Alejandro Aravena: My architectural philosophy? Bring the community into the process

711,512 views ใƒป 2014-11-06

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shir Ben Asher Kestin ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
If there's any power in design,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ื›ื— ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘,
00:15
that's the power of synthesis.
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ื–ื”ื• ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื ืชื–ื”.
00:17
The more complex the problem,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช,
00:19
the more the need for simplicity.
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ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช.
00:21
So allow me to share three cases
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ืื– ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืงืจื™ื
00:24
where we tried to apply
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ื‘ื”ื ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื
00:26
design's power of synthesis.
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ืืช ื›ื— ื”ืกื™ื ืชื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
00:29
Let's start with the global challenge of urbanization.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื™ื•ืจ.
00:33
It's a fact that people are moving towards cities.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื ืขื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื.
00:36
and even if counterintuitive, it's good news.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ื“ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื”, ืืœื• ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
00:40
Evidence shows that people are better off in cities.
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ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจื™ื.
00:44
But there's a problem that I would call
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ืืš ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื”
00:46
the "3S" menace:
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ืื™ืžืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”-ืž':
00:48
The scale, speed, and scarcity of means
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ืžื™ื“ื”, ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืืžืฆืขื™ื
00:51
with which we will have to respond to this phenomenon
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ืœื”ื ื ื–ื“ืงืง ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื•
00:54
has no precedence in history.
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ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืชืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
00:57
For you to have an idea,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืžื•ืฉื’,
00:58
out of the three billion people living in cities today,
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ืžืชื•ืš 3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื,
01:01
one billion are under the line of poverty.
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืงื• ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
01:05
By 2030, out of the five billion people
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ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2030, ืžืชื•ืš 5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
01:09
that will be living in cities,
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ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจื• ื‘ืขืจื™ื,
01:11
two billion are going to be under the line of poverty.
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2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืงื• ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
01:14
That means that we will have to build
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช
01:21
a one million-person city per week
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ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข
01:30
with 10,000 dollars per family
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ืขื 10,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”
01:35
during the next 15 years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 15 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
01:37
A one million-person city per week
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ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข
01:40
with 10,000 dollars per family.
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ืขื 10,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”.
01:42
If we don't solve this equation,
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ืื ืœื ื ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ื–ื•,
01:43
it is not that people will stop coming to cities.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืขืจื™ื.
01:46
They will come anyhow,
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ื”ื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”,
01:47
but they will live in slums, favelas
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื•ื ื™, ื‘ืคืื‘ืœื•ืช
01:50
and informal settlements.
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ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืฉืžื™ื•ืช.
01:52
So what to do? Well, an answer may come
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ืื– ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื•ื
01:55
from favelas and slums themselves.
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ืžื”ืคืื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ.
01:59
A clue could be in this question we were asked
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ืจืžื– ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืฉื ืฉืืœื ื•
02:03
10 years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื.
02:04
We were asked to accommodate 100 families
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ื ืชื‘ืงืฉื ื• ืœืฉื›ืŸ 100 ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช
02:08
that had been occupying illegally
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ืฉื’ืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™
02:10
half a hectare in the center
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ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงื˜ืืจ
02:13
of the city of Iquique in the north of Chile
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื™ืงื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืฆ'ื™ืœื”
02:16
using a $10,000 subsidy
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 10,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ
02:19
with which we had to buy the land,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข,
02:22
provide the infrastructure,
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ืœืกืคืง ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช,
02:23
and build the houses that, in the best of the cases,
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ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื, ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:27
would be of around 40 square meters.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื›-40 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื.
02:30
And by the way, they said,
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื”ื ืืžืจื•,
02:33
the cost of the land,
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ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืงืจืงืข,
02:34
because it's in the center of the city,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ,
02:36
is three times more
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ื”ื•ื ืคื™ 3
02:38
than what social housing can normally afford.
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ืžืžื” ืฉื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื•.
02:42
Due to the difficulty of the question,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืฉืืœื”,
02:44
we decided to include the families
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช
02:46
in the process of understanding the constraints,
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช,
02:50
and we started a participatory design process,
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืฉืชืฃ,
02:53
and testing what was available there in the market.
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ื•ื‘ื—ื ื• ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง.
02:56
Detached houses,
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ื‘ืชื™ื ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื,
02:58
30 families could be accommodated.
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30 ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื›ื ื•ืช.
03:01
Row houses, 60 families.
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ื‘ืชื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, 60 ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช.
03:05
["100 families"] The only way to accommodate all of them
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["100 ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช"] ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืฉื›ืŸ ืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ
03:08
was by building in height,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื” ืœื’ื•ื‘ื”,
03:10
and they threatened us
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ื•ื”ื ืื™ื™ืžื• ืขืœื™ื ื•
03:12
to go on a hunger strike
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ืฉื™ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืชืช ืจืขื‘
03:14
if we even dared to offer this
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ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื ืขื– ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื–ืืช
03:17
as a solution,
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ื›ืคืชืจื•ืŸ,
03:18
because they could not make the tiny apartments
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื•ืช
03:21
expand.
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ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘.
03:23
So the conclusion with the families โ€”
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ืื– ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช-
03:25
and this is important, not our conclusion โ€”
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืœื ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืœื ื•-
03:27
with the families, was that we had a problem.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื”.
03:30
We had to innovate.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื.
03:31
So what did we do?
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ืื– ืžื” ืขืฉื™ื ื•?
03:35
Well, a middle-class family
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื
03:39
lives reasonably well
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ื—ื™ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘
03:42
in around 80 square meters,
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ื‘ื›-80 ืž"ืจ,
03:44
but when there's no money,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ,
03:46
what the market does
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉื•ืง ืขื•ืฉื”
03:47
is to reduce the size of the house
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช
03:52
to 40 square meters.
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ืœ-40 ืž"ืจ.
03:54
What we said was,
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ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื”ื™ื”-
03:56
what if,
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ืžื” ืื,
04:00
instead of thinking of 40 square meters
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ 40 ืž"ืจ
04:05
as a small house,
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ื›ื‘ื™ืช ืงื˜ืŸ,
04:08
why don't we consider it
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ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•
04:10
half of a good one?
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ื›ืขืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘?
04:13
When you rephrase the problem
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ื›ืฉืžื ืกื—ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
04:14
as half of a good house
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ื›ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘
04:17
instead of a small one,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ,
04:19
the key question is, which half do we do?
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ืฉืืœืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื™ื, ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืฆื™ ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
04:22
And we thought we had to do with public money
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™
04:25
the half that families won't be able to do individually.
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ืืช ื”ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™.
04:30
We identified five design conditions
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ื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• 5 ืฆืจื›ื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘
04:33
that belonged to the hard half of a house,
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ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช,
04:35
and we went back to the families to do two things:
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ื•ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
04:38
join forces and split tasks.
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ืœืื—ื“ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœืคืฆืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช.
04:42
Our design was something in between
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ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืคืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข
04:45
a building and a house.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืช.
04:48
As a building, it could pay
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ื›ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื
04:50
for expensive, well-located land,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงืจืงืข ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘,
04:53
and as a house, it could expand.
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ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘.
04:56
If, in the process of not being expelled
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ืื, ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจืฉื•ืช
04:59
to the periphery while getting a house,
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ืœืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืช ื‘ื™ืช,
05:01
families kept their network and their jobs,
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ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
05:04
we knew that the expansion would begin right away.
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ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉื”ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื™ื“.
05:08
So we went from this initial social housing
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ืื– ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™
05:13
to a middle-class unit achieved by families themselves
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ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ
05:17
within a couple of weeks.
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ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
05:20
This was our first project
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
05:22
in Iquique 10 years ago.
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ื‘ืื™ืงื™ืงื” ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื.
05:24
This is our last project in Chile.
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ื–ื” ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฆ'ื™ืœื”.
05:28
Different designs, same principle:
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ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืื•ืชื• ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ:
05:31
You provide the frame,
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ืืชื” ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช,
05:32
and from then on, families take over.
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ื•ืžืฉื ื”ืœืื”, ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื“.
05:36
So the purpose of design,
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ืื– ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘,
05:40
trying to understand and trying to give an answer
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืชืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
05:43
to the "3S" menace,
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ืœืื™ืžืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”-ืž'
05:45
scale, speed, and scarcity,
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ืžื™ื“ื”, ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืืžืฆืขื™ื,
05:46
is to channel people's own building capacity.
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ื”ื™ื ืœ1ืชืขืœ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžื.
05:50
We won't solve the one million people per week equation
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ืœื ื ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข
05:54
unless we use people's own power for building.
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ืื ืœื ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื”.
05:59
So, with the right design,
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ืื–, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
06:01
slums and favelas may not be the problem
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืคืื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืœื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
06:05
but actually the only possible solution.
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ืืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“.
06:08
The second case is how design can contribute
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ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื™ืš ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื
06:11
to sustainability.
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ืœืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
06:13
In 2012, we entered the competition
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012, ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช
06:16
for the Angelini Innovation Center,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืื ื’'ืœื™ื ื™ ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช,
06:18
and the aim was to build
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ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช
06:20
the right environment for knowledge creation.
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ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื™ื“ืข.
06:25
It is accepted that for such an aim,
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ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉื›ื–ื•,
06:27
knowledge creation,
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ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื™ื“ืข,
06:29
interaction among people, face-to-face contact,
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ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื- ืžื•ืœ- ืคื ื™ื,
06:31
it's important, and we agreed on that.
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ื”ืกื›ืžื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
06:33
But for us, the question of the right environment
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•, ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”
06:37
was a very literal question.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช.
06:39
We wanted to have a working space
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื—ืœืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
06:41
with the right light, with the right temperature,
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ืขื ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”,
06:44
with the right air.
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ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:46
So we asked ourselves:
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ืื– ืฉืืœื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•:
06:48
Does the typical office building
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ื”ืื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™
06:51
help us in that sense?
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ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื”?
06:53
Well, how does that building look, typically?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื ืจืื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™?
06:56
It's a collection of floors,
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ื–ื”ื• ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืžื•ืช,
06:59
one on top of each other,
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ืื—ืช ืžืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื”,
07:01
with a core in the center
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ืขื ืœื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื–
07:04
with elevators, stairs, pipes, wires, everything,
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ื•ื‘ื” ืžืขืœื™ื•ืช, ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช, ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช, ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื, ื”ื›ืœ,
07:09
and then a glass skin on the outside
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ื•ืื– ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ
07:12
that, due to direct sun radiation,
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ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืงืจื™ื ืช ืฉืžืฉ ื™ืฉื™ืจื”,
07:16
creates a huge greenhouse effect inside.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืคืงื˜ ื—ืžืžื” ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื.
07:21
In addition to that, let's say a guy
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืื“ื
07:23
working on the seventh floor
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช
07:25
goes every single day through the third floor,
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ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช,
07:28
but has no idea what the guy on that floor
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ืื“ื
07:31
is working on.
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ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“.
07:32
So we thought, well, maybe we have to turn this scheme
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ื–ื•
07:36
inside out.
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ืžื”ื—ื•ืฅ-ืคื ื™ืžื”.
07:38
And what we did was,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื”,
07:39
let's have an open atrium,
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื—ืœืœ ืื—ื“ ืคืชื•ื—,
07:44
a hollowed core,
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ืœื™ื‘ื” ื—ืœื•ืœื”,
07:45
the same collection of floors,
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ื•ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืžื•ืช,
07:47
but have the walls and the mass in the perimeter,
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืกื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ,
07:52
so that when the sun hits,
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ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ,
07:56
it's not impacting directly glass, but a wall.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช, ืืœื ื‘ืงื™ืจ.
08:02
When you have an open atrium inside,
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื—ืœืœ ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืคื ื™ื,
08:05
you are able to see what others are doing
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ืืชื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
08:07
from within the building, and you have
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ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืš
08:09
a better way to control light,
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ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืื•ืจ,
08:11
and when you place the mass and the walls
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืžืงื ืืช ื”ืžืกื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช
08:14
in the perimeter,
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ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ,
08:16
then you are preventing direct sun radiation.
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ืืชื” ืžื•ื ืข ืงืจื™ื ืช ืฉืžืฉ ื™ืฉื™ืจื”.
08:19
You may also open those windows
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ืืชื” ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
08:21
and get cross-ventilation.
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ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ืžื›ืžื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื.
08:24
We just made those openings
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืชื—ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
08:27
of such a scale that they could work
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ื‘ื›ื–ื” ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
08:29
as elevated squares,
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ื›ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื,
08:31
outdoor spaces throughout
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ื—ืœืœื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš
08:33
the entire height of the building.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
08:37
None of this is rocket science.
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ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื“ืข ื˜ื™ืœื™ื.
08:38
You don't require sophisticated programming.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื.
08:41
It's not about technology.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
08:43
This is just archaic, primitive common sense,
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ื–ื” ืจืง ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืจื›ืื™ ื•ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
08:48
and by using common sense,
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ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜,
08:50
we went from 120 kilowatts
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ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืž-120 ืงื™ืœื•ื•ื•ืื˜
08:53
per square meter per year,
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ืœืžื˜ืจ ืจื‘ื•ืข ืœืฉื ื”,
08:56
which is the typical energy consumption
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ืฉื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช
08:58
for cooling a glass tower,
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ืœืงื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื’ื“ืœ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช,
09:00
to 40 kilowatts per square meter per year.
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ืœ-40 ืงื™ืœื•ื•ื•ืื˜ ืœืžื˜ืจ ืจื‘ื•ืข ืœืฉื ื”.
09:04
So with the right design,
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ืื– ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
09:06
sustainability is nothing but the rigorous use
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ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืงืคื“ื ื™
09:09
of common sense.
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ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
09:13
Last case I would like to share is how design
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ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืื™ืš ืฉืขื™ืฆื•ื‘
09:16
can provide more comprehensive answers
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช
09:18
against natural disasters.
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ื ื’ื“ ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข.
09:20
You may know that Chile, in 2010,
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ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืฆ'ื™ืœื”, ื‘-2010,
09:23
was hit by an 8.8 Richter scale
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ื”ื•ื›ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ 8.8 ื‘ืกื•ืœื ืจื™ื›ื˜ืจ
09:27
earthquake and tsunami,
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ื•ืฆื•ื ืืžื™,
09:29
and we were called to work
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืงืจืื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
09:31
in the reconstruction of the Constituciรณn,
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ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืงื•ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืกื™ื•ืŸ,
09:33
in the southern part of the country.
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
09:35
We were given 100 days, three months,
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ื ืชื ื• ืœื ื• 100 ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
09:39
to design almost everything,
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ืœืขืฆื‘ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื›ืœ.
09:41
from public buildings to public space,
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ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
09:43
street grid, transportation, housing,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื‘ืชื™ื,
09:45
and mainly how to protect the city
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ืš ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ
09:48
against future tsunamis.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
09:50
This was new in Chilean urban design,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฆ'ื™ืœื”- ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™,
09:53
and there were in the air a couple of alternatives.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืชื™ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
09:57
First one:
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”:
09:58
Forbid installation on ground zero.
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ืœืืกื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื‘ื’ืจืื•ื ื“ ื–ื™ืจื•.
10:01
Thirty million dollars spent mainly
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30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฉืงืขื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ
10:03
in land expropriation.
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ื‘ื”ืคืงืขืช ืงืจืงืขื•ืช.
10:05
This is exactly what's being discussed in Japan nowadays,
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื,
10:08
and if you have a disciplined population
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ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืžืžื•ืฉืžืขืช
10:10
like the Japanese, this may work,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ืคื ื™ื, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“,
10:13
but we know that in Chile,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืฆ'ื™ืœื”,
10:14
this land is going to be occupied illegally anyhow,
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ื”ืงืจืงืข ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื›ืœืกืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”,
10:18
so this alternative was unrealistic and undesirable.
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ืื– ื”ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ื•ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื”.
10:22
Second alternative: build a big wall,
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ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื”: ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
10:25
heavy infrastructure to resist
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ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืชืชื ื’ื“
10:28
the energy of the waves.
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ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืœื™ื.
10:30
This alternative was conveniently lobbied
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ืœืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื ื•ื—, ืœื•ื‘ื™
10:32
by big building companies,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช,
10:33
because it meant 42 million dollars in contracts,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื”ื™ืชื” 42 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื™ื,
10:37
and was also politically preferred,
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื ืขื“ื™ืคื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช,
10:40
because it required no land expropriation.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื“ืจืฉื” ื”ืคืงืขืช ืื“ืžื•ืช.
10:44
But Japan proved that trying to resist
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืคืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“
10:46
the force of nature is useless.
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ืœืื™ืชื ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื–ื” ื—ืกืจ ืชื•ืขืœืช.
10:50
So this alternative was irresponsible.
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ืื– ื”ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืกืจืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
10:53
As in the housing process,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ,
10:55
we had to include the community
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”
10:57
in the way of finding a solution for this,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš,
11:00
and we started a participatory design process.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืฉืชืฃ.
11:04
(Video) [In Spanish] Loudspeaker: What kind of city do you want?
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[ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช] (ื“ื•ื‘ืจ): ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื?
11:06
Vote for Constituciรณn.
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ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืกื™ื•ืŸ.
11:07
Go to the Open House and express your options.
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ืœื›ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืขื• ืืช ื“ืขืชื›ื.
11:10
Participate!
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ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•!
11:12
Fisherman: I am a fisherman.
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(ื“ื™ื™ื’): ืื ื™ ื“ื™ื™ื’.
11:14
Twenty-five fishermen work for me.
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25 ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื™.
11:16
Where should I take them? To the forest?
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ืœืืŸ ืืงื— ืื•ืชื? ืœื™ืขืจ?
11:18
Man: So why can't we have a concrete defense?
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(ืื™ืฉ): ืื– ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ?
11:22
Done well, of course.
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
11:24
Man 2: I am the history of Constituciรณn.
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(ืื™ืฉ 2): ืื ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืกื™ื•ืŸ.
11:26
And you come here to tell me that I cannot keep on living here?
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ื•ืืชื ื‘ืื™ื ื”ื ื” ื•ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืคื”?
11:30
My whole family has lived here,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื—ื™ื” ืคื”,
11:32
I raised my children here,
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ื’ื™ื“ืœืชื™ ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ ืคื”,
11:33
and my children will also raise their children here.
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ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืคื”.
11:35
and my grandchildren and everyone else will.
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ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ.
11:38
But why are you imposing this on me?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ืืชื ื›ื•ืคื™ื ื–ืืช ืขืœื™?
11:40
You! You are imposing this on me!
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ืืชื! ืืชื ื›ื•ืคื™ื ื–ืืช ืขืœื™!
11:42
In danger zone I am not authorized to build.
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืกื›ื ื” ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื•ืจืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช.
11:44
He himself is saying that.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
11:46
Man 3: No, no, no, Nieves...
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(ืื™ืฉ 3): ืœื, ืœื, ืœื, ื ื™ื™ื‘ืก...
11:50
Alejandro Aravena: I don't know if you were able
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(ืืœื—ื ื“ืจื• ืืจืื‘ื ื”): ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื
11:53
to read the subtitles, but you can tell
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ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช
11:55
from the body language
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ืžืฉืคืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
11:57
that participatory design
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ืฉืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืฉืชืฃ
11:58
is not a hippie, romantic,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื™ืคื™, ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™,
12:00
let's-all-dream-together-about- the-future-of-the-city
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ื‘ื•ืื•-ื›ื•ืœื ื•-ื ืฉืชื”-ื™ื—ื“- ืขืœ-ืขืชื™ื“-ื”ืขื™ืจ
12:04
kind of thing.
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ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื”.
12:06
It is actually โ€” (Applause)
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื”-- (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:09
It is actually not even with the families
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ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช
12:11
trying to find the right answer.
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ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
12:15
It is mainly trying to identify with precision
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง
12:17
what is the right question.
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ืžื”ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
12:19
There is nothing worse than answering well
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข ืžืœืขื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
12:21
the wrong question.
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ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
12:24
So it was pretty obvious after this process
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื”
12:27
that, well, we chicken out here
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ืฉ... ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืคื ื™ื ืคื”
12:30
and go away because it's too tense,
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ื•ืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืžืชื•ื— ืžื™ื“ื™,
12:33
or we go even further in asking,
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ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขื ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื•ืง ื•ืฉื•ืืœื™ื,
12:35
what else is bothering you?
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ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ืืชื›ื?
12:36
What other problems do you have
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ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื
12:38
and you want us to take care of now that the city
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ
12:41
will have to be rethought from scratch?
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืืคืก?
12:45
And what they said was,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืืžืจื• ื”ื™ื”,
12:47
look, fine to protect the city against future tsunamis,
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ืชืจืื•, ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฆื•ื ืืžื™,
12:50
we really appreciate, but the next one is going to come in, what, 20 years?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ืืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืขื•ื“, ื›ืžื”, 20 ืฉื ื™ื?
12:55
But every single year, we have problems
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ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
12:57
of flooding due to rain.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื’ืฉื.
13:00
In addition, we are in the middle
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข
13:02
of the forest region of the country,
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ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืขืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
13:04
and our public space sucks.
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ื•ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื.
13:07
It's poor and it's scarce.
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ื”ื•ื ื“ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืขื˜.
13:10
And the origin of the city, our identity,
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ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
13:13
is not really connected to the buildings that fell,
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ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ืคืœื•,
13:16
it is connected to the river,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื ื”ืจ,
13:17
but the river cannot be accessed publicly,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื ื”ืจ,
13:20
because its shores are privately owned.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช.
13:24
So we thought that we had to produce a third alternative,
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช,
13:29
and our approach was against geographical threats,
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ืชื”: ื ื’ื“ ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื,
13:33
have geographical answers.
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ืขื ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช.
13:37
What if, in between the city
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ืžื” ืื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ
13:43
and the sea
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ื•ื”ื™ื
13:48
we have a forest,
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื™ืขืจ,
13:51
a forest that doesn't try to resist
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ื™ืขืจ ืฉืœื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“
13:54
the energy of nature,
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ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข,
13:56
but dissipates it by introducing friction?
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ืืœื ืžืคืจืง ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš?
14:00
A forest that may be able to laminate the water
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ื™ืขืจ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืœืžื™ื ืฆื™ื” ืœืžื™ื
14:04
and prevent the flooding?
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ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช?
14:06
That may pay the historical debt of public space,
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
14:11
and that may provide, finally,
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ื•ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืกืคืง, ืกื•ืฃ-ืกื•ืฃ,
14:14
democratic access to the river.
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ื’ื™ืฉื” ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืœื ื”ืจ.
14:16
So as a conclusion of the participatory design,
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ืื– ื›ืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืชืฃ,
14:19
the alternative was validated politically and socially,
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ื”ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจืจื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
14:22
but there was still the problem of the cost:
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช:
14:25
48 million dollars.
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48 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
14:28
So what we did was a survey
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืกืงืจ
14:31
in the public investment system,
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช,
14:33
and found out that there were three ministries
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื”
14:36
with three projects in the exact same place,
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ืขื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง,
14:39
not knowing of the existence of the other projects.
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ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™.
14:42
The sum of them: 52 million dollars.
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ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœื”ื: 52 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
14:46
So design's power of synthesis
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ืื– ื›ื— ื”ืกื™ื ืชื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘
14:49
is trying to make a more efficient use
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœ
14:51
of the scarcest resource in cities,
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ืžื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื›ื™ ื“ืœ ื‘ืขืจื™ื,
14:54
which is not money but coordination.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื›ืกืฃ, ืืœื ืชื™ืื•ื.
14:57
By doing so, we were able to save
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš, ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื—ืกื•ืš
15:00
four million dollars, and that is why the forest
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4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ืขืจ
15:03
is today under construction.
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ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื”.
15:06
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:09
So be it the force of self construction,
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ื™ื”ื ื–ื” ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช,
15:13
the force of common sense,
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ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜,
15:16
or the force of nature, all these forces
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ืื• ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
15:19
need to be translated into form,
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจื”,
15:22
and what that form is modeling and shaping
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืขืฆื‘ืช
15:26
is not cement, bricks, or wood.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ, ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืื• ืขืฅ.
15:29
It is life itself.
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื.
15:31
Design's power of synthesis
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ื›ื— ื”ืกื™ื ืชื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘
15:34
is just an attempt to put
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ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื,
15:36
at the innermost core of architecture
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ื‘ืœื‘ ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”,
15:40
the force of life.
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ืืช ื›ื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
15:42
Thank you so much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:44
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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