Amanda Burden: How public spaces make cities work

548,011 views ใƒป 2014-04-07

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Tal Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
When people think about cities,
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ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื,
00:14
they tend to think of certain things.
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ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.
00:17
They think of buildings and streets
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช
00:19
and skyscrapers, noisy cabs.
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ื•ื’ื•ืจื“ื™ ืฉื—ืงื™ื, ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืจืขื™ืฉื•ืช.
00:21
But when I think about cities,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื,
00:23
I think about people.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
00:25
Cities are fundamentally about people,
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ืขืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ืŸ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
00:29
and where people go
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ื•ืœืืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื
00:31
and where people meet
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ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื
00:32
are at the core of what makes a city work.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืขื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
00:35
So even more important than buildings in a city
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ืื– ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ
00:39
are the public spaces in between them.
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ื”ื ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
00:42
And today, some of the most transformative
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:44
changes in cities
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ื‘ืขืจื™ื
00:46
are happening in these public spaces.
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ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
00:49
So I believe that lively, enjoyable public spaces
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืชื•ืกืกื™ื, ืžื”ื ื™ื
00:53
are the key to planning a great city.
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ื”ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช.
00:56
They are what makes it come alive.
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ื”ื ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื–ื” ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
01:00
But what makes a public space work?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“?
01:03
What attracts people to successful public spaces,
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ืžื” ืžื•ืฉืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื,
01:07
and what is it about unsuccessful places
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ื•ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื
01:09
that keeps people away?
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ืฉืžืจื—ื™ืง ืื ืฉื™ื?
01:12
I thought, if I could answer those questions,
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ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ืฉืื ืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื•,
01:15
I could make a huge contribution to my city.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื™.
01:19
But one of the more wonky things about me
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื™
01:21
is that I am an animal behaviorist,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื,
01:25
and I use those skills not to study animal behavior
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืœื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
01:29
but to study how people in cities
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ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื
01:31
use city public spaces.
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
01:34
One of the first spaces that I studied
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ืœืœื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™
01:37
was this little vest pocket park called Paley Park
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ื”ื™ื” ืคืืจืง ื›ื™ืก ื”ืืคื•ื“ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืคื™ืœื™ื™ ืคืืจืง
01:40
in midtown Manhattan.
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ.
01:43
This little space became a small phenomenon,
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ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœืชื•ืคืขื” ืงื˜ื ื”,
01:47
and because it had such a profound impact
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ื•ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขืžื•ืงื”
01:50
on New Yorkers,
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ืขืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืงืจื™ื,
01:51
it made an enormous impression on me.
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ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืขืœื™ื™ ืจื•ืฉื ืขืฆื•ื.
01:55
I studied this park very early on in my career
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™
01:58
because it happened to have been built
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื ื‘ื ื”
01:59
by my stepfather,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’,
02:01
so I knew that places like Paley Park
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ืื– ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืคื™ื™ืœื™ ืคืืจืง
02:04
didn't happen by accident.
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ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช.
02:06
I saw firsthand that they required
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื
02:09
incredible dedication
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ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”
02:10
and enormous attention to detail.
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ื•ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื.
02:13
But what was it about this space
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”
02:15
that made it special and drew people to it?
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ืฉืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืฉืš ืืœื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื?
02:19
Well, I would sit in the park and watch very carefully,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืืจืง ื•ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื”,
02:21
and first among other things
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ื•ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ
02:23
were the comfortable, movable chairs.
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ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ืกืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื—ื™ื, ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื–ื™ื–ื.
02:26
People would come in, find their own seat,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื, ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื ืฉืœื”ื
02:29
move it a bit, actually, and then stay a while,
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ืžื–ื™ื–ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืงืฆืช ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื•ืื– ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืงืฆืช
02:32
and then interestingly,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
02:34
people themselves attracted other people,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืžืฉื›ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
02:37
and ironically, I felt more peaceful
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™, ืื ื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื•ื•ื”
02:40
if there were other people around.
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ืื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘.
02:42
And it was green.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืง.
02:44
This little park provided what New Yorkers crave:
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ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืกื™ืคืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืงืจื™ื ื”ืฉืชื•ืงืงื• ืœื•:
02:48
comfort and greenery.
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ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืง.
02:50
But my question was,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื”,
02:52
why weren't there more places with greenery
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ืœืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื ื™ืจืง
02:55
and places to sit in the middle of the city
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ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ
02:57
where you didn't feel alone,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ืœื‘ื“,
03:00
or like a trespasser?
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ืื• ื›ืžื• ืžืกื™ื’ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ?
03:02
Unfortunately, that's not how cities
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื–ื” ืœื ืื™ืš ืฉืขืจื™ื
03:05
were being designed.
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ืชื•ื›ื ื ื•.
03:07
So here you see a familiar sight.
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืจืื” ืžื•ื›ืจ.
03:10
This is how plazas have been designed for generations.
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ื›ืš ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.
03:15
They have that stylish, Spartan look
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืจืื” ืžืกื•ื’ื ืŸ, ืกืคืจื˜ื ื™
03:18
that we often associate with modern architecture,
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ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื• ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช,
03:21
but it's not surprising that people
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉืื ืฉื™ื
03:24
avoid spaces like this.
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ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
03:26
They not only look desolate,
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ื”ื ืœื ืจืง ื ืจืื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืฉื™ื,
03:28
they feel downright dangerous.
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ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื.
03:30
I mean, where would you sit here?
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืคื”?
03:34
What would you do here?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืคื”?
03:36
But architects love them.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื.
03:40
They are plinths for their creations.
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ื”ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื.
03:43
They might tolerate a sculpture or two,
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ื”ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืคืกืœ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื,
03:45
but that's about it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืขืจืš.
03:47
And for developers, they are ideal.
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืคืชื—ื™ื, ื”ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื™ื.
03:50
There's nothing to water, nothing to maintain,
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœืชื—ื–ืง,
03:52
and no undesirable people to worry about.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื.
03:56
But don't you think this is a waste?
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื–?
04:00
For me, becoming a city planner
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืชื›ื ื ืช ืขืจื™ื
04:02
meant being able to truly change the city
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ืืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ื‘ืืžืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ
04:05
that I lived in and loved.
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืชื”.
04:07
I wanted to be able to create places
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
04:10
that would give you the feeling that you got
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ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ
04:12
in Paley Park,
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ื‘ืคืืจืง ืคื™ื™ืœื™,
04:13
and not allow developers to build bleak plazas like this.
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ื•ืœื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืขื’ื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ื•.
04:18
But over the many years,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช,
04:19
I have learned how hard it is
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ื–ื”
04:22
to create successful, meaningful,
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื
04:25
enjoyable public spaces.
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ื•ืžื”ื ื™ื.
04:27
As I learned from my stepfather,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžืื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’,
04:28
they certainly do not happen by accident,
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ื”ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช,
04:30
especially in a city like New York,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื›ืžื• ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
04:33
where public space has to be fought for to begin with,
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ืฉื‘ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขืœื™ื• ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”,
04:37
and then for them to be successful,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื,
04:39
somebody has to think very hard
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“
04:41
about every detail.
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜.
04:43
Now, open spaces in cities are opportunities.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช.
04:47
Yes, they are opportunities for commercial investment,
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช,
04:50
but they are also opportunities for the common good
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ
04:54
of the city,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ,
04:56
and those two goals are often not aligned with one another,
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ื•ืฉืชื™ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืžื™ื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืื—ืช ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
04:59
and therein lies the conflict.
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ื•ืฉื ืžื•ื ื— ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜.
05:02
The first opportunity I had to fight
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ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืœื—ื
05:05
for a great public open space was in the early 1980s,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื˜ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืคืชื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื,
05:08
when I was leading a team of planners
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื
05:10
at a gigantic landfill called Battery Park City
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ื‘ืžื–ื‘ืœื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื” ื‘ืื˜ืจื™ ืคืืจืง ืกื™ื˜ื™
05:13
in lower Manhattan on the Hudson River.
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ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ ืขืœ ื ื”ืจ ื”ื”ื“ืกื•ืŸ.
05:16
And this sandy wasteland had lain barren
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ื•ืฉืžืžื” ื—ื•ืœื™ืช ื–ื• ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืขืงืจื”
05:19
for 10 years,
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ืœ 10 ืฉื ื™ื,
05:20
and we were told, unless we found a developer
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ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื ื•, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืžืคืชื—
05:23
in six months, it would go bankrupt.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืชืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจื’ืœ.
05:25
So we came up with a radical,
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ืื– ื‘ืื ื• ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™,
05:27
almost insane idea.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ.
05:29
Instead of building a park
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืคืืจืง
05:31
as a complement to future development,
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ื›ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขืชื™ื“ื™,
05:34
why don't we reverse that equation
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ืœืžื” ืœื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ื–ืืช
05:36
and build a small but very high-quality
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ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืคืชื•ื—
05:39
public open space first,
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™,
05:41
and see if that made a difference.
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื–ื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ.
05:44
So we only could afford to build a two-block section
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ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืจืง ืงื˜ืข ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื
05:48
of what would become a mile-long esplanade,
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ื‘ืื•ืจืš 1.6 ืง"ืž,
05:51
so whatever we built had to be perfect.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœื.
05:54
So just to make sure, I insisted
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ืื– ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื, ืื ื™ ื”ืชืขืงืฉืชื™
05:57
that we build a mock-up
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ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื“ื’ื
05:59
in wood, at scale, of the railing and the sea wall.
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ืžืขืฅ, ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื”, ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืงื” ื•ืงื™ืจ ื”ื™ื.
06:03
And when I sat down on that test bench
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ืกืคืกืœ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ
06:06
with sand still swirling all around me,
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ืขื ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืชื—ืจืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™,
06:09
the railing hit exactly at eye level,
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ื”ืžืขืงื” ืคื’ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื,
06:12
blocking my view and ruining my experience
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ื—ื•ืกื ืืช ืฉื“ื” ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ื”ืจืก ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื™
06:15
at the water's edge.
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ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ืžื™ื.
06:18
So you see, details really do make a difference.
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ืื– ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ.
06:21
But design is not just how something looks,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืื™ืš ืžืฉื”ื• ื ืจืื”,
06:25
it's how your body feels on that seat in that space,
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ื–ื” ืื™ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
06:31
and I believe that successful design always depends
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืœื•ื™
06:34
on that very individual experience.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืื™ื ื“ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
06:37
In this photo, everything looks very finished,
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ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื”ื›ืœ ื ืจืื” ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืžื•ืจ,
06:42
but that granite edge, those lights,
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ืื‘ืœ ืงืฆื” ื”ื’ืจื ื™ื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืžื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
06:44
the back on that bench,
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ื”ืžืฉืขื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืกืœ ื”ื–ื”,
06:46
the trees in planting,
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ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ืœื”,
06:48
and the many different kinds of places to sit
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ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
06:51
were all little battles that turned this project
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ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”
06:54
into a place that people wanted to be.
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ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•.
06:58
Now, this proved very valuable 20 years later
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ื”ื•ื›ื— ื›ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš 20 ืฉื ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:02
when Michael Bloomberg asked me to be
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ื›ืฉืžื™ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืœื•ืžื‘ืจื’ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
07:04
his planning commissioner
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ื ืฆื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•
07:05
and put me in charge of shaping
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ื•ืฉื ืื•ืชื™ ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืขืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื”
07:07
the entire city of New York.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
07:09
And he said to me on that very day,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื,
07:11
he said that New York was projected
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื”
07:13
to grow from eight to nine million people.
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ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืžืฉืžื•ื ื” ืœืชืฉืขื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
07:16
And he asked me,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™,
07:18
"So where are you going to put
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"ืื– ืื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืฉื™ื
07:20
one million additional New Yorkers?"
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ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืงืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื?"
07:22
Well, I didn't have any idea.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
07:25
Now, you know that New York does
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง
07:28
place a high value on attracting immigrants,
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ืžืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื›ืขืจืš ื’ื‘ื•ื”,
07:31
so we were excited about the prospect of growth,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”,
07:34
but honestly, where were we going to grow
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ืœืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฆืžื•ื—
07:37
in a city that was already built out to its edges
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ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื‘ื ืชื” ืขื“ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”
07:40
and surrounded by water?
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ื•ืžื•ืงืคืช ื‘ืžื™ื?
07:43
How were we going to find housing
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ื™ื•ืจ
07:44
for that many new New Yorkers?
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ืœื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืงืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื?
07:47
And if we couldn't spread out,
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ื•ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
07:49
which was probably a good thing,
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ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘,
07:50
where could new housing go?
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ?
07:53
And what about cars?
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ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช?
07:55
Our city couldn't possibly handle any more cars.
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืขื•ื“ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
07:59
So what were we going to do?
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืžื“ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
08:02
If we couldn't spread out, we had to go up.
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ืื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื”.
08:06
And if we had to go up,
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ื•ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื”,
08:07
we had to go up in places
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
08:09
where you wouldn't need to own a car.
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ืฉืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื›ื.
08:11
So that meant using one of our greatest assets:
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ืื– ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•:
08:13
our transit system.
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
08:16
But we had never before thought
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•
08:17
of how we could make the most of it.
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ ืžืžื ื”.
08:20
So here was the answer to our puzzle.
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
08:23
If we were to channel and redirect
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืชืขืœื™ื ื•ืžืคื ื™ื
08:27
all new development around transit,
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ื›ืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”,
08:29
we could actually handle that population increase,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”,
08:32
we thought.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•.
08:34
And so here was the plan,
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ืื– ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช,
08:36
what we really needed to do:
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช:
08:38
We needed to redo our zoning --
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืจ (ืชื‘"ืข) ื—ื“ืฉื” --
08:41
and zoning is the city planner's regulatory tool --
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ื•ืชื‘"ืข ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืขืจื™ื -
08:44
and basically reshape the entire city,
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื•ืœื”,
08:47
targeting where new development could go
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ืœืžืงื“ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉ
08:50
and prohibiting any development at all
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ื•ืœืืกื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ
08:52
in our car-oriented,
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ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
08:54
suburban-style neighborhoods.
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ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืคืจื‘ืจื™.
08:56
Well, this was an unbelievably ambitious idea,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืชื ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืืžืŸ,
08:59
ambitious because communities
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ืฉืืคืชื ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช
09:02
had to approve those plans.
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ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
09:06
So how was I going to get this done?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื–ืืช?
09:09
By listening. So I began listening,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืฉื‘ื”. ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘.
09:12
in fact, thousands of hours of listening
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืœืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื ื”
09:15
just to establish trust.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืกืก ืืžื•ืŸ.
09:17
You know, communities can tell
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“
09:19
whether or not you understand their neighborhoods.
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ืื ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื• ืœื ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
09:21
It's not something you can just fake.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื–ื™ื™ืฃ.
09:24
And so I began walking.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœื›ืช.
09:27
I can't tell you how many blocks I walked,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœื›ืชื™,
09:29
in sweltering summers, in freezing winters,
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ื‘ืงื™ื™ืฆื™ื ืœื•ื”ื˜ื™ื, ื‘ื—ื•ืจืคื™ื ืžืงืคื™ืื™ื,
09:32
year after year,
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ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื”,
09:34
just so I could get to understand
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ืจืง ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
09:36
the DNA of each neighborhood
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ืืช ื”ื“ื™.ืื .ืื™ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื”
09:38
and know what each street felt like.
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ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ.
09:41
I became an incredibly geeky zoning expert,
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ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœื—ื ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื,
09:45
finding ways that zoning could address
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ืžื•ืฆืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื‘"ืข ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก
09:47
communities' concerns.
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ืœื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช
09:49
So little by little, neighborhood by neighborhood,
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ืื– ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜, ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื›ื•ื ื”,
09:51
block by block,
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ื‘ืœื•ืง ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ืœื•ืง,
09:53
we began to set height limits
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ื‘ื”
09:55
so that all new development
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉ
09:56
would be predictable and near transit.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ ื•ืœื™ื“ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.
10:00
Over the course of 12 years,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 12 ืฉื ื™ื,
10:02
we were able to rezone
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
10:04
124 neighborhoods,
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124 ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
10:07
40 percent of the city,
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40 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืขื™ืจ,
10:09
12,500 blocks, so that now,
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12,500 ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
10:14
90 percent of all new development of New York
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90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง
10:17
is within a 10-minute walk of a subway.
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ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 10 ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืžื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช.
10:20
In other words, nobody in those new buildings
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”
10:23
needs to own a car.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื•.
10:24
Well, those rezonings were exhausting
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชื™ืฉื”
10:29
and enervating and important,
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ื•ืกื•ื—ื˜ืช ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”,
10:32
but rezoning was never my mission.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื‘"ืข ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื™.
10:34
You can't see zoning and you can't feel zoning.
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ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืชื‘"ืข ื•ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘"ืข.
10:38
My mission was always to create
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
10:40
great public spaces.
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ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื.
10:42
So in the areas where we zoned for significant development,
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ืื– ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื™ื™ืขื“ื ื• ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช,
10:45
I was determined to create places
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื—ื•ืฉื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
10:48
that would make a difference in people's lives.
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ืฉื™ื™ืขืฉื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื.
10:50
Here you see what was
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ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”
10:52
two miles of abandoned, degraded waterfront
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ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื ื˜ื•ืฉ, ืขื–ื•ื‘
10:55
in the neighborhoods of Greenpoint
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ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืจื™ื ืคื•ื™ื™ื ื˜
10:57
and Williamsburg in Brooklyn,
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ื•ื•ื™ืœืืžืกื‘ื•ืจื’ ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ,
10:58
impossible to get to and impossible to use.
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ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
11:02
Now the zoning here was massive,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืชื‘"ืข ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช,
11:04
so I felt an obligation to create
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
11:08
magnificent parks on these waterfronts,
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ืคืืจืงื™ื ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืืœื”,
11:11
and I spent an incredible amount of time
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ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื›ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ
11:13
on every square inch of these plans.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”.
11:16
I wanted to make sure that there were
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื
11:18
tree-lined paths from the upland to the water,
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ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืขื˜ื•ืจื™ ืขืฆื™ื ืžื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ืœืžื™ื,
11:21
that there were trees and plantings everywhere,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืฆื™ื ื•ืฆืžื—ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
11:23
and, of course, lots and lots of places to sit.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช.
11:28
Honestly, I had no idea how it would turn out.
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ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ืฆื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ.
11:31
I had to have faith.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืืžื•ื ื”.
11:33
But I put everything that I had studied and learned
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืžืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™
11:36
into those plans.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
11:37
And then it opened,
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ื•ืื– ื–ื” ื ืคืชื—,
11:39
and I have to tell you, it was incredible.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
11:42
People came from all over the city
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ
11:44
to be in these parks.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืืจืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
11:46
I know they changed the lives of the people who live there,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื• ืฉื,
11:49
but they also changed New Yorkers' whole image
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืงืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™
11:52
of their city.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
11:54
I often come down and watch people
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื•ืจื•ืื” ืื ืฉื™ื
11:55
get on this little ferry
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ืขื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช
11:57
that now runs between the boroughs,
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ืฉืคื•ืขืœืช ื›ืขืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ืขื™ื,
11:59
and I can't tell you why,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ืžื“ื•ืข,
12:00
but I'm completely moved
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื ืจื’ืฉืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
12:02
by the fact that people are using it
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ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื”
12:04
as if it had always been there.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื.
12:06
And here is a new park in lower Manhattan.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืคืืจืง ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ.
12:09
Now, the water's edge in lower Manhattan
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉืคืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ
12:12
was a complete mess before 9/11.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœื’ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœืคื ื™ 9/11.
12:15
Wall Street was essentially landlocked
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ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ืงืฃ ื›ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ืžื”
12:17
because you couldn't get anywhere near this edge.
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ื›ื™ ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ื–ื”.
12:20
And after 9/11, the city had very little control.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ 9/11, ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
12:23
But I thought if we went
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื ื ืœืš
12:25
to the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation
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ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”
12:27
and got money to reclaim this two miles
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ื•ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื
12:30
of degraded waterfront
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ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื–ื ื—
12:32
that it would have an enormous effect
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ืื– ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื–ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”
12:34
on the rebuilding of lower Manhattan.
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ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ.
12:36
And it did.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื”.
12:37
Lower Manhattan finally has a public waterfront
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ืœื“ืจื•ื ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืฃ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™
12:41
on all three sides.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
12:43
I really love this park.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ื–ื”.
12:45
You know, railings have to be higher now,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืžืขืงื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
12:47
so we put bar seating at the edge,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืกืื•ืช ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืฆื”,
12:50
and you can get so close to the water
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืžื™ื
12:52
you're practically on it.
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ืฉืืชื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืœื™ื”ื.
12:54
And see how the railing widens
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ื•ืชืจืื• ืื™ืš ื”ืžืขืงื” ืžืชืจื—ื‘
12:56
and flattens out so you can lay down
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ื•ืžืฉืชื˜ื—, ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช
12:57
your lunch or your laptop.
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ืืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืื• ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœื›ื.
12:59
And I love when people come there
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉื
13:01
and look up and they say,
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ื•ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืขืœื” ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
13:03
"Wow, there's Brooklyn, and it's so close."
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"ื•ื•ืื•, ื”ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืจื•ื‘ื”."
13:07
So what's the trick?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ื˜ืจื™ืง?
13:09
How do you turn a park
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ืื™ืš ืืชื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืคืืจืง
13:11
into a place that people want to be?
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ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•?
13:14
Well, it's up to you,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื,
13:17
not as a city planner but as a human being.
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ืœื ื›ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ืขื™ืจ ืืœื” ื›ืื ืฉื™ื.
13:20
You don't tap into your design expertise.
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ืืชื ืœื ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืชื›ื ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
13:24
You tap into your humanity.
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ืืชื ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืชื›ื.
13:27
I mean, would you want to go there?
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฉื?
13:31
Would you want to stay there?
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืืจ ืฉื?
13:33
Can you see into it and out of it?
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื ื™ืžื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžืฉื?
13:35
Are there other people there?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉื ื ืขื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื?
13:37
Does it seem green and friendly?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื™ืจื•ืง ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™?
13:40
Can you find your very own seat?
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ื”ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉืœื›ื?
13:43
Well now, all over New York City,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
13:46
there are places where you can
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ื™ืฉื ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
13:47
find your very own seat.
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉืœื›ื.
13:49
Where there used to be parking spaces,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื—ื ื™ื™ื”,
13:52
there are now pop-up cafes.
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ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืชื™ ืงืคื”.
13:54
Where Broadway traffic used to run,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื‘ืจื•ื“ื•ื•ื™,
13:56
there are now tables and chairs.
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ื™ืฉื ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ืกืื•ืช.
13:58
Where 12 years ago, sidewalk cafes were not allowed,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืœืคื ื™ 12 ืฉื ื™ื, ืžื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืงืคื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื,
14:02
they are now everywhere.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
14:04
But claiming these spaces for public use
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
14:07
was not simple,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜,
14:08
and it's even harder to keep them that way.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
14:10
So now I'm going to tell you a story
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
14:12
about a very unusual park called the High Line.
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ืขืœ ืคืืจืง ืœื ืฉื™ื’ืจืชื™ ืฉื ืงืจื "ื”ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ืŸ".
14:16
The High Line was an elevated railway.
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ื”ื”ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื™ืœืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ื”ืช.
14:18
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:25
The High Line was an elevated railway
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ื”ื”ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื™ืœืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ื”ืช.
14:27
that ran through three neighborhoods
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ืฉื ืกืขื” ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช
14:29
on Manhattan's West Side,
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ,
14:31
and when the train stopped running,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ,
14:33
it became a self-seeded landscape,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื ื•ืฃ ื‘ื–ืจื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช,
14:35
a kind of a garden in the sky.
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
14:38
And when I saw it the first time,
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ื•ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
14:40
honestly, when I went up on that old viaduct,
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ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ื›ืฉืขืœื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ,
14:42
I fell in love the way you fall in love with a person,
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ื”ืชืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืชืื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื,
14:45
honestly.
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ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช.
14:46
And when I was appointed,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืชืžื ื™ืชื™,
14:48
saving the first two sections of the High Line
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ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ืŸ
14:51
from demolition became my first priority
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ืžื”ืจื™ืกื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™
14:54
and my most important project.
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ื•ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื™.
14:57
I knew if there was a day that I didn't
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ืื ื™ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื
15:00
worry about the High Line, it would come down.
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ืื“ืื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ืจืก.
15:03
And the High Line,
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ื•ื”ื”ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ืŸ,
15:05
even though it is widely known now
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื—ื‘ืจื”
15:08
and phenomenally popular,
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ื•ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืœื”ื“ื”ื™ื,
15:10
it is the most contested public space in the city.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ.
15:14
You might see a beautiful park,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืคืืจืง ื™ืคื”,
15:16
but not everyone does.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื.
15:19
You know, it's true, commercial interests
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื–ืืช ืืžืช, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื
15:22
will always battle against public space.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืงืจืื• ืชื™ื’ืจ ื ื’ื“ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.
15:25
You might say,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
15:27
"How wonderful it is that more than
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"ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื ืคืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ
15:28
four million people come from all over the world
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ืž-4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
15:31
to visit the High Line."
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ืŸ."
15:32
Well, a developer sees just one thing: customers.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ื–ื ืจื•ืื” ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“: ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช.
15:37
Hey, why not take out those plantings
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ื”ื™ื™, ืœืžื” ืœื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช
15:40
and have shops all along the High Line?
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ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ืŸ?
15:42
Wouldn't that be terrific
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”
15:43
and won't it mean a lot more money for the city?
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ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืœืขื™ืจ?
15:46
Well no, it would not be terrific.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื, ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”.
15:48
It would be a mall, and not a park.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืคืืจืง.
15:51
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:59
And you know what, it might mean
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”, ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ
16:00
more money for the city,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ,
16:03
but a city has to take the long view,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื™ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“,
16:07
the view for the common good.
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ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.
16:10
Most recently, the last section of the High Line,
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ืŸ,
16:13
the third section of the High Line,
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ืŸ,
16:15
the final section of the High Line,
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ืŸ,
16:16
has been pitted against development interests,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืœื—ื ื ื’ื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืคืชื—ื™ื,
16:19
where some of the city's leading developers
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ
16:22
are building more than 17 million square feet
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ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 1.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื˜ืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื
16:24
at the Hudson Yards.
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ื‘ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื“ืกื•ืŸ.
16:27
And they came to me and proposed
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืื• ืืœื™ ื•ื”ืฆื™ืขื•
16:28
that they "temporarily disassemble"
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ืฉื”ื "ื™ืคืจืงื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™"
16:31
that third and final section.
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ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
16:34
Perhaps the High Line didn't fit in
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชืื™ื ืœื”ื
16:36
with their image of a gleaming city of skyscrapers
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ืœืชื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ ื’ื•ืจื“ื™ ืฉื—ืงื™ื ื ื•ืฆืฆืช
16:39
on a hill.
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ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืขื”.
16:41
Perhaps it was just in their way.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขืžื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื”ื.
16:43
But in any case, it took nine months
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื–ื” ืœืงื— ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
16:46
of nonstop daily negotiation
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื™ื•ืžื™ ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื”
16:48
to finally get the signed agreement
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื—ืชื•ื
16:50
to prohibit its demolition,
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ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื™ืกืชื•,
16:52
and that was only two years ago.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื.
16:56
So you see, no matter how popular
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ืื– ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืืจื™
16:59
and successful a public space may be,
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ื•ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
17:01
it can never be taken for granted.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•.
17:04
Public spaces always -- this is it saved --
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ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ -- ื–ื”ื• ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ืจ --
17:06
public spaces always need vigilant champions,
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ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื•ืคื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ,
17:10
not only to claim them at the outset for public use,
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ืœื ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
17:14
but to design them for the people that use them,
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ืืœื ืœืขืฆื‘ ืื•ืชื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื,
17:17
then to maintain them to ensure
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ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—
17:19
that they are for everyone,
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ืฉื”ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื,
17:21
that they are not violated, invaded,
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื, ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื,
17:24
abandoned or ignored.
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ื ื ื˜ืฉื™ื ืื• ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžื”ื.
17:26
If there is any one lesson
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ
17:28
that I have learned in my life as a city planner,
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ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื›ืžืชื›ื ื ืช ืขืจื™ื,
17:31
it is that public spaces have power.
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ื–ื” ืฉืœืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื›ื—.
17:35
It's not just the number of people using them,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื,
17:38
it's the even greater number of people
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ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
17:40
who feel better about their city
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ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื”ื
17:42
just knowing that they are there.
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ืจืง ืžืขืฆื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื ืฉื.
17:45
Public space can change how you live in a city,
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ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ,
17:49
how you feel about a city,
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ืื™ืš ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขื ืขื™ืจ,
17:51
whether you choose one city over another,
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ืื ืืชื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืื—ืจืช,
17:54
and public space is one of the most important reasons
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ื•ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
17:57
why you stay in a city.
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ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœืŸ ืืชื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ.
18:00
I believe that a successful city
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช
18:03
is like a fabulous party.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช.
18:05
People stay because they are having a great time.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ื ื”ื ื™ื.
18:09
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
18:11
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
18:17
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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