Mental Health for All by Involving All | Vikram Patel | TED Talks

304,520 views ใƒป 2012-09-11

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Orr Schlesinger ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
I want you to imagine this for a moment.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืœืจื’ืข ืืช ื–ื”:
00:18
Two men, Rahul and Rajiv,
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ืฉื ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ืจื”ื•ืœ ื•ืจื’'ื™ื‘,
00:21
living in the same neighborhood,
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ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”,
00:23
from the same educational background, similar occupation,
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ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื”, ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื“ื•ืžื”,
00:26
and they both turn up at their local accident emergency
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ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ
00:29
complaining of acute chest pain.
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ื•ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื‘ื—ื–ื”.
00:32
Rahul is offered a cardiac procedure,
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ืœืจื”ื•ืœ ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื ื•ื”ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื‘,
00:35
but Rajiv is sent home.
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ืืš ืืช ืจื’'ื™ื‘ ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
00:38
What might explain the difference in the experience
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ืžื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”
00:40
of these two nearly identical men?
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ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืžืขื˜-ื–ื”ื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
00:43
Rajiv suffers from a mental illness.
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ืจื’'ื™ื‘ ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžืžื—ืœืช ื ืคืฉ.
00:47
The difference in the quality of medical care
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ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™
00:50
received by people with mental illness is one of the reasons
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ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™-ื ืคืฉ ื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช
00:53
why they live shorter lives
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ืœื›ืš ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:55
than people without mental illness.
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ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืœืœื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ.
00:56
Even in the best-resourced countries in the world,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
00:59
this life expectancy gap is as much as 20 years.
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ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื 20 ืฉื ื”.
01:04
In the developing countries of the world, this gap
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ื–ื”
01:06
is even larger.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:08
But of course, mental illnesses can kill in more direct ways
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ืืš ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื’ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:11
as well. The most obvious example is suicide.
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ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช.
01:14
It might surprise some of you here, as it did me,
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ื—ืœืงื›ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืคืชืขื•, ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
01:17
when I discovered that suicide is at the top of the list
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ื›ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”
01:20
of the leading causes of death in young people
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ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
01:23
in all countries in the world,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
01:24
including the poorest countries of the world.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:28
But beyond the impact of a health condition
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ืืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™
01:30
on life expectancy, we're also concerned
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ืขืœ ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืื•ืชื ื•
01:33
about the quality of life lived.
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ื’ื ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:36
Now, in order for us to examine the overall impact
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช
01:38
of a health condition both on life expectancy
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
01:40
as well as on the quality of life lived, we need to use
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
01:43
a metric called the DALY,
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ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ืฉื—ืž"ืŸ,
01:45
which stands for a Disability-Adjusted Life Year.
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ืื• ืฉื ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžืช-ื ื›ื•ืช.
01:49
Now when we do that, we discover some startling things
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช, ืื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœื™ื
01:52
about mental illness from a global perspective.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
01:54
We discover that, for example, mental illnesses are
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ืื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ
01:58
amongst the leading causes of disability around the world.
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ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœื ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:02
Depression, for example, is the third-leading cause
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ื“ื›ืื•ืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžืขืœื”
02:05
of disability, alongside conditions such as
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ืœื ื›ื•ืช, ืœืฆื“ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื•
02:08
diarrhea and pneumonia in children.
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ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ ื•ื“ืœืงืช-ืจื™ืื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
02:11
When you put all the mental illnesses together,
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ื›ืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื™ื—ื“
02:13
they account for roughly 15 percent
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ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœ-15 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
02:16
of the total global burden of disease.
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ืžืกืš-ื›ืœ ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
02:19
Indeed, mental illnesses are also very damaging
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืžืื“
02:23
to people's lives, but beyond just the burden of disease,
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ืืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื˜ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
02:29
let us consider the absolute numbers.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื.
02:31
The World Health Organization estimates
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš
02:34
that there are nearly four to five hundred million people
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ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ-400 ืื• 500 ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื
02:37
living on our tiny planet
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื ื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ
02:39
who are affected by a mental illness.
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ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ.
02:40
Now some of you here
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ื—ืœืง ืžื›ื
02:42
look a bit astonished by that number,
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ื ืจืื” ืžืขื˜ ื”ืžื•ื ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”,
02:45
but consider for a moment the incredible diversity
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ืืš ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืจื’ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื
02:47
of mental illnesses, from autism and intellectual disability
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ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืžืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื ื•ื ื›ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ืช
02:50
in childhood, through to depression and anxiety,
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ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ื“ืจืš ื“ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืจื“ื”,
02:53
substance misuse and psychosis in adulthood,
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช,
02:55
all the way through to dementia in old age,
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ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขืช ื–ืงื ื”,
02:57
and I'm pretty sure that each and every one us
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืžื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“
03:00
present here today can think of at least one person,
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ืžื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื“ื ืื—ื“,
03:03
at least one person, who's affected by mental illness
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื“ื ืื—ื“, ืฉื ืคื’ืข ืžืžื—ืœืช ื ืคืฉ
03:07
in our most intimate social networks.
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ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
03:11
I see some nodding heads there.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื›ืžื” ืจืืฉื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื ื™ื.
03:14
But beyond the staggering numbers,
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ืืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ืขื–ืขื™ื,
03:17
what's truly important from a global health point of view,
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
03:20
what's truly worrying from a global health point of view,
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ืื™ื’ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
03:23
is that the vast majority of these affected individuals
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืคื’ื•ืขื™ ื ืคืฉ ืืœื”
03:26
do not receive the care
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ืœื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
03:28
that we know can transform their lives, and remember,
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ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื, ื•ื–ื™ื›ืจื•,
03:30
we do have robust evidence that a range of interventions,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืงื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืงืฉืช ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช,
03:34
medicines, psychological interventions,
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ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
03:36
and social interventions, can make a vast difference.
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ื•ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฆื•ื.
03:39
And yet, even in the best-resourced countries,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช,
03:42
for example here in Europe, roughly 50 percent
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ืœืžืฉืœ ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื‘ืขืจืš 50 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
03:45
of affected people don't receive these interventions.
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ืžืคื’ื•ืขื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืื™ื ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
03:48
In the sorts of countries I work in,
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“,
03:50
that so-called treatment gap
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ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืคืขืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ"
03:52
approaches an astonishing 90 percent.
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ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ 90 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
03:57
It isn't surprising, then, that if you should speak
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื, ืฉืื ืชืฉื•ื—ื—ื•
04:00
to anyone affected by a mental illness,
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ืขื ืคื’ื•ืข-ื ืคืฉ,
04:03
the chances are that you will hear stories
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืชืฉืžืขื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
04:06
of hidden suffering, shame and discrimination
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ืขืœ ืกื‘ืœ, ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื•ืืคืœื™ื” ืžื•ื“ื—ืงื™ื
04:10
in nearly every sector of their lives.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
04:13
But perhaps most heartbreaking of all
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ืืš ืžื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื‘
04:15
are the stories of the abuse
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ื”ื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืœื”,
04:18
of even the most basic human rights,
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ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:21
such as the young woman shown in this image here
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”
04:23
that are played out every day,
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ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื›ืš ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•,
04:25
sadly, even in the very institutions that were built to care
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืชื ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ
04:29
for people with mental illnesses, the mental hospitals.
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ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ ื ืคืฉ: ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ืœื™ ื ืคืฉ.
04:33
It's this injustice that has really driven my mission
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ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืื•ืชื™
04:36
to try to do a little bit to transform the lives
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
04:39
of people affected by mental illness, and a particularly
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ืฉืœ ืคื’ื•ืขื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื•ืคืขื•ืœื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช
04:41
critical action that I focused on is to bridge the gulf
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ื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืžืชืžืงื“ ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืจ
04:45
between the knowledge we have that can transform lives,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื•ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื,
04:48
the knowledge of effective treatments, and how we actually
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ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื, ื•ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ
04:50
use that knowledge in the everyday world.
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
04:54
And an especially important challenge that I've had to face
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ื•ืืชื’ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•
04:57
is the great shortage of mental health professionals,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ,
05:00
such as psychiatrists and psychologists,
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ื›ืžื• ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื,
05:02
particularly in the developing world.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—.
05:04
Now I trained in medicine in India, and after that
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ืื ื™ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš
05:07
I chose psychiatry as my specialty, much to the dismay
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ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืœื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื”, ืœืžื•ืจืช ืจื•ื—ื
05:11
of my mother and all my family members who
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™
05:13
kind of thought neurosurgery would be
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ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื• ืžืฉื•ื-ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื™ืจื•-ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื
05:14
a more respectable option for their brilliant son.
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ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืง.
05:18
Any case, I went on, I soldiered on with psychiatry,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ื‘ืขื•ื– ืขื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื”,
05:20
and found myself training in Britain in some of
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”
05:23
the best hospitals in this country. I was very privileged.
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ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื˜ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื–ื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
05:25
I worked in a team of incredibly talented, compassionate,
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ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ ืœื”ื“ื”ื™ื, ืžืœื ืœื”ื˜,
05:29
but most importantly, highly trained, specialized
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ืืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ ืžืื“ ื•ืขืชื™ืจ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช
05:32
mental health professionals.
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ืฉืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ.
05:34
Soon after my training, I found myself working
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ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืชื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™, ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“
05:36
first in Zimbabwe and then in India, and I was confronted
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ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ื™ืžื‘ืื‘ื•ื•ื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื•ืคื’ืฉืชื™
05:38
by an altogether new reality.
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ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
05:41
This was a reality of a world in which there were almost no
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ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ
05:45
mental health professionals at all.
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ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ.
05:47
In Zimbabwe, for example, there were just about
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื–ื™ืžื‘ืื‘ื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื• ืจืง
05:49
a dozen psychiatrists, most of whom lived and worked
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ื›ืชืจื™ืกืจ ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื, ื•ืจื•ื‘ื ื—ื™ื• ื•ืขื‘ื“ื•
05:52
in Harare city, leaving only a couple
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ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ืจืจื”, ื•ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“
05:54
to address the mental health care needs
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ื ืคืœื• ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื™
05:57
of nine million people living in the countryside.
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ืฉืœ 9 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื.
06:00
In India, I found the situation was not a lot better.
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
06:04
To give you a perspective, if I had to translate
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื, ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืกื™ืง
06:06
the proportion of psychiatrists in the population
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ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”
06:09
that one might see in Britain to India,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืœื”ื•ื“ื•,
06:11
one might expect roughly 150,000 psychiatrists in India.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›-150,000 ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
06:17
In reality, take a guess.
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ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื” ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
06:20
The actual number is about 3,000,
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ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื•ื ื›-3,000.
06:22
about two percent of that number.
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ื›-2 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
06:25
It became quickly apparent to me that I couldn't follow
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ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื™ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืฉืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื’
06:27
the sorts of mental health care models that I had been trained in,
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจืชื™,
06:30
one that relied heavily on specialized, expensive
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ืฉืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืžืื“ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืงืจื™ื
06:33
mental health professionals to provide mental health care
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ืฉื™ืกืคืงื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืคืฉื™
06:36
in countries like India and Zimbabwe.
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ื–ื™ืžื‘ืื‘ื•ื•ื”.
06:38
I had to think out of the box about some other model
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ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
06:41
of care.
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ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
06:42
It was then that I came across these books,
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ื•ืื– ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
06:45
and in these books I discovered the idea of task shifting
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ื•ื‘ื”ื ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชืงืช ืžื˜ืœื•ืช
06:49
in global health.
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
06:51
The idea is actually quite simple. The idea is,
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื“. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ,
06:53
when you're short of specialized health care professionals,
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ืฉื›ืฉื—ืกืจื™ื ืœืš ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
06:56
use whoever is available in the community,
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ืชืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
06:59
train them to provide a range of health care interventions,
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ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ืœืกืคืง ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื•ืช,
07:02
and in these books I read inspiring examples,
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืื”,
07:05
for example of how ordinary people had been trained
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื•
07:08
to deliver babies,
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ืœื™ื™ืœื“ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช,
07:09
diagnose and treat early pneumonia, to great effect.
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ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื“ืœืงืช-ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืจื‘ื”.
07:13
And it struck me that if you could train ordinary people
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ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื
07:16
to deliver such complex health care interventions,
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ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”,
07:18
then perhaps they could also do the same
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ื’ื
07:20
with mental health care.
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ.
07:22
Well today, I'm very pleased to report to you
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืœื›ื
07:25
that there have been many experiments in task shifting
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ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืชืงืช ืžื˜ืœื•ืช
07:28
in mental health care across the developing world
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—
07:31
over the past decade, and I want to share with you
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ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื
07:33
the findings of three particular such experiments,
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ื‘ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉืœ 3 ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
07:35
all three of which focused on depression,
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ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื ื”ืชืžืงื“ื• ื‘ื“ื›ืื•ืŸ,
07:37
the most common of all mental illnesses.
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ืžื—ืœืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:40
In rural Uganda, Paul Bolton and his colleagues,
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ื‘ืื•ื’ื ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช, ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™ื•,
07:43
using villagers, demonstrated that they could deliver
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื, ื”ืจืื• ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
07:47
interpersonal psychotherapy for depression
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ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื›ืื•ืŸ
07:49
and, using a randomized control design,
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื” ืืงืจืื™ืช
07:52
showed that 90 percent of the people receiving
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ื”ืจืื• ืฉ-90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืืœื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื•
07:54
this intervention recovered as compared
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ืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื—ืœื™ืžื•, ืœืขื•ืžืช
07:56
to roughly 40 percent in the comparison villages.
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ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ 40 ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื”.
08:00
Similarly, using a randomized control trial in rural Pakistan,
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืš, ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ืืงืจืื™ืช ื‘ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช,
08:04
Atif Rahman and his colleagues showed
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ืื˜ื™ืฃ ืจื—ืžืŸ ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™ื• ื”ืจืื•
08:06
that lady health visitors, who are community maternal
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ืฉืžื‘ืงืจื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžื™ื™ืœื“ื•ืช
08:09
health workers in Pakistan's health care system,
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ,
08:12
could deliver cognitive behavior therapy for mothers
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืกืคืง ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืืžื”ื•ืช
08:14
who were depressed, again showing dramatic differences
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ื›ืื•ืŸ, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืจืื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื
08:17
in the recovery rates. Roughly 75 percent of mothers
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ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœืžื”. ื›ืžืขื˜ 75 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืืžื”ื•ืช
08:19
recovered as compared to about 45 percent
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ื”ื—ืœื™ืžื• ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื›-45 ืื—ื•ื–
08:22
in the comparison villages.
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ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื”.
08:24
And in my own trial in Goa, in India, we again showed
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืื”, ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘
08:27
that lay counselors drawn from local communities
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ืฉื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื ืœืงื—ื• ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช
08:30
could be trained to deliver psychosocial interventions
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ืœืกืคืง ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
08:33
for depression, anxiety, leading to 70 percent
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ืœื“ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืจื“ื”, ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœ-70 ืื—ื•ื–
08:35
recovery rates as compared to 50 percent
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ื”ื—ืœืžื”, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœ-50 ืื—ื•ื–
08:37
in the comparison primary health centers.
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”.
08:40
Now, if I had to draw together all these different
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ืื– ืื ื ืฆืจืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื
08:42
experiments in task shifting, and there have of course
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ื‘ื”ืขืชืงืช ืžื˜ืœื•ืช, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ
08:45
been many other examples, and try and identify
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื ื ืกื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช
08:47
what are the key lessons we can learn that makes
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ืžื”ื ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื™ืง
08:49
for a successful task shifting operation,
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ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืขืชืงืช ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช,
08:52
I have coined this particular acronym, SUNDAR.
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ื˜ื‘ืขืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืืช ืจืืฉื™-ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช "ืกื•ื ื“ืจ".
08:56
What SUNDAR stands for, in Hindi, is "attractive."
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"ืกื•ื ื“ืจ" ื‘ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• "ืžื•ืฉืš".
09:01
It seems to me that there are five key lessons
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื
09:03
that I've shown on this slide that are critically important
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื–ื•, ื•ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืจืขืช
09:05
for effective task shifting.
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ืœื”ืขืชืงืช ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื”.
09:08
The first is that we need to simplify the message
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืคืฉื˜ ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
09:11
that we're using, stripping away all the jargon
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ืœืกืœืง ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื’ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช
09:13
that medicine has invented around itself.
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ืฉื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืžืฆื™ืื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื ื•ืฉื.
09:16
We need to unpack complex health care interventions
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืคืจืง ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช
09:19
into smaller components that can be more easily
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ืœืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื•ืชื ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:21
transferred to less-trained individuals.
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ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืคื—ื•ืชื”.
09:24
We need to deliver health care, not in large institutions,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืกืคืง ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืœื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
09:27
but close to people's homes, and we need to deliver
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ืืœื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืกืคืง
09:29
health care using whoever is available and affordable
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื–ื•ืœ
09:32
in our local communities.
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
09:34
And importantly, we need to reallocate the few specialists
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ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื”ืžืขื˜ื™ื
09:37
who are available to perform roles
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ืฉื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื
09:39
such as capacity-building and supervision.
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ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช-ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื—.
09:42
Now for me, task shifting is an idea
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™, ื”ืขืชืงืช ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
09:45
with truly global significance,
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ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช,
09:48
because even though it has arisen out of the
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ื›ื™ ื’ื ืื ื–ื” ื ื‘ืข
09:50
situation of the lack of resources that you find
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ืžื”ืขื“ืจ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ืฉืžื•ืฆืื™ื
09:54
in developing countries, I think it has a lot of significance
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื”
09:57
for better-resourced countries as well. Why is that?
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ื’ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข?
10:00
Well, in part, because health care in the developed world,
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ื—ืœืงื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—,
10:03
the health care costs in the [developed] world,
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ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—,
10:06
are rapidly spiraling out of control, and a huge chunk
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ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื›ืœืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”, ื•ื ืชื— ืขืฆื•ื
10:08
of those costs are human resource costs.
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ืžื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ.
10:12
But equally important is because health care has become
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ืคืš
10:14
so incredibly professionalized that it's become very remote
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ืœื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉ
10:18
and removed from local communities.
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ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ื ืžืฆื ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
10:21
For me, what's truly sundar about the idea of task shifting,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชืงืช ืžื˜ืœื•ืช,
10:24
though, isn't that it simply makes health care
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ืฉื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™
10:26
more accessible and affordable but that
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ืœื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื’ื
10:29
it is also fundamentally empowering.
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ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืขืฆืžื”.
10:32
It empowers ordinary people to be more effective
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืขืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:35
in caring for the health of others in their community,
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ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื,
10:38
and in doing so, to become better guardians
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ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš, ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:40
of their own health. Indeed, for me, task shifting
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ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื”ื. ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื”ืขืชืงืช ืžื˜ืœื•ืช
10:43
is the ultimate example of the democratization
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ
10:46
of medical knowledge, and therefore, medical power.
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ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืคื•ืื™, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ, ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื— ื”ืจืคื•ืื™.
10:51
Just over 30 years ago, the nations of the world assembled
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ืœืคื ื™ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-30 ืฉื ื”, ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•
10:54
at Alma-Ata and made this iconic declaration.
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ื‘ืขืœืžื”-ืื˜ื” ื•ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
10:57
Well, I think all of you can guess
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื—ืฉ
10:59
that 12 years on, we're still nowhere near that goal.
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ืฉ-12 ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ื™ืขื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื˜ืจื”.
11:03
Still, today, armed with that knowledge
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื•ื, ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”
11:05
that ordinary people in the community
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”
11:08
can be trained and, with sufficient supervision and support,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืžื ื™ื, ื•ืขื ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื”,
11:11
can deliver a range of health care interventions effectively,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”,
11:14
perhaps that promise is within reach now.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืฉื’ืชื™ื ื• ื›ืขืช.
11:18
Indeed, to implement the slogan of Health for All,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืกืœื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœ "ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื›ืœ",
11:22
we will need to involve all
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘
11:24
in that particular journey,
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ื‘ืžืกืข ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ื–ื”,
11:25
and in the case of mental health, in particular we would
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืคืจื˜, ื ืฆื˜ืจืš
11:28
need to involve people who are affected by mental illness
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ืœืขืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ
11:31
and their caregivers.
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ื•ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
11:33
It is for this reason that, some years ago,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื,
11:35
the Movement for Global Mental Health was founded
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ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื•ืงืžื”
11:37
as a sort of a virtual platform upon which professionals
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ื›ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืชื” ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข
11:41
like myself and people affected by mental illness
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ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืคื’ืขื• ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ
11:44
could stand together, shoulder-to-shoulder,
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ื›ืชืฃ ืืœ ื›ืชืฃ,
11:47
and advocate for the rights of people with mental illness
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ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ
11:49
to receive the care that we know can transform their lives,
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
11:52
and to live a life with dignity.
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ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“.
11:55
And in closing, when you have a moment of peace or quiet
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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืฉืงื˜
11:59
in these very busy few days or perhaps afterwards,
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืกื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœืื—ืจื™ื”ื,
12:02
spare a thought for that person you thought about
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ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืื™ืฉ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื—ืฉื‘ืชื
12:05
who has a mental illness, or persons that you thought about
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื—ืœืช ื ืคืฉ, ืื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืื•ืชื
12:07
who have mental illness,
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ืœื—ื•ืœื™ ื ืคืฉ,
12:09
and dare to care for them. Thank you. (Applause)
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ื•ื”ืขื™ื–ื• ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:13
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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