This scientist makes ears out of apples | Andrew Pelling

182,684 views ใƒป 2016-07-08

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JY Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I've got a confession.
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๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ•  ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:14
I love looking through people's garbage.
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์ „ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ†ต ๋’ค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Now, it's not some creepy thing.
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๋ญ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
00:19
I'm usually just looking for old electronics,
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๋ณดํ†ต์€ ๋‚ก์€ ์ „์ž์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
stuff I can take to my workshop and hack.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋œฏ์–ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
00:24
I do have a fetish for CD-ROM drives.
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์ „ ์‹œ๋””๋กฌ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ์— ์ง‘์ฐฉ์ฆ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:28
Each one's got three different motors,
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:30
so now you can build things that move.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:32
There's switches so you can turn things on and off.
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์ผœ๊ณ  ๋„๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
There's even a freaking laser,
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๋๋‚ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
00:37
so you can make a cool robot into an awesome robot.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋” ๋๋‚ด์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:42
Now, I've built a lot of stuff out of garbage,
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์ €๋Š” ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
and some of these things have even been kind of useful.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ๊ฝค ์“ธ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:48
But here's the thing,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:49
for me, garbage is just a chance to play,
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋†€์ž‡๊ฐ์ด์—์š”.
00:52
to be creative and build things to amuse myself.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ฃ .
00:55
This is what I love doing, so I just made it part of my day job.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ, ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ผ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
I lead a university-based biological research lab,
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์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์„ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:01
where we value curiosity and exploration above all else.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ—˜์— ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‘๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
We aren't focused on any particular problem,
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๋ฌด์Šจ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ 
01:08
and we're not trying to solve any particular disease.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•„์š”.
01:10
This is just a place where people can come
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์™”๋‹ค๊ฐ€
01:13
and ask fascinating questions and find answers.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์กŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
And I realized a long time ago
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์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:19
that if I challenge people to build the equipment they need
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์€ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋“ค๋กœ
01:22
out of the garbage I find,
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ์‹œ์ผœ๋ณด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
01:24
it's a great way to foster creativity.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:27
And what happened
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
01:28
was that artists and scientists from around the world
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด
01:31
started coming to my lab.
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
01:33
And it's not just because we value unconventional ideas,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:36
it's because we test and validate them
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜น๋…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
01:39
with scientific rigor.
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ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
So one day I was hacking something, I was taking it apart,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ์–ด๋Š ๋‚ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋œฏ์–ด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์—
01:45
and I had this sudden idea:
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์–ด์š”.
01:47
Could I treat biology like hardware?
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์ƒ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
01:50
Could I dismantle a biological system,
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์ƒ์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
01:53
mix and match the parts
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์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ์„ž๊ณ  ๋ผ์›Œ ๋งž์ถฐ์„œ
01:54
and then put it back together in some new and creative way?
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฐฝ์˜์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
01:57
My lab started working on this,
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์ €ํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
and I want to show you the result.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
02:03
Can any of you guys tell me what fruit this is?
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์ด ๊ณผ์ผ์ด ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
02:07
Audience: Apple!
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์ฒญ์ค‘ : ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์š”!
02:08
Andrew Pelling: That's right -- it's an apple.
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AP: ์— ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ฃ .
02:10
Now, I actually want you to notice as well
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:12
that this is a lot redder than most apples.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋นจ๊ฐ„๋ฐ์š”.
02:16
And that's because we grew human cells into it.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์•ˆ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
We took a totally innocent Macintosh apple,
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์™„์ „ ๋ฌด๊ฒฐํ•œ ๋งคํ‚จํ† ์‹œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
02:23
removed all the apple cells and DNA
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ์™€ DNA๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ 
02:26
and then implanted human cells.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์‹ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
And what we're left with after removing all the apple cells
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ 
02:31
is this cellulose scaffold.
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์„ฌ์œ ์กฐ์ง ๋ผˆ๋Œ€๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋’€์ฃ .
02:33
This is the stuff that gives plants their shape and texture.
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์ด ๋ผˆ๋Œ€๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘๊ณผ ์งˆ๊ฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
And these little holes that you can see,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ž‘์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹คํ…๋ฐ
02:38
this is where all the apple cells used to be.
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์›๋ž˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
So then we come along,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
02:42
we implant some mammalian cells that you can see in blue.
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ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์‹ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
02:45
What happens is, these guys start multiplying
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด ๋…€์„๋“ค์ด ๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
02:47
and they fill up this entire scaffold.
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์ด ๋ผˆ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
As weird as this is,
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๊ธฐ๋ฌ˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
02:52
it's actually really reminiscent of how our own tissues are organized.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹ ์ฒด์กฐ์ง์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์—ฐ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
And we found in our pre-clinical work
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ „์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
02:59
that you can implant these scaffolds into the body,
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์ด ๋ผˆ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชธ์—๋„ ์ด์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:01
and the body will send in cells and a blood supply
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‹ ์ฒด๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ—ค์„œ
03:04
and actually keep these things alive.
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๊ณ„์† ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
This is the point when people started asking me,
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์š”์ปจ๋Œ€, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:10
"Andrew, can you make body parts out of apples?"
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"์•ค๋“œ๋ฅ˜, ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ชธ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ์š”?"
03:15
And I'm like, "You've come to the right place."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ "์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„์˜ค์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:19
I actually brought this up with my wife.
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ œ ์•„๋‚ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
She's a musical instrument maker,
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์ œ ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ์•…๊ธฐ ์ œ์ž‘์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:23
and she does a lot of wood carving for a living.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
So I asked her,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‚ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:28
"Could you, like, literally carve some ears
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"๋ถ€ํƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ท€ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ
03:32
out of an apple for us?"
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์ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๊นŽ์•„์ฃผ๊ฒ ์–ด?"
03:33
And she did.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์คฌ์–ด์š”.
03:35
So I took her ears to the lab.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ท€๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ
03:37
We then started preparing them.
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๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
Yeah, I know.
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๋„ค, ์•Œ์•„์š”.
03:42
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:45
It's a good lab, man.
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์ง„์งœ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
03:47
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:48
And then we grew cells on them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์› ์ฃ .
03:51
And this is the result.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
Listen, my lab is not in the ear-manufacturing business.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ์š”. ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์ด ๊ท€ ์ œ์กฐ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
03:59
People have actually been working on this for decades.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Here's the issue:
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:04
commercial scaffolds can be really expensive and problematic,
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์ƒ์—…์šฉ ๋ผˆ๋Œ€ ์กฐ์ง์€ ์ •๋ง ๋น„์‹ธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
because they're sourced from proprietary products,
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ํŠนํ—ˆ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋™๋ฌผ, ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:11
animals or cadavers.
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04:19
We used an apple and it cost pennies.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ํ‘ผ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:22
What's also really cool here
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์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:24
is it's not that hard to make these things.
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ˜€ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
The equipment you need can be built from garbage,
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:30
and the key processing step only requires soap and water.
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์ฃผ์š” ๊ณต์ •์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณค ๋น„๋ˆ„์™€ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
So what we did was put all the instructions online as open source.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋กœ ๋‹ค ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
And then we founded a mission-driven company,
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์–ด๋Š ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„
04:41
and we're developing kits to make it easier
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์ด๊ฑธ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ์ž‘ํ‚คํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
for anyone with a sink and a soldering iron
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์„ธ๋ฉด๋Œ€์™€ ๋‚ฉ๋•œ์šฉ ์ธ๋‘๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
04:46
to make these things at home.
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์ง‘์—์„œ๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:48
What I'm really curious about is if one day,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด, ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š”
04:52
it will be possible to repair, rebuild and augment our own bodies
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๋ถ€์—Œ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ณ , ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด
04:57
with stuff we make in the kitchen.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
Speaking of kitchens,
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๋ถ€์—Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ˆ ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
05:03
here's some asparagus.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„์ŠคํŒŒ๋ผ๊ฑฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
They're tasty, and they make your pee smell funny.
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๋ง›๋„ ์ข‹๊ณ , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
05:08
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:09
Now, I was in my kitchen, and I was noticing
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์—Œ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:12
that when you look down the stalks of these asparagus,
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์•„์ŠคํŒŒ๋ผ๊ฑฐ์Šค ์ค„๊ธฐ ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
05:14
what you can see are all these tiny little vessels.
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์ž‘์€ ๊ด€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
05:17
And when we image them in the lab,
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์ด๊ฑธ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ฐ์–ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
05:19
you can see how the cellulose forms these structures.
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์„ฌ์œ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
This image reminds me of two things:
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:25
our blood vessels
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณผ
05:27
and the structure and organization of our nerves and spinal cord.
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง, ์ฒ™์ถ”์‹ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
So here's the question:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ ค๋ณด์ฃ .
05:33
Can we grow axons and neurons down these channels?
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์ด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์˜ ์ถ•์ƒ‰๋Œ๊ธฐ์™€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:38
Because if we can,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:39
then maybe we can use asparagus to form new connections
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์†์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž˜๋ฆฐ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—
05:44
between the ends of damaged and severed nerves.
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์ด ์•„์ŠคํŒŒ๋ผ๊ฑฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:47
Or maybe even a spinal cord.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ฒ™์ˆ˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์—๋„์š”.
05:50
Don't get me wrong --
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์˜คํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
05:51
this is exceptionally challenging
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์ด๊ฑด ํŠนํžˆ ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด๊ณ 
05:53
and really hard work to do,
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์ •๋ง ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
and we are not the only ones working on this.
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์ €ํฌ๋งŒ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
05:58
But we are the only ones using asparagus.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ŠคํŒŒ๋ผ๊ฑฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ €ํฌ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:04
Right now, we've got really promising pilot data.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋งŒ ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
And we're working with tissue engineers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ง๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ
06:09
and neurosurgeons
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์™ธ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:10
to find out what's actually possible.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:12
So listen, all of the work I've shown you,
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์ž ์ด์ œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:15
the stuff that I've built that's all around me on this stage
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค
06:18
and the other projects my lab is involved in
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ค‘์ธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค
06:21
are all a direct result of me playing with your garbage.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋†€๋˜ ์ค‘์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
Play -- play is a key part of my scientific practice.
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๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
It's how I train my mind to be unconventional and to be creative
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํ‹€์„ ๊นจ๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
06:35
and to decide to make human apple ears.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:38
So, the next time any of you are looking at some old,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ, ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„
๋‚ก๊ณ , ๋ง๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ์ œ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋„ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ ์ฒ ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์—†๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:43
broken-down, malfunctioning, piece-of-crap technology,
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06:47
I want you to think of me.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
06:50
Because I want it.
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์ „ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:51
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:52
Seriously, please find any way to get in touch with me,
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์ •๋ง๋กœ์š”. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
06:56
and let's see what we can build.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ญ˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์ฃ .
06:58
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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