Honor Harger: A history of the universe in sound

40,689 views ใƒป 2011-06-23

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sophia Yu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Dae-won Jeong
00:21
Space,
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์šฐ์ฃผ
00:23
we all know what it looks like.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
We've been surrounded by images of space
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์ƒ๋‚ด๋‚ด
00:27
our whole lives,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
from the speculative images
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๊ทธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”
00:31
of science fiction
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์ถ”์ธก์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
00:33
to the inspirational visions of artists
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ์˜๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์˜์ƒ๋“ค,
00:36
to the increasingly beautiful pictures
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๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ํ•œ
00:39
made possible by complex technologies.
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์ ์  ๋” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
But whilst we have
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ
00:44
an overwhelmingly vivid
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์••๋„์ ์ผ ๋งŒํผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ
00:46
visual understanding of space,
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด
00:48
we have no sense of what space sounds like.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
And indeed, most people associate space with silence.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉด ์ ๋ง‰ํ•จ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
But the story of how
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ
00:57
we came to understand the universe
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋Š”
00:59
is just as much a story of listening
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๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:01
as it is by looking.
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๋“ค์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
And yet despite this,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„
01:06
hardly any of us have ever heard space.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
How many of you here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€
01:11
could describe the sound
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ„์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜
01:13
of a single planet or star?
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ด๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:15
Well in case you've ever wondered,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ํ˜น์‹œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:17
this is what the Sun sounds like.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
(Static)
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(ํšจ๊ณผ์Œ)
01:33
(Crackling)
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(ํšจ๊ณผ์Œ)
01:37
(Static)
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(ํšจ๊ณผ์Œ)
01:43
(Crackling)
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(ํšจ๊ณผ์Œ)
01:47
This is the planet Jupiter.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
(Soft crackling)
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(ํšจ๊ณผ์Œ)
02:10
And this is the space probe Cassini
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผํƒ์‚ฌ์„  Cassini๊ฐ€
02:13
pirouetting through the ice rings of Saturn.
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์ž์ „ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ† ์„ฑ์˜ ์–ผ์Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋šซ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
(Crackling)
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(ํšจ๊ณผ์Œ)
02:37
This is a a highly condensed clump
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ
02:40
of neutral matter,
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์ค‘์„ฑ์ž๋ณ„์ด
02:42
spinning in the distant universe.
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์›๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ž์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
(Tapping)
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(ํšจ๊ณผ์Œ)
03:04
So my artistic practice
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์ €์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ์ž‘์—…์€
03:06
is all about listening
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
03:08
to the weird and wonderful noises
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๊ฒฝ์ด์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ฒœ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š”
03:11
emitted by the magnificent celestial objects
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๋‚ฏ์„ค๊ณ ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„
03:14
that make up our universe.
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๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
And you may wonder,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
03:19
how do we know what these sounds are?
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
How can we tell the difference
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๋˜ ํƒœ์–‘์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€
03:23
between the sound of the Sun
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ํŽ„์„œ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
03:25
and the sound of a pulsar?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:27
Well the answer
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
03:29
is the science of radio astronomy.
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์ „ํŒŒ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
Radio astronomers
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์ „ํŒŒ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
03:33
study radio waves from space
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋Š” ์ „ํŒŒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
using sensitive antennas and receivers,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์™€ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๋Š”
03:38
which give them precise information
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์ „ํŒŒ์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ธ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€
03:40
about what an astronomical object is
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜ ์–ด๋””์ฏค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:43
and where it is in our night sky.
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์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
And just like the signals
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ
03:47
that we send and receive here on Earth,
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์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
03:50
we can convert these transmissions into sound
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
03:53
using simple analog techniques.
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์ˆ˜์‹ ๋œ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:56
And therefore, it's through listening
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ
03:59
that we've come to uncover
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€
04:01
some of the universe's most important secrets --
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๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€
04:04
its scale, what it's made of
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€
04:07
and even how old it is.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
So today, I'm going to tell you a short story
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์งง์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
04:12
of the history of the universe through listening.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
It's punctuated
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
04:17
by three quick anecdotes,
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์งง์€ ์„ธ ์ผํ™”์— ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
which show how accidental encounters
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์ด ์ผํ™”๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
04:21
with strange noises
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์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
04:23
gave us some of the most important information
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
04:26
we have about space.
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๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Now this story doesn't start
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
04:30
with vast telescopes
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ
04:32
or futuristic spacecraft,
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๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒœ์ฒด๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
but a rather more humble technology --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋งค์ฒด๋Š”
04:38
and in fact, the very medium
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
which gave us the telecommunications revolution
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‚ถ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ
04:43
that we're all part of today:
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์ „์žํ†ต์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋งค์ฒด
04:45
the telephone.
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์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
It's 1876, it's in Boston,
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1876๋…„ ๋ณด์Šคํ†ค์—์„œ
04:50
and this is Alexander Graham Bell
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Alexander Graham Bell์ด
04:52
who was working with Thomas Watson
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Thomas Watson๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
04:54
on the invention of the telephone.
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์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
A key part of their technical set up
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
05:00
was a half-mile long length of wire,
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๋ฐ˜๋งˆ์ผ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ์ „์„ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
which was thrown across the rooftops
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์ด ์ „์„ ์„ ๋ณด์Šคํ†ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ง‘์˜ ์ง€๋ถ•์œ„์—
05:04
of several houses in Boston.
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๋Š˜์–ด๋œจ๋ ค ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
The line carried the telephone signals
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์ด ์„ ์€ ์ „ํ™” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:10
that would later make Bell a household name.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์—๋Š” Bell ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
But like any long length of charged wire,
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์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธด ์ „์„ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
05:16
it also inadvertently became
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์ด ์ „์„ ์€ ์šฐ์—ฐํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ์—
05:18
an antenna.
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์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:20
Thomas Watson
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Thomas Watson์€
05:22
spent hours listening
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์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ๋„ ๊ทธ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ
05:24
to the strange crackles and hisses
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
and chirps and whistles
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๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒํƒ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‰ฌ์ต ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:29
that his accidental antenna detected.
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์žฌ์ž˜๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Now you have to remember,
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์ž ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€
05:34
this is 10 years before
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์ด ์‹œ์ ์ด Heinrich Hertz ๊ฐ€
05:36
Heinrich Hertz proved the existence of radio waves --
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์ „ํŒŒ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ 10๋…„์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
15 years before Nikola Tesla's four-tuned circuit --
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Nikola aTesla์˜ 4๋™์กฐํšŒ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜๊ธฐ 15๋…„ ์ „์ด๊ณ 
05:43
nearly 20 years before Marconi's first broadcast.
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Marconi์˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 20๋…„์ „์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
So Thomas Watson wasn't listening to us.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ Thomas Watson์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:50
We didn't have the technology
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ „์†ก๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„
05:52
to transmit.
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์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
So what were these strange noises?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—ˆ์ด์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:58
Watson was in fact listening
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Watson์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ž์—ฐ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ
06:00
to very low-frequency radio emissions
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์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง„๋™์ˆ˜์˜
06:02
caused by nature.
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์ „ํŒŒ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Some of the crackles and pops were lightning,
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ํƒํƒํŠ€๋ฉด์„œ ํ„ฐ์ง€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
06:07
but the eerie whistles
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์œผ์Šค์Šคํ•œ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€
06:10
and curiously melodious chirps
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋ฉœ๋กœ๋””๋ฅผ ๋ˆ ์ง€์ €๊ท๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:13
had a rather more exotic origin.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์›์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
Using the very first telephone,
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Watson์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
06:18
Watson was in fact
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ํ•˜๋Š˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
06:20
dialed into the heavens.
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์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
As he correctly guessed,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ถ”ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
06:24
some of these sounds were caused
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
06:26
by activity on the surface of the Sun.
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ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
It was a solar wind
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Watson์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:31
interacting with our ionosphere
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ํƒœ์–‘ํ’์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด์˜จ์ธต๊ณผ
06:33
that he was listening to --
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์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ธด ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
06:35
a phenomena which we can see
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๋ถ์œ„์™€ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๋‚จ์œ„์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
06:37
at the extreme northern and southern latitudes of our planet
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๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:40
as the aurora.
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์˜ค๋กœ๋ผ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
So whilst inventing the technology
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์ „์žํ†ต์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ํ•œ
06:45
that would usher in the telecommunications revolution,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
06:49
Watson had discovered
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Watson์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด
06:51
that the star at the center of our solar system
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
06:54
emitted powerful radio waves.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
He had accidentally been the first person
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฒญ์ทจํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ
07:00
to tune in to them.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
Fast-forward 50 years,
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์ด์ œ 50๋…„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค..
07:04
and Bell and Watson's technology
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์ด์ œ Bell๊ณผ Watson์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
07:07
has completely transformed
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ์„
07:09
global communications.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
But going from slinging some wire
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด์Šคํ†ค์˜ ์ง€๋ถ•์œ„์—
07:13
across rooftops in Boston
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์ „์„ ์„ ํœ™ ๋˜์ ธ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
07:15
to laying thousands and thousands of miles of cable
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งˆ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘ ํ•ด์ €๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š”
07:18
on the Atlantic Ocean seabed
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์ „ํ™”์„ ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
07:20
is no easy matter.
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์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
And so before long,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋จธ์ง€์•Š์•„
07:24
Bell were looking to new technologies
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Bell์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์„ ์ตœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
07:26
to optimize their revolution.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
Radio could carry sound without wires.
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์ „ํŒŒ์—๋Š” ์ „์„ ์—†์ด๋„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
But the medium is lossy --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†์‹ค์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
it's subject to a lot of noise and interference.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์žก์Œ๊ณผ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋„ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
So Bell employed an engineer
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Bell์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž ํ•œ๋ช…์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
07:40
to study those noises,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žก์Œ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ
07:42
to try and find out where they came from,
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋””์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
with a view towards building
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:46
the perfect hardware codec, which would get rid of them
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
07:49
so they could think about using radio
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์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
07:51
for the purposes of telephony.
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
Most of the noises
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Karl Jansky๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
07:56
that the engineer, Karl Jansky, investigated
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์žก์Œ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์ด
07:59
were fairly prosaic in origin.
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๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜
08:01
They turned out to be lightning
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ ฅ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
08:03
or sources of electrical power.
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๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
But there was one persistent noise
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Jansky๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜
08:09
that Jansky couldn't identify,
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์ง‘์š”ํ•œ ์žก์Œ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:11
and it seemed to appear
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๊ทธ ์žก์Œ์€ ๋งค์ผ 4๋ถ„์”ฉ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ
08:13
in his radio headset
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์—
08:15
four minutes earlier each day.
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์žกํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
Now any astronomer will tell you,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋ผ๋„
08:20
this is the telltale sign
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๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
08:22
of something that doesn't originate from Earth.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
Jansky had made a historic discovery,
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Jansky๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
that celestial objects could emit radio waves
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์ฒœ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋น›๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
08:32
as well as light waves.
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์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
Fifty years on
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Watson์ด ํƒœ์–‘๊ณผ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋œจ๋ฆฐ ์ดํ›„
08:36
from Watson's accidental encounter with the Sun,
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50๋…„๋™์•ˆ
08:39
Jansky's careful listening
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Jansky์˜ ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ์€ ์ฒญ์ทจ๋Š”
08:41
ushered in a new age of space exploration:
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์ „ํŒŒ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š”
08:44
the radio astronomy age.
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์šฐ์ฃผํƒ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์—ด๊ฒŒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
Over the next few years,
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๊ทธํ›„๋กœ ๋ช‡๋…„๋™์•ˆ
08:48
astronomers connected up their antennas to loudspeakers
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์Šคํ”ผ์ปค์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ 
08:52
and learned about our radio sky,
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๋ชฉ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „ํŒŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ
08:54
about Jupiter and the Sun,
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๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ
08:56
by listening.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
Let's jump ahead again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ข€ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
It's 1964,
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1964๋…„,
09:02
and we're back at Bell Labs.
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Bell์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
And once again,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ
09:06
two scientists have got a problem with noise.
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๋‘๋ช…์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์žก์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋ถ€๋‹ฅํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
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Arno Penzias์™€ Rober Wilson์€
09:12
were using the horn antenna
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Holmdel์— ์žˆ๋Š” Bell์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ
09:14
at Bell's Holmdel laboratory
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๋‚˜ํŒ”ํ˜• ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
09:16
to study the Milky Way
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์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:18
with extraordinary precision.
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์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
They were really listening
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
09:22
to the galaxy in high fidelity.
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๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
There was a glitch in their soundtrack.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
A mysterious persistent noise
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์˜ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์งˆ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ
09:30
was disrupting their research.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
It was in the microwave range,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทน์ดˆ๋‹จํŒŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
and it appeared to be coming
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๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์ œํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์—์„œ
09:36
from all directions simultaneously.
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๋“ค๋ ค์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
Now this didn't make any sense,
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๋ง์ด ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
and like any reasonable engineer or scientist,
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์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋‚˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
09:43
they assumed that the problem must be the technology itself,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
it must be the dish.
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์›๋ฐ˜์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์— ๋‘ฅ์ง€๋ฅผ ํŠผ ๋น„๋‘˜๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:48
There were pigeons roosting in the dish.
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์›๋ฐ˜์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
And so perhaps once they cleaned up the pigeon droppings,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋น„๋‘˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์„ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
get the disk kind of operational again,
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์›๋ฐ˜์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์›์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
09:56
normal operations would resume.
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๋Œ๋ ค ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:59
But the noise didn't disappear.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์žก์Œ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
The mysterious noise
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Penzias์™€ Wilson์ด ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
10:04
that Penzias and Wilson were listening to
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๊ทธ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์˜ํ•œ ์žก์Œ์€
10:07
turned out to be the oldest and most significant sound
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘
10:10
that anyone had ever heard.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
It was cosmic radiation
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ„์ƒ ํ›„์—
10:14
left over from the very birth of the universe.
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๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
This was the first experimental evidence
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋น…๋ฑ…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ 
10:21
that the Big Bang existed
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์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ 147์–ต๋…„ ์ „
10:23
and the universe was born at a precise moment
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๊ทธ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์— ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
10:26
some 14.7 billion years ago.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
So our story ends
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
10:33
at the beginning --
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ธ
10:35
the beginning of all things, the Big Bang.
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ํƒœ์ดˆ, ๋น…๋ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋์ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
This is the noise that Penzias and Wilson heard --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
10:41
the oldest sound that you're ever going to hear,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, Penzias์™€ Wilson์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
the cosmic microwave background radiation
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๋น…๋ฑ…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง„
10:47
left over from the Big Bang.
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๊ทน์ดˆ๋‹จํŒŒ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
(Fuzz)
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.
11:04
Thanks.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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