The opportunity of adversity | Aimee Mullins

650,317 views ใƒป 2010-02-19

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ChangHyun Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:17
I'd like to share with you a discovery that I made a few months ago
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๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ „ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ํŒ Wired์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด์„œ
00:22
while writing an article for Italian Wired.
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Š๋‚€ ์ ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
I always keep my thesaurus handy whenever I'm writing anything,
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์ €๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋Š˜ ์œ ์˜์–ด์‚ฌ์ „์„ ์˜†์— ๋‘๊ณค ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:28
but I'd already finished editing the piece,
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๊ต์ •์„ ๋ง‰ ๋๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
00:31
and I realized that I had never once in my life
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ‰์ƒ ์‚ฌ์ „์—์„œ "์žฅ์• "๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋œป์„
00:34
looked up the word "disabled" to see what I'd find.
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๋‹จ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์–ด์š”.
00:38
Let me read you the entry.
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์‚ฌ์ „์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณผ๊ป˜์š”.
00:41
"Disabled, adjective: crippled, helpless, useless, wrecked,
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"์žฅ์• ": ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ- ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ์˜, ์•ฝํ•œ, ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๋Š”, ๋ง๊ฐ€์ง„,
00:49
stalled, maimed, wounded, mangled, lame, mutilated,
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๋ง‰๋ง‰ํ•œ, ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ์˜, ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์ž…์€, ์ง“์ด๊ฒจ์ง„, ๋ณ€๋ณ€์ฐฎ์€, ํ›ผ์†๋œ,
00:56
run-down, worn-out, weakened, impotent, castrated, paralyzed, handicapped,
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์‡ ํ‡ดํ•œ, ๋‚ก์€, ์•ฝํ™”๋œ, ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ•œ, ํž˜์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ธด, ๋งˆ๋น„๋œ, ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”,
01:06
senile, decrepit, laid-up, done-up, done-for, done-in
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๋…ธ๋งํ•œ, ๋…ธ์‡ ํ•œ, ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„์šด, ๋…น์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด, ๋ชน์‹œ ์ง€์นœ, ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๋‚œ,
01:12
cracked-up, counted-out;
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์‡ ์•ฝํ•œ, ์†Œ์™ธ๋œ;
01:16
see also hurt, useless and weak.
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๋˜๋Š” ์•„ํ”ˆ, ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๋Š”, ์•ฝํ•œ.
01:20
Antonyms, healthy, strong, capable."
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ง์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ, ๊ฐ•ํ•œ, ์œ ๋Šฅํ•œ.
01:26
I was reading this list out loud to a friend and at first was laughing,
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์ „ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ
01:30
it was so ludicrous,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ™ฉ๋‹นํ•ด์„œ ์›ƒ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:32
but I'd just gotten past "mangled," and my voice broke,
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โ€˜์ง“์ด๊ธฐ๋‹คโ€™๋ฅผ ์ฝ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋ชฉ์ด ๋ฉ”์˜€๊ณ ,
01:37
and I had to stop and collect myself
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์˜ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์€
01:40
from the emotional shock and impact that the assault from these words unleashed.
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ฐธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:50
You know, of course, this is my raggedy old thesaurus
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋‚ก๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‚ฌ์ „์ด๋ผ
01:53
so I'm thinking this must be an ancient print date, right?
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'๊ทธ๋ž˜. ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ์‚ฌ์ „์ด๋ผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑธ๊ฑฐ์•ผ' ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:56
But, in fact, the print date was the early 1980s,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ „์€ 80๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ์ถœํŒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:01
when I would have been starting primary school
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฐ“ ์ž…ํ•™ํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฌด๋ ต์œผ๋กœ
02:03
and forming an understanding of myself outside the family unit
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜
02:07
and as related to the other kids and the world around me.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ œ ์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ด์ง€์š”.
02:10
And, needless to say, thank God I wasn't using a thesaurus back then.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋‹คํ–‰์ด์—์š”.
02:15
I mean, from this entry, it would seem that I was born into a world
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ „์˜ ์ •์˜๋Œ€๋กœ๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ด์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ €๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
02:21
that perceived someone like me
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์žฅ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
02:23
to have nothing positive whatsoever going for them,
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์กด์žฌ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์งˆ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
02:28
when in fact, today I'm celebrated for the opportunities and adventures
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์–ด๋‚ธ ์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ ๋ชจํ—˜๋“ค๋กœ
02:34
my life has procured.
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์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
So, I immediately went to look up the 2009 online edition,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 2009๋…„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
expecting to find a revision worth noting.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
02:46
Here's the updated version of this entry.
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์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
Unfortunately, it's not much better.
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„์ง„ ๊ฒŒ ์—†๋„ค์š”.
02:52
I find the last two words under "Near Antonyms," particularly unsettling:
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ“๋ง ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:58
"whole" and "wholesome."
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"์˜จ์ „ํ•œ" ๊ณผ "๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
So, it's not just about the words.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
It's what we believe about people when we name them with these words.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์›Œ์งˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ ์ž…๊ฒฌ๊ณผ
03:09
It's about the values behind the words, and how we construct those values.
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๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๊ฐ์ถ”์–ด์ง„ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€, ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:14
Our language affects our thinking and how we view the world
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์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹, ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ,
03:18
and how we view other people.
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ํƒ€์ธ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
In fact, many ancient societies, including the Greeks and the Romans,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์™€ ๋กœ๋งˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:24
believed that to utter a curse verbally was so powerful,
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์ €์ฃผ๋„ ์ž…๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์„œ ๋ง๋กœํ•  ๋•Œ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:29
because to say the thing out loud brought it into existence.
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๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ์น˜๋ฉด ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
So, what reality do we want to call into existence:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”.
03:40
a person who is limited, or a person who's empowered?
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๋ฌด๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”.
03:46
By casually doing something as simple as naming a person, a child,
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๋ฌด์‹ฌ์ฝ” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ '์–ด๋ฆฐ์•„์ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋ถ™์ด๊ณ ๋Š”
03:52
we might be putting lids and casting shadows on their power.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ตฌ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ต๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
Wouldn't we want to open doors for them instead?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋“ค์— ์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
04:03
One such person who opened doors for me was my childhood doctor
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์–ด๋ฆด ์  ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์‹  ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ„์…จ์–ด์š”.
04:06
at the A.I. duPont Institute in Wilmington, Delaware.
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๋ธ๋ผ์›จ์–ด์ฃผ, ์œŒ๋ฐํ„ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“€ํ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:11
His name was Dr. Pizzutillo,
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๊ทธ๋ถ„์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ํ”ผ์ฃผํ‹ธ๋กœ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
an Italian American, whose name, apparently,
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์ดํƒœ๋ฆฌ๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฆ„์ด, ๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
04:16
was too difficult for most Americans to pronounce,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ,
04:18
so he went by Dr. P.
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P์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ €์ง€์š”.
04:20
And Dr. P always wore really colorful bow ties
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P์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ๋‚˜๋น„ ๋„ฅํƒ€์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฉ”๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…”๊ณ 
04:24
and had the very perfect disposition to work with children.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์†Œ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
I loved almost everything about my time spent at this hospital,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:35
with the exception of my physical therapy sessions.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋งŒํผ์€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
I had to do what seemed like innumerable repetitions of exercises
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์žฌํ™œ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
04:43
with these thick, elastic bands -- different colors,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ‰๊น”์˜ ๋‘๊บผ์šด ๊ณ ๋ฌด ๋ฐด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:47
you know -- to help build up my leg muscles,
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์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:51
and I hated these bands more than anything --
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์ „ ์ด ๋ฐด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์ผ ์‹ซ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:53
I hated them, had names for them. I hated them.
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์‹ซ์–ด์„œ, ์š•์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ •๋„์˜€์–ด์š”. ์ •๋ง ์‹ซ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:56
And, you know, I was already bargaining, as a five year-old child,
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 5์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์žฌํ™œ์šด๋™์„ ๋นผ๋จน์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋Š”์ง€
05:00
with Dr. P to try to get out of doing these exercises,
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P์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ ํฅ์ •์„ ํ•  ์ •๋„์˜€์–ด์š”.
05:03
unsuccessfully, of course.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์ง„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
05:05
And, one day, he came in to my session --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚ , ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์ œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋•Œ ์˜ค์…”์„œ --
05:10
exhaustive and unforgiving, these sessions --
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์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—„๊ฒฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์—์„œ์š” --
05:14
and he said to me, "Wow. Aimee, you are such a strong and powerful little girl,
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ, "์ด์•ผ, ์—์ด๋ฏธ, ๋„Œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ํž˜์ด ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋…€๋กœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜,
05:20
I think you're going to break one of those bands.
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๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๋„ˆ ์ด ๋ฐด๋“œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฏค์€ ๋Š์–ด๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ,
05:23
When you do break it, I'm going to give you a hundred bucks."
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์ด๊ฑธ ๋Š์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆํ•œํ…Œ 100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋งˆ."
05:26
Now, of course, this was a simple ploy on Dr. P's part
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์ง€๊ธˆ์—์•ผ, ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ด๊ฑด P์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด
05:30
to get me to do the exercises I didn't want to do
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ณ„๋žต์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:33
before the prospect of being the richest five-year-old in the second floor ward,
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2์ธต ๋ณ‘๋™์˜ 5์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋’ค๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:38
but what he effectively did for me was reshape an awful daily occurrence
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋œ ๋”์ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„
05:46
into a new and promising experience for me.
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์ €๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
And I have to wonder today to what extent his vision
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์ง€๊ธˆ์™€์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ €๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ๊ณผ
05:54
and his declaration of me as a strong and powerful little girl
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์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํž˜์ด ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋…€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €๋˜ ํ•œ๋งˆ๋”” ๋•๋ถ„์—
06:00
shaped my own view of myself
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์ œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋„ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
as an inherently strong, powerful and athletic person well into the future.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํž˜์ด ๋„˜์น˜๊ณ  ์žฅ๋ž˜์— ์–ด์—ฟํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:08
This is an example of how adults in positions of power
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
06:11
can ignite the power of a child.
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๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
But, in the previous instances of those thesaurus entries,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋™์˜์–ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
06:19
our language isn't allowing us to evolve into the reality that we would all want,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ธ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:26
the possibility of an individual to see themselves as capable.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
Our language hasn't caught up with the changes in our society,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ซ’์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
many of which have been brought about by technology.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ฐœ์ „์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:40
Certainly, from a medical standpoint,
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์˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„ 
06:42
my legs, laser surgery for vision impairment,
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์ œ ์˜์กฑ, ๋ผ์‹์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜
06:48
titanium knees and hip replacements for aging bodies
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๋…ธ์‡ ํ•œ ๋ชธ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ํ‹ฐํƒ€๋Š„ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ๊ณผ ๊ณจ๋ฐ˜๋ผˆ๋Š”
06:51
that are allowing people to more fully engage with their abilities,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์šฐ๋ฉฐ
06:54
and move beyond the limits that nature has imposed on them --
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์ž์—ฐ์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ํ•œ๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
not to mention social networking platforms
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๋˜ํ•œ, ์†Œ์…œ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํ‚น ํ”Œ๋žซํผ๋„
07:03
allow people to self-identify, to claim their own descriptions of themselves,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ž์•„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค์„œ
07:08
so they can go align with global groups of their own choosing.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
So, perhaps technology is revealing more clearly to us now
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
07:17
what has always been a truth:
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๋งŒ๊ณ ๋ถˆ๋ณ€์˜ ์ง„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ
07:20
that everyone has something rare and powerful to offer our society,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํฌ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:28
and that the human ability to adapt is our greatest asset.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ์‘๋ ฅ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
The human ability to adapt, it's an interesting thing,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ์‘๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
07:36
because people have continually wanted to talk to me about overcoming adversity,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ทน๋ณต์„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์ €์™€ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
and I'm going to make an admission:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
07:45
This phrase never sat right with me,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์ €์—๊ฒ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
07:47
and I always felt uneasy trying to answer people's questions about it,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋Š˜ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:51
and I think I'm starting to figure out why.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด์ œ์•ผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
Implicit in this phrase of "overcoming adversity"
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์—ญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์— ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
07:59
is the idea that success, or happiness,
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ด๋ผ๋˜๊ฐ€, ํ–‰๋ณต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:03
is about emerging on the other side of a challenging experience
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๊ณ ๋œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:06
unscathed or unmarked by the experience,
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์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฐ›์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
08:11
as if my successes in life have come about from an ability
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:15
to sidestep or circumnavigate the presumed pitfalls of a life with prosthetics,
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์˜์กฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ €์˜ ์žฅ์• ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜๋“ค์„
08:20
or what other people perceive as my disability.
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ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šฐํšŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด์š”.
08:23
But, in fact, we are changed. We are marked, of course, by a challenge,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์–ด์š”.
08:29
whether physically, emotionally or both.
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์œก์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜, ํ˜น์€ ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๋„์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์š”.
08:32
And I'm going to suggest that this is a good thing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์—ญ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๊ฝค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
Adversity isn't an obstacle that we need to get around
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์—ญ๊ฒฝ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
in order to resume living our life.
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์—ญ๊ฒฝ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
It's part of our life.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
And I tend to think of it like my shadow.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ €์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž์ธ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
Sometimes I see a lot of it, sometimes there's very little,
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์–ด๋–จ๋• ์ž˜ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ , ์–ด๋–จ๋• ์ž˜ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
08:51
but it's always with me.
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๋Š˜ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
And, certainly, I'm not trying to diminish the impact, the weight, of a person's struggle.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ , ํˆฌ์Ÿ์˜ ์••๋ฐ•๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ํ„ํ•˜ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
There is adversity and challenge in life,
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์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋„์ „์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:03
and it's all very real and relative to every single person,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:06
but the question isn't whether or not you're going to meet adversity,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ง ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
09:10
but how you're going to meet it.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
So, our responsibility is not simply shielding those we care for from adversity,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:20
but preparing them to meet it well.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ ๋งž์ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
And we do a disservice to our kids
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์— ์ ์‘ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
09:27
when we make them feel that they're not equipped to adapt.
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์งˆ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณค ํ•˜์ž–์•„์š”.
09:34
There's an important difference and distinction
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์ž ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๊ณผ ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
between the objective medical fact of my being an amputee
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์˜ํ•™ ์†Œ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ
09:42
and the subjective societal opinion of whether or not I'm disabled.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ๋ƒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฒฌํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:48
And, truthfully, the only real and consistent disability I've had to confront
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์†”์งํžˆ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์žฅ์• ๋Š”
09:53
is the world ever thinking that I could be described by those definitions.
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์ €๋ฅผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์ „์  ์ •์˜๋“ค๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
In our desire to protect those we care about
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๋ณด์‚ดํ•Œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:02
by giving them the cold, hard truth about their medical prognosis,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ•™์  ์˜ˆํ›„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๋•Œ๋‚˜
10:06
or, indeed, a prognosis on the expected quality of their life,
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ํ˜น์€, ์ •๋ง๋กœ, ์˜ํ•™์  ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆด ๋•Œ
10:10
we have to make sure that we don't put the first brick in a wall
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์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ์ž๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ชฐ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”
10:14
that will actually disable someone.
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๋ฒฝ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
Perhaps the existing model of only looking at what is broken in you
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:24
and how do we fix it, serves to be more disabling to the individual
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๊ทธ ์ฆ์ƒ ์ž์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋งŒ
10:28
than the pathology itself.
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ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
10:31
By not treating the wholeness of a person,
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์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฒฉ์ฒด๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
10:36
by not acknowledging their potency,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฌต์‚ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์„œ
10:38
we are creating another ill on top of whatever natural struggle they might have.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ ์ฒœ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ จ ์œ„์— ๋”ํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์•ˆ๊ฒจ ์ค„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
We are effectively grading someone's worth to our community.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
10:51
So we need to see through the pathology
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ณ‘์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
10:54
and into the range of human capability.
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๊ฐœ์ธ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
And, most importantly, there's a partnership
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฑด, ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ
11:04
between those perceived deficiencies
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€
11:06
and our greatest creative ability.
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๋™๋ฐ˜์ž ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
So it's not about devaluing, or negating, these more trying times
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ„ํ•˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:14
as something we want to avoid or sweep under the rug,
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ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋Š”๋ฐ์— ๊ณต์„ ๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค
11:18
but instead to find those opportunities wrapped in the adversity.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์— ๊ฐ์ถฐ์ง„ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
So maybe the idea I want to put out there is
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„
11:26
not so much overcoming adversity
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์—ญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋ ค ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์• ์“ฐ์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ ,
11:31
as it is opening ourselves up to it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด์–ด๋‘๊ณ 
11:35
embracing it,
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
11:38
grappling with it,
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๋ฉ”๋‹ค ๊ฝ‚๊ธฐ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:40
to use a wrestling term,
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ํ”„๋กœ๋ ˆ์Šฌ๋ง ์‹ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์“ฐ์ž๋ฉด์š”,
11:42
maybe even dancing with it.
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๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ถค์ถ”๋“ฏ ์ฆ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:46
And, perhaps, if we see adversity as natural, consistent and useful,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ , ๋ณ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์œ ์ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:54
we're less burdened by the presence of it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ง˜๊ณ ์ƒํ•  ์ผ์€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
This year we celebrate the 200th birthday of Charles Darwin,
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์˜ฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ฐฐ์Šค๋‹ค์œˆ ํƒ„์ƒ 200์ฃผ๋…„์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด์ฃ .
12:00
and it was 150 years ago, when writing about evolution,
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150๋…„์ „ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ๋ฉด์„œ
12:04
that Darwin illustrated, I think, a truth about the human character.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํŠน์ง•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
To paraphrase: It's not the strongest of the species that survives,
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๋‹ค์œˆ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, "๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ข…์ด ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
12:13
nor is it the most intelligent that survives;
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์ข…์ด ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
12:16
it is the one that is most adaptable to change.
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๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…์ด ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."
12:21
Conflict is the genesis of creation.
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ํˆฌ์Ÿ์€ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์˜ ๋ชจํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
From Darwin's work, amongst others, we can recognize that
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๋‹ค์œˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€
12:29
the human ability to survive and flourish
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ์กด๊ณผ ๋ฒˆ์‹๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€
12:34
is driven by the struggle of the human spirit through conflict
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๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์• ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ •์‹ ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ตฐ๋ถ„ํˆฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ
12:39
into transformation.
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์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
So, again, transformation, adaptation, is our greatest human skill.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์ ์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
And, perhaps, until we're tested, we don't know what we're made of.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด, ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋“ค๊ธฐ์ „์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
Maybe that's what adversity gives us:
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์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
12:56
a sense of self, a sense of our own power.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์•„์™€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ผ๊นจ์šฐ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:00
So, we can give ourselves a gift.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:03
We can re-imagine adversity as something more than just tough times.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ทธ์ € ํ—˜๋‚œํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
Maybe we can see it as change.
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
13:13
Adversity is just change that we haven't adapted ourselves to yet.
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์—ญ๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ง ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
I think the greatest adversity that we've created for ourselves
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์™”๋˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์€
13:22
is this idea of normalcy.
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์ •์ƒ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
Now, who's normal?
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์ด์ฃ ?
13:27
There's no normal.
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์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
13:29
There's common, there's typical. There's no normal,
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๋ณดํ†ต์ด๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
and would you want to meet that poor, beige person if they existed?
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์žˆ๋‹คํ•œ๋“ค ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํŠน์ƒ‰์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:37
I don't think so.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
13:39
If we can change this paradigm from one of achieving normalcy
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ '์ •์ƒ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค' ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„
13:44
to one of possibility -- or potency, to be even a little bit more dangerous --
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:49
we can release the power of so many more children,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
13:52
and invite them to engage their rare and valuable abilities with the community.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ’์ง„ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:00
Anthropologists tell us that the one thing
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,
14:03
we as humans have always required of our community members
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์—๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
14:06
is to be of use, to be able to contribute.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ณตํ—Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
There's evidence that Neanderthals, 60,000 years ago,
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6๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „ ๋„ค์•ˆ๋ฐ๋ฅดํƒˆ์ธ๋“ค์€
14:14
carried their elderly and those with serious physical injury,
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๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์ž…์€ ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋– ๋ฐ›๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
14:20
and perhaps it's because the life experience of survival of these people
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์Œ“์•„์˜จ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๊ณตํ—Œํ•ด์˜จ
14:26
proved of value to the community.
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๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
They didn't view these people as broken and useless;
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์‡ ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
14:33
they were seen as rare and valuable.
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๊ท€์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ’์ง„ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
A few years ago, I was in a food market in the town where I grew up
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๋ช‡๋…„ ์ „, ์–ด๋–ค ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
in that red zone in northeastern Pennsylvania,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ž๋˜ ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„์ฃผ ๋ถ๋™์ชฝ ๋ถ€๊ทผ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
14:43
and I was standing over a bushel of tomatoes.
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์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์Œ“์•„๋†“์€ ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ๋”๋ฏธ ์•ž์— ์„œ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
14:45
It was summertime: I had shorts on.
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ํ•œ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด๋ผ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
14:47
I hear this guy, his voice behind me say, "Well, if it isn't Aimee Mullins."
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์ œ ๋’ค์—์„œ, ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์Œ, ํ˜น์‹œ ์—์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฐ์Šค ๋งž๋‚˜์š”."
14:52
And I turn around, and it's this older man. I have no idea who he is.
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์ „ ๋Œ์•„๋ดค๊ณ , ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜์ด๋“œ์‹  ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ„์…จ์ฃ . ์ „ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”.
14:56
And I said, "I'm sorry, sir, have we met? I don't remember meeting you."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, "์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งŒ๋‚œ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋˜๊ฐ€์š”? ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ์š”."
15:02
He said, "Well, you wouldn't remember meeting me.
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๊ทธ๋ถ„ ๋ง์”€์ด, " ์Œ, ์•„๋งˆ ๋‚  ๋งŒ๋‚œ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋ชปํ• ๊ฒŒ์•ผ."
15:04
I mean, when we met I was delivering you from your mother's womb."
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"๊ทธ๋‹ˆ๊น, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋‚œ๊ฑด ์ž๋„ค๋ฅผ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹˜ ์ž๊ถ์—์„œ ๋ง‰ ๊บผ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ."
15:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:09
Oh, that guy.
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์•„. ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ด๊ตฌ๋‚˜.
15:12
And, but of course, actually, it did click.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ถˆํ˜„๋“ฏ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
15:14
This man was Dr. Kean,
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์ด๋ถ„์ด ํ‚จ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๊ตฌ๋‚˜.
15:17
a man that I had only known about through my mother's stories of that day,
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์—„๋งˆํ•œํ…Œ์„œ ๋ง๋กœ๋งŒ ์ „ํ•ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‚ ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:21
because, of course, typical fashion, I arrived late for my birthday by two weeks.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด, ์ „ ์˜ˆ์ •์ผ๋ณด๋‹ค 2์ฃผ๋‚˜ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
15:27
And so my mother's prenatal physician had gone on vacation,
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋‹ด๋‹น ์‚ฐ๋ถ€์ธ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์—
15:31
so the man who delivered me was a complete stranger to my parents.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋ณธ ์ ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ด ์ €์˜ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์„ ๋งก์œผ์…จ๋˜๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
15:36
And, because I was born without the fibula bones,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ์ข…์•„๋ฆฌ๋ผˆ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ ,
15:39
and had feet turned in, and a few toes in this foot and a few toes in that,
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๋‘ ๋ฐœ์€ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด์ชฝ๋ฐœ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฐ€๋ฝ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„, ์ €์ชฝ๋ฐœ์—๋„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ
15:42
he had to be the bearer -- this stranger had to be the bearer of bad news.
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์ด ๋‚ฏ์„  ๋ถ„์ด ์ €์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚˜์œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋ฆ„๊พผ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
He said to me, "I had to give this prognosis to your parents
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, "๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๋„ค์˜ ์˜ˆํ›„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ง€.
15:51
that you would never walk,
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์ž๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฑธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„๊ฑฐ๊ณ ,
15:53
and you would never have the kind of mobility that other kids have
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋“ค๋งŒํผ ์šด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ• ํ…Œ๊ณ ,
15:57
or any kind of life of independence,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋„์›€์—†์ด ์‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์•ผ.
15:59
and you've been making liar out of me ever since."
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ๋„Œ ๋‚  ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์žฅ์ด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด."
16:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:03
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
16:09
The extraordinary thing is that he said he had saved
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์€ ์ œ ์œ ๋…„์‹œ์ ˆ ๋™์•ˆ์˜
16:13
newspaper clippings throughout my whole childhood,
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์‹ ๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์Šคํฌ๋žฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:16
whether winning a second grade spelling bee,
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์ฒ ์ž๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 2๋“ฑ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋˜๊ฐ€,
16:18
marching with the Girl Scouts, you know, the Halloween parade,
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๊ฑธ์Šค์นด์šฐํŠธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ–‰์ง„ํ•œ๊ฑฐ, ํ• ๋กœ์œˆ ํผ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฑฐ์š”,
16:21
winning my college scholarship, or any of my sports victories,
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๋Œ€ํ•™ ์žฅํ•™๊ธˆ ๋ฐ›์€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ฒด์œก๋Œ€ํšŒ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค,
16:26
and he was using it, and integrating it into teaching resident students,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ จ์˜๋“ค์ด๋ž‘,
16:32
med students from Hahnemann Medical School and Hershey Medical School.
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Hahnemann ์˜๋Œ€, Hershey ์˜๋Œ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ๋•Œ ์จ์™”๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
16:37
And he called this part of the course the X Factor,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ '๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์ธ์ž - ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์˜์ง€์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์—ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
the potential of the human will.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ '๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์ธ์ž - ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์˜์ง€์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์—ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
No prognosis can account for how powerful this could be
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง“๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด๊ณ 
16:47
as a determinant in the quality of someone's life.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ์˜ˆํ›„๋กœ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
And Dr. Kean went on to tell me,
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ํ‚จ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
16:54
he said, "In my experience, unless repeatedly told otherwise,
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๋ญ๋žฌ๋ƒ๋ฉด, "๋‚ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ดค์„ ๋•, ์ž๊พธ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
17:02
and even if given a modicum of support,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋‹ค ๋„์›€๋„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ,
17:06
if left to their own devices, a child will achieve."
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์ž๊ธฐ ์˜์ง€๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†”๋‘๋ฉด, ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋”๊ตฐ."
17:12
See, Dr. Kean made that shift in thinking.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”, ํ‚จ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๊ฑฐ์˜€์–ด์š”.
17:16
He understood that there's a difference between the medical condition
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—
17:19
and what someone might do with it.
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์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
17:22
And there's been a shift in my thinking over time,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ €๋„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋ฐ”๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
in that, if you had asked me at 15 years old,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ 15์‚ด ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ
17:29
if I would have traded prosthetics for flesh-and-bone legs,
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์˜์กฑ์„ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒ ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
17:33
I wouldn't have hesitated for a second.
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๋‹จ 1์ดˆ์˜ ๋ง์„ค์ž„๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
I aspired to that kind of normalcy back then.
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์ „ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ •์ƒ์ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ ˆํžˆ ์›ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
17:42
But if you ask me today, I'm not so sure.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„๋‹์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
17:45
And it's because of the experiences I've had with them,
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์˜์กฑ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋•๋ถ„์— ์•ˆ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€,
17:50
not in spite of the experiences I've had with them.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
17:56
And perhaps this shift in me has happened
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์•„๋งˆ, ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ธ์‹์ „ํ™˜์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊นŒ๋‹ญ์€
17:59
because I've been exposed to more people who have opened doors for me
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์ €๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ € ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
18:04
than those who have put lids and cast shadows on me.
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๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
See, all you really need is one person
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”, ์ •๋ง ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
18:13
to show you the epiphany of your own power, and you're off.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‘œ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:18
If you can hand somebody the key to their own power --
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ผ๊นจ์šฐ๋Š” ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
18:23
the human spirit is so receptive -- if you can do that
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์€ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
and open a door for someone at a crucial moment,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์•ผ ๋ง๋กœ
18:28
you are educating them in the best sense.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ต์œก์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€์š”.
18:31
You're teaching them to open doors for themselves.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
18:36
In fact, the exact meaning of the word "educate"
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, '๊ต์œก(educate)'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
18:42
comes from the root word "educe."
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"educe"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:44
It means "to bring forth what is within,
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด๋ƒ๋ฉด, ์•ˆ์— ๊ณ ์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ป—์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
18:48
to bring out potential."
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์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋„์ง‘์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:50
So again, which potential do we want to bring out?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋„์ง‘์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
18:55
There was a case study done in 1960s Britain,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. 1960๋…„๋Œ€์— ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ
18:58
when they were moving from grammar schools to comprehensive schools.
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์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:03
It's called the streaming trials. We call it "tracking" here in the States.
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„  streaming trial์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” tracking ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
19:06
It's separating students from A, B, C, D and so on.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ A๋ถ€ํ„ฐ D, ์ด๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์šฐ์—ด๋ฐ˜์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
19:11
And the "A students" get the tougher curriculum, the best teachers, etc.
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A๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์ •๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:16
Well, they took, over a three-month period,
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์ด ๋•Œ, 3๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
19:18
D-level students, gave them A's,
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D๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ A ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”
19:21
told them they were "A's," told them they were bright,
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๋„ˆํฌ๋“ค์€ A๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
19:24
and at the end of this three-month period,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 3๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์ ์€
19:26
they were performing at A-level.
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A ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:29
And, of course, the heartbreaking, flip side of this study,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ํ•œํŽธ์—๋Š” ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฉด๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
19:32
is that they took the "A students" and told them they were "D's."
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A๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ D๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์˜ ์—ด๋“ฑ์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์†์ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:37
And that's what happened at the end of that three-month period.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ 3๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„, ๋„์ค‘์— ์ค‘ํ‡ดํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ 
19:40
Those who were still around in school, besides the people who had dropped out.
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๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:46
A crucial part of this case study was that the teachers were duped too.
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค๋„ ์†์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์—์š”.
19:55
The teachers didn't know a switch had been made.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์ง€์š”.
19:57
They were simply told, "These are the 'A-students,' these are the 'D-students.'"
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋“ฑ์ƒ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—ด๋“ฑ์ƒ์ด๋ž€ ๋ง๋งŒ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
20:01
And that's how they went about teaching them and treating them.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ๋“ค์€๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
20:07
So, I think that the only true disability is a crushed spirit,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์žฅ์• ๋Š” ์–ต๋ˆŒ๋ฆฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:16
a spirit that's been crushed doesn't have hope,
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์–ต๋ˆŒ๋ ค์„œ ์•„๋ฌด ํฌ๋ง๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์ด์ฃ .
20:21
it doesn't see beauty,
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์žฅ์ ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
20:23
it no longer has our natural, childlike curiosity
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด, ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜
20:29
and our innate ability to imagine.
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์ฒœ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:32
If instead, we can bolster a human spirit to keep hope,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ํฌ๋ง์„ ํ’ˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
20:37
to see beauty in themselves and others,
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์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
20:41
to be curious and imaginative,
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ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํž˜์„ ๋ถ๋‹์•„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด
20:44
then we are truly using our power well.
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์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:48
When a spirit has those qualities, we are able to create new realities
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ํ’ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ
20:54
and new ways of being.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์กด์žฌ์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:57
I'd like to leave you with a poem
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ ํ•œํŽธ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:59
by a fourteenth-century Persian poet named Hafiz
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14์„ธ๊ธฐ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„ ์‹œ์ธ Hafiz์˜ ์‹œ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
21:03
that my friend, Jacques Dembois told me about,
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ, Jacques Dembois๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:06
and the poem is called "The God Who Only Knows Four Words":
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์‹œ์˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ์€ "๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋งŒ ์•„๋Š” ์‹ " ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:11
"Every child has known God,
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"๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์‹ ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋„ค,
21:15
not the God of names,
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ํ˜ผ ๋‚ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ 
21:17
not the God of don'ts,
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ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ž€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
21:20
but the God who only knows four words and keeps repeating them,
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์˜ค๋กœ์ง€ ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋งŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋„ค.
21:25
saying, 'Come dance with me.
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Come dance with me - ์ด๋ฆฌ ์™€์„œ ๋‚˜๋ž‘ ์ถค์ถ”์ž"
21:32
Come, dance with me. Come, dance with me.'"
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์ด๋ฆฌ ์™€์„œ ๋‚˜๋ž‘ ์ถค์ฃผ์ž.
21:35
Thank you.
313
1295260
2000
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:37
(Applause)
314
1297260
13000
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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