Daniel Kraft invents a better way to harvest bone marrow

29,112 views ・ 2009-07-15

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Seyoung Yoon κ²€ν† : Seah Kang
00:18
So I am a pediatric cancer doctor
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”. μ €λŠ” μ†Œμ•„μ•” μ „λ¬Έμ˜μ΄κ³ 
00:21
and stem-cell researcher at Stanford University
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ν˜„μž¬ μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œ λŒ€ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ μ€„κ²Œμ„Έν¬λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
where my clinical focus has been bone marrow transplantation.
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제 μ£Ό μž„μƒλΆ„μ•ΌλŠ” κ³¨μˆ˜μ΄μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
Now, inspired by Jill Bolte Taylor last year,
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μž‘λ…„ 질 ν…ŒμΌλŸ¬μ”¨κ°€ 그랬던 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
00:30
I didn't bring a human brain,
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인간 λ‡Œλ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜€μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
00:32
but I did bring a liter of bone marrow.
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덕뢄에 μ˜κ°μ„ μ–»μ–΄ 1λ¦¬ν„°μ§œλ¦¬ 골수λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
And bone marrow is actually what we use
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κ³¨μˆ˜λŠ” μ‹€μ œ λ°±ν˜ˆλ³‘μ΄λ‚˜ λ¦Όν”„μ’… 같은 μ•…μ„±μ’…μ–‘μ΄λ‚˜
00:38
to save the lives of tens of thousands of patients,
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기타 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ§ˆλ³‘μ— κ±Έλ¦°
00:40
most of whom have advanced malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma
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수 만λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μžλ“€μ„
00:43
and some other diseases.
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μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
So, a few years ago, I'm doing my transplant fellowship at Stanford.
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λͺ‡ λ…„ 전에 μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œμ—μ„œ 이식 μ—°κ΅¬μ›μœΌλ‘œ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
00:49
I'm in the operating room. We have Bob here,
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μˆ˜μˆ μ‹€μ— λ°₯(Bob)이라고 ν•˜λŠ”
00:51
who is a volunteer donor.
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골수 κΈ°μ¦μžκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
We're sending his marrow across the country to save the life
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그의 골수λ₯Ό μ–΄λ¦° λ°±ν˜ˆλ³‘ ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ 보내
00:55
of a child with leukemia.
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κ·Έ μ•„μ΄μ˜ 생λͺ…을 μ‚΄λ €μ•Ό ν–ˆμ£ .
00:57
So actually how do we harvest this bone marrow?
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이 λ•Œ 골수λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΆ”μΆœ ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:59
Well we have a whole O.R. team, general anesthesia, nurses,
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일단 μˆ˜μˆ νŒ€, μ „μ‹  마취제, κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬, 그리고
01:03
and another doctor across from me.
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제 κ±΄λ„ˆνŽΈμ— 또 ν•œ λͺ…μ˜ μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
Bob's on the table, and we take this sort of small needle,
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μˆ˜μˆ λŒ€ μœ„μ— λ°₯이 λˆ„μ›Œ μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ μž‘μ€ λ°”λŠ˜μ„ μ§‘μ–΄λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
you know, not too big.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ 큰 것 λ§κ³ μš”.
01:09
And the way we do this is we basically
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기본적으둜 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 일은
01:11
place this through the soft tissue,
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μ£Όμ‚¬κΈ°λ‘œ 연쑰직을 뚫고
01:13
and kind of punch it into the hard bone,
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엉덩이 μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ
01:15
into the tuchus -- that's a technical term --
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λΌˆμ— ꡬλͺ…을 λš«μ–΄
01:17
and aspirate about 10 mls of bone marrow out,
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맀번 μ•½ 10mL μ •λ„μ˜ 골수λ₯Ό
01:21
each time, with a syringe.
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λ½‘μ•„λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
And hand it off to the nurse. She squirts it into a tin.
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이λ₯Ό 받은 κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬λŠ” 그릇에 λ‚΄μš©λ¬Όμ„ λ³΄κ΄€ν•˜κ³ 
01:26
Hands it back to me. And we do that again and again.
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주사기λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ 제게 건내주죠. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λŠ” 같은 절차λ₯Ό μ—¬λŸ¬ 번 λ°˜λ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
About 200 times usually.
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λŒ€κ°œ 200번 정도 λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜λŠ”λ° 수술이 끝날 λ•Œμ―€μ΄λ©΄
01:31
And by the end of this my arm is sore, I've got a callus on my hand,
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νŒ”μ΄ μ•„ν”ˆ 것은 λ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜κ³  μ†μ—λŠ” ꡳ은 살이 λ°•νžˆμ£ .
01:33
let alone Bob,
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λ°₯의 μƒνƒœλŠ” 말할 것도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
whose rear end looks something more like this,
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수술 ν›„ 그의 엉덩이μͺ½ 뢀뢄은 λŒ€μΆ© 이런 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄ 돼 있죠.
01:37
like Swiss cheese.
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μŠ€μœ„μŠ€ μΉ˜μ¦ˆμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
01:39
So I'm thinking, you know, this procedure hasn't changed in about 40 years.
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μ§€λ‚œ 40λ…„κ°„ 이런 수술 μ ˆμ°¨μ— λ³€ν™”κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
And there is probably a better way to do this.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„λ¬΄λž˜λ„ 훨씬 더 κ°„νŽΈν•œ 방법이 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμ΄λž€ 생각을 ν–ˆμ£ .
01:45
So I thought of a minimally invasive approach,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 인체 μΉ¨μž…μ„ μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μƒκ°ν•΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
and a new device that we call the Marrow Miner.
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골수 광뢀라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 기기도 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ£ .
01:50
This is it.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ΄κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
And the Marrow Miner, the way it works is shown here.
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골수 κ΄‘λΆ€λŠ” 이처럼 μž‘λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
Our standard see-through patient.
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여기에 λ‚΄λΆ€κΉŒμ§€ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μƒμ˜ ν™˜μžκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
Instead of entering the bone dozens of times,
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뼈λ₯Ό μ—¬λŸ¬ 번 λš«λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ 
01:59
we enter just once, into the front of the hip or the back of the hip.
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엉덩이 μ•žμͺ½μ΄λ‚˜ λ’€μͺ½μ—μ„œ 단 ν•œ 번만 λš«μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
And we have a flexible, powered catheter
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ꡬ뢀리기 쉽고 동λ ₯을 κ°€μ§„ 도뇨관이 μžˆλŠ”λ° 끝 λΆ€λΆ„μ—λŠ”
02:04
with a special wire loop tip that stays inside the crunchy part of the marrow
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골수의 무λ₯Έ λΆ€λΆ„ μ•ˆμ— 머물게 될 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 철사 고리가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
and follows the contours of the hip, as it moves around.
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이 도뇨관은 골반의 외곽을 따라 μ›€μ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
So it enables you to very rapidly aspirate,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ κ΅¬λ©λ§Œμ„ 톡해 ꡉμž₯히 빨리
02:12
or suck out, rich bone marrow very quickly through one hole.
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κ³ κΈ‰ 골수λ₯Ό λ½‘μ•„λ‚΄λŠ” 것을 κ°€λŠ₯μΌ€ ν•˜μ£ .
02:15
We can do multiple passes through that same entry.
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같은 ꡬ멍을 톡해 골수λ₯Ό μ—¬λŸ¬ 번 뽑아낼 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
No robots required.
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λ‘œλ΄‡μ€ μ „ν˜€ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
And, so, very quickly, Bob can just get one puncture, local anesthesia,
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κ°„νŽΈν•˜κ²Œ, 단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ꡬ멍과 κ΅­μ†Œ 마취λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œλ„ λ°₯의 골수λ₯Ό μΆ”μΆœν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
and do this harvest as an outpatient.
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λ˜ν•œ μ™Έλž˜ ν™˜μžλ‘œ μ§„λ£Œλ₯Ό 받을 수 있죠.
02:26
So I did a few prototypes. I got a small little grant at Stanford.
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μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œμ˜ μŠΉμΈμ„ λ°›μ•„ μ›ν˜•μ„ λͺ‡ 개 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
And played around with this a little bit.
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그리고 μ›ν˜•μ„ κ°€μ§€κ³  이것저것 ν•΄λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ
02:31
And our team members developed this technology.
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우리 νŒ€μ›λ“€κ³Ό 이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ™„μ„±μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
And eventually we got two large animals, and pig studies.
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κ²°κ΅­μ—” 큰 동물 두 λ§ˆλ¦¬λž‘ 돼지λ₯Ό μ–»μ–΄ 골수 κ΄‘λΆ€λ₯Ό μ‹€ν—˜ν•΄λ΄€μ£ .
02:37
And we found, to our surprise, that we not only got bone marrow out,
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λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ 골수λ₯Ό μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μΆœν–ˆμ„ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
02:39
but we got 10 times the stem cell activity
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μΆ”μΆœν•œ 골수 λ‚΄ μ€„κΈ°μ„Έν¬μ˜ ν™œλ™λŸ‰μ΄
02:42
in the marrow from the Marrow Miner, compared to the normal device.
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κΈ°μ‘΄ 방식과 비ꡐ해 10λ°°λ‚˜ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
This device was just FDA approved in the last year.
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골수 κ΄‘λΆ€λŠ” μž‘λ…„ FDA의 μŠΉμΈμ„ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
Here is a live patient. You can see it following the flexible curves around.
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μ§€κΈˆ λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” 것은 μ‹€μ œ ν™˜μžμ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 기기의 도뇨관이 골반 외곽을 따라 μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 있죠.
02:50
There will be two passes here, in the same patient, from the same hole.
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같은 ꡬ멍을 톡해 골수λ₯Ό 두 번 μΆ”μΆœν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
This was done under local anesthesia, as an outpatient.
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이 ν™˜μžλŠ” μ™Έλž˜ ν™˜μžλ‘œ, κ΅­μ†Œ 마취 ν›„ 수술이 μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
And we got, again, about three to six times more stem cells
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쀄기세포 μΆ”μΆœλŸ‰λ„ κΈ°μ‘΄ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 같은 ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€
02:58
than the standard approach done on the same patient.
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3~6λ°° 정도 더 λ§Žμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
So why should you care? Bone marrow is a very rich source of adult stem cells.
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그럼 이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 방식에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ™œ 관심을 κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”? κ³¨μˆ˜λŠ” 성체 μ€„κΈ°μ„Έν¬μ˜ ν’λΆ€ν•œ 곡급원이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
You all know about embryonic stem cells.
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μ•„λ§ˆ λ°°μ•„ μ€„κ²Œμ„Έν¬μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ“€μ–΄ λ³΄μ…¨μ„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
They've got great potential but haven't yet entered clinical trials.
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λ°°μ•„ μ€„κΈ°μ„Έν¬λŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성이 μ–΄λ§ˆν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 아직 μž„μƒ μ‹€ν—˜μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ μƒνƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
Adult stem cells are throughout our body,
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성체 μ€„κΈ°μ„Έν¬λŠ” 우리 λͺΈ 전체에 걸쳐 뢄포돼 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
including the blood-forming stem cells in our bone marrow,
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골수 λ‚΄ ν˜ˆμ•‘μ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 쀄기세포도 성체 μ€„κΈ°μ„Έν¬μ˜ 일쒅이죠.
03:13
which we've been using as a form of stem-cell therapy
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 성체 쀄기세포λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ μ§€λ‚œ 40λ…„κ°„
03:15
for over 40 years.
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μΌμ’…μ˜ 쀄기세포 치료λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
In the last decade there's been an explosion of use
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μ§€λ‚œ 10λ…„ λ™μ•ˆμ€ ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ§ˆν™˜ 치료λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄
03:20
of bone marrow stem cells to treat the patient's other diseases
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골수 쀄기세포가 적극적으둜 μ‚¬μš©λμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
such as heart disease, vascular disease,
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심μž₯ μ§ˆν™˜, ν˜ˆκ΄€ μ§ˆν™˜,
03:25
orthopedics, tissue engineering,
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μ •ν˜•μ™Έμ  μ§ˆν™˜, ν”ΌλΆ€ μž¬μƒ,
03:27
even in neurology to treat Parkinson's
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νŒŒν‚¨μŠ¨ 병, 그리고
03:29
and diabetes.
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λ‹Ήλ‡¨λ³‘μ˜ μΉ˜λ£Œμ—κΉŒμ§€ 쓰이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
We've just come out, we're commercializing, this year,
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λ“œλ””μ–΄ μ˜¬ν•΄ 골수 κ΄‘λΆ€ 2μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό
03:33
generation 2.0 of the Marrow Miner.
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μΆœμ‹œν•΄ μƒμ—…ν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
The hope is that this gets more stem cells out,
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이번 μΆœμ‹œκ°€ 더 λ§Žμ€ 쀄기세포 μΆ”μΆœμ„ 톡해
03:37
which translates to better outcomes.
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μ§ˆν™˜ 치료의 성곡에 μ΄λ°”μ§€ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λž„ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
It may encourage more people to sign up to be
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이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 기기둜 인해 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
03:41
potential live-saving bone marrow donors.
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골수 κΈ°μ¦μžκ°€ 될지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
It may even enable you to bank
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뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 더 젊고 건강할 λ•Œ
03:45
your own marrow stem cells, when you're younger and healthier,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μžμ‹ μ˜ 쀄기세포λ₯Ό λ―Έλž˜μ— ν•„μš”ν•  λ•Œ μ“Έ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘
03:47
to use in the future should you need it.
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μ €μž₯ν•΄ λ‘˜ 수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
And ultimately -- and here's a picture of our
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여기에 λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” 사진은 골수 μ΄μ‹μœΌλ‘œ
03:52
bone marrow transplant survivors,
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생λͺ…을 λ˜μ°Ύμ€ λΆ„λ“€μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
who come together for a reunion each year at Stanford.
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λ§€λ…„ μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œμ—μ„œ λͺ¨μž„을 κ°–κ³  있죠.
03:56
Hopefully this technology will let us
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κ²°κ³Όμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 이 기술이 μ΄λ“€μ²˜λŸΌ
03:58
have more of these survivors in the future.
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μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ κ΅΄λ ˆμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 수λ₯Ό 늘렸으면 ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
Thanks.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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