Why noise is bad for your health -- and what you can do about it | Mathias Basner

156,872 views ใƒป 2019-02-26

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael RAMON ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Roni Weisman
00:17
Do you hear that?
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ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
00:21
Do you know what that is?
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ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื–ื”?
00:25
Silence.
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ืฉืงื˜.
00:26
The sound of silence.
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ืฆืœื™ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงื˜.
00:29
Simon and Garfunkel wrote a song about it.
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ืกื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื’ืจืคื•ื ืงืœ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื™ืจ.
00:32
But silence is a pretty rare commodity these days,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืงื˜ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืจืš ื ื“ื™ืจ ืœืžื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
00:35
and we're all paying a price for it in terms of our health --
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื• --
00:39
a surprisingly big price, as it turns out.
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ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืกืชื‘ืจ.
00:42
Luckily, there are things we can do right now,
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ืœืžื–ืœื ื•, ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
00:46
both individually and as a society,
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ื”ืŸ ื›ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ื—ื‘ืจื”,
00:49
to better protect our health
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•
00:51
and give us more of the benefits of the sounds of silence.
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ื•ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืœื™ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงื˜.
00:56
I assume that most of you know that too much noise is bad for your hearing.
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืจื•ื‘ื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืฉืจืขืฉ ืžื–ื™ืง ืœืฉืžื™ืขื”.
01:00
Whenever you leave a concert or a bar and you have that ringing in your ears,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ ืื• ืžืคืื‘ ื•ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืœืฆื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื,
01:04
you can be certain that you have done some damage to your hearing,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื’ืจืžืชื ื ื–ืง ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืœืฉืžื™ืขืชื›ื,
01:07
likely permanent.
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ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื–ืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืคื™ืš.
01:09
And that's very important.
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“.
01:11
However, noise affects our health in many different ways beyond hearing.
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ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื”ืจืขืฉ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื”.
01:17
They're less well-known,
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ื”ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช,
01:18
but they're just as dangerous as the auditory effects.
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ืื•ืœื ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื”.
01:23
So what do we mean when we talk about noise?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืจืขืฉ?
01:26
Well, noise is defined as unwanted sound,
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ืจืขืฉ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืฆืœื™ืœ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืฆื•ื™,
01:29
and as such, both has a physical component, the sound,
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ื•ื›ื›ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื ื™ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืคื™ื–ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ,
01:33
and a psychological component,
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ื•ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™,
01:35
the circumstances that make the sound unwanted.
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ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืฆืœื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืฆื•ื™.
01:38
A very good example is a rock concert.
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื“ ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ ืจื•ืง.
01:40
A person attending the rock concert, being exposed to 100 decibels,
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ืื“ื ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ ืจื•ืง, ื•ื ื—ืฉืฃ ืœืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ 100 ื“ืฆื™ื‘ืœ,
01:45
does not think of the music as noise.
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ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื›ืืœ ืจืขืฉ.
01:48
This person likes the band, and even paid a hundred dollars for the ticket,
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ืื“ื ื–ื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืœื”ืงื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืœื ืžืื” ื“ื•ืœืจ ืชืžื•ืจืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื›ื ื™ืกื”,
01:52
so no matter how loud the music, this person doesn't think of it as noise.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื™ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื” ื›ืืœ ืจืขืฉ.
01:56
In contrast, think of a person living three blocks away from the concert hall.
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืš, ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืื“ื ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ื™ื.
02:01
That person is trying to read a book,
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ืื“ื ื–ื” ืžื ืกื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืกืคืจ,
02:04
but cannot concentrate because of the music.
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ืื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”.
02:07
And although the sound pressure levels are much lower in this situation,
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ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืจืžื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”,
02:10
this person still thinks of the music as noise,
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ืื“ื ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื›ืืœ ืจืขืฉ,
02:13
and it may trigger reactions that can, in the long run, have health consequences.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”,
ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
02:21
So why are quiet spaces so important?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื?
02:24
Because noise affects our health in so many ways beyond hearing.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจืขืฉ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื”.
02:29
However, it's becoming increasingly difficult to find quiet spaces
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ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉืงื˜ื™ื
02:35
in times of constantly increasing traffic,
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ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ืคื— ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข,
02:38
growing urbanization,
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ื•ื‘ื”ื ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ื•ืจ,
02:40
construction sites, air-conditioning units,
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ืืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
02:43
leaf blowers, lawnmowers,
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ืžืคื•ื—ื™ ืขืœื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื, ืžื›ืกื—ื•ืช ื“ืฉื,
02:45
outdoor concerts and bars, personal music players,
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ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืคืื‘ื™ื, ื ื’ื ื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื,
02:48
and your neighbors partying until 3am.
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ื•ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืฉืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืขื“ 3 ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
02:50
Whew!
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ื•ื•ืื•!
02:52
In 2011, the World Health Organization estimated
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 ื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™
02:56
that 1.6 million healthy life years are lost every year
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ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื 1.6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”
03:02
due to exposure to environmental noise
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืจืขืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™
03:04
in the Western European member states alone.
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ื•ื–ืืช ืจืง ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืœื‘ื“ืŸ.
03:09
One important effect of noise is that it disturbs communication.
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ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืจืขืฉ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
03:13
You may have to raise your voice to be understood.
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื”ืจื™ื ืงื•ืœื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื” ืืžืจืชื.
03:15
In extreme cases, you may even have to pause the conversation.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืชื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืจื’ืข ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”.
03:19
It's also more likely to be misunderstood in a noisy environment.
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ื™ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืชื›ื ื›ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืจื•ืขืฉืช.
03:23
These are all likely reasons why studies have found
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ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื
03:27
that children who attend schools in noisy areas
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ื›ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ืขืฉื™ื
03:30
are more likely to lag behind their peers in academic performance.
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ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ืคื’ืจื• ืื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื”ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื™ื.
03:35
Another very important health effect of noise
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ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืจืขืฉ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•
03:38
is the increased risk for cardiovascular disease
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื“ื
03:41
in those who are exposed to relevant noise levels
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ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื• ืœืจืžื•ืช ืจืขืฉ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช
03:44
for prolonged periods of time.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืžืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช.
03:47
Noise is stress,
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ืจืขืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—,
03:48
especially if we have little or no control over it.
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ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืœืœ.
03:51
Our body excretes stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol
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ื’ื•ืคื ื• ืžืคืจื™ืฉ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ืžืชื— ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ
03:55
that lead to changes in the composition of our blood
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ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื“ื
03:58
and in the structure of our blood vessels,
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ื•ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื ื•,
04:01
which have been shown to be stiffer after a single night of noise exposure.
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ืฉื”ื•ื›ื— ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืจืขืฉ.
04:06
Epidemiological studies show associations between the noise exposure
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืืคื™ื“ืžื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืจืขืฉ,
04:10
and an increased risk for high blood pressure,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”,
04:13
heart attacks and stroke,
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ื”ืชืงืคื™ ืœื‘ ื•ืฉื‘ืฅ,
04:15
and although the overall risk increases are relatively small,
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ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ืจืžื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช,
04:19
this still constitutes a major public health problem
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ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
04:22
because noise is so ubiquitous,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืจืขืฉ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
04:25
and so many people are exposed to relevant noise levels.
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ื•ืœื’ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœืจืžื•ืช ืจืขืฉ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
04:29
A recent study found that US society
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ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
04:32
could save 3.9 billion dollars each year
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืกื•ืš 3.9 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”
04:36
by lowering environmental noise exposure by five decibels,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืจืขืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื“ืฆื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
04:40
just by saving costs for treating cardiovascular disease.
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ืจืง ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื“ื.
04:45
There are other diseases like cancer, diabetes and obesity
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ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกืจื˜ืŸ, ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืื• ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ
04:48
that have been linked to noise exposure,
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ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ืืฃ ื”ืŸ ื›ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืจืขืฉ,
04:51
but we do not have enough evidence yet
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืจืื™ื•ืช,
04:53
to, in fact, conclude that these diseases are caused by the noise.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืฉื”ืŸ ืื›ืŸ ื ื’ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืจืขืฉ.
04:59
Yet another important effect of noise is sleep disturbance.
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ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืจืขืฉ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”.
05:02
Sleep is a very active mechanism that recuperates us
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ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•
05:05
and prepares us for the next wake period.
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ื•ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื”.
05:08
A quiet bedroom is a cornerstone of what sleep researchers call
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ื—ื“ืจ ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืงื˜ ื”ื•ื ืื‘ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœืžื” ืฉื—ื•ืงืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžื›ื ื™ื
05:12
"a good sleep hygiene."
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"ื”ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”".
05:14
And our auditory system has a watchman function.
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ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ืจื”.
05:17
It's constantly monitoring our environment for threats,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื ื˜ืจืช ื‘ืœื ื”ืจืฃ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืกื›ื ื•ืช,
ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ืฉื ื™ื.
05:21
even while we're sleeping.
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืจืขืฉ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ืจื“ื,
05:23
So noise in the bedroom can cause a delay in the time it takes us to fall asleep,
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05:28
it can wake us up during the night,
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ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื”,
ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืจื“ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืœื™ืœื”.
05:31
and it can prevent our blood pressure from going down during the night.
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ืฉืื ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืืœื•, ื”ื ื’ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืจืขืฉ,
05:35
We have the hypothesis that if these noise-induced sleep disturbances
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05:38
continue for months and years,
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ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื,
05:40
then an increased risk for cardiovascular disease is likely the consequence.
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ืงื™ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื“ื.
ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืืœื• ื”ื ื’ืจืžื•ืช ืขืงื‘ ืจืขืฉ,
05:46
However, we are often not aware of these noise-induced sleep disturbances,
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05:50
because we are unconscious while we're sleeping.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื ื• ืื™ื ื” ืคืขื™ืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ืฉื ื™ื.
ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืจืขืฉื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”,
05:53
In the past, we've done studies on the effects of traffic noise on sleep,
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืืžืจื•,
05:57
and research subjects would often wake up in the morning and say,
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"ืื”ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืœื™ืœื” ื ื”ื“ืจ, ื ืจื“ืžืชื™ ืžื™ื“,
06:00
"Ah, I had a wonderful night, I fell asleep right away,
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ืœื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจืชื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”".
06:02
never really woke up."
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06:04
When we would go back to the physiological signals
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืงืœื˜ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืœื™ืœื”,
06:07
we had recorded during the night,
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
06:09
we would often see numerous awakenings
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06:11
and a severely fragmented sleep structure.
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ื•ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ื˜ืข ืžืื“.
06:14
These awakenings were too brief for the subjects to regain consciousness
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ื”ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืงืฆืจื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื›ืจื”
ื•ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืžื—ืจืช.
06:20
and to remember them during the next morning,
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06:23
but they may nevertheless have a profound impact
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืžื•ืงื”
06:26
on how restful our sleep is.
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ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื•ื’ืข ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื• ื‘ืฉื ืชื ื•.
ืื– ืžืชื™ ืจืขืฉ ื—ื–ืง ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืง ืžื“ื™?
06:30
So when is loud too loud?
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06:32
A good sign of too loud is once you start changing your behavior.
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ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืจ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืจืขืฉ ื—ื–ืงื” ืžื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ื•.
ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื” ืืžืจื ื•,
06:37
You may have to raise your voice to be understood,
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06:40
or you increase the volume of your TV.
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ืื• ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืฉืžืข ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”.
06:42
You're avoiding outside areas, or you're closing your window.
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ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”, ืื• ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช.
ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืœืžืจืชืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืช,
06:46
You're moving your bedroom to the basement of the house,
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ืื• ืื ืžืชืงื™ื ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืืžืฆืขื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืจืขืฉื™ื.
06:49
or you even have sound insulation installed.
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06:51
Many people will move away to less noisy areas,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืจื•ืขืฉื™ื,
06:55
but obviously not everybody can afford that.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืขืฆืžื•.
ืื– ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจืขืฉ ืฉืœื ื•
06:59
So what can we do right now to improve our sound environment
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07:03
and to better protect our health?
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ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•?
ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืื ืจืขืฉ ื ืฉืžืข ืœื›ื ื—ื–ืง ืžื“ื™, ื”ืชืœื•ื ื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš.
07:06
Well, first of all, if something's too loud, speak up.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื
07:10
For example, many owners of movie theaters
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07:13
seem to think that only people hard of hearing are still going to the movies.
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ืฉืจืง ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืกืจื˜.
ืื ืืชื ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืขืฉ ื•ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืงื•ืจื”,
07:18
If you complain about the noise and nothing happens,
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ื“ื™ืจืฉื• ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื›ืกืคื™ ื•ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื.
07:21
demand a refund and leave.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉืคื” ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ.
07:23
That's the language that managers typically do understand.
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ื’ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขืฉ
07:27
Also, talk to your children about the health effects of noise
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ื•ืฉื”ืื–ื ื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืชื‘ื’ืจื•.
07:30
and that listening to loud music today will have consequences when they're older.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉืงื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช,
07:35
You can also move your bedroom to the quiet side of the house,
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07:38
where your own building shields you from road traffic noise.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื—ื•ืกื ื—ืœืง ืžืจืขืฉื™ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
ืื ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืจื›ื™ืฉื”,
07:42
If you're looking to rent or buy a new place,
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07:44
make low noise a priority.
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ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืจืขืฉ ื ืžื•ืš ืœืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช.
07:46
Visit the property during different times of the day
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ื‘ืงืจื• ื‘ื ื›ืก ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื
07:49
and talk to the neighbors about noise.
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจื• ืขื ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ืงื“ื™ ืจืขืฉ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืขืฉื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื
07:53
You can wear noise-canceling headphones when you're traveling
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ืื• ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื›ื ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืขืฉื™ ืจืงืข.
07:57
or if your office has high background noise levels.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื—ืคืฉื• ื—ืœืœื™ื ืฉืงื˜ื™ื,
08:01
In general, seek out quiet spaces,
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08:03
especially on the weekend or when you're on vacation.
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ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืื• ื›ืฉืืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื”.
ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข.
08:07
Allow your system to wind down.
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ืื ื™ ืขืฆืžื™, ืžื” ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืžืื“ ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื”ื–ื•,
08:10
I, very appropriately for this talk,
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08:12
attended a noise conference in Japan four years ago.
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ื”ืฉืชืชืคืชื™ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ืจืขืฉ ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื.
ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”,
08:16
When I returned to the United States and entered the airport,
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ื”ื™ื›ืชื” ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืžืช ืจืขืฉ.
08:20
a wall of sound hit me.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘
08:22
This tells you that we don't realize anymore
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08:24
the constant degree of noise pollution we're exposed to
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ืœื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืจืขืฉ ืžื–ื”ื ืฉืืœื™ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื
08:27
and how much we could profit from more quiet spaces.
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ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืงื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:32
What else can we do about noise?
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ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืจืขืฉ?
08:34
Well, very much like a carbon footprint, we all have a noise footprint,
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื•ืชืง ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืžืกืžืš, ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืขืฉ,
08:38
and there are things we can do to make that noise footprint smaller.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืขืฉ ืฉืœื ื•.
08:42
For example, don't start mowing your lawn at 7am on a Saturday morning.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ื“ืฉื ื‘ืฉืขื” 7 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช.
08:48
Your neighbors will thank you.
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ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ื• ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื›ืš.
08:50
Or use a rake instead of a leaf blower.
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ืื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื’ืจืคื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžืคื•ื— ืขืœื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื.
08:52
In general, noise reduction at the source makes the most sense,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืจืขืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”,
08:57
so whenever you're looking to buy a new car,
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08:59
air-conditioning unit, blender, you name it,
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ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืžืขืจื‘ืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืชืจืฆื•,
09:02
make low noise a priority.
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืจืžืช ืจืขืฉ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช.
09:04
Many manufacturers will list the noise levels their devices generate,
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ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืจืขืฉ ืฉื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื,
09:08
and some even advertise with them.
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืกื•ืžื™.
09:11
Use that information.
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื”.
ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืชืงื ื•ืช ืจืขืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ื“ื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:14
Many people think that stronger noise regulation and enforcement are good ideas,
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ื”ืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืื•ืœื™ ืืฃ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื,
09:18
even obvious solutions, perhaps,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
09:20
but it's not as easy as you may think,
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09:22
because many of the activities that generate noise
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืจืขืฉ
09:25
also generate revenue.
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ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ื’ื ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช.
09:27
Think about an airport and all the business that is associated with it.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื ืžืœ ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื•.
09:32
Our research tells politicians at what noise level
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื“ืจื’ืช ืจืขืฉ
09:36
they can expect a certain health effect,
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ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื™ื–ื• ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ืช,
09:38
and that helps inform better noise policy.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœืขืฆื‘ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืจืขืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:42
Robert Koch supposedly once said,
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ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืงื•ืš ืืžืจ ืคืขื,
09:44
"One day, mankind will fight noise as relentlessly as cholera and the pest."
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"ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื™ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืจืขืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ื•ืœืจื” ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ".
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
09:51
I think we're there,
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09:52
and I hope that we will win this fight,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื ื ืฆื— ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ื•,
09:54
and when we do, we can all have a nice, quiet celebration.
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ื•ื›ืฉื ื ืฆื—, ื ื•ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืขืจื•ืš ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื ื—ืžื“ื” ื•ืฉืงื˜ื”.
09:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:00
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
10:01
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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