Why is our universe fine-tuned for life? | Brian Greene

4,612,420 views ・ 2012-04-23

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Jenny Zurawell
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λ²ˆμ—­: Seyoung Yoon κ²€ν† : Amy Ko
00:15
A few months ago
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λͺ‡ 달 μ „ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜
00:17
the Nobel Prize in physics
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노벨상 μ‹œμƒμ‹μ—μ„œ
00:19
was awarded to two teams of astronomers
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노벨 λ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μƒμ˜ μ˜μ˜ˆλŠ”
00:21
for a discovery that has been hailed
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μ²œλ¬Έν•™ 역사상 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ΄€μΈ‘ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό
00:24
as one of the most important
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ν•΄λ‚Έ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ ν‰κ°€λ°›λŠ”
00:26
astronomical observations ever.
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두 νŒ€μ˜ μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ£Όμ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
And today, after briefly describing what they found,
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였늘 μ €λŠ” 그듀이 무엇을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜
00:30
I'm going to tell you about a highly controversial framework
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λ…ΌμŸμ΄ 많긴 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ°œκ²¬μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
00:33
for explaining their discovery,
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λ°°κ²½ 이둠듀에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
namely the possibility
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ꡬ체적으둜 λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄
00:38
that way beyond the Earth,
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지ꡬ, 우리 μ€ν•˜, 그리고
00:40
the Milky Way and other distant galaxies,
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멀리 떨어진 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ€ν•˜λ“€ λ„ˆλ¨Έμ—
00:43
we may find that our universe
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우리 우주 외에
00:45
is not the only universe,
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닀쀑 우주라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”
00:47
but is instead
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μš°μ£Όλ“€μ˜ 집합체가
00:49
part of a vast complex of universes
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μ‘΄μž¬ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성에 λŒ€ν•΄
00:51
that we call the multiverse.
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μ–˜κΈ°ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
Now the idea of a multiverse is a strange one.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 닀쀑 우주의 κ°œλ…μ€ λ‚―μ„€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
I mean, most of us were raised to believe
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μžλΌλ©΄μ„œ "우주"λΌλŠ” 단어가 곧
00:58
that the word "universe" means everything.
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λͺ¨λ“  것을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 믿게 λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
And I say most of us with forethought,
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λ¬Όλ‘  그렇지 μ•Šμ€ 뢄듀도 κ°„ν˜Ή μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
as my four-year-old daughter has heard me speak of these ideas since she was born.
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μ œκ°€ 닀쀑 μš°μ£Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό
01:07
And last year I was holding her
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ν•˜λ„ 많이 ν•΄μ„œ κ·ΈλŸ°μ§€ μž‘λ…„μ—
01:09
and I said, "Sophia,
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제 4μ‚΄μ§œλ¦¬ λ”Έμ—κ²Œ "μ•„λΉ λŠ” 우주 μ•ˆμ˜
01:11
I love you more than anything in the universe."
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κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ 것보닀도 λ„ˆλ₯Ό 더 μ‚¬λž‘ν•œλ‹¨λ‹€."라고 λ§ν–ˆλ”λ‹ˆ
01:14
And she turned to me and said, "Daddy,
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제 딸이 "우주λ₯Ό λ§ν•˜λŠ”κ±°μ—μš” μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄
01:16
universe or multiverse?"
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λ‹€μ€‘μš°μ£Όλ₯Ό λ§ν•˜λŠ”κ±°μ—μš”?"라고 λ¬»λ”κ΅°μš”.
01:18
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:21
But barring such an anomalous upbringing,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그런 μ˜ˆμ™Έμ μΈ 경우λ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³€
01:24
it is strange to imagine
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우리 μš°μ£Όμ™€ 근본적으둜
01:26
other realms separate from ours,
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μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ νŠΉμ§•μ„ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”
01:28
most with fundamentally different features,
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우주의 쑴재λ₯Ό μƒμƒν•˜λŠ” 것은
01:30
that would rightly be called universes of their own.
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쉽지 μ•Šμ€ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
And yet,
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였늘 강연을 톡해 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ
01:35
speculative though the idea surely is,
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λ‹€μ€‘μš°μ£Ό κ°œλ…μ΄ μ™œ
01:37
I aim to convince you
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단지 μΆ”μΈ‘μž„μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
01:39
that there's reason for taking it seriously,
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μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ³  섀득λ ₯이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€
01:41
as it just might be right.
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μ„€λͺ…λ“œλ¦¬λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
I'm going to tell the story of the multiverse in three parts.
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λ‹€μ€‘μš°μ£Όμ— κ΄€ν•œ μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ„Έ λΆ€λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ μ„œ ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
In part one,
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맨 λ¨Όμ € 노벨상 μˆ˜μƒμžλ“€μ˜
01:48
I'm going to describe those Nobel Prize-winning results
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κ΄€μΈ‘ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ³  κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό 속에
01:50
and to highlight a profound mystery
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μ–΄λ–€ μˆ˜μˆ˜κ»˜λΌκ°€ 담겨 μžˆλŠ”μ§€
01:52
which those results revealed.
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μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
In part two,
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두 번째 뢀뢄에선 λˆμ΄λ‘ μ„ μ†Œκ°œν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
01:56
I'll offer a solution to that mystery.
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수수께끼λ₯Ό ν’€ 수 μžˆλŠ”
01:58
It's based on an approach called string theory,
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μ‹€λ§ˆλ¦¬λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³ 
02:00
and that's where the idea of the multiverse
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끈이둠이 λ‹€μ€‘μš°μ£Ό κ°œλ…κ³Ό
02:02
will come into the story.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ—°κ΄€λ˜λŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
Finally, in part three,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έ λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œλŠ”
02:06
I'm going to describe a cosmological theory
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κΈ‰νŒ½μ°½μ΄λ‘ μ„ μ†Œκ°œν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
02:08
called inflation,
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이 이야기λ₯Ό
02:10
which will pull all the pieces of the story together.
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λ§ˆλ¬΄λ¦¬μ§“λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
Okay, part one starts back in 1929
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이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ μ‹œμž‘μ€ 1929λ…„μœΌλ‘œ 거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
when the great astronomer Edwin Hubble
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1929년에 μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ²œλ¬Έν•™μž μ—λ“œμœˆ ν—ˆλΈ”μ€
02:19
realized that the distant galaxies
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λ¨Έλ‚˜λ¨Ό μ€ν•˜λ“€μ΄ μ§€κ΅¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
02:22
were all rushing away from us,
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멀어지고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
establishing that space itself is stretching,
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우주 곡간 μžμ²΄κ°€
02:26
it's expanding.
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νŒ½μ°½ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것이죠.
02:28
Now this was revolutionary.
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이것은 맀우 획기적인 λ°œκ²¬μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
The prevailing wisdom was that on the largest of scales
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μ „μ²΄μ μœΌλ‘œ 봀을 λ•Œ μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μ •μ μ΄λΌλŠ” 것이
02:34
the universe was static.
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κ·Έ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€μ˜ ν†΅μ„€μ΄μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
But even so,
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κ·Έ 톡섀이 깨지고 우주의 팽창이
02:38
there was one thing that everyone was certain of:
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ν™•μΈλ˜μž μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 우주의 팽창 속도가
02:41
The expansion must be slowing down.
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λŠλ €μ§€κ³  μžˆμ„ 것이라 ν™•μ‹ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
That, much as the gravitational pull of the Earth
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사과λ₯Ό μœ„λ‘œ λ˜μ§€λ©΄ μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 쀑λ ₯에 μ˜ν•΄
02:47
slows the ascent of an apple tossed upward,
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사과가 λ•…μœΌλ‘œ 떨어지듯이
02:50
the gravitational pull
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μ€ν•˜ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 쀑λ ₯이
02:52
of each galaxy on every other
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우주의 νŒ½μ°½μ„
02:54
must be slowing
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μ–΅λˆ„λ₯Ό 것이라
02:56
the expansion of space.
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μƒκ°ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
Now let's fast-forward to the 1990s
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1990λ…„λŒ€μ— λ“€μ–΄μ„œ μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ€ 우주의 팽창 속도가
03:01
when those two teams of astronomers
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μ •ν™•νžˆ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 쀄어듀고 μžˆλŠ”μ§€
03:03
I mentioned at the outset
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직접 μΈ‘μ •ν•΄λ³΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
were inspired by this reasoning
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μ•žμ„œ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ
03:07
to measure the rate
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두 νŒ€μ˜ 노벨상 μˆ˜μƒμžλ“€μ΄
03:09
at which the expansion has been slowing.
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λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
03:11
And they did this
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그듀은 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λ…Έλ ₯을 λ“€μ—¬
03:13
by painstaking observations
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ€ν•˜λ“€μ„ κ΄€μΈ‘ν•˜κ³ 
03:15
of numerous distant galaxies,
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κ·Έ κ΄€μΈ‘ 자료λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ
03:17
allowing them to chart
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우주의 팽창 속도가
03:19
how the expansion rate has changed over time.
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μ‹œκ°„μ— 따라 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ³€ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
Here's the surprise:
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그런데 κ·Έ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ†€λΌμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
They found that the expansion is not slowing down.
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μˆ˜μ§‘ν•œ 자료λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜λ‹ˆ 우주의 νŒ½μ°½μ†λ„κ°€ λŠλ €μ§€κΈ°λŠ” 컀녕
03:28
Instead they found that it's speeding up,
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였히렀 더 빨라지고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ”
03:30
going faster and faster.
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κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ‚˜μ˜¨ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
That's like tossing an apple upward
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μ΄λŠ” 마치 사과λ₯Ό μœ„λ‘œ λ˜μ‘Œλ”λ‹ˆ 점점 더 빨리
03:34
and it goes up faster and faster.
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ν•˜λŠ˜λ‘œ μ†Ÿκ΅¬μ³€λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것과 λ˜‘κ°™μ€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
Now if you saw an apple do that,
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그런 일이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 일어났닀면 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€
03:38
you'd want to know why.
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μ–΄λ–€ 이유둜 그런 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”μ§€
03:40
What's pushing on it?
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μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜μ‹€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
Similarly, the astronomers' results
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€λ„
03:44
are surely well-deserving of the Nobel Prize,
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이 λ†€λΌμš΄ 결과의 배경에
03:47
but they raised an analogous question.
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μ–΄λ–€ 원리가 μˆ¨μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
What force is driving all galaxies
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λ„λŒ€μ²΄ μ–΄λ–€ 힘이 μž‘μš©ν•΄μ„œ
03:53
to rush away from every other
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λͺ¨λ“  μ€ν•˜λ“€μ΄ 점점 더 빨리
03:56
at an ever-quickening speed?
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멀어지고 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
03:59
Well the most promising answer
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이에 λŒ€ν•œ ν•΄κ²°μ˜ μ‹€λ§ˆλ¦¬λŠ”
04:01
comes from an old idea of Einstein's.
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μ•„μΈμŠˆνƒ€μΈμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
You see, we are all used to gravity
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 쀑λ ₯이 μ–΄λ–€ 물체λ₯Ό
04:06
being a force that does one thing,
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ν•œ 곳으둜 μž‘μ•„λ‹ΉκΈ΄λ‹€λŠ” 사싀을
04:09
pulls objects together.
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잘 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
But in Einstein's theory of gravity,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„μΈμŠˆνƒ€μΈμ˜
04:13
his general theory of relativity,
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μΌλ°˜μƒλŒ€μ„±μ΄λ‘ μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
04:15
gravity can also push things apart.
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쀑λ ₯은 물체λ₯Ό λ°€μ–΄λ‚Ό μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
How? Well according to Einstein's math,
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그것이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λƒλ©΄,
04:21
if space is uniformly filled
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μ•„μΈμŠˆνƒ€μΈμ˜ 이둠에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
04:23
with an invisible energy,
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곡간 μ•ˆμ— μ–΄λ–€ νŠΉμ •ν•œ,
04:25
sort of like a uniform, invisible mist,
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보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ 마치 μ•ˆκ°œμ²˜λŸΌ
04:28
then the gravity generated by that mist
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κ· μΌν•˜κ²Œ μ°¨ μžˆμ„ 경우 κ·Έ 곡간은
04:31
would be repulsive,
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λ°€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” 쀑λ ₯을 μƒμ„±ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
repulsive gravity,
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λ°€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” 쀑λ ₯은
04:35
which is just what we need to explain the observations.
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μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ˜ κ΄€μΈ‘ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ—΄μ‡ κ°€ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
Because the repulsive gravity
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이 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ—μ„œ μƒμ„±λœ
04:40
of an invisible energy in space --
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λ°€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” 쀑λ ₯은
04:42
we now call it dark energy,
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μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€λΌ λΆˆλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
but I've made it smokey white here so you can see it --
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ν™”λ©΄μ—μ„œλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ‰½κ²Œ ꡬ뢄할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό
04:47
its repulsive gravity
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ν•˜μ–€ μ—°κΈ°μ²˜λŸΌ ν‘œμ‹œν–ˆλŠ”λ°
04:49
would cause each galaxy to push against every other,
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이 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” μ€ν•˜ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ
04:51
driving expansion to speed up,
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λ°€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” 힘으둜 μž‘μš©ν•΄
04:53
not slow down.
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우주의 νŒ½μ°½μ„ κ°€μ†μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
And this explanation
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μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ˜ κ΄€μΈ‘ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό
04:57
represents great progress.
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μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ”λ° 큰 발판과 역할을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
But I promised you a mystery
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•žμ„œ λ§ν–ˆλ“―μ΄ μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ”
05:02
here in part one.
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μˆ˜μˆ˜κ»˜λΌκ°€ μˆ¨μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
Here it is.
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κ·Έ μˆ˜μˆ˜κ»˜λΌλŠ” λ°”λ‘œ μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:06
When the astronomers worked out
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μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ§ŒνΌ
05:08
how much of this dark energy
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μ‘΄μž¬ν•΄μ•Ό 우주의 팽창 속도가 κ΄€μΈ‘ 결과와 μΌμΉ˜ν•˜λŠ”μ§€
05:11
must be infusing space
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κ³„μ‚°ν•΄λ³΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
to account for the cosmic speed up,
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계산 κ²°κ³Ό μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ€
05:15
look at what they found.
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λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 숫자λ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
This number is small.
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이 μˆ«μžλŠ” κ΄€λ ¨ λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ ν‘œμ‹œλ  λ•Œ
05:26
Expressed in the relevant unit,
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말할 것도 없이 λ¬΄μ§€ν•˜κ²Œ
05:28
it is spectacularly small.
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μž‘μ€ μˆ«μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
And the mystery is to explain this peculiar number.
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ™œ ν•˜ν•„ 이런 값이 λ‚˜μ˜€λƒλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
We want this number
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 물리학 λ²•μΉ™μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
05:35
to emerge from the laws of physics,
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이 값을 μˆ˜ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ λ„μΆœν•΄λ‚΄λ € ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
05:37
but so far no one has found a way to do that.
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μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€ κ·Έ λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ μ„±κ³΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
Now you might wonder,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ™œ ꡳ이 이 숫자λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€
05:43
should you care?
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μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜μ‹€ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
Maybe explaining this number
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저희와 같은 전문가듀에겐
05:47
is just a technical issue,
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ν₯미둜운 λ¬Έμ œμΌμ§€ λͺ°λΌλ„
05:49
a technical detail of interest to experts,
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κ·Έ μ™Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ² μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° 의미 μ—†λŠ” 문제라고
05:52
but of no relevance to anybody else.
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μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹€ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
Well it surely is a technical detail,
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λ¬Όλ‘  이건 전문적인 λ‚΄μš©μ΄κΈ΄ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
05:57
but some details really matter.
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λ™μ‹œμ— 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:59
Some details provide
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ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€λŠ”
06:01
windows into uncharted realms of reality,
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이 숫자λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 것이
06:03
and this peculiar number may be doing just that,
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암흑 속에 μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ μ„Έμƒμ˜ μ΄μΉ˜μ—
06:06
as the only approach that's so far made headway to explain it
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빛을 λΉ„μΆœ 수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ 방법이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:09
invokes the possibility of other universes --
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이 μˆ«μžλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μš°μ£Όλ“€μ˜ 쑴재 κ°€λŠ₯성을 λ‚΄ν¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°
06:12
an idea that naturally emerges from string theory,
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μ΄λŠ” 두 번째 λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 주제인
06:15
which takes me to part two: string theory.
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λˆμ΄λ‘ μ—μ„œ λ„μΆœν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:18
So hold the mystery of the dark energy
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μ•žμ„œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦° μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 수수께끼λ₯Ό 염두에 λ‘λ©΄μ„œ
06:22
in the back of your mind
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이제 λˆμ΄λ‘ μ— λŒ€ν•œ
06:24
as I now go on to tell you
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μ„Έ 가지 핡심 λ‚΄μš©μ„
06:26
three key things about string theory.
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말씀 λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
First off, what is it?
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λ¨Όμ € λˆμ΄λ‘ μ΄λž€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
06:31
Well it's an approach to realize Einstein's dream
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λˆμ΄λ‘ μ€ 생전 μ•„μΈμŠˆνƒ€μΈμ˜ κΏˆμ΄μ—ˆλ˜
06:34
of a unified theory of physics,
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λŒ€ν†΅μΌμ΄λ‘ , 즉 λ§Œλ¬Όμ— μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ”
06:37
a single overarching framework
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λͺ¨λ“  νž˜μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
06:39
that would be able to describe
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단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 체계λ₯Ό μ‹€ν˜„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ
06:41
all the forces at work in the universe.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ ‘κ·Ό λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
And the central idea of string theory
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끈이둠의 핡심 κ°œλ…μ€
06:45
is quite straightforward.
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맀우 κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
It says that if you examine
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ–΄λ–€ 물체λ₯Ό μžμ„Ένžˆ
06:49
any piece of matter ever more finely,
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듀여닀보면 λΆ„μžμ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄
06:51
at first you'll find molecules
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μ›μžλ“€, μ•„μ›μž μž…μžλ“€κΉŒμ§€
06:53
and then you'll find atoms and subatomic particles.
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κ΄€μ°°ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:56
But the theory says that if you could probe smaller,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λˆμ΄λ‘ μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
06:58
much smaller than we can with existing technology,
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이보닀 더 μ„ΈλΆ€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€ ν˜„μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 기술둜
07:01
you'd find something else inside these particles --
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κ΄€μΈ‘ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” μˆ˜μ€€κΉŒμ§€ λ‚΄λ €κ°ˆ 경우
07:04
a little tiny vibrating filament of energy,
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μ§„λ™ν•˜λŠ” κ°€λŠλ‹€λž€ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 쀄,
07:07
a little tiny vibrating string.
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즉 μ§„λ™ν•˜λŠ” λˆμ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
And just like the strings on a violin,
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λ°”μ΄μ˜¬λ¦°μ˜ 쀄이
07:12
they can vibrate in different patterns
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ§„λ™ν•˜λŠλƒμ— 따라
07:14
producing different musical notes.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ λ‚˜λ“―μ΄
07:16
These little fundamental strings,
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이 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 끈이
07:18
when they vibrate in different patterns,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ§„λ™ν•˜λŠλƒμ— 따라
07:20
they produce different kinds of particles --
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각기 λ‹€λ₯Έ μž…μžλ“€μ΄ νƒ„μƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
so electrons, quarks, neutrinos, photons,
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μ „μž, 쿼크, λ‰΄νŠΈλ¦¬λ…Έ, κ΄‘μž λ“±
07:24
all other particles
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우주의 λͺ¨λ“  μž…μžλ“€μ΄ μ§„λ™ν•˜λŠ” λˆμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
07:26
would be united into a single framework,
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κ²°μ •λ˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이 μž…μžλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ„€λͺ…을
07:28
as they would all arise from vibrating strings.
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단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 체계 μ•„λž˜ ν†΅μΌν•˜λŠ” 것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄μ§€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:31
It's a compelling picture,
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κ²°κ΅­ λˆμ΄λ‘ μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ 우리 μ£Όλ³€μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  것은
07:34
a kind of cosmic symphony,
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μ§„λ™ν•˜λŠ” λ―Έμ„Έν•œ λˆμ—μ„œ
07:36
where all the richness
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νƒ„μƒν•œ μ†Œλ¦¬λ“€μ΄
07:38
that we see in the world around us
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ν•˜λ‚˜ ν•˜λ‚˜μ”© λͺ¨μ—¬
07:40
emerges from the music
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 우주 ꡐν–₯곑을
07:42
that these little, tiny strings can play.
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이룬 것이라 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
But there's a cost
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μš°μ•„ν•œ λŒ€ν†΅μΌμ΄λ‘ μ—λ„
07:47
to this elegant unification,
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문제점이 없진 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
because years of research
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전문가듀이 μˆ˜λ…„κ°„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό
07:51
have shown that the math of string theory doesn't quite work.
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우리의 상식에 λ°˜ν•˜λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ νŠΉμ • 쑰건을
07:54
It has internal inconsistencies,
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ν—ˆμš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 이상
07:56
unless we allow
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λˆμ΄λ‘ μ€ μˆ˜ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ
07:58
for something wholly unfamiliar --
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성립될 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 결둠이 λ‚˜μ˜¨ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
extra dimensions of space.
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κ·Έ 쑰건은 λ°”λ‘œ 곡간 μ°¨μ›μ˜ 수λ₯Ό λŠ˜λ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
That is, we all know about the usual three dimensions of space.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ 곡간은 3μ°¨μ›μ΄λΌλŠ” 사싀을 잘 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
And you can think about those
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즉 곡간은 높이, λ„ˆλΉ„, 깊이λ₯Ό
08:09
as height, width and depth.
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λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” μ„Έ 가지 수둜 ν‘œν˜„ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:12
But string theory says that, on fantastically small scales,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λˆμ΄λ‘ μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ μ•„μ£Ό λ―Έμ‹œμ μΈ 곡간에선 μ„Έ 가지 차원 외에
08:15
there are additional dimensions
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여뢄차원듀이 μΆ”κ°€λ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
crumpled to a tiny size so small
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λ‹€λ§Œ κ·Έ 차원듀이 λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜λ„ μž‘μ€ 크기둜 뭉쳐져
08:19
that we have not detected them.
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있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°μ§€ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
But even though the dimensions are hidden,
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이 여뢄차원듀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 직접
08:23
they would have an impact on things that we can observe
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감지할 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ μ§„λ™ν•˜λŠ” 끈의 진동 ν˜•νƒœμ—λŠ” 영ν–₯을
08:26
because the shape of the extra dimensions
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미치기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 우리 μ£Όλ³€μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  것을
08:29
constrains how the strings can vibrate.
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κ°„μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²°μ •μ§“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:32
And in string theory,
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λˆμ΄λ‘ μ—μ„  끈의 진동이
08:34
vibration determines everything.
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λͺ¨λ“  것을 κ²°μ •ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
So particle masses, the strengths of forces,
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κ²°κ΅­ 여뢄차원듀이 μ–΄λ–€ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ
08:39
and most importantly, the amount of dark energy
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뭉쳐져 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— 따라 μž…μžμ˜ μ§ˆλŸ‰, 힘의 크기, 그리고
08:42
would be determined
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μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 양이 λͺ¨λ‘ κ²°μ •λœλ‹€λŠ”
08:44
by the shape of the extra dimensions.
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결둠에 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
So if we knew the shape of the extra dimensions,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 여뢄차원듀이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 뭉쳐져 μžˆλŠ”μ§€
08:49
we should be able to calculate these features,
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μ•Œμ•„λ‚Έλ‹€λ©΄ μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 양을 μˆ˜ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ
08:52
calculate the amount of dark energy.
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λ„μΆœν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:55
The challenge
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그런데 μ—¬κΈ°μ—” λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
is we don't know
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λ°”λ‘œ 여뢄차원듀이 뭉쳐진 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό
08:59
the shape of the extra dimensions.
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μ •ν™•νžˆ μ•Œ 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
All we have
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것은 단지
09:04
is a list of candidate shapes
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μˆ˜ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ ν˜•νƒœλ“€μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œμ§€
09:06
allowed by the math.
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계산해 λ³΄λŠ” 것 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:09
Now when these ideas were first developed,
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이런 κ°œλ…λ“€μ΄ 처음 μ œμ‹œλμ„ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ”
09:11
there were only about five different candidate shapes,
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단지 λ‹€μ„― 개의 후보 ν˜•νƒœλ“€λ§Œμ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
so you can imagine
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ ν•˜λ‚˜ ν•˜λ‚˜μ”© λΆ„μ„ν•΄μ„œ
09:15
analyzing them one-by-one
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우리 우주의 νŠΉμ„±κ³Ό μΌμΉ˜ν•˜λŠ”
09:17
to determine if any yield
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ν˜•νƒœκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ”μ§€
09:19
the physical features we observe.
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μ•Œμ•„λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:21
But over time the list grew
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 후보 ν˜•νƒœλ“€μ΄
09:23
as researchers found other candidate shapes.
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속속 발견됐고 κ·Έ μˆ˜λŠ” λ‹€μ„― κ°œμ—μ„œ 수백 개둜,
09:25
From five, the number grew into the hundreds and then the thousands --
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그리고 수백 κ°œμ—μ„œ 수천 개둜 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:28
A large, but still manageable, collection to analyze,
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λ‹€μ„― κ°œλ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 훨씬 λ§Žμ€ μˆ˜μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλž˜λ„ 일일이 λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ” 것이
09:31
since after all,
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λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μ€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:33
graduate students need something to do.
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μ–΄μ°¨ν”Ό λŒ€ν•™μ›μƒλ“€λ„ 일거리가 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒ 문제될 것이 μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
09:36
But then the list continued to grow
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그런데 κ·Έ 후에도 후보 ν˜•νƒœλ“€μ΄
09:38
into the millions and the billions, until today.
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κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ λ°œκ²¬λ˜λ©΄μ„œ κ·Έ μˆ˜λŠ” 수백 만 κ°œμ—μ„œ
09:41
The list of candidate shapes
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μˆ˜μ–΅ 개둜 μ¦κ°€ν–ˆκ³  μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λŠ” μ•½
09:43
has soared to about 10 to the 500.
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10의 500제곱 개의 후보 ν˜•νƒœλ“€μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μ •λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:48
So, what to do?
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이제 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
09:51
Well some researchers lost heart,
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이 μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•œ μˆ˜μ— μ••λ„λœ
09:54
concluding that was so many candidate shapes for the extra dimensions,
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일뢀 μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ λ‚™λ‹΄ν•œ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 끈이둠으둜
09:57
each giving rise to different physical features,
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ν™•κ³ ν•˜κ³  검증 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ˜ˆμΈ‘μ„ ν•˜λŠ” 것은
10:00
string theory would never make
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λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³ 
10:02
definitive, testable predictions.
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μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
But others turned this issue on its head,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ 생각을 뒀집어
10:08
taking us to the possibility of a multiverse.
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λ‹€μ€‘μš°μ£Όμ˜ κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ œκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
Here's the idea.
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이듀은 이 μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 후보 ν˜•νƒœλ“€
10:12
Maybe each of these shapes is on an equal footing with every other.
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ν•˜λ‚˜ ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ λŒ€λ“±ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:15
Each is as real as every other,
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여뢄차원이 λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ 뭉쳐진
10:17
in the sense
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μš°μ£Όλ“€μ΄ μ—¬λŸ¬ 개 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄
10:19
that there are many universes,
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단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 'μ§„μ§œ'κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
10:21
each with a different shape, for the extra dimensions.
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λͺ¨λ“  ν˜•νƒœλ“€μ΄ 'μ§„μ§œ'κ³  μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
And this radical proposal
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μ΄λŠ” μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 수수께끼λ₯Ό
10:26
has a profound impact on this mystery:
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ν’€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ…Έλ ₯에
10:29
the amount of dark energy revealed by the Nobel Prize-winning results.
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큰 영ν–₯을 λ―Έμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:32
Because you see,
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 우주 외에
10:34
if there are other universes,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μš°μ£Όλ“€μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³ 
10:37
and if those universes
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각 μš°μ£Όμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 여뢄차원듀이
10:39
each have, say, a different shape for the extra dimensions,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ 뭉쳐져 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 각 우주의 물리적 νŠΉμ§• λ˜ν•œ
10:43
then the physical features of each universe will be different,
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λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  것이고
10:45
and in particular,
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각 μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ κ΄€μΈ‘λ˜λŠ”
10:47
the amount of dark energy in each universe
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μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ μ–‘ λ˜ν•œ
10:49
will be different.
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λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
Which means that the mystery
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄
10:53
of explaining the amount of dark energy we've now measured
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μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 양을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
10:55
would take on a wholly different character.
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기쑴에 μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ™€ μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 양상을 띠게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:58
In this context,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄ μ™œ μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 양이
11:00
the laws of physics can't explain one number for the dark energy
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νŠΉμ • 값을 가지고 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 해닡은 μ‘΄μž¬ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:03
because there isn't just one number,
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μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ μ–‘μ—λŠ” νŠΉμ • κ°’λ§Œ μžˆλŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
11:06
there are many numbers.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 값듀이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:08
Which means
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μ΄λŠ” 즉 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—¬νƒœκΉŒμ§€
11:10
we have been asking the wrong question.
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잘λͺ»λœ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ 묻고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:13
It's that the right question to ask is,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ¬Όμ—ˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•  μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€
11:15
why do we humans find ourselves in a universe
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μ™œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€,
11:18
with a particular amount of dark energy we've measured
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즉 μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 양이 λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μš°μ£Όλ“€
11:21
instead of any of the other possibilities
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κ°€μš΄λ°μ—μ„œ μ™œ ν•˜ν•„ μ§€κΈˆ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ”
11:24
that are out there?
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이 μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬λƒλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:26
And that's a question on which we can make headway.
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:29
Because those universes
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μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 양이 우리 μš°μ£Όλ³΄λ‹€
11:31
that have much more dark energy than ours,
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훨씬 더 λ§Žμ€ μš°μ£Όμ—μ„ 
11:33
whenever matter tries to clump into galaxies,
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μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ λ°€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” 힘이 λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜λ„ κ°•ν•΄
11:36
the repulsive push of the dark energy is so strong
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물질이 ν•œκ³³μœΌλ‘œ 뭉쳐지지 λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
that it blows the clump apart
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물질이 뭉쳐지지 λͺ»ν•˜λ©΄ λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ
11:41
and galaxies don't form.
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μ€ν•˜λ„ ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:43
And in those universes that have much less dark energy,
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ν•œνŽΈ 우리 μš°μ£Όλ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 더 적은 μ–‘μ˜ μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό 가진
11:46
well they collapse back on themselves so quickly
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ λΆ•κ΄΄ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
11:48
that, again, galaxies don't form.
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μ—­μ‹œ μ€ν•˜κ°€ ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:51
And without galaxies, there are no stars, no planets
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μ€ν•˜κ°€ μ—†μœΌλ©΄ 별과 행성도 μ‘΄μž¬ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:54
and no chance
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 양이 우리 μš°μ£Όλ³΄λ‹€
11:56
for our form of life
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훨씬 더 ν¬κ±°λ‚˜ 적은 μš°μ£Όμ—μ„  μš°λ¦¬μ™€ 같은
11:58
to exist in those other universes.
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νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ§€λ‹Œ 생λͺ…체가 μ‘΄μž¬ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:00
So we find ourselves in a universe
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κ²°κ΅­ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 μš°μ£Όμ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
12:02
with the particular amount of dark energy we've measured
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이 μš°μ£Όκ°€ μ§€λ‹Œ μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 양이
12:05
simply because our universe has conditions
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μš°λ¦¬μ™€ 같은 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό μˆ˜μš©ν•˜κΈ°μ—
12:08
hospitable to our form of life.
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λ”± μ μ ˆν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:12
And that would be that.
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이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λ©΄
12:14
Mystery solved,
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μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μˆ˜μˆ˜κ»˜λΌλŠ”
12:16
multiverse found.
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ν’€λ¦° 것이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:18
Now some find this explanation unsatisfying.
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λ¬Όλ‘  이런 μ„€λͺ…에 λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 이듀도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ΄€μΈ‘ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉμ„±λ“€μ€ 물리학을 톡해
12:23
We're used to physics
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ν™•κ³ νžˆ μ„€λͺ…λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ°
12:25
giving us definitive explanations for the features we observe.
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이 μ„€λͺ…은 그렇지 λͺ»ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
But the point is,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ–˜κΈ°μ˜
12:30
if the feature you're observing
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μš”μ μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€
12:33
can and does take on
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μ–΄λ–€ νŠΉμ„±μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
12:35
a wide variety of different values
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κ·Έ νŠΉμ„±μ— λŒ€ν•΄
12:37
across the wider landscape of reality,
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 값듀이 관츑될 경우
12:40
then thinking one explanation
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κ·Έ μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 κ°’λ“€ 쀑 μ–΄λ–€ νŠΉμ •ν•œ κ°’λ§Œ
12:42
for a particular value
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μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λ € ν•˜λŠ” 것은
12:44
is simply misguided.
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잘λͺ»λœ μ ‘κ·Όμ΄λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:47
An early example
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μ΄λŠ” μš”ν•˜λ„€μŠ€ μΌ€ν”ŒλŸ¬μ˜
12:49
comes from the great astronomer Johannes Kepler
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사둀λ₯Ό 톡해 확인할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:52
who was obsessed with understanding
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μΌ€ν”ŒλŸ¬λŠ” 지ꡬ가 μ™œ νƒœμ–‘μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
12:54
a different number --
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9천 3λ°± 만 마일 떨어진 곳에 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:56
why the Sun is 93 million miles away from the Earth.
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μΌ€ν”ŒλŸ¬λŠ” 이 숫자의 의미λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
13:00
And he worked for decades trying to explain this number,
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μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„μ˜ 세월을 λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” μ‹€νŒ¨ν–ˆμ£ .
13:03
but he never succeeded, and we know why.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΌ€ν”ŒλŸ¬κ°€ μ™œ μ‹€νŒ¨ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ 잘 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
Kepler was asking
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μΌ€ν”ŒλŸ¬λŠ” 잘λͺ»λœ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„
13:08
the wrong question.
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묻고 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:10
We now know that there are many planets
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우리 μš°μ£Όμ—λŠ” ν•­μ„±μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 거리가 μ²œμ°¨λ§Œλ³„μΈ
13:13
at a wide variety of different distances from their host stars.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 행성듀이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:16
So hoping that the laws of physics
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이 μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ ν–‰μ„±λ“€ μ€‘μ—μ„œ μ™œ ν•˜ν•„
13:19
will explain one particular number, 93 million miles,
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지ꡬ가 νƒœμ–‘μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 9천 3λ°± 만 마일 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆλŠ”κ°€λ₯Ό
13:22
well that is simply wrongheaded.
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λ¬»λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μ—†λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:25
Instead the right question to ask is,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ¬Όμ–΄μ•Ό ν•  μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€
13:27
why do we humans find ourselves on a planet
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ™œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ κ°€λŠ₯μ„± μ€‘μ—μ„œ
13:30
at this particular distance,
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νƒœμ–‘μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 9천 3λ°± 만 마일
13:32
instead of any of the other possibilities?
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떨어진 곳에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ²Œ λλŠλƒλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:35
And again, that's a question we can answer.
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이에 λŒ€ν•œ 해닡은 ꡬ할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:38
Those planets which are much closer to a star like the Sun
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지ꡬ보닀 νƒœμ–‘μ— 더 κ°€κΉŒμš΄ 행성은
13:41
would be so hot
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ λœ¨κ±°μ›Œμ„œ μš°λ¦¬μ™€ 같은 생λͺ…체가
13:43
that our form of life wouldn't exist.
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μ‘΄μž¬ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:45
And those planets that are much farther away from the star,
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€κ³  지ꡬ보닀 νƒœμ–‘μ—μ„œ 더 멀리 떨어진 행성은
13:48
well they're so cold
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ μΆ₯κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
13:50
that, again, our form of life would not take hold.
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μš°λ¦¬μ™€ 같은 생λͺ…체가 μ‚΄ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:52
So we find ourselves
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 지ꡬ에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ
13:54
on a planet at this particular distance
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ ν™˜κ²½μ΄ μš°λ¦¬μ™€ 같은 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό
13:56
simply because it yields conditions
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μˆ˜μš©ν•˜κΈ°μ— λ”± μ•Œλ§žμ€
13:58
vital to our form of life.
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쑰건이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:01
And when it comes to planets and their distances,
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ν–‰μ„±κ³Ό κ·Έ μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ”λ°μ—λŠ”
14:04
this clearly is the right kind of reasoning.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 논증이 μ˜¬λ°”λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:08
The point is,
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μš°μ£Όμ™€
14:10
when it comes to universes and the dark energy that they contain,
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μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 양을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ”λ°μ—λ„
14:13
it may also be the right kind of reasoning.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 논증이 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Όμ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:17
One key difference, of course,
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λ‹€λ§Œ ν•œ 가지 λ‹€λ₯Έ 점이라면 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 우주 μ•ˆμ—
14:20
is we know that there are other planets out there,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 행성듀이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을
14:22
but so far I've only speculated on the possibility
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ν™•μ‹€ν•˜κ²Œ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μš°μ£Όλ“€μ˜ 쑴재 κ°€λŠ₯성은
14:25
that there might be other universes.
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κ·Έμ € 좔츑일 λΏμ΄λΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:27
So to pull it all together,
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μ’…ν•©ν•˜μžλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²ŒλŠ”
14:29
we need a mechanism
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사싀상 λ‹€λ₯Έ μš°μ£Όλ“€μ„ μƒμ„±μ‹œν‚€λŠ”
14:31
that can actually generate other universes.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ©”μΉ΄λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:34
And that takes me to my final part, part three.
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μ΄λŠ” μ œκ°€ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ–˜κΈ°ν•  μ£Όμ œμ™€ μ—°κ΄€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:37
Because such a mechanism has been found
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°μ£Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ λŒ€ν­λ°œμ΄λ‘ μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
14:40
by cosmologists trying to understand the Big Bang.
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이 λ©”μΉ΄λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ„ μ•Œμ•„λƒˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:43
You see, when we speak of the Big Bang,
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λŒ€ν­λ°œμ΄λ‘ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•  λ•Œ
14:45
we often have an image
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 보톡 μ»€λ‹€λž€ 폭발과 ν•¨κ»˜
14:47
of a kind of cosmic explosion
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우리 μš°μ£Όκ°€ νƒ„μƒν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
14:49
that created our universe
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곡간이 λ°”κΉ₯으둜
14:51
and set space rushing outward.
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λ»—μ–΄λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ μƒμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:54
But there's a little secret.
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그런데 μ—¬κΈ°μ—” 비밀이 숨겨져 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:56
The Big Bang leaves out something pretty important,
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λ°”λ‘œ λŒ€ν­λ°œμ΄λ‘ μ—λŠ” 폭발 뢀뢄에 λŒ€ν•œ μ–˜κΈ°κ°€
14:59
the Bang.
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μ „ν˜€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:01
It tells us how the universe evolved after the Bang,
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λŒ€ν­λ°œμ΄λ‘ μ€ 폭발 이후 μš°μ£Όκ°€ μ–΄λ–€ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό κ±°μ³€λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄
15:04
but gives us no insight
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μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λŒ€ν­λ°œ μžμ²΄κ°€
15:06
into what would have powered the Bang itself.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„  μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:10
And this gap was finally filled
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λŒ€ν­λ°œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ„€λͺ…은
15:12
by an enhanced version of the Big Bang theory.
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λŒ€ν­λ°œμ΄λ‘ μ„ κ°œμ„ μ‹œν‚¨
15:14
It's called inflationary cosmology,
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κΈ‰νŒ½μ°½μ΄λ‘ μ΄ λ“±μž₯ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λΉ„λ‘œμ†Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:17
which identified a particular kind of fuel
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κΈ‰νŒ½μ°½μ΄λ‘ μ— μ˜ν•˜λ©΄ 곡간이 λ°”κΉ₯으둜
15:21
that would naturally generate
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νŒ½μ°½λ˜λŠ” λ°μ—λŠ”
15:23
an outward rush of space.
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νŠΉλ³„ν•œ μ—°λ£Œκ°€ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:25
The fuel is based on something called a quantum field,
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이 μ—°λ£ŒλŠ” μ–‘μžμž₯μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을
15:28
but the only detail that matters for us
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기반으둜 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°
15:31
is that this fuel proves to be so efficient
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κ·Έ νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ΄ μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λ†’μ•„μ„œ
15:34
that it's virtually impossible
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이 μ—°λ£Œλ₯Ό μ „λΆ€ μ¨λ²„λ¦¬λŠ” 것은
15:36
to use it all up,
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사싀상 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:38
which means in the inflationary theory,
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μ΄λŠ” λŒ€ν­λ°œμ΄
15:40
the Big Bang giving rise to our universe
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우리 μš°μ£Όμ— ν•œν•΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 일회적인 사건이 아닐
15:43
is likely not a one-time event.
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κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:46
Instead the fuel not only generated our Big Bang,
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즉 κ³ κ°ˆλ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ—°λ£Œλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μˆ˜μ—†μ΄ λ§Žμ€ λŒ€ν­λ°œλ“€μ΄ λ°œμƒν•˜κ³ 
15:49
but it would also generate countless other Big Bangs,
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각각의 λŒ€ν­λ°œμ€
15:55
each giving rise to its own separate universe
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 우주의 νƒ„μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ§„λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:58
with our universe becoming but one bubble
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κ±°ν’ˆ λͺ©μš•μ— λΉ„μœ ν•˜λ©΄ 우리 μš°μ£ΌλŠ”
16:00
in a grand cosmic bubble bath of universes.
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ κ±°ν’ˆ 덩어리 쀑 단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ κ±°ν’ˆμ— λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:03
And now, when we meld this with string theory,
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이제 이 κ°œλ…μ„ 끈이둠과 κ²°ν•©μ‹œν‚€λ©΄
16:05
here's the picture we're led to.
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λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ 연상할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:07
Each of these universes has extra dimensions.
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각각의 μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ­‰μΉœ
16:09
The extra dimensions take on a wide variety of different shapes.
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여뢄차원듀을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:12
The different shapes yield different physical features.
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이둜 인해 각 μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 물리적 νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ§€λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:15
And we find ourselves in one universe instead of another
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μš°μ£Όκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ 이 μš°μ£Όμ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
16:18
simply because it's only in our universe
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μ•”ν‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ μ–‘κ³Ό 같은
16:21
that the physical features, like the amount of dark energy,
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우리 우주의 물리적 νŠΉμ„±λ“€μ΄
16:24
are right for our form of life to take hold.
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μš°λ¦¬μ™€ 같은 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό μˆ˜μš©ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ ν•©ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:28
And this is the compelling but highly controversial picture
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ”
16:31
of the wider cosmos
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우리 우주의 유λ ₯ν•œ λͺ¨λΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:33
that cutting-edge observation and theory
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이에 λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όλž€μ΄ 많긴 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
16:35
have now led us to seriously consider.
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μ΅œμ²¨λ‹¨ κ΄€μΈ‘κ³Ό 이둠듀을 κ³ λ €ν•˜λ©΄ 이 λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ‹¬κ°ν•˜κ²Œ 받아듀이지 μ•Šμ„ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:39
One big remaining question, of course, is,
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λ¬Όλ‘  λ‹€λ₯Έ μš°μ£Όλ“€μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό μ‹€μ œλ‘œ
16:43
could we ever confirm
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확인할 수 μžˆμ„μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ˜λ¬Έμ€
16:46
the existence of other universes?
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:49
Well let me describe
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ΄μ œλΆ€ν„° λ‹€μ€‘μš°μ£Όμ˜ 싀체λ₯Ό
16:51
one way that might one day happen.
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확인할 κ°€λŠ₯성에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν•œ 번 μ–˜κΈ°ν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:54
The inflationary theory
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κΈ‰νŒ½μ°½μ΄λ‘ μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ·Όκ±°λŠ”
16:56
already has strong observational support.
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우주 관츑을 톡해 이미 ν™•λ³΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:58
Because the theory predicts
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κΈ‰νŒ½μ°½μ΄λ‘ μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ 우주 λŒ€ν­λ°œμ€
17:00
that the Big Bang would have been so intense
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맀우 κ°•λ ¬ν•˜κ²Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:02
that as space rapidly expanded,
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곡간이 κΈ‰μ†νžˆ νŒ½μ°½ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λ―Έμ‹œμ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ–‘μžμ  μš”λ™μ΄
17:05
tiny quantum jitters from the micro world
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μˆœμ‹κ°„μ— κ±°μ‹œμ μΈ 크기둜 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚¬κ³ 
17:07
would have been stretched out to the macro world,
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이 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 곡간 내에 뜨거운 지점과 μ°¨κ°€μš΄ 지점듀이
17:10
yielding a distinctive fingerprint,
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λ…νŠΉν•œ 무늬λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€λ©° ν˜•μ„±λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:13
a pattern of slightly hotter spots and slightly colder spots,
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이 λ¬΄λŠ¬λŠ” 마치 지문과 같은 것인데
17:15
across space,
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μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ€ κ³ μ„±λŠ₯ 망원경을 톡해
17:17
which powerful telescopes have now observed.
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이 무늬λ₯Ό μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ΄€μΈ‘ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:20
Going further, if there are other universes,
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또 κΈ‰νŒ½μ°½μ΄λ‘ μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μš°μ£Όλ“€μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•  경우
17:23
the theory predicts that every so often
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우주끼리 μ„œλ‘œ μΆ©λŒν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°λ„
17:25
those universes can collide.
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λ°œμƒν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:27
And if our universe got hit by another,
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λ§Œμ•½ 우리 μš°μ£Όκ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μš°μ£Όμ™€
17:29
that collision
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μΆ©λŒν•œλ‹€λ©΄ κ·Έ 좩돌둜 인해
17:31
would generate an additional subtle pattern
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우주 곡간에 λ―Έλ¬˜ν•œ μ˜¨λ„ λ³€ν™”κ°€
17:33
of temperature variations across space
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λ°œμƒν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”λ° μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄
17:35
that we might one day
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κ·Έ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 감지해 λ‹€μ€‘μš°μ£Όμ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό
17:37
be able to detect.
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확인할 수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:39
And so exotic as this picture is,
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ 이런 이야기가 κ·Έμ € μ‹ κΈ°ν•œ 이둠에 λΆˆκ³Όν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
17:42
it may one day be grounded
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μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ” 관츑을 톡해
17:44
in observations,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 우주의 μ‘΄μž¬κ°€
17:46
establishing the existence of other universes.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μž…μ¦λ  수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:49
I'll conclude
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ•žμ„œ μ„€λͺ…λ“œλ Έλ˜ 것듀이
17:51
with a striking implication
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λ¨Ό λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 무엇을 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ”μ§€
17:54
of all these ideas
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이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©°
17:56
for the very far future.
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강연을 λ§ˆμΉ˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:58
You see, we learned
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ¨Ό μ€ν•˜μ—μ„œ μ˜€λŠ”
18:00
that our universe is not static,
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별빛듀을 κ΄€μΈ‘ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
18:02
that space is expanding,
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우리 μš°μ£Όκ°€ 정적이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
18:04
that that expansion is speeding up
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” νŒ½μ°½ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을
18:06
and that there might be other universes
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λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:08
all by carefully examining
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또 κ·Έ 팽창 속도가 점점
18:10
faint pinpoints of starlight
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빨라지고 있고 우리 우주 외에
18:12
coming to us from distant galaxies.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μš°μ£Όλ“€μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점도 ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:15
But because the expansion is speeding up,
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우주의 팽창이 점점 더 λΉ¨λΌμ§€λ©΄μ„œ μ€ν•˜λ“€λ„ 점차 더
18:18
in the very far future,
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멀어지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ¨Ό λ―Έλž˜μ—λŠ”
18:20
those galaxies will rush away so far and so fast
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ€ν•˜λ“€μ„ 더 이상 κ΄€μΈ‘ν•  수 μ—†κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:23
that we won't be able to see them --
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μ΄λŠ” 기술이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•΄μ„œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
18:26
not because of technological limitations,
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우주λ₯Ό μ§€λ°°ν•˜λŠ” 물리적 법칙을
18:28
but because of the laws of physics.
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거슀λ₯Ό 수 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:30
The light those galaxies emit,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ€ν•˜λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ˜€λŠ” 빛은
18:32
even traveling at the fastest speed, the speed of light,
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아무리 빨라도 μ†λ„μ˜ ν•œκ³„κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
18:35
will not be able to overcome
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λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”
18:37
the ever-widening gulf between us.
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κ³΅κ°„μ˜ 팽창 속도λ₯Ό 극볡할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:40
So astronomers in the far future
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λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ¨Ό 미래의 μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ€
18:42
looking out into deep space
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우주λ₯Ό 바라볼 λ•Œ
18:44
will see nothing but an endless stretch
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정적이고 칠흑 같은 μ–΄λ‘  밖에
18:47
of static, inky, black stillness.
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보지 λͺ»ν•  것이고 κ²°κ΅­μ—” μš°μ£Όκ°€
18:51
And they will conclude
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정적이고 λΆˆλ³€ν• λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
18:53
that the universe is static and unchanging
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우주의 λͺ¨λ“  물질이 ν•œ 곳에 λͺ¨μ—¬μžˆλ‹€λŠ”
18:55
and populated by a single central oasis of matter
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결둠을 내릴 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:58
that they inhabit --
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ 틀리닀고
19:00
a picture of the cosmos
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μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 것을
19:02
that we definitively know to be wrong.
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미래의 μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ‚¬μ‹€λ‘œ 믿게 λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:05
Now maybe those future astronomers will have records
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λ¬Όλ‘  ν˜„μž¬μ˜ μš°λ¦¬μ™€ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λ¨Ό 미래의 μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€λ„
19:08
handed down from an earlier era,
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이전 μ„ΈλŒ€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‚΄λ €μ˜€λŠ” μžλ£Œλ“€μ„
19:10
like ours,
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톡해 μ€ν•˜λ“€λ‘œ 가득차고
19:12
attesting to an expanding cosmos
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λ™μ μœΌλ‘œ νŒ½μ°½ν•˜λŠ”
19:14
teeming with galaxies.
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우주의 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ μ ‘ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:16
But would those future astronomers
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 미래의 μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ΄
19:18
believe such ancient knowledge?
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κ³ λŒ€μ˜ 자료λ₯Ό κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ―Ώμ„κΉŒμš”,
19:21
Or would they believe
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ΅œμ²¨λ‹¨ κΈ°κΈ°λ₯Ό 톡해
19:23
in the black, static empty universe
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κ΄€μΈ‘ν•œ 정적이고 ν……ν…… λΉ„μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”,
19:26
that their own state-of-the-art observations reveal?
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μ‹œμ»€λ¨Ό 우주λ₯Ό μ‚¬μ‹€λ‘œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μΌκΉŒμš”?
19:30
I suspect the latter.
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μ €λŠ” ν›„μžλΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:32
Which means that we are living
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즉, μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
19:34
through a remarkably privileged era
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νƒν—˜μ„ 톡해 우주의 진싀을 νŒŒν—€μΉ  수 μžˆλŠ”,
19:37
when certain deep truths about the cosmos
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좕볡받은 μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό
19:39
are still within reach
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μ‚΄μ•„κ°€κ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
19:41
of the human spirit of exploration.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 특혜λ₯Ό
19:43
It appears that it may not always be that way.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–Έμ œκΉŒμ§€λ‚˜ λˆ„λ¦¬μ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:48
Because today's astronomers,
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이 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ€
19:50
by turning powerful telescopes to the sky,
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κ°•λ ₯ν•œ λ§μ›κ²½μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ 바라보며
19:53
have captured a handful of starkly informative photons --
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마치 μ „λ³΄μ²˜λŸΌ
19:56
a kind of cosmic telegram
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μˆ˜μ‹­ μ–΅ λ…„ μ „ 우주의 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ κ°„μ§ν•œ 채 지ꡬλ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄
19:59
billions of years in transit.
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λ‚ μ•„μ˜€λŠ” 빛듀을 ν¬μ°©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:01
and the message echoing across the ages is clear.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 세월을 거쳐 λ‚ μ•„μ˜¨ 이 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ“€μ΄ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ” λͺ…ν™•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:05
Sometimes nature guards her secrets
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μžμ—°μ€ λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ 물리 법칙 뒀에
20:08
with the unbreakable grip
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μžμ‹ μ˜ 비밀듀을
20:10
of physical law.
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숨겨 λ†“λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:12
Sometimes the true nature of reality beckons
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μ§„μ‹€μ˜ μΌλΆ€λŠ” κ·Έ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 채 μˆ˜ν‰μ„  λ„ˆλ¨Έμ—μ„œ
20:16
from just beyond the horizon.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ‹ λΉ„λ‘œμ›€μ˜ λŒ€μƒμ΄ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:19
Thank you very much.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:21
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
20:25
Chris Anderson: Brian, thank you.
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크리슀 μ•€λ”μŠ¨: κ·Έλ¦° λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:27
The range of ideas you've just spoken about
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κ°•μ—°ν•˜μ‹  λ‚΄μš©μ€ 정말
20:29
are dizzying, exhilarating, incredible.
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λ―ΏκΈ° νž˜λ“€ μ •λ„λ‘œ λŒ€λ‹¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:32
How do you think
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ν•œ 가지 질문이 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
20:34
of where cosmology is now,
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역사적인 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 봀을 λ•Œ ν˜„μž¬ 우주둠이
20:36
in a sort of historical side?
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μ–΄λ””μ―€ 와 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ³΄μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
20:38
Are we in the middle of something unusual historically in your opinion?
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 우주둠이 과거와 μ°¨λ³„λ˜λŠ” νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 단계에 λ„λ‹¬ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λ³΄μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
20:41
BG: Well it's hard to say.
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λΈŒλΌμ΄μ–Έ κ·Έλ¦°: κΈ€μŽ„μš”. μ’€ μ–΄λ €μš΄ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄λ„€μš”.
20:43
When we learn that astronomers of the far future
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미래의 μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ΄ 정보가 λΆ€μ‘±ν•΄ μš°μ£Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ •ν™•ν•œ 그림을
20:46
may not have enough information to figure things out,
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그리지 λͺ»ν•  κ²ƒμ΄λž€ 사싀을 κΉ¨λ‹«κ²Œ 됐을 λ•Œ μžμ—°νžˆ μ§€κΈˆ μš°λ¦¬λ„
20:49
the natural question is, maybe we're already in that position
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그런 단계에 μžˆλŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹Œμ§€ 의문이 λ“€ 수 밖에 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:52
and certain deep, critical features of the universe
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μš°μ£Όκ°€ μ§„ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 방식 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 아무리 λ…Έλ ₯해도 우주의
20:55
already have escaped our ability to understand
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핡심적 원리λ₯Ό 깊이 있게 이해할 수 μ—†λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹Œκ°€ν•˜λŠ”
20:58
because of how cosmology evolves.
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의문이 λ“€μ—ˆμ£ .
21:00
So from that perspective,
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그런 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 봀을 λ•Œ μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
21:02
maybe we will always be asking questions
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λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ˜μ§€λ©΄μ„œλ„ 그에 λŒ€ν•œ 해닡을
21:04
and never be able to fully answer them.
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μ™„μ „ν•˜κ²Œ μ–»μ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν• μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:06
On the other hand, we now can understand
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반면 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우주의 λ‚˜μ΄κ°€
21:08
how old the universe is.
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μ–΄λŠ 정도 λ˜λŠ”μ§€
21:10
We can understand
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κ³„μ‚°ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆκ³ 
21:12
how to understand the data from the microwave background radiation
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137μ–΅ λ…„ 전에 μƒμ„±λœ
21:15
that was set down 13.72 billion years ago --
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마이크둜 배경볡사가 μ–΄λ–€ λͺ¨μŠ΅μΌμ§€ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•΄
21:18
and yet, we can do calculations today to predict how it will look
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ·Έ 예츑이
21:20
and it matches.
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μ‚¬μ‹€μž„μ„ μž…μ¦ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:22
Holy cow! That's just amazing.
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이건 μ—„μ²­ λ†€λΌμš΄ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:24
So on the one hand, it's just incredible where we've gotten,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 온 κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλ„ 정말 ꡉμž₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ”
21:27
but who knows what sort of blocks we may find in the future.
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생각이 λ“€μ§€λ§Œ λ―Έλž˜μ— 또 μ–΄λ–€ 일듀이 νŽΌμ³μ§ˆμ§€λŠ” 아무도 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 일이죠.
21:31
CA: You're going to be around for the next few days.
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크리슀 μ•€λ”μŠ¨: μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ©°μΉ κ°„ 더 κ³„μ‹€ν…Œλ‹ˆ κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό
21:34
Maybe some of these conversations can continue.
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더 ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:36
Thank you. Thank you, Brian. (BG: My pleasure.)
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€. (κ·Έλ¦°: μ œκ°€ μ˜κ΄‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€)
21:38
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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