Shigeru Ban: Emergency shelters made from paper

371,405 views ・ 2013-08-13

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Alma TulipchcolAte κ²€ν† : Gemma Lee
00:12
Hi. I am an architect.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”. μ €λŠ” κ±΄μΆ•κ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
I am the only architect in the world
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μ €λŠ” μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μœ μΌν•˜κ²Œ
00:16
making buildings out of paper like this cardboard tube,
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이 λ§ˆλΆ„μ§€ν†΅κ³Ό 같은 μ’…μ΄λ‘œ 건물을 μ§“λŠ” κ±΄μΆ•κ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
and this exhibition is the first one I did
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그리고 이것은 λ§ˆλΆ„μ§€ν†΅μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ
00:22
using paper tubes.
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첫 μ „μ‹œνšŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
1986, much, much longer before people started talking
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1986λ…„, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
00:28
about ecological issues and environmental issues,
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μƒνƒœκ³„μ™€ ν™˜κ²½ λ¬Έμ œμ— κ΄€ν•˜μ—¬ λ…Όν•˜κΈ° 훨씬 전에
00:32
I just started testing the paper tube
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μ €λŠ” 쒅이관을 건좕 ꡬ쑰물둜
00:35
in order to use this as a building structure.
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μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 이미 μ‹œν—˜ν•΄ 보고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
It's very complicated to test the new material for the building,
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건물을 μœ„ν•΄ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μ‹œν—˜ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„μ£Ό μ–΄λ €μš΄ μΌμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
00:43
but this is much stronger than I expected,
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쒅이관은 μ œκ°€ μ˜ˆμƒν–ˆλ˜ 것 보닀 훨씬 κ°•ν–ˆκ³ ,
00:46
and also it's very easy to waterproof,
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방수 μ²˜λ¦¬λ„ μ‰¬μšΈλΏ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
00:48
and also, because it's industrial material,
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μ‚°μ—…μš© μž¬λ£Œμ΄κΈ°μ—
00:50
it's also possible to fireproof.
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내화성도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
Then I built the temporary structure, 1990.
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1990년에 μ €λŠ” μž„μ‹œ 건물을 μ§€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
This is the first temporary building made out of paper.
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이것이 μ’…μ΄λ‘œ λ§Œλ“  첫 μž„μ‹œ κ±΄λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
There are 330 tubes, diameter 55 [centimeters],
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지름 55 cm의 쒅이관 330κ°œμ™€
01:03
there are only 12 tubes with a diameter
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지름 120 cm λ˜λŠ” λ„ˆλΉ„ 4 ν”ΌνŠΈμ˜ 쒅이관 12개만으둜
01:05
of 120 centimeters, or four feet, wide.
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이루어진 것이죠.
01:08
As you see it in the photo, inside is the toilet.
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이 μ‚¬μ§„μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό μ•ˆμ—λŠ” ν™”μž₯싀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
In case you're finished with toilet paper,
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ν˜Ήμ‹œλ‚˜ ν™”μž₯지가 λ–¨μ–΄μ‘Œμ„ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”
01:13
you can tear off the inside of the wall. (Laughter)
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벽에 μžˆλŠ” 쒅이λ₯Ό λœ―μ–΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ›ƒμŒ)
01:15
So it's very useful.
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€ λ³΄λ‹ˆ, μ•„μ£Ό μœ μš©ν•˜μ£ .
01:18
Year 2000, there was a big expo in Germany.
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2000λ…„μ—λŠ” λ…μΌμ—μ„œ μ•„μ£Ό 큰 λ°•λžŒνšŒκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:22
I was asked to design the building,
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κ·Έ λ°•λžŒνšŒμ˜ μ£Όμ œκ°€ ν™˜κ²½ λ¬Έμ œμ˜€κΈ°μ—
01:24
because the theme of the expo was environmental issues.
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μ €ν•œν…Œ 건물을 섀계해달라고 μš”μ²­ν•˜λ”λΌκ΅¬μš”.
01:27
So I was chosen to build the pavilion out of paper tubes,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μž¬ν™œμš©μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ’…μ΄κ΄€μœΌλ‘œ
01:32
recyclable paper.
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μ „μ‹œνšŒ 가섀건물을 짓도둝 μ„ μ •λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
01:33
My goal of the design is not when it's completed.
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제 μ„€κ³„μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ 건물이 μ™„μ„±λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
My goal was when the building was demolished,
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κ·Έ λͺ©μ μ€ 건물이 μ² κ±°λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œμ˜€μ–΄μš”.
01:38
because each country makes a lot of pavilions
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 각 λ‚˜λΌλŠ” λ§Žμ€ 가섀건물듀을 μ§“μ§€λ§Œ
01:42
but after half a year, we create a lot of industrial waste,
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λ°˜λ…„μ •λ„ μ§€λ‚˜κ³  λ‚˜λ©΄ λ§Žμ€ μ‚°μ—… μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λ₯Ό 생성해내죠.
01:46
so my building has to be reused or recycled.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ 지은 건물은 μž¬μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ±°λ‚˜ μž¬ν™œμš©μ΄ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
After, the building was recycled.
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κ·Έ 후에, κ·Έ 건물은 μž¬ν™œμš©μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
So that was the goal of my design.
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그것이 제 μ„€κ³„μ˜ λͺ©μ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
Then I was very lucky to win the competition
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그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ μ•„μ£Ό 운이 μ’‹κ²Œλ„ ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ˜ λ„μ‹œ λ©”μΈ μ—μ„œ
01:58
to build the second Pompidou Center in France
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ 퐁피두 μ„Όν„°λ₯Ό μ§€μ„μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ”
02:01
in the city of Metz.
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곡λͺ¨μ „μ—μ„œ μš°μŠΉν–ˆμ£ .
02:02
Because I was so poor,
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μ €λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ κ°€λ‚œν–ˆκΈ°μ—,
02:04
I wanted to rent an office in Paris,
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νŒŒλ¦¬μ—μ„œ 사무싀을 μž„λŒ€ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:06
but I couldn't afford it,
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κ·ΈλŸ΄λ§Œν•œ μ—¬μœ κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:07
so I decided to bring my students to Paris
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 제 학생듀을 파리둜 데리고 μ™€μ„œ
02:09
to build our office on top of the Pompidou Center in Paris
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파리 퐁피두 μ„Όν„° μœ„μ—
02:13
by ourselves.
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사무싀을 μ§“κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:14
So we brought the paper tubes and the wooden joints
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쒅이관과 λ‚˜λ¬΄ λ‚˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό 가지고 μ™€μ„œ
02:18
to complete the 35-meter-long office.
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35 λ―Έν„° 길이의 사무싀을 μ™„μ„±ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:22
We stayed there for six years without paying any rent.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μž„λŒ€λ£Œλ₯Ό 내지 μ•Šκ³  6λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ κ±°κΈ°μ„œ μ§€λƒˆμ–΄μš”.
02:25
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(μ›ƒμŒ) (λ°•μˆ˜)
02:29
Thank you. I had one big problem.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 큰 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ ν•˜λ‚˜ μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:31
Because we were part of the exhibition,
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κ·Έ 사무싀은 μ „μ‹œνšŒμ˜ ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μ΄μ—ˆκΈ°μ—
02:33
even if my friend wanted to see me, they had to buy a ticket to see me.
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μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ΄ μ €λ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚˜λŸ¬ 올 λ•Œ μž…μž₯κΆŒμ„ 사야 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
That was the problem.
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그것이 λ¬Έμ œμ˜€μ–΄μš”.
02:39
Then I completed the Pompidou Center in Metz.
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그리곀 μ €λŠ” 메츠에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ 퐁피두 μ„Όν„°λ₯Ό μ™„κ³΅ν•˜μ˜€μ£ .
02:42
It's a very popular museum now,
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ•„μ£Ό 유λͺ…ν•œ 박물관이죠.
02:43
and I created a big monument for the government.
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그리고 μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ 큰 기념비λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
But then I was very disappointed
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그러고 λ‚˜μ„œλŠ” μ €λŠ” κ±΄μΆ•κ°€λ‘œμ„œμ˜
02:49
at my profession as an architect,
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제 직업에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ μ•„μ£Ό 크게 μ‹€λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
because we are not helping, we are not working for society,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ€ μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ•λŠ” 일을 ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
02:55
but we are working for privileged people,
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νŠΉκΆŒμ„ 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€
02:58
rich people, government, developers.
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즉 λΆ€μžλ“€κ³Ό, μ •λΆ€, κ°œλ°œμ—…μžλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μΌν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
They have money and power.
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그듀은 돈과 힘이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
Those are invisible.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그것듀은 λˆˆμ— 보이지 μ•Šμ•„μš”.
03:06
So they hire us to visualize their power and money
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그듀은 μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ„ κ³ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 기념적인 건물을 μ§€μŒμœΌλ‘œμ¨
03:10
by making monumental architecture.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 힘과 λˆμ„ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
03:12
That is our profession, even historically it's the same,
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그것이 우리의 직업인데, 심지어 과거에도 그랬고
03:14
even now we are doing the same.
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ λ˜‘κ°™μ€ 일을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
So I was very disappointed that we are not working for society,
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μžμ—° μž¬ν•΄λ‘œ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
03:20
even though there are so many people
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집을 μžƒμ—ˆμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  우리 건좕가듀이
03:24
who lost their houses by natural disasters.
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μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μΌν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 맀우 μ‹€λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
03:27
But I must say they are no longer natural disasters.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κΌ­ λ§μ”€λ“œλ €μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것은 더이상 μžμ—° μž¬ν•΄λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
For example, earthquakes never kill people,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ§€μ§„μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ ˆλŒ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 죽지 μ•Šκ³ 
03:33
but collapse of the buildings kill people.
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건물 λΆ•κ΄΄λ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ£½μ£ .
03:35
That's the responsibility of architects.
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그건 κ±΄μΆ•κ°€λ“€μ˜ μ±…μž„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
Then people need some temporary housing,
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그러면 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μž„μ‹œ μ£Όκ±° 곡간이 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
03:39
but there are no architects working there
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이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μΌν•˜λŠ” 건좕가듀은 μ—†μ£ .
03:40
because we are too busy working for privileged people.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ€ νŠΉκΆŒμΈ΅μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μΌν•˜λŠλΌ μ•„μ£Ό λ°”μ˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
03:44
So I thought, even as architects,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ±΄μΆ•κ°€λ‘œμ¨ μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
we can be involved in the reconstruction of temporary housing.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μž„μ‹œ μ£Όκ±° κ³΅κ°„μ˜ μž¬κ±΄μΆ•μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν• μˆ˜ μžˆκ² κ΅¬λ‚˜.
03:53
We can make it better.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ’€ 더 λ‚˜μ€ ν™˜κ²½μ„ λ§Œλ“€μˆ˜ μžˆμ„κ±°μ•Ό.
03:54
So that is why I started working in disaster areas.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 이유둜 μ €λŠ” μž¬λ‚œ ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
1994, there was a big disaster in Rwanda, Africa.
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1994년에, 아프리카 λ₯΄μ™„닀에 μ•„μ£Ό 큰 μž¬λ‚œμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
04:02
Two tribes, Hutu and Tutsi, fought each other.
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ν›„νˆ¬μ‘±κ³Ό νˆ¬νŠΈμ‹œμ‘±, 두 뢀쑱이 μ„œλ‘œ μ‹Έμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
Over two million people became refugees.
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2백만λͺ…이 λ„˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ‚œλ―Όμ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:07
But I was so surprised to see the shelter, refugee camp
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” μœ μ—”μ—μ„œ 지은 λ‚œλ―Ό μΊ ν”„λ₯Ό λ³΄κ³ μ„œ
04:11
organized by the U.N.
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μ•„μ£Ό 깜짝 λ†€λžμ–΄μš”.
04:13
They're so poor, and they are freezing
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λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ κ°€λ‚œν–ˆκ³ , μž₯λ§ˆμ² μ—λŠ”
04:17
with blankets during the rainy season,
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이뢈만 가지고 μΆ”μœ„μ— λ–¨κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:19
In the shelters built by the U.N.,
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μœ μ—”μ΄ 지은 λŒ€ν”Όμ†Œμ—μ„œλŠ”
04:22
they were just providing a plastic sheet,
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λΉ„λ‹λ‘œ 된 κΉ”κ°œλ§Œ μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
04:24
and the refugees had to cut the trees, and just like this.
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λ‚œλ―Όλ“€μ€ λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό 잘라였고 μžˆλŠ” 그런 μƒν™©μ΄μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
04:28
But over two million people cut trees.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 2백만λͺ…이 λ„˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό 자λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:30
It just became big, heavy deforestation
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이것은 μ•„μ£Ό μ‹¬κ°ν•œ μ‚Όλ¦Ό νŒŒκ΄΄μ™€
04:33
and an environmental problem.
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ν™˜κ²½ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
04:34
That is why they started providing aluminum pipes, aluminum barracks.
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그런 κΉŒλ‹­μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ£¨λ―ΈλŠ„ κ΄€κ³Ό μ•Œλ£¨λ―ΈλŠ„ 막사λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
Very expensive, they throw them out for money,
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μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ λΉ„μ‹Έμš”. 그듀은 λˆμ„ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 막 써버리고선
04:40
then cutting trees again.
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λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ 자λ₯΄κ³ μš”.
04:42
So I proposed my idea to improve the situation
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 상황을 κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ°μœ„ν•΄
04:46
using these recycled paper tubes
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μž¬ν™œμš© 쒅이관을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  것을 μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
because this is so cheap and also so strong,
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이것은 μ•„μ£Ό κ°’μ‹Έκ³  νŠΌνŠΌν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:51
but my budget is only 50 U.S. dollars per unit.
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제 μ˜ˆμ‚°μ€ κ³ μž‘ ν•œ 가ꡬ당 50λ‹¬λŸ¬λ°–μ— μ•ˆ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
We built 50 units to do that as a monitoring test
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 내ꡬ성, 슡기, 흰개미 ν”Όν•΄ 등을
04:57
for the durability and moisture and termites, so on.
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μ§€μΌœλ³΄κΈ°μœ„ν•΄ 50가ꡬλ₯Ό μ§€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
And then, year afterward, 1995, in Kobe, Japan,
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그러고 λͺ‡λ…„ 후에 1995λ…„ 일본 코베에
05:07
we had a big earthquake.
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큰 지진이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
Nearly 7,000 people were killed,
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거의 7천λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ£½μ—ˆκ³ ,
05:11
and the city like this Nagata district,
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λ‚˜κ°€νƒ€ 지역ꡬ와 같은 λ„μ‹œλŠ”,
05:14
all the city was burned in a fire after the earthquake.
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지진 뒀에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ λΆˆμ— λͺ¨λ‘ νƒ€λ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
And also I found out there's many Vietnamese refugees
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λ˜ν•œ λ§Žμ€ λ² νŠΈλ‚¨ λ‚œλ―Όλ“€μ΄
05:21
suffering and gathering at a Catholic church --
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μΉ΄ν†¨λ¦­κ΅νšŒμ— λͺ¨μ—¬μ„œ 고톡받고 μžˆλŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
all the building was totally destroyed.
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건물이 λͺ¨λ‘ νŒŒκ΄΄λ˜μ–΄ λ²„λ ΈμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
05:26
So I went there and also I proposed to the priests,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‹ λΆ€λ‹˜κ»˜ μ°Ύμ•„κ°€ μ œμ•ˆμ„ ν–ˆμ£ .
05:29
"Why don't we rebuild the church out of paper tubes?"
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"μ’…μ΄κ΄€μœΌλ‘œ ꡐ회λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μ§“λŠ” 건 μ–΄λ– μ„Έμš”?"
05:32
And he said, "Oh God, are you crazy?
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κ·Έκ°€ λ‹΅ν•˜κΈΈ, "였 μ‹ μ΄μ‹œμ—¬, λ‹Ήμ‹  μ •μ‹  λ‚˜κ°”μ†Œ?
05:35
After a fire, what are you proposing?"
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λΆˆμ΄λ‚˜ 이 지경인데, 무슨 μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆκΉŒ?"
05:37
So he never trusted me, but I didn't give up.
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μ‹ λΆ€λ‹˜μ€ μ €λ₯Ό 믿지 μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” ν¬κΈ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
I started commuting to Kobe,
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μ €λŠ” μ½”λ² λ‘œ μΆœν‡΄κ·Όμ„ ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
05:43
and I met the society of Vietnamese people.
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λ² νŠΈλ‚¨ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 단체λ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
They were living like this with very poor plastic sheets
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그듀은 κ³΅μ›μ—μ„œ
05:48
in the park.
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μ•„μ£Ό ν˜•νŽΈμ—†λŠ” 비닐 κΉ”κ°œλ₯Ό 치고 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
So I proposed to rebuild. I raised -- did fundraising.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ μž¬κ±΄μΆ•μ„ μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³  κΈ°κΈˆμ„ λͺ¨κΈˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
I made a paper tube shelter for them,
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그듀을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 쒅이관 λŒ€ν”Όμ†Œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ³ 
05:55
and in order to make it easy to be built by students
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학생듀이 μ‰½κ²Œ 건물을 짓고
05:58
and also easy to demolish,
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철거도 μ‰½κ²Œ ν•˜λ„λ‘
06:00
I used beer crates as a foundation.
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λ§₯μ£Ό μƒμžλ₯Ό 건물의 ν† λŒ€λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
I asked the Kirin beer company to propose,
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μ œκ°€ κΈ°λ¦° λ§₯μ£ΌνšŒμ‚¬μ— μš”μ²­ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:06
because at that time, the Asahi beer company
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έλ‹Ήμ‹œμ— μ•„μ‚¬νžˆλ§₯μ£ΌνšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œλŠ”
06:08
made their plastic beer crates red,
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± λ§₯μ£Όλ°•μŠ€λ₯Ό λΉ¨κ°•μƒ‰μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
06:10
which doesn't go with the color of the paper tubes.
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쒅이관듀과 색상이 μ–΄μšΈλ¦¬μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
06:13
The color coordination is very important.
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μƒ‰μƒμ˜ μ‘°ν™”λŠ” 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:15
And also I still remember, we were expecting
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그리고 μ§€κΈˆλ„ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λŠ”λ°,
06:18
to have a beer inside the plastic beer crate,
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κ·Έ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± λ§₯μ£Ό μƒμž μ•ˆμ— λ§₯μ£Όκ°€ λ“€μ–΄μžˆμ„κ±°λΌ κΈ°λŒ€ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
06:21
but it came empty. (Laughter)
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ν……ν…… λΉ„μ–΄μ„œ μ™”λ”κ΅°μš”. (μ›ƒμŒ)
06:22
So I remember it was so disappointing.
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μ•„μ£Ό μ‹€λ§ν–ˆλ˜ 기얡이 λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:26
So during the summer with my students,
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μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  κ·Έ μ—¬λ¦„λ™μ•ˆ 제 학생듀과 ν•¨κ»˜
06:28
we built over 50 units of the shelters.
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50가ꡬ가 λ„˜λŠ” λŒ€ν”Όμ†Œλ₯Ό μ§€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
Finally the priest, finally he trusted me to rebuild.
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λ“œλ””μ–΄ κ·Έ μ‹ λΆ€λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ μž¬κ±΄μΆ•μ„ ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ―Ώμ–΄μ£Όμ‹œλ”κ΅°μš”.
06:33
He said, "As long as you collect money by yourself,
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κ·Έκ°€ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ, "κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ λˆμ„ λͺ¨μ•„μ˜€κ³ 
06:35
bring your students to build, you can do it."
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학생듀을 데리고 μ™€μ„œ μ§“λŠ”λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€."
06:38
So we spent five weeks rebuilding the church.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ ꡐ회λ₯Ό μž¬κ±΄μΆ•ν•˜λŠ”λ° 5μ£Όλ₯Ό λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
It was meant to stay there for three years,
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μž¬κ±΄μΆ•λ¬Όμ€ 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆλ§Œ 있기둜 ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
06:44
but actually it stayed there 10 years because people loved it.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ μ‚¬λž‘ν•œ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 10λ…„λ™μ•ˆ κ±°κΈ° μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
Then, in Taiwan, they had a big earthquake,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬κ³ μ„  타이완에도 큰 지진이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
and we proposed to donate this church,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ ꡐ회λ₯Ό κΈ°λΆ€ν•˜λŠ” 것이 어떠냐고 μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³ 
06:55
so we dismantled them,
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κ·Έ 건물을 λΆ„ν•΄ν•œ λ’€
06:56
we sent them over to be built by volunteer people.
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μžμ›λ΄‰μ‚¬μžλ“€μ΄ μ§€μ„μˆ˜ μžˆλ„λ‘ 건물 자재λ₯Ό λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
It stayed there in Taiwan as a permanent church even now.
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이 κ΅νšŒλŠ” 이제 νƒ€μ΄μ™„μ—μ„œ 상섀 ꡐ회둜 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
So this building became a permanent building.
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이 건물은 상섀 건물이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
Then I wonder, what is a permanent and what is a temporary building?
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그러곀 슀슀둜 κΆκΈˆν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”. 무엇이 상섀 건물이고 μž„μ‹œ 건물인가?
07:09
Even a building made in paper
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μ’…μ΄λ‘œ λ§Œλ“  건물도
07:11
can be permanent as long as people love it.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λ©΄ 상섀 건물이 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
Even a concrete building can be very temporary
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콘크리트 건물도
07:17
if that is made to make money.
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λˆμ„ λ²ŒκΈ°μœ„ν•΄ 지은 것이라면 μž„μ‹œ 건물이 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
In 1999, in Turkey, the big earthquake,
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1999λ…„ 터킀에 큰 지진이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
I went there to use the local material to build a shelter.
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έ μ§€μ—­μ˜ 재료둜 λŒ€ν”Όμ†Œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 그곳에 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:26
2001, in West India, I built also a shelter.
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2001λ…„ μ„œμΈλ„μ—λ„ λŒ€ν”Όμ†Œλ₯Ό μ§€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
In 2004, in Sri Lanka, after the Sumatra earthquake
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2004λ…„, μŠ€λ¦¬λž‘μΉ΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 수마트라 지진과
07:34
and tsunami, I rebuilt Islamic fishermen's villages.
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μ“°λ‚˜λ―Έ 이후에 νšŒκ΅λ„ μ–΄λΆ€λ“€μ˜ λ§ˆμ„μ„ μž¬κ±΄μΆ•ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
And in 2008, in Chengdu, Sichuan area in China,
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그리고 2008λ…„ 쀑ꡭ 쓰촨에 μžˆλŠ” μ²­λ‘μ—μ„œ
07:43
nearly 70,000 people were killed,
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거의 7만λͺ…이 μ£½μ—ˆκ³ ,
07:46
and also especially many of the schools were destroyed
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ λ‹Ήκ΅­κ³Ό κ±΄μ„€μ—…μžλ“€μ˜ λΆ€νŒ¨ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
07:49
because of the corruption between the authority and the contractor.
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특히 λ§Žμ€ 학ꡐ듀이 λΆ•κ΄΄λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
I was asked to rebuild the temporary church.
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μ €λŠ” μž„μ‹œκ΅νšŒλ₯Ό μž¬κ±΄μΆ•ν•΄λ‹¬λΌλŠ” μš”μ²­μ„ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
I brought my Japanese students to work with the Chinese students.
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쀑ꡭ인 학생듀과 같이 μΌν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 제 일본인 학생듀을 데리고 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
In one month, we completed nine classrooms,
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ν•œ 달 μ•ˆμ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ꡐ싀 9개λ₯Ό μ§€μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
08:02
over 500 square meters.
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500 μ œκ³±λ―Έν„°κ°€ λ„˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
It's still used, even after the current earthquake in China.
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μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 졜근의 지진에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€ κ·Έ ꡐ싀을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
In 2009, in Italy, L'Aquila, also they had a big earthquake.
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2009λ…„ μ΄νƒœλ¦¬ 라퀼라에 λ˜ν•œ 큰 지진이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
And this is a very interesting photo:
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그리고 이것은 μ•„μ£Ό ν₯미둜운 μ‚¬μ§„μΈλ°μš”:
08:16
former Prime Minister Berlusconi
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μ „ 총리 λ²¨λ£¨μŠ€μ½”λ‹ˆμ™€
08:19
and Japanese former former former former Prime Minister Mr. Aso --
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일본의 μ „ μ „ μ „ μ „ 총리 μ•„μ†Œμ”¨.
08:23
you know, because we have to change the prime minister ever year.
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό 일본은 총리가 맀년 λ°”λ€Œλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:27
And they are very kind, affording my model.
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그듀은 제 λͺ¨λΈμ˜ μžκΈˆμ„ μ œκ³΅ν•΄μ€„ μ •λ„λ‘œ 맀우 μΉœμ ˆν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
08:32
I proposed a big rebuilding, a temporary music hall,
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μ €λŠ” 큰규λͺ¨μ˜ μž„μ‹œ μŒμ•…λ‹Ή μž¬κ±΄μΆ•μ„ μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
08:36
because L'Aquila is very famous for music
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λΌν€ΌλΌλŠ” μŒμ•…μœΌλ‘œ μ•„μ£Ό 유λͺ…ν•œ 곳인데,
08:39
and all the concert halls were destroyed,
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λͺ¨λ“  μ—°μ£ΌνšŒμž₯이 νŒŒκ΄΄λ˜λŠ” λ°”λžŒμ—
08:40
so musicians were moving out.
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μŒμ•…κ°€λ“€μ΄ κ·Έ 곳을 λ– λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
08:42
So I proposed to the mayor,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μ‹œμž₯μ—κ²Œ
08:44
I'd like to rebuild the temporary auditorium.
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μž„μ‹œ 강당을 μž¬κ±΄μΆ•ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€κ³  μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμ£ .
08:46
He said, "As long as you bring your money, you can do it."
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κ·Έκ°€ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ, "당신이 μžκΈˆμ„ 가지고 μ˜¨λ‹€λ©΄ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 해도 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
08:49
And I was very lucky.
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κ·Έ λ•Œ μ €λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό 운이 μ’‹μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
08:50
Mr. Berlusconi brought G8 summit,
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총리 λ² λ£¨μŠ€μ½”λ‹ˆμ”¨μ™€ 일본의 μ „ 총리가
08:52
and our former prime minister came,
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G8 μ •μƒνšŒμ˜μ—μ„œ μ™€μ„œ
08:55
so they helped us to collect money,
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λˆμ„ λͺ¨μ„ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ„μ™€μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
and I got half a million euros from the Japanese government
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그리고 μ €λŠ” κ·Έ μž„μ‹œ 강당을 μž¬κ±΄μΆ•ν•  50만 유둜λ₯Ό
09:01
to rebuild this temporary auditorium.
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일본 μ •λΆ€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ§€μ›λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:03
Year 2010 in Haiti, there was a big earthquake,
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2010λ…„ 아이티에 큰 지진이 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
09:08
but it's impossible to fly over,
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λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λ‘œ κ°€κΈ°λŠ” λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:10
so I went to Santo Domingo, next-door country,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” κ·Έ μ˜†μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ λ‚˜λΌ μ‚°ν†  λ„λ°κ³ λ‘œ κ°€μ„œ
09:13
to drive six hours to get to Haiti
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μ‚°ν†  λ„λ°κ³ μ˜ 지역 학생듀과 ν•¨κ»˜
09:16
with the local students in Santo Domingo
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κ·Έ μ§€μ—­μ˜ μ’…μ΄κ΄€μœΌλ‘œ 50κ°€κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€ν”Όμ†Œλ₯Ό 짓기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
09:19
to build 50 units of shelter out of local paper tubes.
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μ•„μ΄ν‹°λ‘œ 6μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ μš΄μ „ν•΄ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:22
This is what happened in Japan two years ago, in northern Japan.
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이것은 2λ…„μ „ μΌλ³Έμ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 일이죠, 일본의 뢁μͺ½μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:26
After the earthquake and tsunami,
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지진과 μ“°λ‚˜λ―Έ 이후에
09:28
people had to be evacuated in a big room like a gymnasium.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ²΄μœ‘κ΄€κ³Ό 같은 큰 κ³΅κ°„μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€ν”Όν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:32
But look at this. There's no privacy.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것을 λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μ‚¬μƒν™œμ΄ μ „ν˜€ 보μž₯λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ£ .
09:34
People suffer mentally and physically.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ •μ‹ μ μœΌλ‘œ 윑체적으둜 고톡받고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:36
So we went there to build partitions
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 칸막이λ₯Ό 짓기 μœ„ν•΄
09:40
with all the student volunteers with paper tubes,
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쒅이관을 가지고 μžμ›λ΄‰μ‚¬ 학생듀과 ν•¨κ»˜ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:43
just a very simple shelter out of the tube frame and the curtain.
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쒅이관과 μ»€ν…μœΌλ‘œ μ•„μ£Ό κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ λŒ€ν”Όμ†Œκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
09:47
However, some of the facility authority
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬ κΈ°κ΄€μ—μ„œ
09:50
doesn't want us to do it, because, they said,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” ν•˜λŠ”μΌμ„ μ›μΉ˜ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”, μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄
09:52
simply, it's become more difficult to control them.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ 더 μ–΄λ €μ›Œμ‘ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:55
But it's really necessary to do it.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 κΌ­ ν•„μš”ν•œ μΌμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:58
They don't have enough flat area to build
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그듀은 이와 같은 μ •λΆ€ κΈ°μ€€μ˜ 단측집을
10:00
standard government single-story housing like this one.
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μ§€μ„λ§Œν•œ ν‰ν‰ν•œ 곳이 μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
10:03
Look at this. Even civil government is doing
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이것을 λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μ‹œλ―Ό 정뢀도
10:06
such poor construction of the temporary housing,
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μž„μ‹œ 거주곡간을 λΆ€μ‹€ν•˜κ²Œ μ§€μ–΄μ„œ
10:10
so dense and so messy because there is no storage, nothing, water is leaking,
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물건을 보관할 곡간도 μ—†κ³  물도 μƒˆμ–΄μ„œ μ•„μ£Ό 비쒁고 μ§€μ €λΆ„ν•˜μ£ .
10:16
so I thought, we have to make multi-story building
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 볡측의 건물을 지어야 κ² λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:20
because there's no land and also it's not very comfortable.
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μ™œλƒν–λ©΄ 땅도 없을 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 맀우 λΆˆνŽΈν–ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
10:23
So I proposed to the mayor while I was making partitions.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 칸막이λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ μ €λŠ” μ‹œμž₯μ—κ²Œ μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
Finally I met a very nice mayor in Onagawa village
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λ“œλ””μ–΄ μ €λŠ” 미야기에 μžˆλŠ” μ˜€λ‚˜κ°€μ™€μ—μ„œ
10:31
in Miyagi.
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μ•„μ£Ό 멋진 μ‹œμž₯을 λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:32
He asked me to build three-story housing on baseball [fields].
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κ·Έκ°€ 야ꡬμž₯에 μ‚ΌμΈ΅μ§œλ¦¬ 건물을 지어달라 ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
10:37
I used the shipping container
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μ €λŠ” μ„ λ°• μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
10:40
and also the students helped us to make
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λ˜ν•œ 학생듀은 그곳을 μ’€ 더 νŽΈν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
10:42
all the building furniture
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가ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것을
10:45
to make them comfortable,
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λ„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:47
within the budget of the government
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μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ˜ˆμ‚°μ— 맞좰
10:49
but also the area of the house is exactly the same,
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μ§‘μ˜ 면적은 λ˜‘κ°™μ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
10:53
but much more comfortable.
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훨씬 더 νŽΈν–ˆμ£ .
10:54
Many of the people want to stay here forever.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 계속 지내기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:57
I was very happy to hear that.
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κ·Έ 말을 λ“€μ—ˆμ„λ•Œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κΈ°λ»€λŠ”μ§€ λͺ°λΌμš”.
11:00
Now I am working in New Zealand, Christchurch.
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μ§€κΈˆ μ €λŠ” λ‰΄μ§ˆλžœλ“œ ν¬λΌμ΄μŠ€νŠΈκ΅νšŒμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:04
About 20 days before the Japanese earthquake happened,
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일본의 지진이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κΈ° μ•½ 20일전에
11:07
also they had a big earthquake,
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κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œλ„ 큰 지진이 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
11:09
and many Japanese students were also killed,
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λ§Žμ€ 일본인 학생듀이 μ£½μ—ˆκ³ 
11:11
and the most important cathedral of the city,
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κ·Έ λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 성당인
11:14
the symbol of Christchurch, was totally destroyed.
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크라이슀트 ꡐ회의 상징이 μ™„μ „νžˆ λΆ•κ΄΄λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
11:17
And I was asked to come to rebuild the temporary cathedral.
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μ €λŠ” μž„μ‹œ λŒ€μ„±λ‹Ήλ₯Ό μž¬κ±΄μΆ•ν•΄λ‹¬λΌλŠ” μš”μ²­μ„ λ°›μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
11:21
So this is under construction.
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μ§€κΈˆ ν˜„μž¬ 건좕쀑에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:23
And I'd like to keep building monuments
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μ €λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λŠ”
11:26
that are beloved by people.
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기념적인 건물듀을 계속 짓고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:28
Thank you very much.
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맀우 κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:30
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
11:32
Thank you. (Applause)
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (λ°•μˆ˜)
11:35
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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맀우 κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (λ°•μˆ˜)
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