Rory Sutherland: Sweat the small stuff

318,185 views ใƒป 2010-06-09

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sunphil Ga ๊ฒ€ํ† : June Lim
00:15
Those of you who may remember me from TEDGlobal
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TEDGlobal์—์„œ์˜ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
00:17
remember me asking a few questions
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
which still preoccupy me.
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ €๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:21
One of them was: Why is it necessary to spend
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”: ์œ ๋กœ์Šคํƒ€์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ์—
00:23
six billion pounds
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์™œ 60์–ตํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๊ฐ€
00:25
speeding up the Eurostar train
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
when, for about 10 percent of that money,
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ์˜ 10%๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋„
00:29
you could have top supermodels, male and female,
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๋‚จ,์—ฌ ํƒ‘ ์Šˆํผ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•ด, ๋„์ฐฉํ• ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€
00:31
serving free Chateau Petrus to all the passengers
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๊ณต์งœ Chateau Petrus(์™€์ธ) ์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์Šน๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ
00:34
for the entire duration of the journey?
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์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:36
You'd still have five billion left in change,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ 50์–ตํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
00:38
and people would ask for the trains to be slowed down.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
00:41
Now, you may remember me asking the question as well,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ,
00:43
a very interesting observation,
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๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ ,
00:45
that actually those strange little signs
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด "35"๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š”
00:47
that actually flash "35" at you,
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ์‚ฌ์ธ๋“ค์€
00:49
occasionally accompanying a little smiley face
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ์›ƒ๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:51
or a frown,
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์ฐก๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”
00:53
according to whether you're within or outside the speed limit --
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์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ œํ•œ ์†๋„ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
those are actually more effective
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ธ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ
00:58
at preventing road accidents than speed cameras,
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๊ณผ์† ๋‹จ์† ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
01:01
which come with the actual threat
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๊ณผ์† ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ
01:03
of real punishment.
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์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
So there seems to be a strange disproportionality at work,
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
01:08
I think, in many areas of human problem solving,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
particularly those which involve human psychology,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
which is: The tendency
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์กฐ์ง ํ˜น์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€
01:16
of the organization or the institution
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋•Œ์—
01:18
is to deploy as much force as possible,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„,
01:21
as much compulsion as possible,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
whereas actually, the tendency of the person
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:25
is to be almost influenced
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๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์••๋ฐ•์—
01:28
in absolute reverse proportion
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•œ
01:30
to the amount of force being applied.
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
So there seems to be a complete disconnect here.
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๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
So what I'm asking for is the creation of a new job title --
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง์—…์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
01:37
I'll come to this a little later --
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ --
01:39
and perhaps the addition of a new word
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์˜์–ด์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ
01:41
into the English language.
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
Because it does seem to me that large organizations
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํฐ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์€,
01:46
including government, which is, of course, the largest organization of all,
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- ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์กฐ์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
01:49
have actually become
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
01:51
completely disconnected
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ
01:53
with what actually matters to people.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹จ์ ˆ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Let me give you one example of this.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
You may remember this as the AOL-Time Warner merger, okay,
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AOL TIME Warner ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ , ์ข‹์•„์š”.
02:01
heralded at the time as the largest
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์ด ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์€ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋กœ
02:03
single deal of all time.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
It may still be, for all I know.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
Now, all of you in this room, in one form or other,
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š”
02:09
are probably customers of one or both
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์•„๋งˆ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ๋“  ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€
02:11
of those organizations that merged.
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๋‘ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
Just interested, did anybody notice anything different
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๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์ด ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ
02:16
as a result of this at all?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ˆˆ์น˜ ์ฑ„์‹  ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:18
So unless you happened to be a shareholder
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ๋‘ ์กฐ์ง ์ค‘
02:20
of one or the other organizations
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ฃผ์ด์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:22
or one of the dealmakers or lawyers involved in the no-doubt lucrative activity,
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๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์‚ฌ์‹œ์ผœ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด,
02:25
you're actually engaging in a huge piece of activity
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ํฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ
02:28
that meant absolutely bugger-all to anybody, okay?
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์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
02:32
By contrast, years of marketing have taught me
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„๋™์•ˆ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:34
that if you actually want people to remember you
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:37
and to appreciate what you do,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•œ ์ผ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด,
02:39
the most potent things are actually very, very small.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
This is from Virgin Atlantic upper-class,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ„์ง„ ์•„ํ‹€๋žœํ‹ฑ ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ํด๋ž˜์Šค ์„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
it's the cruet salt and pepper set.
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์†Œ๊ธˆ, ํ›„์ถ” ์–‘๋…ํ†ต ์„ธํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Quite nice in itself, they're little, sort of, airplane things.
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๊ฝค ์ž˜๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ . ์ž‘๊ณ , ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
What's really, really sweet is every single person looking at these things
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
02:52
has exactly the same mischievous thought,
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ง“๊ถƒ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
which is, "I reckon I can heist these."
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ›”์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
However, you pick them up and underneath,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง‘์–ด๋“ค๊ณ , ์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
02:59
actually engraved in the metal, are the words,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ๋ฉ”ํƒˆ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—, ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋”” ๋ง์ด ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ ธ์žˆ์ฃ ,
03:01
"Stolen from Virgin Atlantic Airways upper-class."
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"๋ฒ„์ง„ ์•„ํ‹€๋žœํ‹ฑ ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ›”์นœ ๊ฒƒ"
03:04
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:06
Now, years after
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์ด์ œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋’ค
03:08
you remember the strategic question
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777์™€ ์—์–ด๋ฒ„์Šค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
03:10
of whether you're flying in a 777 or an Airbus,
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์ „๋žต์  ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—์„œ
03:13
you remember those words and that experience.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Similarly, this is from a hotel in Stockholm, the Lydmar.
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์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋กœ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์Šคํ† ํ™€๋ฆ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” Lydmar ํ˜ธํ…”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Has anybody stayed there?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด์‹  ๋ถ„ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:21
It's the lift, it's a series of buttons in the lift.
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์Šน๊ฐ•๊ธฐ์ด์ฃ , ์Šน๊ฐ•๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
Nothing unusual about that at all,
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
except that these are actually not the buttons that take you to an individual floor.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:30
It starts with garage at the bottom, I suppose, appropriately,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•„๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ฃ .
03:33
but it doesn't go up garage, grand floor, mezzanine, one, two, three, four.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ, ๋กœ๋น„, 1์ธต, 2์ธต, 3์ธต, 4์ธต ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
03:36
It actually says garage, funk, rhythm and blues.
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์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ, ํŽ‘ํฌ, ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์•ค ๋ธ”๋ฃจ์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
You have a series of buttons. You actually choose your lift music.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์Šน๊ฐ•๊ธฐ ์Œ์•…์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
My guess is that the cost of installing this in the lift
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์Šคํ†กํ™€๋ฆ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฆฐ๋“œ๋งˆ ํ˜ธํ…” ์Šน๊ฐ•๊ธฐ์—
03:47
in the Lydmar Hotel in Stockholm
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์€
03:49
is probably 500 to 1,000 pounds max.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 500์—์„œ 1000ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์ •๋„ ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
It's frankly more memorable
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋” ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
than all those millions of hotels we've all stayed at
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €์—ˆ๋˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ธํ…”๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:57
that tell you that your room has actually been recently renovated
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ธํ…”๋“ค์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ฐ์‹ค์„ 50๋งŒ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ
04:00
at a cost of 500,000 dollars,
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๋ณด์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ด‘๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:02
in order to make it resemble every other hotel room you've ever stayed in
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๊ทธ์ € ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ด์•„์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜ธํ…” ๊ฐ์‹ค๋“ค๊ณผ
04:05
in the entire course of your life.
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๋น„์Šทํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:09
Now, these are trivial marketing examples, I accept.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ €๋„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
But I was at a TED event recently and Esther Duflo,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•œ ํ…Œ๋“œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—์„œ
04:15
probably one of the leading experts in,
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์„ ๊ทผ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š”
04:17
effectively, the eradication of poverty in the developing world,
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ธ Esther Duflo์”จ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
04:19
actually spoke.
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๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
And she came across a similar example
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:23
of something that fascinated me
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๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
as being something which, in a business context or a government context,
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๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ํ˜น์€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:28
would simply be so trivial a solution
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์ •๋ง ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ฐ–์—๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด
04:30
as to seem embarrassing.
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๋‹นํ˜น์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:32
It was simply to encourage the inoculation of children
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์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
by, not only making it a social event --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ --
04:37
I think good use of behavioral economics in that,
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ํ–‰๋™ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
if you turn up with several other mothers
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์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์ ‘์ข…์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ์—
04:41
to have your child inoculated,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜ค๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:43
your sense of confidence is much greater than if you turn up alone.
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ํ˜ผ์ž ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ์€ ๋”์šฑ ๋” ์ปค์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:46
But secondly, to incentivize that inoculation
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:48
by giving a kilo of lentils to everybody who participated.
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์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ๋‘ 1kg์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
It's a tiny, tiny thing.
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์ด๊ฑด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ํ˜œํƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:55
If you're a senior person at UNESCO
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” ์ƒ์ž„์œ„์›์ด๊ณ 
04:58
and someone says, "So what are you doing
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด, "๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œ ๊ทผ์ ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:00
to eradicate world poverty?"
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:02
you're not really confident standing up there
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž์‹ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
05:04
saying, "I've got it cracked; it's the lentils," are you?
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"์ €๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํŽธ๋‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
Our own sense of self-aggrandizement
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์กด๊ฐ์€
05:10
feels that big important problems
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ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
05:12
need to have big important, and most of all, expensive
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋น„์‹ผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด
05:15
solutions attached to them.
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์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
And yet, what behavioral economics shows time after time after time
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ–‰๋™๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
is in human behavioral and behavioral change
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ์—๋Š”
05:23
there's a very, very strong disproportionality at work,
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์ƒ์‹๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
that actually what changes our behavior
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
05:29
and what changes our attitude to things
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์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:31
is not actually proportionate to the degree
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์ด๋‚˜
05:33
of expense entailed,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํž˜์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์™€๋Š”
05:35
or the degree of force that's applied.
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
But everything about institutions
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ
05:40
makes them uncomfortable
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์€
05:42
with that disproportionality.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
So what happens in an institution
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?
05:46
is the very person who has the power to solve the problem
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
05:49
also has a very, very large budget.
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๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
And once you have a very, very large budget,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:53
you actually look for expensive things to spend it on.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•  ๋น„์‹ผ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
What is completely lacking is a class of people
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์œผ๋‚˜
05:59
who have immense amounts of power, but no money at all.
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๋ˆ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:04
It's those people I'd quite like to create
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
06:06
in the world going forward.
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๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
Now, here's another thing that happens,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
which is what I call sometimes "Terminal 5 syndrome,"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋”ฐ๊ธˆ "ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„ 5 ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃ .
06:12
which is that big, expensive things
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๊ทธ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์‹ผ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
06:14
get big, highly-intelligent attention,
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์ฃผ์œ„์ง‘์ค‘์„ ํ•œ๋ชธ์— ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
and they're great, and Terminal 5 is absolutely magnificent,
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ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„ 5๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
until you get down to the small detail, the usability,
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์ž‘์€ ๋””ํ…Œ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:22
which is the signage,
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์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š”
06:24
which is catastrophic.
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์žฌ์•™์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
You come out of "Arrive" at the airport, and you follow
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๊ณตํ•ญ์—์„œ "๋„์ฐฉ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํŒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ,
06:28
a big yellow sign that says "Trains" and it's in front of you.
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์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” "๊ธฐ์ฐจ"๋ผ ์จ์žˆ๋Š” ํฐ ๋…ธ๋ž€ ์‚ฌ์ธ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
So you walk for another hundred yards,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ 100์•ผ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑท์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
06:33
expecting perhaps another sign,
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๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ "๊ธฐ์ฐจ"๋ผ๊ณ  ์จ์ ธ์žˆ๋Š”
06:35
that might courteously be yellow, in front of you and saying "Trains."
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
No, no, no, the next one is actually blue, to your left,
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์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ , ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ . ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์ธ์€ ์ขŒ์ธก์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:40
and says "Heathrow Express."
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ "ํžˆ์Šค๋กœ ๊ธ‰ํ–‰"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์จ์ ธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
I mean, it could almost be rather like that scene from the film "Airplane."
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ํ™” "๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ"์˜ ํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
06:45
A yellow sign? That's exactly what they'll be expecting.
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๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์‚ฌ์ธ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
Actually, what happens in the world increasingly --
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์  ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
06:50
now, all credit to the British Airport Authority.
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์˜๊ตญ ๊ณตํ•ญ ๋‹น๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
06:52
I spoke about this before,
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์˜ˆ์ „์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—
06:54
and a brilliant person got in touch with me and said, "Okay, what can you do?"
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ํ•œ ์˜ํŠนํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋žตํ•ด ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ , "์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
06:57
So I did come up with five suggestions, which they are actually actioning.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
One of them also being,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
07:02
although logically it's quite a good idea
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๋น„๋ก ์ƒ, ํ•˜ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ ์—†๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ•๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
07:04
to have a lift with no up and down button in it,
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๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ง€๋งŒ
07:06
if it only serves two floors,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์Šน๊ฐ•๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ง ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ธต๋งŒ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:08
it's actually bloody terrifying, okay?
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์ผ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
Because when the door closes
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ด ๋‹ซํžˆ๊ณ 
07:13
and there's nothing for you to do,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ• ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:15
you've actually just stepped into a Hammer film.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ํ•ด๋จธํ•„๋ฆ„์‚ฌ(๊ณตํฌ์˜ํ™” ์ œ์ž‘์‚ฌ)์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:19
So these questions ... what is happening in the world
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์€... ์ง€๊ธˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
07:21
is the big stuff, actually,
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ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
is done magnificently well.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ์ž˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
But the small stuff, what you might call the user interface,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€
07:28
is done spectacularly badly.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
But also, there seems to be a complete sort of gridlock
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ์—
07:33
in terms of solving these small solutions.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
Because the people who can actually solve them
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
07:38
actually are too powerful and too preoccupied
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฐ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:40
with something they think of as "strategy" to actually solve them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์ „๋žต"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
I tried this exercise recently, talking about banking.
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์ €๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์€ํ–‰์— ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:45
They said, "Can we do an advertising campaign?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฑ…ํ‚น์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:47
What can we do and encourage more online banking?"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
I said, "It's really, really easy."
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์ €๋Š”, "๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ ."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:52
I said, "When people login to their online bank
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์ €๋Š”, "์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์€ํ–‰์— ๋กœ๊ทธ์ธ ํ•  ๋•Œ
07:54
there are lots and lots of things they'd probably quite like to look at.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
The last thing in the world you ever want to see is your balance."
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž”๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:01
I've got friends who actually
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ ˆ๋Œ€
08:03
never use their own bank cash machines
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ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ธ์ถœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:05
because there's the risk that it might display
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž”๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
08:07
their balance on the screen.
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์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
Why would you willingly expose yourself to bad news?
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์™œ ์ž์ง„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?
08:12
Okay, you simply wouldn't.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
I said, "If you make, actually, 'Tell me my balance.'
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"๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ž”๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„,
08:16
If you make that an option rather than the default,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ต์…˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:19
you'll find twice as many people log on to online banking,
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2๋ฐฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฑ…ํ‚น์— ๋กœ๊ทธ์ธ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
and they do it three times as often."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 3๋ฐฐ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๋กœ๊ทธ์ธ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
Let's face it, most of us -- how many of you
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์†”์งํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ
08:26
actually check your balance before you remove cash from a cash machine?
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ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ž…์ถœ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฝ‘๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž”๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:30
And you're pretty rich by the standards of the world at large.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฝค ๋ถ€์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:33
Now, interesting that no single person does that,
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
08:35
or at least can admit to being so anal as to do it.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋„ค์š”.
08:39
But what's interesting about that suggestion
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ œ์•ˆ์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
08:41
was that, to implement that suggestion wouldn't cost 10 million pounds;
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์ด ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์ฒœ๋งŒ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค;
08:44
it wouldn't involve large amounts of expenditure;
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ํฐ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
08:46
it would actually cost about 50 quid.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 50ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
And yet, it never happens.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Because there's a fundamental disconnect, as I said,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
08:53
that actually, the people with the power
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:55
want to do big expensive things.
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ํฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์‹ผ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
And there's to some extent a big strategy myth
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๋Š”
08:59
that's prevalent in business now.
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ํฐ ์ „๋žต์  ์‹ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
And if you think about it, it's very, very important
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์ „๋žต์  ์‹ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:03
that the strategy myth is maintained.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
Because, if the board of directors convince everybody
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด
09:08
that the success of any organization
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์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„
09:10
is almost entirely dependent on the decisions made by the board of directors,
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๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฉ๋“์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:13
it makes the disparity in salaries
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์›”๊ธ‰์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์ •๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ
09:16
slightly more justifiable
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
than if you actually acknowledge that quite a lot of the credit for a company's success
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์›์ธ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:21
might actually lie somewhere else,
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์ž‘์€ ์ „๋žต์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:23
in small pieces of tactical activity.
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์›”๊ธ‰ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์ด ์•ฝํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
But what is happening is that effectively --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ --
09:28
and the invention of the spreadsheet hasn't helped this;
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์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ์‹œํŠธ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช… ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
09:30
lots of things haven't helped this --
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
09:32
business and government suffers from a kind of physics envy.
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์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ๋ง์ด๋ž€ ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
It wants the world to be the kind of place where
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋Š”
09:38
the input and the change are proportionate.
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์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
It's a kind of mechanistic world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”
09:43
that we'd all love to live in
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์„ธ์ƒ์ธ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
09:45
where, effectively, it sits very nicely on spreadsheets,
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๊ทธ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ์‹œํŠธ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ ,
09:48
everything is numerically expressible,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋ฉฐ,
09:50
and the amount you spend on something is proportionate
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ
09:53
to the scale of your success.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
That's the world people actually want.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:57
In truth, we do live in a world that science can understand.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
Unfortunately, the science is probably closer to being climatology
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
10:02
in that in many cases,
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๊ธฐํ›„ํ•™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
10:04
very, very small changes
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์•„์ฃผ, ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์ด
10:06
can have disproportionately huge effects,
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๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
and equally, vast areas of activity, enormous mergers,
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ํฐ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ํฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ด
10:11
can actually accomplish absolutely bugger-all.
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
But it's very, very uncomfortable for us
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
10:17
to actually acknowledge that we're living in such a world.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
10:20
But what I'm saying is we could just make things
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
10:22
a little bit better for ourselves
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ 4๋ถ„๋ฉด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:24
if we looked at it in this very simple four-way approach.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ๋” ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
That is actually strategy, and I'm not denying that strategy has a role.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ „๋žต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ „๋žต์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
You know, there are cases where you spend quite a lot of money
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ
10:33
and you accomplish quite a lot.
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๊ฝค๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
And I'd be wrong to dis that completely.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋น„๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:38
Moving over, we come, of course, to consultancy.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ปจ์„คํŒ… ์—…๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ - ๋ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ ์€ ๋ถ„๋ฉด)
10:44
I thought it was very indecent of Accenture
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์ €๋Š” ์—‘์„ผ์ถ”์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ
10:46
to ditch Tiger Woods in such
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ํƒ€์ด๊ฑฐ ์šฐ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด
10:48
a sort of hurried and hasty way.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ ์ ˆ์น˜ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
I mean, Tiger surely was actually obeying the Accenture model.
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ํƒ€์ด๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•ก์„ผ์ธ„์–ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ˆœ์ข…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
He developed an interesting outsourcing model for sexual services,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์„ฑ์  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์•„์›ƒ์†Œ์‹ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:58
no longer tied to a single monopoly provider,
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๋…์  ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž์— ์—ฐ์—ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
11:01
in many cases, sourcing things locally,
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์ง€์—์„œ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,
11:04
and of course, the ability to have between one and three girls delivered at any time
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— 1-3๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์†ก๋ฐ›์•„
11:07
led for better load-balancing.
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๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
So what Accenture suddenly found so unattractive about that, I'm not sure.
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์•ก์„ผํŠœ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ €๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
Then there are other things that don't cost much and achieve absolutely nothing.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
That's called trivia.
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ํ•˜์ฐฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
11:18
But there's a fourth thing.
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4๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ„๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
And the fundamental problem is we don't actually have a word for this stuff.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ถ„๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
We don't know what to call it.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
11:25
And actually we don't spend nearly enough money
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋ฐ์—
11:28
looking for those things,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ˆ์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
looking for those tiny things that may or may not work,
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์ž‘๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
but which, if they do work,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:35
can have a success absolutely out of proportion
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๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ
11:37
to their expense, their efforts
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š”
11:39
and the disruption they cause.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:41
So the first thing I'd like
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
is a competition -- to anybody watching this as a film --
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋™์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ --
11:45
is to come up with a name for that stuff on the bottom right.
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์šฐ์ธก ํ•˜๋‹จ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฉด์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
And the second thing, I think,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ
11:50
is that the world needs to have people in charge of that.
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์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
That's why I call for the "Chief Detail Officer."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Chief Detail Officer๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
Every corporation should have one,
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๋ชจ๋“  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
11:56
and every government should have a Ministry of Detail.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
The people who actually have no money,
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๋ˆ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—†๊ณ ,
12:01
who have no extravagant budget,
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ํฅ์ฒญ๋ง์ฒญ ์“ธ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ,
12:03
but who realize that actually
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์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜์ด๋ฉด
12:05
you might achieve greater success in uptake
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์ •๋ถ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
12:07
of a government program
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋” ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
12:09
by actually doubling the level of benefits you pay,
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์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
but you'll probably achieve exactly that same effect
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
12:14
simply by redesigning the form
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ 
12:16
and writing it in comprehensible English.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ง๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
And if actually we created a Ministry of Detail
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ถ€์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:21
and business actually had Chief Detail Officers,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— Chief Detail Officers๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
12:23
then that fourth quadrant,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •๋˜๋Š”
12:25
which is so woefully neglected at the moment,
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๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ„๋ฉด์ด ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ
12:27
might finally get the attention it deserves.
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์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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