Paula Johnson: His and hers ... healthcare

76,205 views ใƒป 2014-01-22

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kwangmin Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:12
Some of my most wonderful memories of childhood
0
12706
2711
์ €์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์› ๋˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
00:15
are of spending time with my grandmother, Mamar,
1
15417
3551
์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ, ๋งˆ๋งˆ๋ฅด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‰ด์š• ๋ธŒ๋ฃจํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋„ค๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด
00:18
in our four-family home in Brooklyn, New York.
2
18968
3800
์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
Her apartment was an oasis.
3
22768
3075
๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋Š” ์˜ค์•„์‹œ์Šค์˜€์ฃ .
00:25
It was a place where I could sneak a cup of coffee,
4
25843
2045
๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ์šฐ์œ ๋กœ
00:27
which was really warm milk with just a touch of caffeine.
5
27888
3881
๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ปคํ”ผ ํ•œ์ž”์„ ๋งˆ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
She loved life.
6
31769
2534
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
00:34
And although she worked in a factory,
7
34303
2495
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:36
she saved her pennies and she traveled to Europe.
8
36798
3172
๋ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ€์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
And I remember poring over those pictures with her
9
39970
3329
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€
00:43
and then dancing with her to her favorite music.
10
43299
4112
์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์•…์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
And then, when I was eight and she was 60,
11
47411
4622
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ 8์‚ด์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ 60์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์„๋•Œ,
00:52
something changed.
12
52033
2053
๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:54
She no longer worked or traveled.
13
54086
2354
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ผ๋„ ์—ฌํ–‰๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
She no longer danced.
14
56440
1691
๋”์ด์ƒ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”์‹œ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ์š”.
00:58
There were no more coffee times.
15
58131
2753
์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
My mother missed work and took her to doctors
16
60884
2184
์ œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ์ผ์„ ๋นผ์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜
01:03
who couldn't make a diagnosis.
17
63068
2386
์˜์‚ฌ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์…จ์ฃ .
01:05
And my father, who worked at night, would spend every afternoon with her,
18
65454
5337
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐค์— ์ผํ•˜์‹œ๋˜ ์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ๋Š”, ๊ทธ์ € ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์‹์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
01:10
just to make sure she ate.
19
70791
3085
๋งค์ผ ์˜คํ›„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด๋‚ด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
Her care became all-consuming for our family.
20
73876
4700
๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €ํฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:18
And by the time a diagnosis was made,
21
78576
1647
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”,
01:20
she was in a deep spiral.
22
80223
2705
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊นŠ์€ ์†Œ์šฉ๋Œ์ด์— ๋น ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
Now many of you will recognize her symptoms.
23
82928
3561
์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ„์…จ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:26
My grandmother had depression.
24
86489
2663
์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์…จ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
A deep, life-altering depression,
25
89152
3320
๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜,
01:32
from which she never recovered.
26
92472
3090
์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ๊นŠ์€ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๋ง์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
01:35
And back then, so little was known about depression.
27
95562
3691
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
But even today, 50 years later,
28
99253
3405
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 50๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„,
01:42
there's still so much more to learn.
29
102658
3274
๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ• ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Today, we know that women are 70 percent more likely
30
105932
4908
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด 70 ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ •๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด
01:50
to experience depression over their lifetimes
31
110840
2991
์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์„ ์ผ์ƒ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„
01:53
compared with men.
32
113831
2281
์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
And even with this high prevalence,
33
116112
2840
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:58
women are misdiagnosed between 30 and 50 percent of the time.
34
118952
6287
30์—์„œ 50 ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ •๋„์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Now we know that women are more likely
35
125239
2933
์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์— ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ
02:08
to experience the symptoms of fatigue, sleep disturbance,
36
128172
5388
ํ”ผ๋กœ, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์žฅ์• , ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ ์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
02:13
pain and anxiety compared with men.
37
133560
2545
์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
And these symptoms are often overlooked
38
136105
2699
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด๋ผ
02:18
as symptoms of depression.
39
138804
2963
๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
And it isn't only depression in which these sex differences occur,
40
141767
3783
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
02:25
but they occur across so many diseases.
41
145550
4519
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์—์„œ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
So it's my grandmother's struggles
42
150069
1995
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์ด
02:32
that have really led me on a lifelong quest.
43
152064
3733
์ €๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์–ด์ฃผ์‹  ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:35
And today, I lead a center in which the mission
44
155797
3228
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์ €๋Š” ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€
02:39
is to discover why these sex differences occur
45
159025
3779
์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
02:42
and to use that knowledge
46
162804
2102
๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
02:44
to improve the health of women.
47
164906
2959
์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
Today, we know that every cell has a sex.
48
167865
4133
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
Now, that's a term coined by the Institute of Medicine.
49
171998
3953
์ด์ œ, ์ด ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์˜์•ฝ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ถ™์—ฌ์ง„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
And what it means is that men and women are different
50
175951
3761
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ง์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์™€ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์„ธํฌ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ถ„์ž์ ์ธ
02:59
down to the cellular and molecular levels.
51
179712
4442
๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:04
It means that we're different across all of our organs.
52
184154
4940
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
From our brains to our hearts, our lungs, our joints.
53
189094
5495
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ฌ์žฅ, ํ, ๊ด€์ ˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:14
Now, it was only 20 years ago
54
194589
3884
๋ถˆ๊ณผ 20๋…„ ์ „๋งŒํ•ด๋„
03:18
that we hardly had any data on women's health
55
198473
3827
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ด์™ธ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
03:22
beyond our reproductive functions.
56
202300
2883
์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
But then in 1993,
57
205183
2901
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 1993๋…„์—,
03:28
the NIH Revitalization Act was signed into law.
58
208084
4612
NIH ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ™” ์šด๋™์ด ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
And what this law did was it mandated
59
212696
2603
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ
03:35
that women and minorities be included in clinical trials
60
215299
4473
์†Œ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ž„์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์—
03:39
that were funded by the National Institutes of Health.
61
219772
4051
์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฌดํ™” ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
And in many ways, the law has worked.
62
223823
2927
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ, ๊ทธ ๋ฒ•์€ ํšจ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Women are now routinely included in clinical studies,
63
226750
3670
์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ž„์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์กŒ๊ณ ,
03:50
and we've learned that there are major differences
64
230420
2251
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:52
in the ways that women and men
65
232671
2093
์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
03:54
experience disease.
66
234764
2536
๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:57
But remarkably,
67
237300
2165
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:59
what we have learned about these differences is often overlooked.
68
239465
5094
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์šด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
So, we have to ask ourselves the question:
69
244559
3825
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
04:08
Why leave women's health to chance?
70
248384
4513
์™œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์šด์— ๋งก๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
04:12
And we're leaving it to chance in two ways.
71
252897
2643
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šด์— ๋งก๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
The first is that there is so much more to learn
72
255540
3697
์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ
04:19
and we're not making the investment
73
259237
2409
์„ฑ๋ณ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์—”
04:21
in fully understanding the extent of these sex differences.
74
261646
4168
์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
And the second is that we aren't taking what we have learned,
75
265814
4722
๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
04:30
and routinely applying it in clinical care.
76
270536
3704
๋ณ‘์ƒ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
We are just not doing enough.
77
274240
3989
์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:38
So, I'm going to share with you three examples
78
278229
2259
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:40
of where sex differences have impacted the health of women,
79
280488
3706
์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ๋” ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:44
and where we need to do more.
80
284194
2670
์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Let's start with heart disease.
81
286864
2012
์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ณ‘๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:48
It's the number one killer of women in the United States today.
82
288876
5202
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฒ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
This is the face of heart disease.
83
294078
2896
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ณ‘์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
Linda is a middle-aged woman,
84
296974
2281
๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ค‘๋…„์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ,
04:59
who had a stent placed in one of the arteries
85
299255
2585
์‹ฌ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋™๋งฅ์— ์Šคํ…ํŠธ๊ฐ€
05:01
going to her heart.
86
301840
2100
์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
When she had recurring symptoms she went back to her doctor.
87
303940
3251
๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ž ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ”๊ณ ,
05:07
Her doctor did the gold standard test:
88
307191
2638
๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ‘œ์ค€์ ์ธ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ,
05:09
a cardiac catheterization.
89
309829
2287
์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋„๋‡จ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
It showed no blockages.
90
312116
2417
์•„๋ฌด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
05:14
Linda's symptoms continued.
91
314533
2072
๋ฆฐ๋‹ค์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ฆ์„ธ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
She had to stop working.
92
316605
2473
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
05:19
And that's when she found us.
93
319078
2752
๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
When Linda came to us, we did another cardiac catheterization
94
321830
4148
๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋„๋‡จ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹คํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
05:25
and this time, we found clues.
95
325978
3417
์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
But we needed another test
96
329395
2474
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
05:31
to make the diagnosis.
97
331869
2594
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
So we did a test called an intracoronary ultrasound,
98
334463
4580
๊ด€์ƒ ๋™๋งฅ ๋‚ด ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:39
where you use soundwaves to look at the artery
99
339043
2305
์ด๋Š” ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋™๋งฅ์„
05:41
from the inside out.
100
341348
2731
๋ฐ–์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
And what we found
101
344079
1938
์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:46
was that Linda's disease didn't look like
102
346017
2451
๋ฆฐ๋‹ค์˜ ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ณดํ†ต ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ณ‘๊ณผ๋Š”
05:48
the typical male disease.
103
348468
3070
๋‹ฌ๋ž๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
The typical male disease looks like this.
104
351538
3196
์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ‘์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
There's a discrete blockage or stenosis.
105
354734
3312
์—ฌ์ž์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜‘์ฐฉ์ฆ๊ณผ ํ์ƒ‰์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
Linda's disease, like the disease of so many women,
106
358046
4301
๋ฆฐ๋‹ค์˜ ๋ณ‘์€, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด,
06:02
looks like this.
107
362347
1842
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
The plaque is laid down more evenly, more diffusely
108
364189
3537
ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์ด˜์ด˜ํžˆ
06:07
along the artery, and it's harder to see.
109
367726
3972
๋™๋งฅ์— ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
So for Linda, and for so many women,
110
371698
3406
๋ฆฐ๋‹ค์™€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
06:15
the gold standard test wasn't gold.
111
375104
3692
ํ‘œ์ค€์ ์ธ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜€๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:18
Now, Linda received the right treatment.
112
378796
2987
์ž, ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
She went back to her life and, fortunately, today
113
381783
2178
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”๊ณ , ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„,
06:23
she is doing well.
114
383961
1752
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
But Linda was lucky.
115
385713
1606
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
She found us, we found her disease.
116
387319
2626
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์™”๊ณ , ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
But for too many women, that's not the case.
117
389945
2911
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
06:32
We have the tools.
118
392856
2315
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
06:35
We have the technology to make the diagnosis.
119
395171
3681
๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
But it's all too often that these sex diffferences
120
398852
3397
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์  ์ฐจ์ด๋Š”
06:42
are overlooked.
121
402249
2304
๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฌด์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
So what about treatment?
122
404553
2173
์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:46
A landmark study that was published two years ago
123
406726
2710
2๋…„ ์ „ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋œ ํ•œ ์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
06:49
asked the very important question:
124
409436
2422
๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
06:51
What are the most effective treatments for heart disease in women?
125
411858
5055
์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ?
06:56
The authors looked at papers written over a 10-year period,
126
416913
3659
์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ 10๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
07:00
and hundreds had to be thrown out.
127
420572
2478
๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ฌด์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
And what they found out was that of those that were tossed out,
128
423050
4773
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์žˆ๋˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ค‘
07:07
65 percent were excluded
129
427823
3654
65%์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
because even though women were included in the studies,
130
431477
4364
์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ํฌํ•จํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
07:15
the analysis didn't differentiate between women and men.
131
435841
6356
์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํƒ“์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
What a lost opportunity.
132
442197
3221
์ฐธ ์•„์‰ฌ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
The money had been spent
133
445418
2031
๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์›์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:27
and we didn't learn how women fared.
134
447449
2147
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
And these studies could not contribute one iota
135
449596
2801
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด
07:32
to the very, very important question,
136
452397
2417
์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง‰์ค‘ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„
07:34
what are the most effective treatments
137
454814
2391
๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:37
for heart disease in women?
138
457205
2895
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
I want to introduce you to Hortense, my godmother,
139
460100
5492
์ €์˜ ๋Œ€๋ชจ์ธ ํ˜ธํ…์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
Hung Wei, a relative of a colleague,
140
465592
3443
์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์˜ ์นœ์ฒ™์ธ ํฅ ์›จ์ด,
07:49
and somebody you may recognize --
141
469035
2191
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”,
07:51
Dana, Christopher Reeve's wife.
142
471226
3647
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํผ ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด์ธ ๋Œ€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
All three women have something very important in common.
143
474873
4360
์ด ์„ธ๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
All three were diagnosed with lung cancer,
144
479233
3575
์ด ์„ธ๋ช…์€ ํ์•”์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
the number one cancer killer of women
145
482808
2929
ํ์•”์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
08:05
in the United States today.
146
485737
2701
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
All three were nonsmokers.
147
488438
3876
๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ธ๋ช…์€ ๋น„ํก์—ฐ์ž์˜€๊ณ ,
08:12
Sadly, Dana and Hung Wei died of their disease.
148
492314
5166
๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๋Œ€๋‚˜์™€ ํฅ ์›จ์ด๋Š” ์•”์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
Today, what we know is that women who are nonsmokers are three times more likely
149
497480
6140
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„ํก์—ฐ์ž์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
08:23
to be diagnosed with lung cancer than are men
150
503620
2737
๋น„ํก์—ฐ์ž์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ์•”์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด
08:26
who are nonsmokers.
151
506357
1986
3๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋†’์Œ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
Now interestingly, when women are diagnosed with lung cancer,
152
508343
3690
ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„, ํ์•”์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ํ์•”์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค
08:32
their survival tends to be better than that of men.
153
512033
3179
์ƒ์กด๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
Now, here are some clues.
154
515212
1875
์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
Our investigators have found that there are
155
517087
2399
์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ํ์•” ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์—
08:39
certain genes in the lung tumor cells of both women and men.
156
519486
4672
๊ณตํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ์œ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
And these genes are activated
157
524158
2192
์ด ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต
08:46
mainly by estrogen.
158
526350
2090
์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ์  ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋™๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
And when these genes are over-expressed,
159
528440
2818
์ด ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์ด
08:51
it's associated with improved survival
160
531258
2731
์˜ค์ง ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ์กด๋ฅ ์—
08:53
only in young women.
161
533989
2667
๊ด€๊ณ„๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
Now this is a very early finding
162
536656
1674
์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
08:58
and we don't yet know whether it has relevance
163
538330
3643
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€
09:01
to clinical care.
164
541973
2441
์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
But it's findings like this that may provide hope
165
544414
3859
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋“ค์ด
09:08
and may provide an opportunity to save lives
166
548273
2767
๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
09:11
of both women and men.
167
551040
2547
์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
Now, let me share with you an example
168
553587
1381
์ž, ์„ฑ์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
09:14
of when we do consider sex differences, it can drive the science.
169
554968
3978
๊ณผํ•™์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
Several years ago a new lung cancer drug
170
558946
2328
๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋ฅผ
09:21
was being evaluated,
171
561274
1646
ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:22
and when the authors looked at whose tumors shrank,
172
562920
4372
ํ‰๊ฐ€์›๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ์•” ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์ž,
09:27
they found that 82 percent were women.
173
567292
3433
82%๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์•”๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
This led them to ask the question: Well, why?
174
570725
2963
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‰๊ฐ€์›๋“ค์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€์ฃ : "์™œ?"
09:33
And what they found
175
573688
1555
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€,
09:35
was that the genetic mutations that the drug targeted
176
575243
3480
์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€
09:38
were far more common in women.
177
578723
2727
์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ํ”ํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
And what this has led to
178
581450
1699
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:43
is a more personalized approach
179
583149
2182
์„ฑ(ๅง“)์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—
09:45
to the treatment of lung cancer that also includes sex.
180
585331
4154
๋” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
This is what we can accomplish
181
589485
2095
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์„
09:51
when we don't leave women's health to chance.
182
591580
3826
๋ฐฉ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:55
We know that when you invest in research,
183
595406
3208
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
09:58
you get results.
184
598614
1526
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
Take a look at the death rate from breast cancer over time.
185
600140
4508
์‹œ๊ฐ„์ˆœ์˜ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:04
And now take a look at the death rates
186
604648
1925
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ์•”์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„
10:06
from lung cancer in women over time.
187
606573
3332
์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:09
Now let's look at the dollars invested in breast cancer --
188
609905
3610
์ด์ œ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋“  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:13
these are the dollars invested per death --
189
613515
2969
์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ  ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
and the dollars invested in lung cancer.
190
616484
4228
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ์•” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋“  ๋น„์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
Now, it's clear that our investment in breast cancer
191
620712
4921
์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•œ ๋ˆ์ด
10:25
has produced results.
192
625633
1789
๊ธ์ •์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™•์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
They may not be fast enough,
193
627422
2333
์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋น ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
10:29
but it has produced results.
194
629755
2226
๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
10:31
We can do the same
195
631981
1804
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ์•”์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ‘์—์„œ๋„
10:33
for lung cancer and for every other disease.
196
633785
4991
๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
So let's go back to depression.
197
638776
3326
์ž, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:42
Depression is the number one cause
198
642102
2310
์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์žฅ์•  ์œ ๋ฐœ ์š”์ธ ์ค‘
10:44
of disability in women in the world today.
199
644412
4592
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
Our investigators have found
200
649004
2135
์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€
10:51
that there are differences in the brains
201
651139
1816
์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‡Œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ
10:52
of women and men
202
652955
1477
๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
10:54
in the areas that are connected with mood.
203
654432
3119
๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
And when you put men and women
204
657551
2073
MRI ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ,
10:59
in a functional MRI scanner --
205
659624
1875
์ฆ‰ ๋‡Œ์˜ ํ™œ๋™ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ
11:01
that's the kind of scanner that shows how the brain is functioning when it's activated --
206
661499
4547
์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
11:06
so you put them in the scanner and you expose them to stress.
207
666046
4043
๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด,
11:10
You can actually see the difference.
208
670089
3887
๋‘˜์˜ ๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
And it's findings like this
209
673976
2529
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€
11:16
that we believe hold some of the clues
210
676505
2981
์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
11:19
for why we see these very significant sex differences
211
679486
3753
์„ฑ์  ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์„
11:23
in depression.
212
683239
2254
๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
But even though we know
213
685493
1558
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:27
that these differences occur,
214
687051
2867
์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:29
66 percent
215
689918
2653
๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์˜
11:32
of the brain research that begins in animals
216
692571
3996
66ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€
11:36
is done in either male animals
217
696567
2326
๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์ˆ˜์ปท์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:38
or animals in whom the sex is not identified.
218
698893
4347
์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
So, I think we have to ask again the question:
219
703240
3619
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
11:46
Why leave women's health to chance?
220
706859
4802
์™œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์šด์— ๋งก๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
11:51
And this is a question that haunts those of us
221
711661
2828
์ด ์˜๋ฌธ์ ์€ ์ œ์•ฝ๊ณ„์™€ ์˜ํ•™๊ณ„
11:54
in science and medicine
222
714489
1811
์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ธ๋งค๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
who believe that we are on the verge of being able to dramatically improve
223
716300
6359
์ด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ทน์ ์ธ
12:02
the health of women.
224
722659
1676
ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
We know that every cell has a sex.
225
724335
2486
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
We know that these differences are often overlooked.
226
726821
2942
๋˜ ์ด ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
And therefore we know that women are not getting the full benefit
227
729763
4288
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ์˜ํ•™์˜
12:14
of modern science and medicine today.
228
734051
3899
ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
We have the tools
229
737950
1651
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
12:19
but we lack the collective will and momentum.
230
739601
3882
์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์˜์ง€์™€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
Women's health is an equal rights issue
231
743483
2744
์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ๋‚จ๋…€์˜ ๋™์ผ ์ž„๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
12:26
as important as equal pay.
232
746227
3554
์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด์Šˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
And it's an issue of the quality
233
749781
2184
๋˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ์˜ํ•™์˜
12:31
and the integrity of science and medicine.
234
751965
3155
์ง„์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด์ค„ ์ด์Šˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
(Applause)
235
755120
7463
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:42
So imagine the momentum we could achieve
236
762583
4545
์ด์ œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
12:47
in advancing the health of women
237
767128
2111
๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
12:49
if we considered whether these sex differences were present
238
769239
2859
์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํ–ฅ์ƒ์˜
12:52
at the very beginning of designing research.
239
772098
3589
ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:55
Or if we analyzed our data by sex.
240
775687
3879
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
So, people often ask me:
241
779566
1948
์ž, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
13:01
What can I do?
242
781514
1771
"์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์š”?"
13:03
And here's what I suggest:
243
783285
2334
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
13:05
First, I suggest that you think about women's health
244
785619
4173
์ฒซ์งธ, ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ
13:09
in the same way
245
789792
1743
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
13:11
that you think and care about other causes that are important to you.
246
791535
6045
์ด์Šˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
And second, and equally as important,
247
797580
3182
๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
13:20
that as a woman,
248
800762
2212
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด,
13:22
you have to ask your doctor
249
802974
2641
๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
13:25
and the doctors who are caring for those who you love:
250
805615
4412
๋ณด์‚ดํ”ผ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”:
13:30
Is this disease or treatment different in women?
251
810027
4876
"์ด ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ฆ์„ธ์™€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฐ€์š”?"
13:34
Now, this is a profound question because the answer is likely yes,
252
814903
3588
์ž, ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‹ต์ด "๋„ค"์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
but your doctor may not know the answer, at least not yet.
253
818491
3697
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ต์ด ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
But if you ask the question, your doctor will very likely
254
822188
4376
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด,
13:46
go looking for the answer.
255
826564
2282
๊ทธ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
And this is so important,
256
828846
2337
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
13:51
not only for ourselves,
257
831183
2162
๋น„๋‹จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
13:53
but for all of those whom we love.
258
833345
2653
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
Whether it be a mother, a daughter, a sister,
259
835998
4484
ํ•œ๋ช…์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ, ๋”ธ, ์—ฌํ˜•์ œ,
14:00
a friend or a grandmother.
260
840482
3697
์นœ๊ตฌ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฐ„์—์š”.
14:04
It was my grandmother's suffering
261
844179
2143
์ €์˜ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์€
14:06
that inspired my work
262
846322
1933
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—
14:08
to improve the health of women.
263
848255
2985
๋น ์ง€๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
That's her legacy.
264
851240
2350
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์ธ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
Our legacy can be to improve the health of women
265
853590
4669
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์€ ์ด ์„ธ๋Œ€์™€
14:18
for this generation
266
858259
2139
๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜
14:20
and for generations to come.
267
860398
3022
๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
Thank you.
268
863420
2149
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
(Applause)
269
865569
3282
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7