒ์ธ์ด ๊ฒฌ๋ณธ์ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ
05:11
with his sample book, showed it to Hadrian,
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ํ•˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ˆ„์Šค ํ™ฉ์ œ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉด
05:14
and Hadrian said, "We'll take all of it."
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ํ•˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ˆ„์Šค ํ™ฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ "๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๊ฒ ์†Œ." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:17
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:18
But the ceiling was amazing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒœ์žฅ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
It looked like a Buckminster Fuller geodesic dome.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ „์— ๋ดค๋˜
05:24
I'd seen these before,
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๋ฒ„ํฌ๋ฏผ์Šคํ„ฐ ํ’€๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ธก์ง€์„  ๋”๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:26
and Bucky was friends with my dad.
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๋ฒ„ํ‚ค๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
It was modern, high-tech, impressive,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ์„œ
05:31
a huge 142-foot clear span
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์ง€๋ฆ„์ด 43 m ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:34
which, not coincidentally, was exactly its height.
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์šฐ์—ฐ์น˜ ์•Š๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋†’์ด์™€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
I loved this place.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ณณ์„ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
It was really beautiful and unlike anything I'd ever seen before,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ๋ดค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
so I asked my dad, "When was this built?"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์ง€์–ด์กŒ์ฃ ?"
05:45
He said, "About 2,000 years ago."
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” 2,000๋…„ ์ „์— ์ง€์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
And I said, "No, I mean, the roof."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. "์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ์ง€๋ถ•๋ง์ด์—์š”."
05:51
You see, I assumed that this was a modern roof
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€์— ๋งŒ๋“  ์ง€๋ถ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
that had been put on because the original
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์˜ค๋ž˜์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ
05:55
was destroyed in some long-past war.
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์›ํ˜•์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:58
He said, "It's the original roof."
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” '์ด๊ฒŒ ์›๋ž˜์˜ ์ง€๋ถ•์ด๋‹ค' ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
That moment changed my life,
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๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
and I can remember it as if it were yesterday.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์–ด์ œ ์ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
For the first time, I realized people were smart
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
2,000 years ago. (Laughter)
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2,000๋…„ ์ „์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
06:12
This had never crossed my mind.
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์ „์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
I mean, to me, the pyramids at Giza,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊น ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ž์˜ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€,
06:18
we visited those the year before,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ „์— ๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:20
and sure they're impressive, nice enough design,
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
but look, give me an unlimited budget,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
06:25
20,000 to 40,000 laborers, and about 10 to 20 years
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2๋งŒ๋ช…์—์„œ 4๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๋ถ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  10 - 20 ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
06:29
to cut and drag stone blocks across the countryside,
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์„๊ดด๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:33
and I'll build you pyramids too.
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์ €๋„ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
But no amount of brute force
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ๋™์›ํ•ด๋„
06:38
gets you the dome of the Pantheon,
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ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
not 2,000 years ago, nor today.
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2,000๋…„ ์ „์—๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
And incidentally, it is still the largest
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ
06:47
unreinforced concrete dome that's ever been built.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ• ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
To build the Pantheon took some miracles.
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ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
By miracles, I mean things that are
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๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๋œป์€
06:56
technically barely possible,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ 
06:59
very high-risk, and might not be
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๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ˜„์‹œ์ ์—์„œ๋„
07:02
actually accomplishable at this moment in time,
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
certainly not by you.
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๋ถ„๋ช… ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ . (์ž‘์€ ์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
07:09
For example, here are some of the Pantheon's miracles.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ์˜ ๊ธฐ์  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
To make it even structurally possible,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
07:15
they had to invent super-strong concrete,
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
and to control weight,
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๋”์„ ์Œ“์•„๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
07:19
varied the density of the aggregate
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์ด๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
07:21
as they worked their way up the dome.
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๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
For strength and lightness, the dome structure
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๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์›€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š”
07:26
used five rings of coffers,
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ์ธต์˜ ์†Œ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
07:28
each of diminishing size,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์ž‘์•„์ง€๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
which imparts a dramatic forced perspective
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์›๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„
07:33
to the design.
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๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
It was wonderfully cool inside
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๋‚ด๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์‹œ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
because of its huge thermal mass,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ
07:39
natural convection of air rising up
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๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ์ฐฝ์œผ๋กœ
07:41
through the oculus,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋Œ€๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ 
07:42
and a Venturi effect when wind blows across
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ ๋•Œ
07:45
the top of the building.
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์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฒคํŠœ๋ฆฌ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
I discovered for the first time that light itself
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์ €๋Š” ๋น› ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
07:51
has substance.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
The shaft of light beaming through the oculus
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๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ์ฐฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์น˜๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ํ†ต๋กœ๊ฐ€
07:56
was both beautiful and palpable,
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:58
and I realized for the first time
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
08:00
that light could be designed.
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๋น›์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
Further, that of all of the forms of design,
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๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ,
08:07
visual design,
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์‹œ๊ฐ ๋””์ž์ธ์€
08:08
they were all kind of irrelevant without it,
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๋น› ์—†์ด๋Š” ํž˜์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
because without light, you can't see any of them.
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๋น› ์—†์ด๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
I also realized that I wasn't the first person
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์ €๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
08:17
to think that this place was really special.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:20
It survived gravity, barbarians, looters, developers
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์ค‘๋ ฅ, ์•ผ๋งŒ์ธ, ์•ฝํƒˆ์ž, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž,
08:24
and the ravages of time to become
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™ฉํํ•จ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•„์„œ
08:26
what I believe is the longest
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ
08:27
continuously occupied building in history.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
Largely because of that visit,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
08:33
I came to understand that,
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
08:34
contrary to what I was being told in school,
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
the worlds of art and design
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋””์ž์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š”
08:39
were not, in fact, incompatible
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๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ํ˜ธํ™˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:41
with science and engineering.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
I realized, when combined,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ฉ์ณ์งˆ ๋•Œ,
08:45
you could create things that were amazing
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:47
that couldn't be done in either domain alone.
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ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์™„์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
08:50
But in school, with few exceptions,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋Š”
08:53
they were treated as separate worlds,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ,
08:55
and they still are.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
My teachers told me that I had to get serious
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
08:59
and focus on one or the other.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ €๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
However, urging me to specialize
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:05
only caused me to really appreciate those polymaths
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๋ฐ•ํ•™๋‹ค์‹ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ง ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci,
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๋ฏธ์ผˆ๋ž€์ ค๋กœ, ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋‚˜๋ฅด๋„ ๋‹ค๋นˆ์น˜,
09:12
Benjamin Franklin,
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๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
09:14
people who did exactly the opposite.
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์ • ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
And this led me to embrace
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
09:19
and want to be in both worlds.
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๋‘ ์„ธ์ƒ ์†์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
So then how do these projects of unprecedented creative vision and technical complexity
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๋ก€์—†์ด ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ๊ณผ
09:27
like the Pantheon actually happen?
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:30
Someone themselves, perhaps Hadrian,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ•˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ˆ„์Šค๋Š”
09:34
needed a brilliant creative vision.
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
They also needed the storytelling and leadership skills
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
necessary to fund and execute it,
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์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:42
and a mastery of science and technology
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ˆ™๋‹ฌ,
09:45
with the ability and knowhow
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:47
to push existing innovations even farther.
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง€์‹๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:51
It is my belief that to create these rare game changers
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋“œ๋ฌธ ํ˜์‹ ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด
09:55
requires you to pull off at least five miracles.
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์ ์–ด๋„ 5 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
The problem is, no matter how talented,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋“ ,
10:02
rich or smart you are,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ž์ด๋“ , ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋“ 
10:04
you only get one to one and a half miracles.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ 1 ํ˜น์€ 1.5 ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ฐ–์— ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
That's it. That's the quota.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
10:09
Then you run out of time, money, enthusiasm,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋ˆ, ์—ด์ •
10:11
whatever.
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๋“ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์†Œ์ง„ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
Remember, most people can't even imagine
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
10:15
one of these technical miracles,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๊ธฐ์ ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
and you need at least five to make a Pantheon.
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ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ ์–ด๋„ 5 ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
In my experience, these rare visionaries
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์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ง€๋ช…์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
10:23
who can think across the worlds of art,
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์˜ˆ์ˆ , ๋””์ž์ธ, ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
10:24
design and engineering
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์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:26
have the ability to notice
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์‚ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:28
when others have provided enough of the miracles
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
10:31
to bring the goal within reach.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
Driven by the clarity of their vision,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์— ์ด๋Œ๋ ค
10:36
they summon the courage and determination
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์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฒฐ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผœ
10:39
to deliver the remaining miracles
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๋‚จ์€ ๊ธฐ์ ์„ ์™„์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
and they often take what other people think to be
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
10:44
insurmountable obstacles
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๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์„
10:46
and turn them into features.
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ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
Take the oculus of the Pantheon.
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ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ์˜ ๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ์ฐฝ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:51
By insisting that it be in the design,
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๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ์ฐฝ์„ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ๋„ฃ๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์žฅํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
10:53
it meant you couldn't use much of the structural technology
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๊ทธ ๋ง์€ ๋กœ๋งˆ์‹ ์•„์น˜ํ˜• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ
10:56
that had been developed for Roman arches.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
However, by instead embracing it
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ์ฐฝ์„ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
11:02
and rethinking weight and stress distribution,
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๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์™€ ํž˜์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
11:04
they came up with a design that only works
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์ง€๋ถ•์˜ ํฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ
11:07
if there's a big hole in the roof.
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ํšจ์šฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
That done, you now get the aesthetic
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๊ทธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด์ œ
11:12
and design benefits of light, cooling
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๋น›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋””์ž์ธ์ ์ธ ํ˜œํƒ, ์‹œ์›ํ•จ
11:16
and that critical direct connection with the heavens.
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์ฒœ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
Not bad.
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๋‚˜์˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
11:21
These people not only believed
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์„
11:23
that the impossible can be done,
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:26
but that it must be done.
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
Enough ancient history.
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๊ณ ๋Œ€์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋งํ•œ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”.
11:30
What are some recent examples of innovations
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์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1000๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ 
11:34
that combine creative design
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ
11:35
and technological advances in a way so profound
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ
11:39
that they will be remembered
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋“ค์€
11:40
a thousand years from now?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
11:42
Well, putting a man on the moon was a good one,
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์Œ, ๋‹ฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
and returning him safely to Earth wasn't bad either.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ท€ํ™˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‚˜์˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
Talk about one giant leap:
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๊ทธ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
11:50
It's hard to imagine a more profound moment
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ
11:53
in human history
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธธ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค
11:54
than when we first left our world
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๋” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š”
11:56
to set foot on another.
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์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
So what came after the moon?
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์ž, ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค ์˜จ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
12:01
One is tempted to say that today's pantheon
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ์€
12:03
is the Internet,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:05
but I actually think that's quite wrong,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฝค ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
12:07
or at least it's only part of the story.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
The Internet isn't a Pantheon.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
It's more like the invention of concrete:
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
important, absolutely necessary
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ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:18
to build the Pantheon,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
and enduring,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์†์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
but entirely insufficient by itself.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
However, just as the technology of concrete
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
12:27
was critical in realization of the Pantheon,
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ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ์„ ์ง“๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:30
new designers will use the technologies of the Internet
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง€์†๋  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:34
to create novel concepts that will endure.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
The smartphone is a perfect example.
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์€ ๊ทธ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
Soon the majority of people on the planet
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๋จธ์ง€์•Š์•„ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
12:41
will have one,
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
12:42
and the idea of connecting everyone
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ง€์‹์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ 
12:44
to both knowledge and each other will endure.
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
So what's next?
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
12:49
What imminent advance will be the equivalent of the Pantheon?
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ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ์— ํ•„์ ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
12:52
Thinking about this,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
12:54
I rejected many very plausible
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์ €๋Š” ์•”์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทน์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
12:56
and dramatic breakthroughs to come,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „๋“ค์„
12:58
such as curing cancer.
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๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
Why? Because Pantheons are anchored
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”? ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ์€
13:04
in designed physical objects,
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์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ์ฒด์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
ones that inspire by simply seeing
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
13:09
and experiencing them,
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์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
13:10
and will continue to do so indefinitely.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
It is a different kind of language, like art.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
These other vital contributions that extend life
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์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
13:21
and relieve suffering are, of course, critical,
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์—ญํ• ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
13:23
and fantastic,
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๋งค์šฐ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
but they're part of the continuum of
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
13:27
our overall knowledge and technology,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ „์ฒด ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜
13:29
like the Internet.
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์—ฐ์†์ฒด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
So what is next?
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์ž ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‹ค์Œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
13:34
Perhaps counterintuitively,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง๊ด€๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:36
I'm guessing it's a visionary idea
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ธก์„ ํ•ด๋ณธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š”
13:38
from the late 1930s
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1930๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
13:40
that's been revived every decade since:
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10 ๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋˜์‚ด์•„๋‚˜๋Š”
13:43
autonomous vehicles.
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"๋ฌด์ธ์ž๋™์ฐจ" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
Now you're thinking, give me a break.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์‹œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:47
How can a fancy version of cruise control
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์ฃผํ–‰์†๋„ ์œ ์ง€์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๊ฒŒ
13:50
be profound?
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๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ง€?
13:52
Look, much of our world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
13:54
has been designed around roads and transportation.
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๋„๋กœ์™€ ๊ตํ†ต์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
These were as essential to the success
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋กœ๋งˆ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ
14:00
of the Roman Empire
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๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ
14:01
as the interstate highway system
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜
14:03
to the prosperity and development
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๋ถ€ํฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜
14:05
of the United States.
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ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์š”์†Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:07
Today, these roads that interconnect our world
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๋กœ๋Š”
14:10
are dominated by cars and trucks
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์ฐจ์™€ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
14:12
that have remained largely unchanged
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ง„ ๊ฒŒ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
for 100 years.
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100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:17
Although perhaps not obvious today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
14:20
autonomous vehicles will be the key technology
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๋ฌด์ธ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ
14:24
that enables us to redesign our cities
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๋„์‹œ๋“ค์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:28
and, by extension, civilization.
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
Here's why:
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
14:31
Once they become ubiquitous,
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๋ฌด์ธ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํ”ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด
14:33
each year, these vehicles will save
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ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋“ค์ด
14:36
tens of thousands of lives in the United States alone
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ๋ช…,
14:39
and a million globally.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
Automotive energy consumption and air pollution
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์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ์€
14:45
will be cut dramatically.
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ํš๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
14:47
Much of the road congestion
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๋„์‹œ ์•ˆํŒŽ์˜ ๊ตํ†ต์ฒด์ฆ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
14:49
in and out of our cities will disappear.
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์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
They will enable compelling new concepts
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€
14:55
in how we design cities, work,
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๋„์‹œ์™€ ์ผ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•,
14:58
and the way we live.
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์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋†€๋ž๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
We will get where we're going faster
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์— ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
15:02
and society will recapture vast amounts
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์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ตํ†ต์ฒด์ฆ์— ๋ง‰ํ˜€ ์•‰์€ ์ฑ„ ์˜ค์—ผ๋งŒ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š”
15:05
of lost productivity
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๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์†์‹ค๋œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„
15:06
now spent sitting in traffic basically polluting.
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๋˜์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
But why now? Why do we think this is ready?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์™œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค€๋น„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
15:13
Because over the last 30 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„๊ฐ„
15:15
people from outside the automotive industry
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ด์™ธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
15:18
have spent countless billions
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์—ฌ
15:20
creating the needed miracles,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
but for entirely different purposes.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋“ค๋กœ์š”.
15:24
It took folks like DARPA, universities,
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์ „ํ˜€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—†๋Š”
15:27
and companies completely outside of the automotive industry
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๋Œ€ํ•™๋“ค๊ณผ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค, DARPA ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ด
15:30
to notice that if you were clever about it,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:32
autonomy could be done now.
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โ€œ๋ฌด์ธโ€์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
So what are the five miracles needed for autonomous vehicles?
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์ž ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์ธ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
15:38
One, you need to know
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
15:40
where you are and exactly what time it is.
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์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ช‡์‹œ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
This was solved neatly by the GPS system,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ GPS์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ธ,
15:45
Global Positioning System,
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์œ„์น˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๊น”๋”ํžˆ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
that the U.S. Government put in place.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
You need to know where all the roads are,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„๋กœ๋“ค์˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€
15:52
what the rules are, and where you're going.
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๊ทœ์น™ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
The various needs of personal navigation systems,
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๊ฐœ์ธ ๋„ค๋น„๊ฒŒ์ด์…˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ,
15:57
in-car navigation systems,
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์ฐจ์— ํƒ‘์žฌ๋œ ๋„ค๋น„๊ฒŒ์ด์…˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ
15:59
and web-based maps address this.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ง€๋„๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
You must have near-continuous communication
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€
16:04
with high-performance computing networks
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๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ
16:06
and with others nearby
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๊ณ„์† ์†Œํ†ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
to understand their intent.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
16:11
The wireless technologies developed for mobile devices,
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ํœด๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋ฌด์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„
16:14
with some minor modifications,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:16
are completely suitable to solve this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
You'll probably want some restricted roadways
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
16:22
to get started
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์šด์ „์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋™์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
16:23
that both society and its lawyers
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์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋„๋กœ์—์„œ
16:25
agree are safe to use for this.
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์šด์ „์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:27
This will start with the HOV lanes
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‹ค์ธ์Šน ์ „์šฉ์ฐจ์„ ์—์„œ
16:29
and move from there.
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์‹œ์ž‘๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:31
But finally, you need to recognize
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
16:34
people, signs and objects.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ๋„๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ, ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
Machine vision, special sensors, and high-performance computing
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹œ์•ผ, ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ์ง€๊ธฐ, ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š”
16:39
can do a lot of this,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
but it turns out a lot is not good enough
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ํƒ„๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:43
when your family is on board.
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๋งŽ์ด๋กœ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:45
Occasionally, humans will need to do sense-making.
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๊ฐ€๋” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
For this, you might actually have to wake up
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํƒ‘์Šน์ž๋ฅผ ๊นจ์›Œ
16:52
your passenger and ask them what the hell
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๋„๋กœ ํ•œ๋ณตํŒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”์ง€
16:54
that big lump is in the middle of the road.
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๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
Not so bad, and it will give us a sense of purpose
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๋‚˜์˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„ค์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
16:59
in this new world.
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๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
17:01
Besides, once the first drivers explain
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์ด ์™ธ์—๋„ ์šฐ์„  ์šด์ „์ž๊ฐ€
17:04
to their confused car
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:05
that the giant chicken at the fork in the road
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๊ฐˆ๋ฆผ๊ธธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ญ์ด
17:08
is actually a restaurant,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์‹๋‹น์ด๋ฉฐ
17:09
and it's okay to keep driving,
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๊ณ„์† ์šด์ „์„ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”.
17:12
every other car on the surface of the Earth
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ๋“ค์€
17:15
will know that from that point on.
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
Five miracles, mostly delivered,
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5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ค„์กŒ๊ณ 
17:20
and now you just need a clear vision
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
17:22
of a better world filled with autonomous vehicles
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
with seductively beautiful and new functional designs
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋งคํ˜น์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์ธ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ
17:29
plus a lot of money and hard work
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์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•ด ๋ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์„œ
17:31
to bring it home.
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๊ทธ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
17:33
The beginning is now only a handful of years away,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋จธ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์ด๋‚ด์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
and I predict that autonomous vehicles
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ฌด์ธ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€
17:38
will permanently change our world
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๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๋ช‡ ์‹ญ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ
17:40
over the next several decades.
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๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:44
In conclusion, I've come to believe
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋Š”
17:47
that the ingredients for the next Pantheons
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๋‹ค์Œ ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š”
17:49
are all around us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:50
just waiting for visionary people
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๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ
17:52
with the broad knowledge,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
17:54
multidisciplinary skills,
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๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์—ด์ •์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
17:56
and intense passion
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๊ฟˆ์„ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ
17:58
to harness them to make their dreams a reality.
424
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:03
But these people don't spontaneously
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ €์ ˆ๋กœ
18:05
pop into existence.
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๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:06
They need to be nurtured and encouraged
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์ด๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์‹œ์ ˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
18:08
from when they're little kids.
428
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๋ณด์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:10
We need to love them and help them
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
18:12
discover their passions.
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์—ด์ •์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:14
We need to encourage them to work hard
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
18:16
and help them understand that failure
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์‹คํŒจ๋Š” ๋ˆ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
18:18
is a necessary ingredient for success,
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์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ž„์„
18:21
as is perseverance.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:23
We need to help them to find their own role models,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
18:26
and give them the confidence to believe in themselves
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
18:29
and to believe that anything is possible,
437
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:32
and just as my grandpa did when he took me shopping for surplus,
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ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
18:35
and just as my parents did
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด
18:37
when they took me to science museums,
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์ €๋ฅผ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
18:39
we need to encourage them to find their own path,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ๋„๋ก ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•ด์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:43
even if it's very different from our own.
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๋น„๋ก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ธธ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„.
18:45
But a cautionary note:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
18:47
We also need to periodically pry them away
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„
18:49
from their modern miracles,
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ
18:50
the computers, phones, tablets,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ, ์ „ํ™”, ํƒœ๋ธ”๋ฆฟ,
18:52
game machines and TVs,
447
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๊ฒŒ์ž„๊ธฐ, TV์—์„œ ๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ด
18:54
take them out into the sunlight
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ํ–‡๋น›์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐ€
18:56
so they can experience both the natural
449
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ,
18:58
and design wonders of our world,
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์ง€๊ตฌ, ๋ฌธ๋ช…์—์„œ
19:01
our planet and our civilization.
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:04
If we don't, they won't understand
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
19:07
what these precious things are
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ 
19:08
that someday they will be resopnsible
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๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
19:11
for protecting and improving.
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:13
We also need them to understand
456
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ ์  ๋” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ
19:15
something that doesn't seem adequately appreciated
457
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
19:18
in our increasingly tech-dependent world,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:20
that art and design
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋””์ž์ธ์€
19:22
are not luxuries,
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ํ˜ธํ™”์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
19:24
nor somehow incompatible
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๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ
19:26
with science and engineering.
462
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ํ˜ธํ™˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:28
They are in fact essential to what makes us special.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:33
Someday, if you get the chance,
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
19:36
perhaps you can take your kids
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
19:37
to the actual Pantheon,
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์‹ค์ œ ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
19:39
as we will our daughter Kira,
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์ €ํฌ๋„ ๋”ธ ํ‚ค๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:42
to experience firsthand
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ํŒํ…Œ๋…ผ์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ํž˜์„
19:44
the power of that astonishing design,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ์š”.
19:48
which on one otherwise unremarkable day in Rome,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋‚ ์€ ๋ณ„๋ณผ์ผ์—†๋Š” ๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์˜€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
19:52
reached 2,000 years into the future
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ํž˜์€ 2,000๋…„์ด๋ž€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ
19:55
to set the course for my life.
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์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:58
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:00
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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