Rory Sutherland: Sweat the small stuff

306,220 views ใƒป 2010-06-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Avshalom Ehrlich ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
Those of you who may remember me from TEDGlobal
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ืœืืœื• ืžื›ื ื”ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืž TEDGlobal,
00:17
remember me asking a few questions
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ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช
00:19
which still preoccupy me.
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ืืฉืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืกื™ืงื•ืช ืื•ืชื™.
00:21
One of them was: Why is it necessary to spend
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื”: ืžื“ื•ืข ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข
00:23
six billion pounds
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ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืคืื•ื ื“
00:25
speeding up the Eurostar train
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ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื•ืจื•ืกื˜ืืจ
00:27
when, for about 10 percent of that money,
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ื›ืืฉืจ, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื› 10 ืื—ื–ื•ื™ื ืžื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื”,
00:29
you could have top supermodels, male and female,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ื•ืช-ืขืœ ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
00:31
serving free Chateau Petrus to all the passengers
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ื™ื’ื™ืฉื• "ืฉืื˜ื• ืคื˜ืจื•ืก" ื—ื™ื ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื
00:34
for the entire duration of the journey?
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”?
00:36
You'd still have five billion left in change,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืืจ ืœืš ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœ 5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“,
00:38
and people would ask for the trains to be slowed down.
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืื˜ื• ืืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืชืŸ.
00:41
Now, you may remember me asking the question as well,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื›ืžื• ื’ื
00:43
a very interesting observation,
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ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช,
00:45
that actually those strange little signs
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
00:47
that actually flash "35" at you,
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ืฉืžื‘ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœืš ืœืžืขืฉื” "35",
00:49
occasionally accompanying a little smiley face
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืžื—ื™ื™ืš
00:51
or a frown,
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ืื• ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ื–ื•ืขืฃ,
00:53
according to whether you're within or outside the speed limit --
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ื›ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืื ืืชื” ืžืขืœ ืื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช --
00:56
those are actually more effective
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ืืœื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:58
at preventing road accidents than speed cameras,
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ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืžื›ืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
01:01
which come with the actual threat
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ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืขื ืื™ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™
01:03
of real punishment.
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ืœืขื•ื ืฉ ืืžื™ืชื™.
01:05
So there seems to be a strange disproportionality at work,
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ืื– ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ื”,
01:08
I think, in many areas of human problem solving,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช
01:11
particularly those which involve human psychology,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืœื• ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
01:14
which is: The tendency
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื”
01:16
of the organization or the institution
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ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ืžื•ืกื“
01:18
is to deploy as much force as possible,
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ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื›ื— ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ --
01:21
as much compulsion as possible,
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ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ,
01:23
whereas actually, the tendency of the person
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื
01:25
is to be almost influenced
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ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืคืข
01:28
in absolute reverse proportion
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
01:30
to the amount of force being applied.
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ืœืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ื›ื— ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ.
01:33
So there seems to be a complete disconnect here.
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ืื– ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื ืชืง ืžื•ื—ืœื˜.
01:35
So what I'm asking for is the creation of a new job title --
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ---
01:37
I'll come to this a little later --
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ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ --
01:39
and perhaps the addition of a new word
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžื™ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
01:41
into the English language.
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ืœืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
01:43
Because it does seem to me that large organizations
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
01:46
including government, which is, of course, the largest organization of all,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช, ืฉื”ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื›ื•ืœื,
01:49
have actually become
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ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžืขืฉื”
01:51
completely disconnected
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ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
01:53
with what actually matters to people.
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ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื.
01:55
Let me give you one example of this.
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืชืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืช ืœื›ืš.
01:57
You may remember this as the AOL-Time Warner merger, okay,
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ืืชื ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช AOL-Time Warner, ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
02:01
heralded at the time as the largest
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ื”ืชืคืจืกืžื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื›ืขื™ืกืงื”
02:03
single deal of all time.
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ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื.
02:05
It may still be, for all I know.
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ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื–ื•, ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื™.
02:07
Now, all of you in this room, in one form or other,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื–ื”, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช,
02:09
are probably customers of one or both
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
02:11
of those organizations that merged.
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ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื• ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ.
02:13
Just interested, did anybody notice anything different
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ืจืง ืžืชื•ืš ืกืงืจื ื•ืช, ื”ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
02:16
as a result of this at all?
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ?
02:18
So unless you happened to be a shareholder
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ืื– ืื ืืชื” ืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื‘ืขืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช
02:20
of one or the other organizations
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ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
02:22
or one of the dealmakers or lawyers involved in the no-doubt lucrative activity,
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ืื• ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืื• ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ืช ืœืœื ืกืคืง,
02:25
you're actually engaging in a huge piece of activity
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ืืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื ืคื— ืขื ืง ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช
02:28
that meant absolutely bugger-all to anybody, okay?
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืžืžืฉ ืฉื•ื-ื›ืœื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื. ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
02:32
By contrast, years of marketing have taught me
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ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ, ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื™
02:34
that if you actually want people to remember you
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ืฉืื ืืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื–ื›ืจื• ืื•ืชืš
02:37
and to appreciate what you do,
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ื•ื™ืขืจื™ื›ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื”,
02:39
the most potent things are actually very, very small.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื”ื ืืœ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
02:42
This is from Virgin Atlantic upper-class,
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ื–ื” ืžื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ืŸ-ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ืง
02:44
it's the cruet salt and pepper set.
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ื–ื” ืกื˜ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ื™ื™ื”-ืคืœืคืœื™ื™ื”
02:46
Quite nice in itself, they're little, sort of, airplane things.
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ื“ื™ ื ื—ืžื“ ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื•; ื”ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
02:49
What's really, really sweet is every single person looking at these things
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ืžื” ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืžืฉ, ืžืžืฉ ื—ืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•
02:52
has exactly the same mischievous thought,
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื”,
02:54
which is, "I reckon I can heist these."
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ืฉื”ื™ื, "ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื".
02:57
However, you pick them up and underneath,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืืชื” ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช,
02:59
actually engraved in the metal, are the words,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ืจื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืชื›ืช, ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื,
03:01
"Stolen from Virgin Atlantic Airways upper-class."
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"ื ื’ื ื‘ ืžื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ืŸ ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ืง"
03:04
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:06
Now, years after
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:08
you remember the strategic question
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ืืชื” ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช
03:10
of whether you're flying in a 777 or an Airbus,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื” ื˜ืก ื‘ 777 ืื• ื‘ืื™ื™ืจื‘ื•ืก,
03:13
you remember those words and that experience.
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ืืชื” ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
03:17
Similarly, this is from a hotel in Stockholm, the Lydmar.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ื–ื” ืžืžืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื˜ื•ืงื”ื•ืœื, ื”"ืœื™ื ื“ืžืจ".
03:19
Has anybody stayed there?
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ื”ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื›ื ืฉื”ื” ืฉื?
03:21
It's the lift, it's a series of buttons in the lift.
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ื–ื• ื”ืžืขืœื™ืช, ื–ื• ืกื™ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขืœื™ืช.
03:24
Nothing unusual about that at all,
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื›ืš,
03:27
except that these are actually not the buttons that take you to an individual floor.
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ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉืืœื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืœืงื•ืžื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช.
03:30
It starts with garage at the bottom, I suppose, appropriately,
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ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—, ื›ื”ืœื›ื”,
03:33
but it doesn't go up garage, grand floor, mezzanine, one, two, three, four.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื•ืžืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื”, ืงื•ืžืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืงื•ืžื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช.
03:36
It actually says garage, funk, rhythm and blues.
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื•ืžืจ ื’ืืจื’' (ื’ื ื—ื ื™ื™ื”), ืคืื ืง, ืจื™ืช'ื ืื ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื–.
03:40
You have a series of buttons. You actually choose your lift music.
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืกื™ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ื. ืืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืขืœื™ืช ืฉืœืš.
03:44
My guess is that the cost of installing this in the lift
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืขืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืงื ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืขืœื™ืช
03:47
in the Lydmar Hotel in Stockholm
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ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ "ืœื™ื ื“ืจืžืŸ" ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื•ืงื”ื•ืœื
03:49
is probably 500 to 1,000 pounds max.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืจืื” 500 ืขื“ 1000 ืคืื•ื ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:52
It's frankly more memorable
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ื–ื” ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:54
than all those millions of hotels we've all stayed at
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ืžื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื
03:57
that tell you that your room has actually been recently renovated
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ืฉืžื™ื™ื“ืขื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืฉื”ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืœืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื•ืคืฅ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
04:00
at a cost of 500,000 dollars,
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ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ 500,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ,
04:02
in order to make it resemble every other hotel room you've ever stayed in
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื•
04:05
in the entire course of your life.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ืš.
04:09
Now, these are trivial marketing examples, I accept.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืœื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื•ื™ืืœื™ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข.
04:12
But I was at a TED event recently and Esther Duflo,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข TED ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ืืกืชืจ ื“ื•ืคืœื•,
04:15
probably one of the leading experts in,
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื
04:17
effectively, the eradication of poverty in the developing world,
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ื‘ืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื™, ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—,
04:19
actually spoke.
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ื”ืจืฆืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื”.
04:21
And she came across a similar example
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืชืงืœื” ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื“ื•ืžื”
04:23
of something that fascinated me
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืจืชืง ืื•ืชื™
04:25
as being something which, in a business context or a government context,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื, ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขืกืงื™ ืื• ืžืžืฉืœืชื™,
04:28
would simply be so trivial a solution
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜
04:30
as to seem embarrassing.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืžื‘ื™ืš.
04:32
It was simply to encourage the inoculation of children
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
04:35
by, not only making it a social event --
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™, ืœื ืจืง ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื• ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ --
04:37
I think good use of behavioral economics in that,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช,
04:39
if you turn up with several other mothers
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ืื ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืขืฆืžืš ืขื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืืžื”ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช
04:41
to have your child inoculated,
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ืฉื—ื™ืกื ื• ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ,
04:43
your sense of confidence is much greater than if you turn up alone.
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ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืขืฆืžืš ืœื‘ื“.
04:46
But secondly, to incentivize that inoculation
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
04:48
by giving a kilo of lentils to everybody who participated.
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืง"ื’ ืขื“ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื.
04:53
It's a tiny, tiny thing.
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ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื–ืขื™ืจ.
04:55
If you're a senior person at UNESCO
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ืื ืืชื” ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ UNESCO
04:58
and someone says, "So what are you doing
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ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ, "ืื– ืžื” ืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
05:00
to eradicate world poverty?"
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™"?
05:02
you're not really confident standing up there
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ืืชื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืชืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืฉื
05:04
saying, "I've got it cracked; it's the lentils," are you?
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ื•ืœื•ืžืจ "ืคื™ืฆื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”. ื–ื” ื”ืขื“ืฉื™ื", ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื?
05:08
Our own sense of self-aggrandizement
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ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืฆืžื”-ืื™ืฉื™ืช
05:10
feels that big important problems
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ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ื• ืฉืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
05:12
need to have big important, and most of all, expensive
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื™ืงืจื™ื
05:15
solutions attached to them.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ.
05:18
And yet, what behavioral economics shows time after time after time
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ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืจืื” ืคืขื ืื—ืจ ืคืขื, ืื—ืจ ืคืขื
05:21
is in human behavioral and behavioral change
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ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™
05:23
there's a very, very strong disproportionality at work,
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
05:26
that actually what changes our behavior
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ื›ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
05:29
and what changes our attitude to things
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื
05:31
is not actually proportionate to the degree
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ื™ืฉืจ ืœืžื™ื“ืช
05:33
of expense entailed,
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ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื”,
05:35
or the degree of force that's applied.
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ืื• ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื›ื— ืฉืžื•ืคืขืœ.
05:38
But everything about institutions
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช
05:40
makes them uncomfortable
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ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช
05:42
with that disproportionality.
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ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื”.
05:44
So what happens in an institution
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืกื“
05:46
is the very person who has the power to solve the problem
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืื“ื ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื— ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
05:49
also has a very, very large budget.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
05:51
And once you have a very, very large budget,
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
05:53
you actually look for expensive things to spend it on.
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ืืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื—ืคืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.
05:57
What is completely lacking is a class of people
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ืžื” ืฉืœื’ืžืจื™ ื—ืกืจ, ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
05:59
who have immense amounts of power, but no money at all.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื— ืขืฆื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืกืฃ ื›ืœืœ.
06:02
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:04
It's those people I'd quite like to create
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ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
06:06
in the world going forward.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฆื•ืขื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
06:08
Now, here's another thing that happens,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ,
06:10
which is what I call sometimes "Terminal 5 syndrome,"
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ืฉื”ื•ื, ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื "ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ืžืกื•ืฃ ื—ืžืฉ" (ืžืกื•ืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืช'ืจื•),
06:12
which is that big, expensive things
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ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืงืจื™ื
06:14
get big, highly-intelligent attention,
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื”
06:17
and they're great, and Terminal 5 is absolutely magnificent,
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ื•ื”ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื, ื•ืžืกื•ืฃ ื—ืžืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืจืฉื™ื,
06:20
until you get down to the small detail, the usability,
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ืขื“ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช,
06:22
which is the signage,
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ืœืžืฉืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื˜,
06:24
which is catastrophic.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืจืื™.
06:26
You come out of "Arrive" at the airport, and you follow
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืื–ื•ืจ "ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืช" ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ
06:28
a big yellow sign that says "Trains" and it's in front of you.
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ืฉืœื˜ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืื•ืžืจ "ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช" ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืžื•ืœืš.
06:31
So you walk for another hundred yards,
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ืื– ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
06:33
expecting perhaps another sign,
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ืžืฆืคื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœืฉืœื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ,
06:35
that might courteously be yellow, in front of you and saying "Trains."
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืจื‘ ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื”ื•ื‘, ืžืžื•ืœืš ื•ื™ืืžืจ "ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช".
06:38
No, no, no, the next one is actually blue, to your left,
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ืœื, ืœื, ืœื, ื”ืฉืœื˜ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ืžืฉืžืืœืš,
06:40
and says "Heathrow Express."
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ื•ืื•ืžืจ "ื”ื™ืช'ืจื• ืืงืกืคืจืก" (ืฉื ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช).
06:42
I mean, it could almost be rather like that scene from the film "Airplane."
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกืฆื™ื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืกืจื˜ "ื˜ื™ืกื” ื ืขื™ืžื”".
06:45
A yellow sign? That's exactly what they'll be expecting.
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ืฉืœื˜ ืฆื”ื•ื‘? ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืฆืคื™ื.
06:48
Actually, what happens in the world increasingly --
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ืจ --
06:50
now, all credit to the British Airport Authority.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื›ืœ ื ื–ืงืฃ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช.
06:52
I spoke about this before,
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
06:54
and a brilliant person got in touch with me and said, "Okay, what can you do?"
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ื•ืื“ื ืžื‘ืจื™ืง ื™ืฆืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืงืฉืจ ื•ืืžืจ, "ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช"?
06:57
So I did come up with five suggestions, which they are actually actioning.
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช, ืฉื”ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืชืกืจื™ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื”.
07:00
One of them also being,
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื’ื,
07:02
although logically it's quite a good idea
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘,
07:04
to have a lift with no up and down button in it,
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ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžืขืœื™ืช ืœืœื ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ "ืขื•ืœื”" ื•"ื™ื•ืจื“",
07:06
if it only serves two floors,
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืจืชืช ืจืง ืฉืชื™ ืงื•ืžื•ืช,
07:08
it's actually bloody terrifying, okay?
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื—ืจื™ื“ ืจืฆื—, ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
07:11
Because when the door closes
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืฉื”ื“ืœืช ื ืกื’ืจืช
07:13
and there's nothing for you to do,
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
07:15
you've actually just stepped into a Hammer film.
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ืืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืชื•ืš ืกืจื˜ ืื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืžืจ (ื”ืžืคื™ืง ืฉืœ ืคืจื ืงื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืจืืงื•ืœื”...).
07:17
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:19
So these questions ... what is happening in the world
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ืื– ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื•... ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
07:21
is the big stuff, actually,
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืœืžืขืฉื”
07:23
is done magnificently well.
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ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืคืœืื”.
07:25
But the small stuff, what you might call the user interface,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืฉืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื”ื ื”ืžืžืฉืง ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ,
07:28
is done spectacularly badly.
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ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืจื•ืขื” ืœื”ืคืœื™ื.
07:30
But also, there seems to be a complete sort of gridlock
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ืื‘ืœ, ื ืจืื” ื’ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืคืืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช
07:33
in terms of solving these small solutions.
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ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
07:36
Because the people who can actually solve them
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื•ืชื
07:38
actually are too powerful and too preoccupied
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ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื•ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ืžื“ื™
07:40
with something they think of as "strategy" to actually solve them.
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ืขื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื›"ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื”" ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืžืช.
07:43
I tried this exercise recently, talking about banking.
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื›ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช.
07:45
They said, "Can we do an advertising campaign?
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ื”ืื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืกืข ืคืจืกื•ื.
07:47
What can we do and encourage more online banking?"
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ืžื” ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช"?
07:50
I said, "It's really, really easy."
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ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, "ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืงืœ".
07:52
I said, "When people login to their online bank
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื ืง ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื
07:54
there are lots and lots of things they'd probably quite like to look at.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื• ื“ื™ ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
07:57
The last thing in the world you ever want to see is your balance."
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš".
08:01
I've got friends who actually
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”
08:03
never use their own bank cash machines
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ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืกืคื•ืžื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœื”ื
08:05
because there's the risk that it might display
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’
08:07
their balance on the screen.
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ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš.
08:09
Why would you willingly expose yourself to bad news?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืชื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš, ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ, ืœื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช?
08:12
Okay, you simply wouldn't.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื.
08:14
I said, "If you make, actually, 'Tell me my balance.'
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ืื ืชืขืฉื•, 'ื”ืฆื’ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™'.
08:16
If you make that an option rather than the default,
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ืื ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ,
08:19
you'll find twice as many people log on to online banking,
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ืชื’ืœื• ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื—ื‘ืจื• ืœื‘ื ืงืื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช.
08:22
and they do it three times as often."
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ".
08:24
Let's face it, most of us -- how many of you
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืจื•ื‘ื ื• -- ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื
08:26
actually check your balance before you remove cash from a cash machine?
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ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ืžื”ื›ืกืคื•ืžื˜?
08:30
And you're pretty rich by the standards of the world at large.
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ื•ืืชื, ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื“ื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
08:33
Now, interesting that no single person does that,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”,
08:35
or at least can admit to being so anal as to do it.
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ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืื ืืœื™ ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
08:39
But what's interesting about that suggestion
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•
08:41
was that, to implement that suggestion wouldn't cost 10 million pounds;
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ืœื ื™ืขืœื” 10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืื•ื ื“;
08:44
it wouldn't involve large amounts of expenditure;
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”;
08:46
it would actually cost about 50 quid.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš 50 ืคืื•ื ื“.
08:48
And yet, it never happens.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื–ื” ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ืœืขื•ืœื.
08:50
Because there's a fundamental disconnect, as I said,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื ืชืง ื™ืกื•ื“ื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™,
08:53
that actually, the people with the power
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ื›ื—
08:55
want to do big expensive things.
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ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืงืจื™ื.
08:57
And there's to some extent a big strategy myth
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ื’ื, ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืžื”, ืžื™ืชื•ืก ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
08:59
that's prevalent in business now.
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ืฉืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
09:01
And if you think about it, it's very, very important
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ื•ืื ืืชื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
09:03
that the strategy myth is maintained.
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ืฉื”ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื ืฉืžืจ.
09:05
Because, if the board of directors convince everybody
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื›ื•ืœื
09:08
that the success of any organization
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ืฉื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ
09:10
is almost entirely dependent on the decisions made by the board of directors,
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ื”ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ,
09:13
it makes the disparity in salaries
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช
09:16
slightly more justifiable
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ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฆื“ืง
09:18
than if you actually acknowledge that quite a lot of the credit for a company's success
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ืื ืืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื–ืงืฃ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช
09:21
might actually lie somewhere else,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื”,
09:23
in small pieces of tactical activity.
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื•ืช.
09:26
But what is happening is that effectively --
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” --
09:28
and the invention of the spreadsheet hasn't helped this;
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ื•ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืœื ืขื–ืจื” ืœื–ื”;
09:30
lots of things haven't helped this --
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ืจื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื–ื” --
09:32
business and government suffers from a kind of physics envy.
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ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ "ืงื™ื ืื” ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”" (ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื“ืขื™)
09:35
It wants the world to be the kind of place where
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื•
09:38
the input and the change are proportionate.
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ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™ื™ื.
09:41
It's a kind of mechanistic world
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ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืžื›ืื ื™ืกื˜ื™
09:43
that we'd all love to live in
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•,
09:45
where, effectively, it sits very nicely on spreadsheets,
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ืฉื”ื•ื, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืคื” ื‘ื’ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื,
09:48
everything is numerically expressible,
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืกืคืจื™,
09:50
and the amount you spend on something is proportionate
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ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”
09:53
to the scale of your success.
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ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœืš.
09:55
That's the world people actually want.
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ื–ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
09:57
In truth, we do live in a world that science can understand.
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉืื ื• ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ.
09:59
Unfortunately, the science is probably closer to being climatology
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื”ืžื“ืข ื›ื ืจืื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืข ื”ืืงืœื™ื
10:02
in that in many cases,
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงืจื™ื,
10:04
very, very small changes
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืงื˜ื ื™ื
10:06
can have disproportionately huge effects,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืคืจื•ืคืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™.
10:08
and equally, vast areas of activity, enormous mergers,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”ื”, ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช, ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื,
10:11
can actually accomplish absolutely bugger-all.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื•ื-ื›ืœื•ื.
10:15
But it's very, very uncomfortable for us
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•
10:17
to actually acknowledge that we're living in such a world.
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ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื›ื–ื”.
10:20
But what I'm saying is we could just make things
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื•
10:22
a little bit better for ourselves
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ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœื™ื
10:24
if we looked at it in this very simple four-way approach.
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ืื ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ื.
10:28
That is actually strategy, and I'm not denying that strategy has a role.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื”.
10:31
You know, there are cases where you spend quite a lot of money
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืชื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ
10:33
and you accomplish quite a lot.
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ื•ืืชื ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
10:35
And I'd be wrong to dis that completely.
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ื•ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื“ื™ ืœื–ืœื–ืœ ื‘ื›ืš ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
10:38
Moving over, we come, of course, to consultancy.
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ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืžื›ืืŸ, ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ.
10:40
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:44
I thought it was very indecent of Accenture
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ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืžืฆื“ "ืืงืกื ื˜ื•ืจ" (ื—ื‘ืจืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ)
10:46
to ditch Tiger Woods in such
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ืœื ื˜ื•ืฉ ืืช ื˜ื™ื™ื’ืจ ื•ื•ื“ืก ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”
10:48
a sort of hurried and hasty way.
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ื›ื–ื• ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ืคื–ื™ื–ื”.
10:50
I mean, Tiger surely was actually obeying the Accenture model.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืจ ื‘ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ "ืืงืกื ื˜ื•ืจ".
10:53
He developed an interesting outsourcing model for sexual services,
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ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืชื— ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ-ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื™ืŸ,
10:56
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:58
no longer tied to a single monopoly provider,
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ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืง ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื•ื ื•ืคื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™,
11:01
in many cases, sourcing things locally,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
11:04
and of course, the ability to have between one and three girls delivered at any time
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืœืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ื ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื
11:07
led for better load-balancing.
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ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืžืกื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:10
So what Accenture suddenly found so unattractive about that, I'm not sure.
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ืื– ืœืžื” "ืืงืกื ื˜ื•ืจ" ื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื“ื•ื—ื”, ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
11:13
Then there are other things that don't cost much and achieve absolutely nothing.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจ.
11:16
That's called trivia.
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืืœื™.
11:18
But there's a fourth thing.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™.
11:20
And the fundamental problem is we don't actually have a word for this stuff.
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื•, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื•ื ื— ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
11:23
We don't know what to call it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื”.
11:25
And actually we don't spend nearly enough money
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ
11:28
looking for those things,
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ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
11:30
looking for those tiny things that may or may not work,
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ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื• ืœื,
11:33
but which, if they do work,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
11:35
can have a success absolutely out of proportion
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื”
11:37
to their expense, their efforts
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ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื‘ื”ื, ื”ืžืืžืฅ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืงืข
11:39
and the disruption they cause.
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ื•ืงืคื™ืฆืช ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆืจื•.
11:41
So the first thing I'd like
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ืื– ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื”
11:43
is a competition -- to anybody watching this as a film --
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ื”ื•ื ืชื—ืจื•ืช -- ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื”ื–ื” --
11:45
is to come up with a name for that stuff on the bottom right.
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ื–ื” ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืฉื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ.
11:48
And the second thing, I think,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
11:50
is that the world needs to have people in charge of that.
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ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”.
11:52
That's why I call for the "Chief Detail Officer."
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืืช "ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™".
11:54
Every corporation should have one,
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ื›ืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื”,
11:56
and every government should have a Ministry of Detail.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” "ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื".
11:59
The people who actually have no money,
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืกืฃ ื›ืœืœ,
12:01
who have no extravagant budget,
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžื•ื’ื–ื,
12:03
but who realize that actually
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”
12:05
you might achieve greater success in uptake
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ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื™ื™ื”
12:07
of a government program
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช (ื—ื™ื ื•ืš) ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช
12:09
by actually doubling the level of benefits you pay,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืคืœื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ืฉืœืžื•,
12:11
but you'll probably achieve exactly that same effect
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ืฉื™ื’ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืืคืงื˜ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง
12:14
simply by redesigning the form
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก
12:16
and writing it in comprehensible English.
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ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื— ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื”.
12:18
And if actually we created a Ministry of Detail
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ื•ืื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• "ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื"
12:21
and business actually had Chief Detail Officers,
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ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” "ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืจืืฉื™ื™ื",
12:23
then that fourth quadrant,
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ืื– ื”ืจื‘ื™ืข ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื–ื”,
12:25
which is so woefully neglected at the moment,
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ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœื›ืš ืžืขืฆื™ื‘ ืžื•ื–ื ื— ื›ืจื’ืข,
12:27
might finally get the attention it deserves.
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ืขืฉื•ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”.
12:29
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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