Onora O'Neill: What we don't understand about trust

260,792 views ・ 2013-09-25

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Mira Park κ²€ν† : K Bang
00:12
So I'm going to talk about trust,
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자, μ΄μ œλΆ€ν„° 신뒰에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
and I'm going to start by reminding you
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λ¨Όμ € 신뒰에 λŒ€ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ˜
00:16
of the standard views that people have about trust.
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견해λ₯Ό 짚고 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ£ .
00:20
I think these are so commonplace,
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제 생각에 이것듀은 μƒνˆ¬μ–΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯Ό 수 μžˆμ„ 만큼
00:22
they've become clichΓ©s of our society.
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μš°λ¦¬μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ ν”ν•œ 견해가 된 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
And I think there are three.
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μ„Έ 가지가 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
00:27
One's a claim: there has been a great decline in trust,
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μ²«μ§ΈλŠ” 'μ£Όμž₯'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€: λ°”λ‘œ μ‹ λ’°κ°€ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μ€„μ–΄λ“€μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ£Όμž₯μ΄μ—μš”.
00:31
very widely believed.
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이건 널리 받아듀여지고 있죠.
00:33
The second is an aim: we should have more trust.
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 'λͺ©ν‘œ'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€: μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό 더 μŒ“μ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
00:38
And the third is a task: we should rebuild trust.
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μ„Έλ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” '과제'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€: μžƒμ–΄λ²„λ¦° μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μŒ“μ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
I think that the claim, the aim and the task
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μ €λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ£Όμž₯, λͺ©ν‘œ, κ³Όμ œκ°€
00:48
are all misconceived.
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잘λͺ» λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
So what I'm going to try to tell you today
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 였늘 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜
00:52
is a different story about a claim, an aim and a task
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μ£Όμž₯, λͺ©ν‘œ, κ³Όμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€λ €λ“œλ¦¬λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
which I think give one quite a lot better purchase on the matter.
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제 생각엔 이 λ…Όμ˜μ—μ„œ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 이야기인 것 κ°™λ„€μš”.
01:01
First the claim: Why do people think trust has declined?
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첫번째, 'μ£Όμž₯'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€: μ™œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ‹ λ’°κ°€ μ€„μ–΄λ“€μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν• κΉŒμš”?
01:06
And if I really think about it on the basis of my own evidence,
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μ œκ°€ 가진 증거에 견주어 생각해보면
01:09
I don't know the answer.
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μ €λŠ” 정말 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
I'm inclined to think it may have declined
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ–΄λ–€ ν™œλ™μ΄λ‚˜ 기관에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ
01:15
in some activities or some institutions
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μ‹ λ’°κ°€ μ€„μ–΄λ“€μ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
01:18
and it might have grown in others.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 곳에도 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬ΈμΈ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
I don't have an overview.
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λ¬Όλ‘  μ €μ—κ²Œ 전체적인 μˆ˜μΉ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
01:22
But, of course, I can look at the opinion polls,
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μ—¬λ‘  쑰사 κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό μˆ˜κ°€ 있죠.
01:27
and the opinion polls are supposedly
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μ—¬λ‘  쑰사에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
01:29
the source of a belief that trust has declined.
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우리 μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ μ‹ λ’°λŠ” 쀄어듀고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
When you actually look at opinion polls across time,
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그런데 μ‹œλŒ€μ— 걸쳐 μ—¬λ‘  쑰사 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄
01:37
there's not much evidence for that.
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κ·ΈλŸ΄λ§Œν•œ μ΄μœ λŠ” λ³„λ‘œ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
That's to say, the people who were mistrusted
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄
01:41
20 years ago,
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20년전에 μ‹ λ’°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€,
01:43
principally journalists and politicians, are still mistrusted.
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주둜 μ–Έλ‘ μΈμ΄λ‚˜ μ •μΉ˜μΈλ“€μΈλ°, μ—¬μ „νžˆ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그듀을 μ‹ λ’°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
01:47
And the people who were highly trusted 20 years ago
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그리고 20λ…„ 전에도 μ‹ λ’°λ°›μ•˜λ˜
01:51
are still rather highly trusted: judges, nurses.
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νŒμ‚¬λ‚˜ κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬λ“€μ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ‹ λ’°λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
The rest of us are in between,
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ·Έ 사이에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
and by the way, the average person in the street
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거리λ₯Ό μ§€λ‚˜λŠ” 평균적인 μ‚¬λžŒμ€
01:59
is almost exactly midway.
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거의 μ •ν™•νžˆ 쀑간쯀에 있죠.
02:01
But is that good evidence?
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이게 쒋은 μ¦κ±°μΌκΉŒμš”?
02:03
What opinion polls record is, of course, opinions.
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μ—¬λ‘  μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” λ¬Όλ‘  여둠을 λ°œν‘œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
What else can they record?
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그것 말고 뭘 λ°œν‘œν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:09
So they're looking at the generic attitudes
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬λ‘  μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ–΄λ–€ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ°›μ•˜μ„ λ•Œ
02:13
that people report when you ask them certain questions.
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포괄적인 νƒœλ„λ“€μ„ λ°œν‘œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
Do you trust politicians? Do you trust teachers?
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μ •μΉ˜μΈμ„ μ‹ λ’°ν•˜μ„Έμš”? μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ„ λ―ΏμœΌμ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:20
Now if somebody said to you, "Do you trust greengrocers?
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ "청과물상을 λ―ΏμœΌμ„Έμš”?
02:24
Do you trust fishmongers?
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생선 μž₯수λ₯Ό λ―ΏμœΌμ„Έμš”?
02:26
Do you trust elementary school teachers?"
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μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ„ λ―ΏμœΌμ‹œλ‚˜μš”?" 라고 λ¬»λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
02:28
you would probably begin by saying, "To do what?"
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„μ€ μ•„λ§ˆ "뭐에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”?"라고 물을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
And that would be a perfectly sensible response.
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이건 μ§€κ·Ήνžˆ 합리적인 λ°˜μ‘μ΄μ£ .
02:35
And you might say, when you understood the answer to that,
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λ˜λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  μˆ˜λ„ 있겠죠. 이에 λŒ€ν•œ 닡을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œ,
02:40
"Well, I trust some of them, but not others."
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"λ―ΏλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ„ 있고 μ•ˆλ―ΏλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”"λΌκ³ μš”
02:44
That's a perfectly rational thing.
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이건 μ™„μ „νžˆ 이성적인 λ°˜μ‘μ΄μ£ .
02:46
In short, in our real lives,
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μš”μ•½ν•˜μžλ©΄, 우리의 μ‹€μ œ μ‚Άμ—μ„œ
02:49
we seek to place trust in a differentiated way.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό μ°¨λ³„νšŒλœ 방볍으둜 νŒλ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
We don't make an assumption that the level of trust
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 곡곡 μ§μœ„λ₯Ό 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ
02:56
that we will have in every instance of a certain type
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같은 μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό κ°€μ§„λ‹€κ±°λ‚˜
02:59
of official or office-holder or type of person
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  일에 λŒ€ν•΄
03:03
is going to be uniform.
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같은 μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό κ°–μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
I might, for example, say that I certainly trust
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ €λŠ” μ œκ°€ μ•„λŠ”
03:09
a certain elementary school teacher I know
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μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ μ–΄λ¦° μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ
03:11
to teach the reception class to read,
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μ½λŠ” 법을 잘 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ  것이라 λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
but in no way to drive the school minibus.
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ 톡학 λ²„μŠ€λ₯Ό μš΄μ „ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ–˜κΈ°κ°€ λ‹€λ₯΄μ£ .
03:18
I might, after all, know that she wasn't a good driver.
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μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ μš΄μ „μ„ 잘 λͺ»ν• μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•„λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
03:21
I might trust my most loquacious friend
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또 μ €λŠ” λ§ν•˜κΈ° μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” μΉœκ΅¬κ°€
03:24
to keep a conversation going
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λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό 잘 μ΄λŒμ–΄ 갈거라 λ―Ώμ§€λ§Œ
03:26
but not -- but perhaps not to keep a secret.
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비밀을 잘 지킬거라고 믿진 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
Simple.
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜μ£ .
03:37
So if we've got those evidence in our ordinary lives
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‚Ά μ†μ—μ„œ μ‹ λ’°μ˜ 차별성이
03:42
of the way that trust is differentiated,
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μ‘΄μž¬ν•¨μ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
why do we sort of drop all that intelligence
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그런데 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ™œ 신뒰에 λŒ€ν•΄ μΆ”μƒμ μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³ 
03:47
when we think about trust more abstractly?
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이성을 μ œμ™Έμ‹œμΌœ λ²„λ¦΄κΉŒμš”?
03:51
I think the polls are very bad guides
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제 생각에 μ—¬λ‘  μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” μ‹ λ’°μ˜ μˆ˜μ€€μ„
03:54
to the level of trust that actually exists,
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νŒλ‹¨ν•˜κΈ°μ— 쒋은 μž£λŒ€λŠ” μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
because they try to obliterate the good judgment
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ—¬λ‘  μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ”
04:00
that goes into placing trust.
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신뒰에 λŒ€ν•œ 쒋은 νŒλ‹¨μ„ 없애버리기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:04
Secondly, what about the aim?
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ λͺ©ν‘œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ£ .
04:06
The aim is to have more trust.
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λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
Well frankly, I think that's a stupid aim.
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μ†”μ§νžˆ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ©΄, μ „ 이 λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ μš°μŠ΅λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
It's not what I would aim at.
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이건 μ œκ°€ λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•  λ§Œν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
04:14
I would aim to have more trust in the trustworthy
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제 λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” 믿을 λ§Œν•œ 것은 더 많이 λ―Ώκ³ 
04:17
but not in the untrustworthy.
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λ―Ώμ„λ§Œν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ κ²ƒμ—λŠ” κ·ΈλŸ¬μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
In fact, I aim positively to try not to trust the untrustworthy.
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사싀, 믿지 λͺ»ν•  λ§Œν•œ 것은 믿지 μ•ŠμœΌλ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
And I think, of those people who, for example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 저좕을 λ§ˆλ„ν”„μ”¨μ—κ²Œ 맑긴
04:30
placed their savings with the very aptly named Mr. Madoff,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
04:35
who then made off with them,
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그런데 λ§ˆλ„ν”„μ”¨κ°€ κ·Έκ±Έ 가지고 도망을 κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
and I think of them, and I think, well, yes,
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이런 κ²½μš°λŠ” μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό κ³Όλ„ν•˜κ²Œ
04:40
too much trust.
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λ³΄λ‚Έκ²Œ 되겠죠.
04:42
More trust is not an intelligent aim in this life.
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” 것이 μΈμƒμ˜ 쒋은 λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
Intelligently placed and intelligently refused trust
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ν˜„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ μ‹ λ’°ν•˜κ³ , μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό κ±°λΆ€ν•˜λŠ” 것이
04:50
is the proper aim.
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μ μ ˆν•œ λͺ©ν‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
Well once one says that, one says, yeah, okay,
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄
04:56
that means that what matters in the first place
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무엇보닀 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은
04:59
is not trust but trustworthiness.
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μ‹ λ’°κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ 신뒰성인거죠.
05:02
It's judging how trustworthy people are
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νŠΉμ •ν•œ 츑면에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
05:05
in particular respects.
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λ―Ώμ„λ§Œν•œμ§€ νŒλ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
05:07
And I think that judgment requires us to look at three things.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νŒλ‹¨μ€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 세가지λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
Are they competent? Are they honest? Are they reliable?
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κ·ΈλŸ΄λ§Œν•œ λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆλŠ”κ°€? μ •μ§ν•œκ°€? λ―Ώμ„λ§Œν•œκ°€? κ°€ 그것이죠.
05:15
And if we find that a person is competent
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ κ΄€λ ¨λœ 일에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ
05:18
in the relevant matters,
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λŠ₯λ ₯이 있고
05:19
and reliable and honest,
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λ―Ώμ„λ§Œν•˜κ³  μ •μ§ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄
05:21
we'll have a pretty good reason to trust them,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그듀을 믿을 쒋은 μ΄μœ κ°€ μžˆλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
05:23
because they'll be trustworthy.
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그듀은 μ‹ λ’°ν• λ§Œ ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
05:26
But if, on the other hand, they're unreliable, we might not.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ, 그듀이 λ―Ώμ„μˆ˜ μ—†λ‹€λ©΄ μ‹ λ’°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ² μ£ .
05:29
I have friends who are competent and honest,
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μ €λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯있고 μ •μ§ν•œ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ΄ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
05:32
but I would not trust them to post a letter,
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그듀이 νŽΈμ§€λ₯Ό λΆ€μΉ  거라고 믿진 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
because they're forgetful.
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μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ΄ 깜빑깜빑 ν•˜κ±°λ“ μš”.
05:36
I have friends who are very confident
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또 μ–΄λ–€ 것듀을 ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³ 
05:39
they can do certain things,
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μžμ‹ κ°μ— μ°¨ μžˆλŠ” μΉœκ΅¬λ“€λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
05:41
but I realize that they overestimate their own competence.
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그듀이 슀슀둜의 λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ³ΌλŒ€ν‰κ°€ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ£ .
05:45
And I'm very glad to say, I don't think I have many friends
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그리고 또 제 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€ 쀑에
05:48
who are competent and reliable but extremely dishonest.
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λŠ₯λ ₯있고 λ―Ώμ„λ§Œ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ •μ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ μ—†μ–΄ λ‹€ν–‰μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:52
If so, I haven't yet spotted it.
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λ§Œμ•½ μžˆλ‹€ν•΄λ„ 아직 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ„€μš”.
05:56
But that's what we're looking for:
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그런데 이게 λ°”λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ°ΎλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:58
trustworthiness before trust.
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μ‹ λ’° 이전에 μ‹ λ’°μ„±.
06:00
Trust is the response.
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μ‹ λ’°λŠ” 신뒰성에 λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜μ‘μΌ 뿐이죠.
06:02
Trustworthiness is what we have to judge.
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신뒰성은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νŒλ‹¨ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
And, of course, it's difficult.
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λ¬Όλ‘  이건 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
Across the last few decades, we've tried to construct
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μ§€λ‚œ μˆ˜μ‹­λ…„κ°„, μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
06:09
systems of accountability for all sorts of institutions
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책무성을 νŒλ‹¨ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μŒ“κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
and professionals and officials and so on
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λͺ¨λ“  μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ κΈ°κ΄€, μ „λ¬Έκ°€, 곡무원에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
06:15
that will make it easier for us to judge their trustworthiness.
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이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 신뒰성을 νŒλ‹¨ν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움이 λ˜λ„λ‘ 말이죠.
06:19
A lot of these systems have the converse effect.
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그런데 이런 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œλ“€μ΄ μ—­νš¨κ³Όλ₯Ό λ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
They don't work as they're supposed to.
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μ˜λ„ν•œ λŒ€λ‘œ κΈ°λŠ₯을 λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
06:24
I remember I was talking with a midwife who said,
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ν•œ μ‚°νŒŒκ°€ μ €μ—κ²Œ 이런 말을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
"Well, you see, the problem is it takes longer
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"λ¬Έμ œλŠ” λ­λƒν•˜λ©΄, μ•„κΈ°λ₯Ό λ‚³λŠ” 일을 λ•λŠ” 것보닀
06:31
to do the paperwork than to deliver the baby."
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κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ„œλ₯˜ μž‘μ—…μ„ ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 더 κ±Έλ¦°λ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ "
06:35
And all over our public life, our institutional life,
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곡적 ν™œλ™μ΄λ‚˜ 단체 μƒν™œμ—μ„œ
06:38
we find that problem,
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우린 이런 λ¬Έμ œμ— μ§λ©΄ν•˜μ£ .
06:40
that the system of accountability
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μ±…μž„μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€
06:43
that is meant to secure trustworthiness
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신뒰성을 높이기 μœ„ν•΄ μ˜λ„λœ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
06:45
and evidence of trustworthiness
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신뒰성에 λŒ€ν•œ μ¦κ±°λŠ”
06:48
is actually doing the opposite.
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였히렀 κ·Έ λ°˜λŒ€λ₯Ό 가리킀고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
It is distracting people who have to do difficult tasks,
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μ‚°νŒŒμ²˜λŸΌ μ–΄λ €μš΄ 일을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
06:54
like midwives, from doing them
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 일을 μž”λœ© ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ„œ
06:57
by requiring them to tick the boxes, as we say.
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본업에 집쀑을 λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
07:00
You can all give your own examples there.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺ¨λ‘ 이런 κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
So so much for the aim.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ κ³ΌλŒ€ ν‰κ°€λλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:04
The aim, I think, is more trustworthiness,
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제 생각에 λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” 더 높은 신뒰성이 λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:07
and that is going to be different
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 신뒰성을 높이고 μ‹ΆμœΌλ©΄
07:09
if we are trying to be trustworthy
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μ’€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ ‘κ·Όν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
and communicate our trustworthiness to other people,
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우리의 신뒰성에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό λŒ€ν™”ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:14
and if we are trying to judge whether other people
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ λ˜λŠ” κ³΅λ¬΄μ›μ΄λ‚˜
07:17
or office-holders or politicians are trustworthy.
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μ •μΉ˜μΈλ“€μ˜ 신뒰성을 νŒλ‹¨ν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
It's not easy. It is judgment, and simple reaction,
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이건 쉽지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. νŒλ‹¨κ³Ό λ‹¨μˆœν•œ λ°˜μ‘,
07:25
attitudes, don't do adequately here.
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νƒœλ„μ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν‰λ²”ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
Now thirdly, the task.
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μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έ, κ³Όμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기 ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
Calling the task rebuilding trust, I think,
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μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μŒ“λŠ” 과제 λ˜ν•œ 제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ”
07:37
also gets things backwards.
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거꾸둜 κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
It suggests that you and I should rebuild trust.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό μ œκ°€ μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό μž¬κ΅¬μΆ•ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λŠ” κ±΄λ°μš”.
07:43
Well, we can do that for ourselves.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 슀슀둜 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
We can rebuild a bit of trustworthiness.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 신뒰성을 μ‘°κΈˆμ”© λ‹€μ‹œ μŒ“μ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:48
We can do it two people together trying to improve trust.
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두 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό 높이기 μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
But trust, in the end, is distinctive
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그런데 μ‹ λ’°λΌλŠ” 것은 κ²°κ΅­
07:55
because it's given by other people.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— μ˜ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 점이 λ…νŠΉν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
You can't rebuild what other people give you.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ£ΌλŠ” 것이지 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μŒ“μ„ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
08:01
You have to give them the basis
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ―Ώμ„λ§Œν•œ
08:04
for giving you their trust.
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이유λ₯Ό 쀄 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
So you have to, I think, be trustworthy.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ―Ώμ„λ§Œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ˜μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
08:10
And that, of course, is because you can't fool
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 항상 μ†μΈλ‹€λŠ” 건
08:12
all of the people all of the time, usually.
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λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:16
But you also have to provide usable evidence
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ―Ώμ„λ§Œ ν•˜λ‹€λŠ”
08:21
that you are trustworthy.
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μ“Έλ§Œν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:22
How to do it?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λƒκ΅¬μš”?
08:24
Well every day, all over the place, it's being done
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맀일, μ–΄λŠ κ³³μ—μ„œλ‚˜,
08:27
by ordinary people, by officials, by institutions,
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μΌλ°˜μΈλ“€, 곡무원듀, 기관듀이 ν•˜κ³  있죠.
08:30
quite effectively.
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μ•„μ£Ό νš¨κ³Όμ μœΌλ‘œμš”.
08:32
Let me give you a simple commercial example.
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μ•„μ£Ό κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
The shop where I buy my socks says I may take them back,
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μ œκ°€ 양말을 μ‚¬λŠ” κ°€κ²ŒλŠ” 양말을 ν™˜λΆˆν•  λ•Œ
08:39
and they don't ask any questions.
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아무 것도 묻지 μ•Šκ² λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
They take them back and give me the money
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그듀은 μ œκ°€ 양말을 κ°€μ Έκ°€λ©΄
08:43
or give me the pair of socks of the color I wanted.
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λˆμ„ λŒλ €μ£Όκ±°λ‚˜ μ›ν•˜λŠ” μƒ‰μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΏ”μ£Όμ£ .
08:46
That's super. I trust them
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μ—„μ²­λ‚˜μ£ . μ €λŠ” κ·Έ κ°€κ²Œκ°€
08:48
because they have made themselves vulnerable to me.
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μ €μ—κ²Œ μ•½ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:51
I think there's a big lesson in that.
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여기에 큰 κ΅ν›ˆμ΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
If you make yourself vulnerable to the other party,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 슀슀둜λ₯Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ μ·¨μ•½ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄
08:56
then that is very good evidence that you are trustworthy
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ―Ώμ„λ§Œν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 쒋은 증거가 λ˜λŠ”κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
and you have confidence in what you are saying.
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그리고 슀슀둜 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μžμ‹ κ°μ„ κ°€μ§ˆ 수 있죠.
09:03
So in the end, I think what we are aiming for
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ²°κ΅­μ—”, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 것을
09:06
is not very difficult to discern.
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μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ¦¬λŠ”κΈ° κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ–΄λ ΅μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:09
It is relationships in which people are trustworthy
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ―Ώμ„λ§Œν•œμ§€,
09:13
and can judge when and how the other person
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μ–Έμ œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 믿을 κ²ƒμΈμ§€λŠ”
09:17
is trustworthy.
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κ΄€κ³„μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
So the moral of all this is,
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κ²°κ΅­ 이 λͺ¨λ“  κ²ƒμ˜ μœ€λ¦¬λŠ”
09:22
we need to think much less about trust,
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신뒰에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 덜 생각해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
let alone about attitudes of trust
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μ—¬λ‘  쑰사에 μ˜ν•΄ μ‘°μ‚¬λœ, λ˜λŠ” 잘λͺ» μ‘°μ‚¬λœ
09:29
detected or mis-detected by opinion polls,
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μ‹ λ’°μ˜ νƒœλ„μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„μš”.
09:33
much more about being trustworthy,
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그리고 신뒰성에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ”μš± 많이 생각해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:35
and how you give people adequate, useful
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ νƒ€μΈμ—κ²Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 신뒰성을 μž…μ¦ν• λ§Œν•œ
09:39
and simple evidence that you're trustworthy.
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μ μ •ν•˜κ³  μœ μš©ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ œκ³΅ν• μ§€λ„ 말이죠.
09:42
Thanks.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:43
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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