Where good ideas come from | Steven Johnson

1,636,799 views ใƒป 2010-09-21

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Tae-Hoon Chung ๊ฒ€ํ† : J J LEE
00:15
Fifty-two minutes ago, I took this picture about 10 blocks from here.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 10๋ธ”๋ก ์ •๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ์ „์— ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
This is the Grand Cafรฉ here in Oxford.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋žœ๋“œ ์นดํŽ˜'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
I took this picture
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด๊ณณ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
00:24
because this turns out to be the first coffeehouse to open in England,
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1650๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฐ
์ปคํ”ผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
in 1650.
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00:30
That's its great claim to fame.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
And I wanted to show it to you,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ณณ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:34
not because I want to give you the Starbucks tour
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์Šคํƒ€๋ฒ…์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ์ปคํ”ผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์„
00:36
of historic England --
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์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:37
(Laughter)
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ปคํ”ผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ด
00:39
but rather because the English coffeehouse was crucial
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ณ„๋ชฝ์ฃผ์˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”
00:42
to the development and spread of one of the great intellectual flowerings
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์ง€๋‚œ 500๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ
์ง€์  ๊ฐœํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ
00:47
of the last 500 years,
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์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
what we now call the Enlightenment.
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00:51
And the coffeehouse played such a big role in the birth of the Enlightenment
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์ปคํ”ผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ด ๊ณ„๋ชฝ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํƒœ๋™์—
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ผ์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
00:55
in part because of what people were drinking there.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์…จ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ปคํ”ผ๋‚˜ ํ™์ฐจ๊ฐ€
00:58
Because, before the spread of coffee and tea through British culture,
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์˜๊ตญ๋ฌธํ™”๋กœ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”
01:03
what people drank -- both elite and mass folks drank --
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์ง€์‹์ธ์ด๊ฑด ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋†๋ถ€๊ฑด ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด ๋‹ค๋“ค
01:06
day in and day out, from dawn until dusk,
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๋‚ ์ด๋ฉด ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค, ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ €๋…๊นŒ์ง€
01:08
was alcohol.
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์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์…”๋Œ”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
Alcohol was the daytime beverage of choice.
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์ˆ ์€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„์— ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ์Œ๋ฃŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
You would drink a little beer with breakfast
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์•„์นจ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋งฅ์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ, ์ ์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ์™€์ธ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„,
01:14
and have a little wine at lunch,
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01:15
a little gin, particularly around 1650,
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ํŠนํžˆ 1650๋…„ ๊ฒฝ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง„๋„ ๊ณ๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
01:18
and top it off with a little beer and wine at the end of the day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งฅ์ฃผ์™€ ์™€์ธ์„ ๋”ํ•˜์ฃ .
๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋ฌผ์€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:21
That was the healthy choice, because the water wasn't safe to drink.
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์ˆ ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ณ์€ ์„ ํƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
And so, effectively, until the rise of the coffeehouse,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ปคํ”ผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ด ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
01:27
you had an entire population that was effectively drunk all day.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ
์ˆ ์— ์ทจํ•ด์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
(Laughter)
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01:32
And you can imagine what that would be like in your own life --
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์–ด๋• ์„์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
๋ญ ๋”๋Ÿฌ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
01:35
and I know this is true of some of you -- if you were drinking all day --
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๋งŒ์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜จ์ข…์ผ ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:38
(Laughter)
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01:39
and then you switched from a depressant to a stimulant in your life.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋ฅผ ํฅ๋ถ„์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
01:43
You would have better ideas.
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01:44
You would be sharper and more alert.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ข€ ๋” ์˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ฏผํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
So it's not an accident that a great flowering of innovation happened
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์˜๊ตญ์ด ํ™์ฐจ๋‚˜ ์ปคํ”ผ๊ฐ™์€ ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉด์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๊ฝƒ์„ ํ”ผ์› ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ์—ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
as England switched to tea and coffee.
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01:52
But the other thing that makes the coffeehouse important
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ปคํ”ผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:55
is the architecture of the space.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์–‘์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
It was a space where people would get together,
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๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธ๋ถ„์•ผ๋„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
01:59
from different backgrounds, different fields of expertise,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์—ฌ
๋‚˜๋ˆ”์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
and share.
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02:03
It was a space, as Matt Ridley talked about, where ideas could have sex.
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๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋งท ๋ฆฌ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์„ž์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์นจ๋Œ€์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
This was their conjugal bed, in a sense; ideas would get together there.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์ด์ฃ .
02:10
And an astonishing number of innovations from this period
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—ฐ ์ค‘,
02:13
have a coffeehouse somewhere in their story.
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์ปคํ”ผ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—๋Š” ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์˜ค ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ, ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ปคํ”ผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
02:17
I've been spending a lot of time thinking about coffeehouses
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02:19
for the last five years
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ• ์• ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
because I've been kind of on this quest
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋””์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”์ง€
๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„
02:24
to investigate this question of where good ideas come from.
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์ฐพ์•„ ๋‹ค๋…”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
What are the environments that lead to unusual levels of innovation,
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๋น„๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ˜์‹ ,
๋น„๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„
์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:33
unusual levels of creativity?
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02:35
What's the kind of environmental -- what is the space of creativity?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:39
And what I've done is,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”
02:41
I've looked at both environments like the coffeehouse,
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์ปคํ”ผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
์›”๋“œ ์™€์ด๋“œ ์›น๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ
02:44
I've looked at media environments like the World Wide Web,
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์ •๋ณด์ „๋‹ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
02:46
that have been extraordinarily innovative;
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์ตœ์ดˆ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
I've gone back to the history of the first cities;
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋‚˜ ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
02:51
I've even gone to biological environments, like coral reefs and rain forests,
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํ˜์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋„ ํ›‘์–ด๋ณด์•˜์ฃ .
02:55
that involve unusual levels of biological innovation.
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02:57
And what I've been looking for is shared patterns,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณตํ†ต์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
signature behavior that shows up again and again
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์ด๋“ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”
ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ํ‘œ์‹๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
in all of these environments.
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03:05
Are there recurring patterns that we can learn from,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—
03:08
that we can take and apply to our own lives
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๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:10
or our own organizations or our own environments
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:13
to make them more creative and innovative?
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
And I think I've found a few.
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03:16
But what you have to do to make sense of this
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค ์›์น™์„ ์•Œ๊ณ 
03:19
and to really understand these principles is,
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
03:21
you have to do away with
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ
03:23
the way in which our conventional metaphors and language steers us
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๋น„์œ ๋‚˜ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ์ž…๊ฒฌ์„
03:27
towards certain concepts of idea creation.
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๊ณผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
We have this very rich vocabulary to describe moments of inspiration.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ง์—๋Š” ์˜๊ฐ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„
๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜๊ฐ์ด ์„ฌ๊ด‘์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:35
We have the "flash" of insight,
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03:37
the "stroke" of insight,
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ํ•œ ์ค„๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜๊ฐ,
03:39
we have "epiphanies,"
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๊ณ„์‹œ์™€๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, "์œ ๋ ˆ์นด!"์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
03:40
we have eureka moments,
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03:42
we have the "light bulb" moments, right?
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์ „๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฒˆ๋œฉ์ด๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ™์ด, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฐ€์š”?
03:44
All of these concepts, as rhetorically florid as they are,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ๋…์€
๋ง ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ๋งŒํผ
03:49
share this basic assumption,
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:51
which is that an idea is a single thing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๊ฐ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ผ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
03:54
It's something that happens often in a wonderful, illuminating moment.
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์ข…์ข… ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์ง€๋Š”
์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
But, in fact, what I would argue and what you really need to begin with
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทผ์›์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ
04:03
is this idea that an idea is a network on the most elemental level.
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๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
I mean, this is what is happening inside your brain.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋‘๋‡Œ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
An idea -- a new idea -- is a new network of neurons
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ ์•ˆ์—์„œ
04:12
firing in sync with each other inside your brain.
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์„œ๋กœ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋‚ด๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
It's a new configuration that has never formed before.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ค์ •์ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
And the question is: How do you get your brain into environments
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€
04:21
where these new networks are going to be more likely to form?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
And it turns out that, in fact, the network patterns of the outside world
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋‡Œ์˜
๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด
04:28
mimic a lot of the network patterns of the internal world of a human brain.
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๋‹ฎ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
So the metaphor I'd like to use,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” 1650๋…„๋Œ€๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ทผ๋ž˜์—
04:35
I can take from a story of a great idea that's quite recent --
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์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
04:39
a lot more recent than the 1650s.
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๊ทธ ์€์œ ๋ฅผ ๋„์ง‘์–ด๋‚ด๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
A wonderful guy named Timothy Prestero
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ํ‹ฐ๋ชจ์‹œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š”
04:45
has an organization called Design That Matters.
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"๋””์ž์ธ ๋Œ“ ๋งคํ„ฐ์Šค"๋ผ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ ํ˜น์€ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
They decided to tackle this really pressing problem
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
04:52
of the terrible problems we have with infant mortality rates
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์˜์œ ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—
04:55
in the developing world.
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๋„์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
One of the things that's very frustrating about this
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํฐ ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:00
is that we know by getting modern neonatal incubators into any context,
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์ธํ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ
์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋“  ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•ด์„œ
05:05
if we can keep premature babies warm, basically -- it's very simple --
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉด, ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์ฃ .
05:08
we can halve infant mortality rates in those environments.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์˜์œ ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
So the technology is there.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
These are standard in all the industrialized worlds.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
The problem is, if you buy a $40,000 incubator,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด 4๋งŒ๋ถˆ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ธํ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์„œ
05:19
and you send it off to a midsized village in Africa,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์žˆ๋Š”
์ค‘์†Œ๋„์‹œ์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๋”๋ผ๋„,
05:23
it will work great for a year or two years,
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์ผ, ์ด ๋…„ ๊ฐ„์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋‹ค๊ฐ€
05:25
and then something will go wrong and it will break,
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์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋ผ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ 4๋งŒ๋ถˆ์งœ๋ฆฌ
05:28
and it will remain broken forever,
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์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
05:30
because you don't have a whole system of spare parts,
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์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์„ ๋ฟ๋”๋Ÿฌ
05:33
and you don't have the on-the-ground expertise
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ํ˜„์ง€์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ์ผ์ฒœํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:35
to fix this $40,000 piece of equipment.
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๊ทธ์ € ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚œ ์ฑ„๋กœ ์˜์›ํžˆ ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
So you end up having this problem where you spend all this money
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋“ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์›์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ ์ง„์˜ ์ „์ž์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ
์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š๋ผ ๋ˆ์€ ๋ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ—›์ˆ˜๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”
05:40
getting aid and all these advanced electronics to these countries,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ท€๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
and it ends up being useless.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์™€ ๊ทธ ํŒ€์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜
05:45
So what Prestero and his team decided to do
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์‚ฌ์ • ํ•˜์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ž์›์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
05:47
was to look around and see: What are the abundant resources
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์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
in these developing world contexts?
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05:51
And what they noticed was,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋…นํ™”๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
05:53
they don't have a lot of DVRs, they don't have a lot of microwaves,
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์ „์ž ๋ ˆ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„
05:56
but they seem to do a pretty good job of keeping their cars on the road.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ž˜ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
There's a Toyota 4Runner on the street in all these places.
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์–ด๋”œ ๊ฐ€๊ฑด ๊ธธ์— ํ† ์š”ํƒ€์˜
ํฌ์–ด๋Ÿฌ๋„ˆ๋Š” ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:03
They seem to have the expertise to keep cars working.
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
So they started to think,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
06:07
"Could we build a neonatal incubator
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"์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์ธํ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋กœ์ง€
06:10
that's built entirely out of automobile parts?"
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ?"
06:13
And this is what they came up with.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
It's called the NeoNurture device.
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์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ๋ณด์œก๊ธฐ๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
From the outside, it looks like a normal little thing
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๊ฒ‰์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์„œ์–‘์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:19
you'd find in a modern Western hospital.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ž‘์€ ์ธํ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ฃ .
์•ˆ์ชฝ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
In the inside, it's all car parts.
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06:23
It's got a fan, it's got headlights for warmth,
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ํŒฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค„ ์ „์กฐ๋“ฑ๋„ ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”
์•Œ๋žŒ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์—ด๋ฆผ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์Œ๋„ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
it's got door chimes for alarm,
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06:27
it runs off a car battery.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
And so all you need is the spare parts from your Toyota
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ† ์š”ํƒ€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—
์ „์กฐ๋“ฑ ์†๋ณผ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
06:32
and the ability to fix a headlight,
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ง๊ฐ€์ ธ๋„ ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
and you can repair this thing.
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06:35
Now that's a great idea,
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
06:36
but I'd like to say that, in fact,
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06:38
this is a great metaphor for the way ideas happen.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์€์œ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
We like to think our breakthrough ideas, you know,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด 4๋งŒ๋ถˆ์งœ๋ฆฌ
์ƒˆ ์ธํ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ 
06:43
are like that $40,000, brand-new incubator,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
state-of-the-art technology.
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06:46
But more often than not, they're cobbled together
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋˜
06:48
from whatever parts that happen to be around nearby.
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๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
We take ideas from other people,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ์ปคํ”ผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:53
people we've learned from, people we run into in the coffee shop,
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ•œ๋ฐ ์—ฎ์–ด์„œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
and we stitch them together into new forms and we create something new.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
That's really where innovation happens.
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07:01
And that means we have to change some of our models
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ๊นŠ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
07:03
of what innovation and deep thinking really looks like, right?
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๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
I mean, this is one vision of it.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
Another is Newton and the apple, when Newton was at Cambridge.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์€ ๋‰ดํŠผ์ด ์บ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ "๋‰ดํŠผ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ"๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:11
This is a statue from Oxford.
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์ด๊ฑด ์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
07:13
You know, you're sitting there, thinking a deep thought,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ๊นŠ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ž ๊ฒจ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
์‚ฌ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ค‘๋ ฅ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
the apple falls from the tree, and you have the theory of gravity.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€
07:19
In fact, the spaces that have historically led to innovation tend to look like this.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
This is Hogarth's famous painting of a kind of political dinner at a tavern,
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์ด๊ฑด ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ, ์„ ์ˆ ์ง‘ ์ €๋… ์‹ํƒ์—์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ •์น˜ํ† ๋ก ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ˆ ์ปคํ”ผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ๋„ ์ด๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
but this is what the coffee shops looked like back then.
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07:29
This is the kind of chaotic environment where ideas were likely to come together,
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€๊ณ 
์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
07:33
where people were likely to have new, interesting, unpredictable collisions,
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์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด
์˜๊ฒฌ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด์ฃ .
07:37
people from different backgrounds.
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07:38
So if we're trying to build organizations that are more innovative,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ข€ ๋” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
we have to build spaces that, strangely enough, look a bit more like this.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์ด ์ด๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
07:45
This is what your office should look like, it's part of my message here.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
07:49
And one of the problems with this is that, when you research this field,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
07:52
people are notoriously unreliable
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์–ด๋””์„œ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š”
07:54
when they actually self-report on where they have their own good ideas,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
์ž๊ธฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ๋†“์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
07:58
or their history of their best ideas.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋ฏฟ์„ ๊ฒŒ ๋ชป๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
And a few years ago, a wonderful researcher named Kevin Dunbar
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์— ์ผ€๋นˆ ๋˜๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€
๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ
08:04
decided to go around and basically do the Big Brother approach
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น… ๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋”(์กฐ์ง€ ์˜ค์›ฐ ์†Œ์„ค์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฐ์‹œ์ž)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
08:07
to figuring out where good ideas come from.
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์–ด๋””์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
He went to a bunch of science labs around the world
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์— ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€
08:12
and videotaped everyone as they were doing every little bit of their job:
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊นŒ์ง€
๋‹ค ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํ…Œ์ดํ”„์— ๋‹ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
when they were sitting in front of the microscope,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์•ž์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:18
when they were talking to colleagues at the watercooler ...
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์Œ๋ฃŒ๋Œ€ ์˜†์—์„œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ญ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€ํ™”๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค ๋…น์Œํ•˜๊ณ ์„œ
08:21
And he recorded all these conversations
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”์ง€
08:23
and tried to figure out where the most important ideas happened.
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์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
And when we think about the classic image of the scientist in the lab,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š”
08:29
we have this image -- you know, they're poring over the microscope,
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๋ญ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋น ์ ธ
08:32
and they see something in the tissue sample,
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์กฐ์ง ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:34
and -- "Eureka!" -- they've got the idea.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "์˜ค, ์œ ๋ ˆ์นด!" ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
What happened, actually, when Dunbar looked at the tape,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋˜๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ํ…Œ์ดํ”„์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๋ฐ”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
08:40
is that, in fact, almost all of the important breakthrough ideas
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
08:43
did not happen alone in the lab, in front of the microscope.
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ํ˜ผ์ž ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์•ž์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
They happened at the conference table at the weekly lab meeting,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์ฃผ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ
์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„
08:50
when everybody got together and shared their latest data and findings,
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ† ์˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ ํ˜น์€
08:53
oftentimes when people shared the mistakes they were having,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์žก์Œ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ๋•Œ
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ํšŒ์˜์‹ค์˜ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
the error, the noise in the signal they were discovering.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ "์œ ๋™์ ์ธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ"๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ
08:59
And something about that environment --
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09:01
and I've started calling it the "liquid network,"
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
09:03
where you have lots of different ideas that are together,
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๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
09:06
different backgrounds, different interests,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
09:08
jostling with each other, bouncing off each other --
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์„œ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠ•๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š”
09:11
that environment is, in fact, the environment that leads to innovation.
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ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
The other problem that people have is,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น๋ฉดํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
09:16
they like to condense their stories of innovation
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ํ˜์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์—ฐ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ‹€์— ๋„ฃ์–ด
09:18
down to shorter time frames.
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์••์ถ•ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
So they want to tell the story of the eureka moment.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ "์œ ๋ ˆ์นด!"์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:23
They want to say, "There I was, I was standing there,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ €๊ธฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด. ์ €๊ธฐ ์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:25
and I had it all, suddenly, clear in my head."
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง‘์•„์ง€๋”๋‹ˆ ํ’€๋ฆฌ๋”๋ผ๊ณ ."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
But, in fact, if you go back and look at the historical record,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋ก์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
09:30
it turns out that a lot of important ideas have very long incubation periods.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋žœ ๋™์•ˆ์˜
์ž ๋ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
I call this the "slow hunch."
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "๋Š๋ฆฐ ์ง๊ฐ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
We've heard a lot recently about hunch and instinct
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ง๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋˜๊ฐ€ ์œก๊ฐ,
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ ๊นœ์งํ•  ์‚ฌ์ด ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜
09:42
and blink-like sudden moments of clarity,
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๋”ฐ์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
09:46
but, in fact, a lot of great ideas linger on, sometimes for decades,
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๊ฐ€๋”์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๊ฐ„
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์†์„ ๋งด๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
in the back of people's minds.
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09:51
They have a feeling that there's an interesting problem,
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€๋งŒ
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋‚ผ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์•„์ง ์ฐพ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
but they don't quite have the tools yet to discover them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์”จ๋ฆ„์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:57
They spend all this time working on certain problems,
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09:59
but there's another thing lingering there that they're interested in,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
๋จธ๋ฆฌ์†์„ ๋งด๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ’€์–ด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ฃ .
10:02
but can't quite solve.
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๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
Darwin is a great example of this.
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10:05
Darwin himself, in his autobiography,
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๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ์ž์„œ์ „์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘
10:07
tells the story of coming up with the idea for natural selection
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์ž์—ฐ ์„ ํƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์—
๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ณผ์ •์„
10:11
as a classic eureka moment.
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๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ "์œ ๋ ˆ์นด!"์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:13
He's in his study, it's October of 1838,
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1838๋…„ 10์›”
๊ทธ์˜ ์ง‘ ์„œ์žฌ์—์„œ
10:17
and he's reading Malthus, actually, on population.
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๋งฌ์„œ์Šค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ก ์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
And all of a sudden,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ
10:21
the basic algorithm of natural selection kind of pops into his head,
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์ž์—ฐ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์–ผ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์†์— ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž๋Š”๋ฐ
10:24
and he says, "Ah, at last, I had a theory with which to work."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” "์•„, ๋“œ๋””์–ด ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
That's in his autobiography.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์„œ์ „์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
About a decade or two ago,
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ํ•œ ์‹ญ ๋…„, ์ด์‹ญ ๋…„ ์ฏค ์ „์—
10:30
a wonderful scholar named Howard Gruber
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ํ•˜์›Œ๋“œ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋ฒ„๋ผ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€
10:32
went back and looked at Darwin's notebooks from this period.
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋‹ค์œˆ์˜ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
Darwin kept these copious notebooks,
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๋‹ค์œˆ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง๊ฐ๋งˆ์ €๋„
10:38
where he wrote down every little idea he had, every little hunch.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋…ธํŠธ์— ๊ผฌ๋ฐ•๊ผฌ๋ฐ• ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ด ๋’€์ฃ .
10:41
And what Gruber found was that Darwin had the full theory of natural selection
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
๋‹ค์œˆ์€ ์ž์—ฐ ์„ ํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ์ด๋ก ์„
10:46
for months and months and months
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ 1838๋…„ 10์›” ๋งฌ์„œ์Šค์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:48
before he had his alleged epiphany reading Malthus in October of 1838.
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๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
There are passages where you can read it,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ๋“ค์ด
10:55
and you think you're reading from a Darwin textbook,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ณ„์‹œ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ „์— ๋‚จ๊ธด
10:58
from the period before he has his epiphany.
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๋‹ค์œˆ์˜ ์ €์ž‘ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
And so what you realize is that Darwin, in a sense,
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๋ง ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ˜น์€
11:03
had the idea, he had the concept,
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๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ ๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:05
but was unable to fully think it yet.
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์•„์ง ์†์†๋“ค์ด ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
And that is, actually, how great ideas often happen --
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
they fade into view over long periods of time.
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์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:13
Now the challenge for all of us is:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋„์ „ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š”
11:15
How do you create environments
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
11:17
that allow these ideas to have this long half-life?
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์ž๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
11:19
It's hard to go to your boss and say,
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๋ฌด์ž‘์ • ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
11:21
"I have an excellent idea for our organization.
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:23
It will be useful in 2020."
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2020๋…„ ์ฏค์—๋Š” ์จ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
(Laughter)
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11:26
"Could you just give me some time to do that?"
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์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ข€ ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ž–์•„์š”.
ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š”
11:29
Now a couple of companies like Google have innovation time off, 20 percent time.
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๊ทผ๋ฌด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ 20%๋ฅผ ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
In a sense, those are hunch-cultivating mechanisms in an organization.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ์ง๊ฐ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
But that's a key thing.
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11:38
And the other thing is to allow those hunches
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ์ง๊ฐ์„
11:40
to connect with other people's hunches;
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ง๊ฐ๊ณผ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข…์ข… ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
that's what often happens.
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11:43
You have half of an idea, somebody else has the other half,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์„ค์ต์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ค์ต์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
๋‘˜์ด ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋†“์ด๋ฉด
11:46
and if you're in the right environment,
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๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ•ฉ์ณ ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฐ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
they turn into something larger than the sum of their parts.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด
11:51
So in a sense,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜
11:52
we often talk about the value of protecting intellectual property --
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๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
you know, building barricades,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:57
having secretive R and D labs, patenting everything that we have
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์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์น˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
12:00
so that those ideas will remain valuable,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‘๊ณ ์„œ
12:03
and people will be incentivized to come up with more ideas,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋„๋ก ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด
๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด ๋  ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
12:06
and the culture will be more innovative.
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12:08
But I think there's a case to be made
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋งŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:10
that we should spend at least as much time, if not more,
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ 
12:13
valuing the premise of connecting ideas
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์ƒˆ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”
12:15
and not just protecting them.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
And I'll leave you with this story,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค์ด ๋…น์•„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:19
which I think captures a lot of these values.
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๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฉฐ
12:21
It's just a wonderful tale of innovation, and how it happens in unlikely ways.
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์˜ˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๋˜
์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
It's October of 1957,
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1957๋…„ 10์›” ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
and Sputnik has just launched.
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์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ์Šคํ‘ธํŠธ๋‹ˆํฌํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋œ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜€๊ณ 
12:32
And we're in Laurel, Maryland,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฉ”๋ฆด๋žœ๋“œ ๋กœ๋ ์˜
12:34
at the Applied Physics Lab associated with Johns Hopkins University.
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์กด์Šค ํ™‰ํ‚จ์Šค ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ถ€์†
์‘์šฉ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
์›”์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ์ด์—ˆ๊ตฌ์š”
12:39
It's Monday morning,
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12:40
and the news has just broken about this satellite
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์ด ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค๊ฐ€
๋ง‰ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ฐธ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:43
that's now orbiting the planet.
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12:44
And, of course, this is nerd heaven, right?
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๋ญ ๋‹น์—ฐ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์ข‹์€ ๊ดด์งœ๋“ค์˜ ์ฒœ๊ตญ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
12:47
There are all these physics geeks who are there,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๊นจ๋‚˜ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:49
thinking, "Oh my gosh! This is incredible. I can't believe this has happened."
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"์˜ค, ์ด๋Ÿฐ! ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋„ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ตฐ."
๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด,
12:53
And two of them, two twentysomething researchers at the APL,
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์‘์šฉ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ์ผํ•˜๋Š” 20๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด
12:56
are there at the cafeteria table,
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๊ตฌ๋‚ด์‹๋‹น ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์—์„œ
12:58
having an informal conversation with a bunch of their colleagues.
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ์ €๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
13:01
And these two guys are named Guier and Weiffenbach.
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์ด ๋‘ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๊ฐ€์ด์–ด์™€ ์™€์ดํŽœ๋ฐ”ํ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
13:04
They start talking, and one of them says,
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๋‘˜์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ ,
13:05
"Hey, has anybody tried to listen for this thing?
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"๋ˆ„๊ตฌ ์ด ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์—†์–ด?
13:08
There's this, you know, man-made satellite up there in outer space
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๋„ˆํฌ๋“ค ๋‹ค ์•Œ์ž–์•„ ์ธ๊ณต ์œ„์„ฑ์ด ์ € ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ
์–ด๋–ค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ.
13:12
that's obviously broadcasting some kind of signal.
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์ž˜ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆด์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ."
13:14
We could probably hear it, if we tune in."
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13:16
So they ask around to a couple of their colleagues,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ ๋‘์—‡ํ•œํ…Œ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
๋‹ค๋“ค "์•„๋‹ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ๋„ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:19
and everybody's like, "No, I hadn't thought of doing that.
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๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๊ฒ ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
13:21
That's an interesting idea."
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์™€์ดํŽœ๋ฐ”ํ๋Š” ๊ทน์ดˆ๋‹จํŒŒ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
13:23
And it turns out Weiffenbach is kind of an expert in microwave reception,
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜€๋˜์ง€๋ผ
13:27
and he's got a little antenna set up with an amplifier in his office.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งˆํ•œ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์™€
์•ฐํ”„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
So Guier and Weiffenbach go back to Weiffenbach's office,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€์ด์–ด์™€ ์™€์ดํŽœ๋ฐ”ํ๋Š” ์™€์ดํŽœ๋ฐ”ํ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
13:33
and they start noodling around -- "hacking," as we might call it now.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ์ €๊ฒƒ ๋งŒ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์š”์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฉด ํ•ดํ‚น์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
๋‘์–ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ž ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์žกํžˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
And after a couple of hours, they start picking up the signal,
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์™œ๋ƒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์†Œ๋ จ์ด ์Šคํ‘ธํŠธ๋‹ˆํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ
13:40
because the Soviets made Sputnik very easy to track;
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์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:43
it was right at 20 MHz, so you could pick it up really easily,
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ 20๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ํ—ค๋ฅด์ฏ”์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ผ ์ •๋ง ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์žกํ˜”๋Š”๋ฐ
13:46
because they were afraid people would think it was a hoax, basically,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ๊นŒ๋ด ๋‘๋ ค์› ๋˜๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
so they made it really easy to find.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๋‘ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ์•‰์•„์„œ ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
13:51
So these guys are sitting there, listening to this signal,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์ด
13:54
and people start coming into the office and saying,
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"์™€, ์ด๊ฑฐ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๋“ค๋ ค? ์™€, ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ž–์•„."
13:56
"That's pretty cool. Can I hear?"
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13:58
And before long, they think, "Jeez, this is kind of historic.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ๊ณง ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ , "์•ผ, ์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด์•ผ.
14:01
We may be the first people in the United States listening to this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ผ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋…น์Œํ•˜์ž."
14:04
We should record it."
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14:05
So they bring in this big, clunky analog tape recorder
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ํฌ๊ณ  ํˆฌ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ๋…น์Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์™€์„œ
์ด ์‚‘ ์‚‘ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋…น์Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
14:08
and start recording these little bleep, bleeps.
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14:10
And they start writing down the date stamp, time stamps
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋…น์Œํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚‘ ์‚‘ ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์—
14:13
for each little bleep that they record.
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๋‚ ์งœ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ๋’€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
And then they start thinking,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ , "์Œ, ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋“ฃ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
14:18
"Well, gosh, we're noticing small little frequency variations here.
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์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋„ค.
14:21
We could probably calculate the speed that the satellite is traveling
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
14:26
if we do a little basic math here using the Doppler effect."
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์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์ด ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์†๋„๋ฅผ
์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ."
14:30
And they played around with it a little bit more
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ ์ข€ ๋” ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ธ ๋™๋ฃŒ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์—๊ฒŒ
14:33
and talked to a couple of their colleagues who had other specialties.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด, "์™€, ๋„ˆ๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
14:37
And they said, "You know,
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14:38
we could actually look at the slope of the Doppler effect
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๋„ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ž˜ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด
14:40
to figure out the points at which the satellite is closest to our antenna
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์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์—
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด์ง€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ
14:44
and the points at which it's furthest away.
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๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋Š”๊ฑธ.
14:46
That's pretty cool."
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์ด๊ฑฐ ์ง„์งœ ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•œ๋ฐ."
14:47
Eventually, they get permission -- this is all a little side project
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์›๋ž˜ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋˜
๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
that hadn't been officially part of their job description --
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14:53
they get permission to use the new UNIVAC computer
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ์œ ๋‹ˆ๋ฐฑ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
14:56
that takes up an entire room that they'd just gotten at the APL.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์‘์šฉ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ๊ฐ“ ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ๊ทธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฑ„์› ์ฃ .
14:59
And they run some more of the numbers,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ์ˆซ์ž ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ผ, ์‚ฌ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ
15:01
and at the end of about three or four weeks,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์–ด๋”” ์ฏค์— ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
15:03
turns out they have mapped the exact trajectory
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15:05
of this satellite around the Earth,
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ ์ž‘์€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋งŒ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ์„œ
15:07
just from listening to this one little signal,
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ถค์ ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
15:09
going off on this little side hunch that they'd been inspired to do
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์•„์นจ ์ ์‹ฌ ๋จน๋‹ค ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ
15:12
over lunch one morning.
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์กฐ๊ทธ๋งˆํ•œ ์˜๊ฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
15:15
A couple weeks later, their boss, Frank McClure,
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๋‘์–ด ์ฃผ ์ •๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์ธ ํ”„๋žญํฌ ๋งฅํด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€
15:18
pulls them into the room and says,
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๋‘˜์„ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์— ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์ด
15:20
"Hey, you guys, I have to ask you something
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"์ด๋ด, ์ž๋„ค๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
15:22
about that project you were working on.
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์ž๋„ค๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ญ ์ข€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์•ผ.
15:24
You've figured out an unknown location
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์ž๋„ค๋“ค์ด ์ง€์ƒ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ง€์ ์—์„œ
์ง€๊ตฌ ์œ„ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ๋„๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์˜
15:27
of a satellite orbiting the planet from a known location on the ground.
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์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์ž–์•„.
๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
15:32
Could you go the other way?
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15:33
Could you figure out an unknown location on the ground
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
์ง€์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?"
15:36
if you knew the location of the satellite?"
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15:38
And they thought about it and they said,
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๊ทธ ๋‘˜์ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š”
15:40
"Well, I guess maybe you could. Let's run the numbers here."
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"์Œ, ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”. ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ตฌ์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
15:43
So they went back and thought about it
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
15:45
and came back and said, "Actually, it'll be easier."
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ "์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋” ์‰ฌ์šธ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ™์•„์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์†Œ์žฅ์ด "์˜ค, ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ž˜ ๋๋„ค.
15:48
And he said, "Oh, that's great,
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15:49
because, see, I have these new nuclear submarines"
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
15:52
(Laughter)
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ํ•ต ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•จ์ด ์ข€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ .
15:53
"that I'm building.
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15:54
And it's really hard to figure out how to get your missile
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ด๋†ˆ์˜ ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•จ์ด ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋ฉด
15:57
so that it will land right on top of Moscow
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ์ด ๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ” ์œ„์— ๋”ฑ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋„๋ก
15:59
if you don't know where the submarine is in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๋„ ์•Œ ์žฌ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๋”๋ผ๊ณ .
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ฌด๋”๊ธฐ๋กœ ์˜์•„ ๋†“๊ณ 
16:03
So we're thinking we could throw up a bunch of satellites
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16:05
and use it to track our submarines
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์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•จ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•ด
16:08
and figure out their location in the middle of the ocean.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์ž ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€๋‹ค๋„ค.
์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ๋‚˜?"
16:11
Could you work on that problem?"
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16:12
And that's how GPS was born.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ GPS๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30๋…„ ํ›„์—
16:16
Thirty years later,
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16:17
Ronald Reagan, actually, opened it up and made it an open platform
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๋กœ๋„๋“œ ๋ ˆ์ด๊ฑด ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์œผ๋กœ
16:20
that anybody could build upon,
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ
16:22
and anybody could come along and build new technology
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
that would create and innovate on top of this open platform,
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์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
left it open for anyone to do pretty much anything they wanted with it.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ฑด
ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•ด ๋‘” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
And now, I guarantee you, certainly half of this room, if not more,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์€
์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ– ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ต์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
16:38
has a device sitting in their pocket right now
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์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์•ˆ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
that is talking to one of these satellites in outer space.
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๋˜ ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ ์–ด๋„ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์€
16:43
And I bet you one of you, if not more,
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16:45
has used said device and said satellite system
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์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ๊ทธ ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
16:48
to locate a nearby coffeehouse somewhere in the last --
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๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ์ปคํ”ผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฐพ์œผ์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:52
(Laughter)
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16:53
in the last day or last week, right?
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์–ด์ œ๋“  ์ง€๋‚˜์ฃผ์—๋“ ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
16:56
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„
17:00
And that, I think,
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17:01
is a great case study, a great lesson
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๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
17:04
in the power -- the marvelous, unplanned, emergent, unpredictable power --
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ํž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ, ๋†€๋ž๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€์ฑ„
๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
17:09
of open innovative systems.
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด์ž ๊ตํ›ˆ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:11
When you build them right,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
17:12
they will be led to completely new directions
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๊ฟˆ ๊พผ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋„๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:14
the creators never even dreamed of.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ œ ๋ง์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ
17:16
I mean, here you have these guys
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17:17
who basically thought they were just following this hunch,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ง๊ฐ ํ˜น์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ์—ด์ •์„
๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด
17:20
this little passion that had developed,
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๋‚˜์ค‘์—๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์ „์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
17:22
then they thought they were fighting the Cold War,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ดค๋”๋‹ˆ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
17:24
and then, it turns out, they're just helping somebody find a soy latte.
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๋ผํ…Œ ํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋•๊ณ  ์žˆ์ž–์•„์š”.
(์›ƒ์Œ)
17:28
(Laughter)
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17:29
That is how innovation happens.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
Chance favors the connected mind.
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๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:35
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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