Mental Health for All by Involving All | Vikram Patel | TED Talks

299,957 views ใƒป 2012-09-11

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Woo Hwang ๊ฒ€ํ† : K Bang
00:15
I want you to imagine this for a moment.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
Two men, Rahul and Rajiv,
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๋ผ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ผ์ง€๋ธŒ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
00:21
living in the same neighborhood,
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋™๋„ค์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ ,
00:23
from the same educational background, similar occupation,
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ํ•™๊ต๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜์™”๊ณ , ์ง์—…๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
00:26
and they both turn up at their local accident emergency
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์ด ๋‘์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€์Šด ํ†ต์ฆ์„ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
00:29
complaining of acute chest pain.
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๋™๋„ค ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
Rahul is offered a cardiac procedure,
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๋ผ์šธ์€ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:35
but Rajiv is sent home.
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๋ผ์ง€๋ธŒ๋Š” ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ณด๋‚ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
What might explain the difference in the experience
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ๊ฒŒ ์—†๋Š” ์ด ๋‘์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š”
00:40
of these two nearly identical men?
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๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:43
Rajiv suffers from a mental illness.
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๋ผ์ง€๋ธŒ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
The difference in the quality of medical care
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์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
00:50
received by people with mental illness is one of the reasons
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๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š” ์ง„๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€
00:53
why they live shorter lives
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์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
00:55
than people without mental illness.
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์™œ ๋” ๋‹จ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
Even in the best-resourced countries in the world,
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์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ž์›์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์กฐ์ฐจ๋„,
00:59
this life expectancy gap is as much as 20 years.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ ค 20๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
In the developing countries of the world, this gap
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋Š”
01:06
is even larger.
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๋”์šฑ ์ปค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
But of course, mental illnesses can kill in more direct ways
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ง์˜ ์›์ธ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:11
as well. The most obvious example is suicide.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‚ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
It might surprise some of you here, as it did me,
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์ €๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„
01:17
when I discovered that suicide is at the top of the list
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์„ธ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ง ์›์ธ ์ค‘
01:20
of the leading causes of death in young people
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‚ด์ด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:23
in all countries in the world,
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์•„๋งˆ ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
including the poorest countries of the world.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
But beyond the impact of a health condition
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ,
01:30
on life expectancy, we're also concerned
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„์˜จ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„
01:33
about the quality of life lived.
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Now, in order for us to examine the overall impact
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์ž, ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ช…๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์—
01:38
of a health condition both on life expectancy
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ,
01:40
as well as on the quality of life lived, we need to use
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” DALY๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”
01:43
a metric called the DALY,
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๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
01:45
which stands for a Disability-Adjusted Life Year.
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DALY๋Š” Disability-Adjusted Life Year *(์žฅ์• ๋ณด์ •์†์‹ค๋…„์ˆ˜)์˜ ์•ฝ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
Now when we do that, we discover some startling things
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ
01:52
about mental illness from a global perspective.
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์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
We discover that, for example, mental illnesses are
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์€ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์›์ธ์ค‘
01:58
amongst the leading causes of disability around the world.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Depression, for example, is the third-leading cause
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์€ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์›์ธ์ค‘ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ
02:05
of disability, alongside conditions such as
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๋งŽ์€๋ฐ์š”, ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ค์‚ฌ์™€ ํ๋ ด๊ณผ
02:08
diarrhea and pneumonia in children.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
When you put all the mental illnesses together,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด,
02:13
they account for roughly 15 percent
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ค‘
02:16
of the total global burden of disease.
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๋Œ€๋žต 15%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Indeed, mental illnesses are also very damaging
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์•„์ฃผ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:23
to people's lives, but beyond just the burden of disease,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๋„˜์–ด,
02:29
let us consider the absolute numbers.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:31
The World Health Organization estimates
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(WHO)๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ
02:34
that there are nearly four to five hundred million people
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4~5์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:37
living on our tiny planet
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์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
02:39
who are affected by a mental illness.
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์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
Now some of you here
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์€
02:42
look a bit astonished by that number,
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๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†€๋ผ์‹œ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”,
02:45
but consider for a moment the incredible diversity
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๋…„์‹œ์ ˆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žํ์ฆ์—์„œ ์ง€์ ์žฅ์• ๊นŒ์ง€
02:47
of mental illnesses, from autism and intellectual disability
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์šฐ์šธ์ฆ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ ๊นŒ์ง€,
02:50
in childhood, through to depression and anxiety,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์˜ค๋‚จ์šฉ๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ธ์ด ๋˜์„œ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:53
substance misuse and psychosis in adulthood,
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์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์น˜๋งค๊นŒ์ง€,
02:55
all the way through to dementia in old age,
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์ •๋ง ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”,
02:57
and I'm pretty sure that each and every one us
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ค‘์—
03:00
present here today can think of at least one person,
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์€, ์ •๋ง ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์€
03:03
at least one person, who's affected by mental illness
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์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ง์—์„œ
03:07
in our most intimate social networks.
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์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
I see some nodding heads there.
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๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ด ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
03:14
But beyond the staggering numbers,
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์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ œ์ณ๋‘๊ณ ์„œ๋ผ๋„,
03:17
what's truly important from a global health point of view,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜,
03:20
what's truly worrying from a global health point of view,
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์ •๋ง ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์€
03:23
is that the vast majority of these affected individuals
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
03:26
do not receive the care
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:28
that we know can transform their lives, and remember,
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:30
we do have robust evidence that a range of interventions,
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์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ,
03:34
medicines, psychological interventions,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ
03:36
and social interventions, can make a vast difference.
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๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
And yet, even in the best-resourced countries,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ๋„ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„,
03:42
for example here in Europe, roughly 50 percent
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์•ฝ 50%๊ฐ€
03:45
of affected people don't receive these interventions.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
In the sorts of countries I work in,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š”,
03:50
that so-called treatment gap
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์†Œ์œ„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€
03:52
approaches an astonishing 90 percent.
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ 90%๊นŒ์ง€ ์œก๋ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
It isn't surprising, then, that if you should speak
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
04:00
to anyone affected by a mental illness,
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๋งํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด,
04:03
the chances are that you will hear stories
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ
04:06
of hidden suffering, shame and discrimination
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์ˆจ๊ฒจ์˜จ ๊ณ ํ†ต, ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
04:10
in nearly every sector of their lives.
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๋“ค์œผ์‹ค ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
But perhaps most heartbreaking of all
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€์Šด ์•„ํ”ˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
04:15
are the stories of the abuse
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„
04:18
of even the most basic human rights,
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ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:21
such as the young woman shown in this image here
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์ธ์€
04:23
that are played out every day,
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๋งค์ผ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:25
sadly, even in the very institutions that were built to care
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์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜
04:29
for people with mental illnesses, the mental hospitals.
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์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ํ•™๋Œ€ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
It's this injustice that has really driven my mission
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•จ์ด ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
04:36
to try to do a little bit to transform the lives
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์ฃผ๋ ค๋Š” ์ €์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ
04:39
of people affected by mental illness, and a particularly
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์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํŠนํžˆ,
04:41
critical action that I focused on is to bridge the gulf
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
04:45
between the knowledge we have that can transform lives,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ, ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹,
04:48
the knowledge of effective treatments, and how we actually
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์‹์„ ์ผ์ƒ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:50
use that knowledge in the everyday world.
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์ ‘์ ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
And an especially important challenge that I've had to face
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ์€
04:57
is the great shortage of mental health professionals,
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์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ„ฑ์—†์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
05:00
such as psychiatrists and psychologists,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ๋ฐ
05:02
particularly in the developing world.
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ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์ฃ .
05:04
Now I trained in medicine in India, and after that
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์™”๊ณ ,
05:07
I chose psychiatry as my specialty, much to the dismay
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์ „๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
05:11
of my mother and all my family members who
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์ œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์™ธ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
05:13
kind of thought neurosurgery would be
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๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์•„๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋” ์ข‹์€
05:14
a more respectable option for their brilliant son.
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์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋žฌ์ง€๋งŒ ํฐ ์‹ค๋ง์„ ๋“œ๋ ธ์ฃ .
05:18
Any case, I went on, I soldiered on with psychiatry,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ €๋Š” ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
05:20
and found myself training in Britain in some of
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ณ‘์›์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ
05:23
the best hospitals in this country. I was very privileged.
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์ˆ˜๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ . ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ํŠนํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฐ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:25
I worked in a team of incredibly talented, compassionate,
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์ €๋Š” ์žฌ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์—ด์ •์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
05:29
but most importantly, highly trained, specialized
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„, ์ž˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋œ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๋“ค๊ณผ
05:32
mental health professionals.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
Soon after my training, I found myself working
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์ˆ˜๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋งˆ์น˜์ž ๋งˆ์ž, ์ €๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ์ง๋ฐ”๋ธŒ์›จ์—์„œ
05:36
first in Zimbabwe and then in India, and I was confronted
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์ผํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
by an altogether new reality.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
This was a reality of a world in which there were almost no
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์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ์˜
05:45
mental health professionals at all.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:47
In Zimbabwe, for example, there were just about
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ง๋ฐ”๋ธŒ์›จ์—๋Š”,
05:49
a dozen psychiatrists, most of whom lived and worked
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๋Œ€๋žต 10์—ฌ๋ช…์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
05:52
in Harare city, leaving only a couple
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•˜๋ผ๋ ˆ(Harare)์‹œ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜๊ณ ,
05:54
to address the mental health care needs
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๋‘์„ธ๋ช… ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” 9๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜
05:57
of nine million people living in the countryside.
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์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ๋œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
In India, I found the situation was not a lot better.
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ๋„ ๋” ๋‚˜์„๊ฒŒ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
To give you a perspective, if I had to translate
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ , ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:06
the proportion of psychiatrists in the population
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์ธ๊ตฌ๋‹น ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„
06:09
that one might see in Britain to India,
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๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด,
06:11
one might expect roughly 150,000 psychiatrists in India.
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์ธ๋„์— ๋Œ€๋žต 15๋งŒ๋ช… ์ •๋„์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
06:17
In reality, take a guess.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€, ๋งž์ถฐ๋ณด์„ธ์š”,
06:20
The actual number is about 3,000,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์•ฝ 3์ฒœ๋ช…๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
06:22
about two percent of that number.
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์•ž์—์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 2%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
It became quickly apparent to me that I couldn't follow
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์™”๋˜
06:27
the sorts of mental health care models that I had been trained in,
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์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
06:30
one that relied heavily on specialized, expensive
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ธ๋„๋‚˜ ์ง๋ฐ”๋ธŒ์›จ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
06:33
mental health professionals to provide mental health care
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์•„์ฃผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณ ์•ก ์—ฐ๋ด‰์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜์—ฌ
06:36
in countries like India and Zimbabwe.
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์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:38
I had to think out of the box about some other model
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง„๋ฃŒ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„
06:41
of care.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
It was then that I came across these books,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์ด ์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
06:45
and in these books I discovered the idea of task shifting
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์ด ์ฑ…๋“ค์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ
06:49
in global health.
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์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์งˆ๋งŒํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
The idea is actually quite simple. The idea is,
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
when you're short of specialized health care professionals,
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์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด,
06:56
use whoever is available in the community,
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์ง€์—ญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ,
06:59
train them to provide a range of health care interventions,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง„๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
and in these books I read inspiring examples,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ฑ…์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
07:05
for example of how ordinary people had been trained
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋“ค์ด
07:08
to deliver babies,
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๋ถ„๋งŒํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:09
diagnose and treat early pneumonia, to great effect.
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ํ๋ ด์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ต์œกํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
And it struck me that if you could train ordinary people
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
07:16
to deliver such complex health care interventions,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ต์œกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:18
then perhaps they could also do the same
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์—๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด
07:20
with mental health care.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
Well today, I'm very pleased to report to you
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„๋™์•ˆ
07:25
that there have been many experiments in task shifting
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์ˆ  ์ „๋‹ฌ์—
07:28
in mental health care across the developing world
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ
07:31
over the past decade, and I want to share with you
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์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
07:33
the findings of three particular such experiments,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋œ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
07:35
all three of which focused on depression,
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3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ธ
07:37
the most common of all mental illnesses.
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์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
In rural Uganda, Paul Bolton and his colleagues,
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์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ, ํด ๋ณผํŠผ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€
07:43
using villagers, demonstrated that they could deliver
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๋™๋„ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:47
interpersonal psychotherapy for depression
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๋Œ€์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์—ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
07:49
and, using a randomized control design,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ํ†ต์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
07:52
showed that 90 percent of the people receiving
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ค‘ 90%๊ฐ€
07:54
this intervention recovered as compared
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ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ด๋Š”
07:56
to roughly 40 percent in the comparison villages.
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๋น„๊ต๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งˆ์„์ด ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ 40%๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Similarly, using a randomized control trial in rural Pakistan,
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๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ณจ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ํ†ต์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ,
08:04
Atif Rahman and his colleagues showed
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์•„ํ‹ฐํ”„ ๋ผ๋งŒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€
08:06
that lady health visitors, who are community maternal
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š”
08:09
health workers in Pakistan's health care system,
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์ง€์—ญ ์กฐ์‚ฐ์†Œ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
08:12
could deliver cognitive behavior therapy for mothers
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์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์—„๋งˆ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
08:14
who were depressed, again showing dramatic differences
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์ธ์ง€ ํ–‰๋™ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ํšŒ๋ณต ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
08:17
in the recovery rates. Roughly 75 percent of mothers
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์–ป์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋žต ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ๋ณด์ธ
08:19
recovered as compared to about 45 percent
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45%์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์œจ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 75%์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์œจ์„
08:22
in the comparison villages.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
And in my own trial in Goa, in India, we again showed
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๋„์˜ ๊ณ ์•„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š”,
08:27
that lay counselors drawn from local communities
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์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ •๋ฐ›์€ ์ƒ๋‹ด์›๋“ค์ด
08:30
could be trained to deliver psychosocial interventions
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์šฐ์šธ์ฆ, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
08:33
for depression, anxiety, leading to 70 percent
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์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ธ
08:35
recovery rates as compared to 50 percent
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์•ฝ 50%์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์œจ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š”
08:37
in the comparison primary health centers.
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70%์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
Now, if I had to draw together all these different
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• ์ „์ˆ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
08:42
experiments in task shifting, and there have of course
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์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:45
been many other examples, and try and identify
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:47
what are the key lessons we can learn that makes
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• ์ „์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:49
for a successful task shifting operation,
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์ฃผ์•ˆ์ ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์—ฌ,
08:52
I have coined this particular acronym, SUNDAR.
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SUNDAR ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
What SUNDAR stands for, in Hindi, is "attractive."
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SUNDAR๋Š” ํžŒ๋‘์–ด๋กœ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
It seems to me that there are five key lessons
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ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• ์ „์ˆ˜์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
09:03
that I've shown on this slide that are critically important
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์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„
09:05
for effective task shifting.
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์ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
The first is that we need to simplify the message
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
09:11
that we're using, stripping away all the jargon
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ์˜ํ•™ ์šฉ์–ด๋“ค์€
09:13
that medicine has invented around itself.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์—†์• ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
We need to unpack complex health care interventions
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ต์œก์ด ๋ชจ์ž๋ž€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„
09:19
into smaller components that can be more easily
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์ „์ˆ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ
09:21
transferred to less-trained individuals.
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๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
We need to deliver health care, not in large institutions,
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํฐ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:27
but close to people's homes, and we need to deliver
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:29
health care using whoever is available and affordable
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์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
09:32
in our local communities.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์ˆ˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
And importantly, we need to reallocate the few specialists
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:37
who are available to perform roles
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ๋…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„
09:39
such as capacity-building and supervision.
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์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
Now for me, task shifting is an idea
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ „์ˆ˜๋Š”
09:45
with truly global significance,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
because even though it has arisen out of the
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
09:50
situation of the lack of resources that you find
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ž์›์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ
09:54
in developing countries, I think it has a lot of significance
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์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ
09:57
for better-resourced countries as well. Why is that?
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์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”?
10:00
Well, in part, because health care in the developed world,
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜
10:03
the health care costs in the [developed] world,
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์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€
10:06
are rapidly spiraling out of control, and a huge chunk
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ํ†ต์ œ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
10:08
of those costs are human resource costs.
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๊ทธ ๋น„์šฉ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ธ์ ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
But equally important is because health care has become
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
10:14
so incredibly professionalized that it's become very remote
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๋ณด๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ฌธํ™”๋˜์–ด
10:18
and removed from local communities.
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ ์  ๋” ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
For me, what's truly sundar about the idea of task shifting,
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ „์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
10:24
though, isn't that it simply makes health care
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ณด๊ฑด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ 
10:26
more accessible and affordable but that
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์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
10:29
it is also fundamentally empowering.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜์„ ์‹ค์–ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
It empowers ordinary people to be more effective
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋“ค์ด
10:35
in caring for the health of others in their community,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
10:38
and in doing so, to become better guardians
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:40
of their own health. Indeed, for me, task shifting
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ „์ˆ˜๋Š”
10:43
is the ultimate example of the democratization
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์˜ํ•™ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
10:46
of medical knowledge, and therefore, medical power.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณง ์˜์ˆ ์˜ ํž˜์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:51
Just over 30 years ago, the nations of the world assembled
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๋Œ€๋žต 30๋…„ ์ „์—, ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ์•Œ๋งˆ์•„ํƒ€์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ
10:54
at Alma-Ata and made this iconic declaration.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ์„ ์–ธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
Well, I think all of you can guess
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:59
that 12 years on, we're still nowhere near that goal.
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12๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
11:03
Still, today, armed with that knowledge
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์ด์ œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ด ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›์•„
11:05
that ordinary people in the community
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์›์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
11:08
can be trained and, with sufficient supervision and support,
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์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ
11:11
can deliver a range of health care interventions effectively,
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์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœํŒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์œผ๋ฉด
11:14
perhaps that promise is within reach now.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ ์•ฝ์†์€ ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
Indeed, to implement the slogan of Health for All,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ "๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตฌํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
11:22
we will need to involve all
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ •์—์„œ
11:24
in that particular journey,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
and in the case of mental health, in particular we would
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—
11:28
need to involve people who are affected by mental illness
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ
11:31
and their caregivers.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
It is for this reason that, some years ago,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์ „์—,
11:35
the Movement for Global Mental Health was founded
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"์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์šด๋™"์ด ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
11:37
as a sort of a virtual platform upon which professionals
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์ €๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
11:41
like myself and people affected by mental illness
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์–ด๊นจ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„
11:44
could stand together, shoulder-to-shoulder,
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๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ ,
11:47
and advocate for the rights of people with mental illness
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜
11:49
to receive the care that we know can transform their lives,
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์‚ถ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ 
11:52
and to live a life with dignity.
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์ž์กด๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
And in closing, when you have a moment of peace or quiet
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๋์œผ๋กœ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”์œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ
11:59
in these very busy few days or perhaps afterwards,
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ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ณ  ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
12:02
spare a thought for that person you thought about
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์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
12:05
who has a mental illness, or persons that you thought about
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๋˜๋Š” ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
12:07
who have mental illness,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
12:09
and dare to care for them. Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:13
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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