Tristram Stuart: The global food waste scandal

317,385 views ใƒป 2012-09-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
The job of uncovering the global food waste scandal
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ืžืœืื›ืช ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
00:18
started for me when I was 15 years old.
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ื”ื—ืœื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ 15.
00:21
I bought some pigs. I was living in Sussex.
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ืงื ื™ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื. ื’ืจืชื™ ืื– ื‘ืกืกืงืก.
00:24
And I started to feed them in the most traditional
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™
00:26
and environmentally friendly way.
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ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
00:28
I went to my school kitchen, and I said,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืฉืœื™ ื•ืืžืจืชื™,
00:31
"Give me the scraps that my school friends have turned
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"ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื‘ืจื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื
00:32
their noses up at."
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ืขื™ืงืžื• ืืช ืืคื ืœืขื•ืžืชื."
00:33
I went to the local baker and took their stale bread.
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืื•ืคื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืœื—ื ื”ืขื‘ืฉ ืฉืœื•.
00:36
I went to the local greengrocer, and I went to a farmer
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื™ืจืงืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™, ื•ื’ื ืœืื™ื›ืจ ืื—ื“,
00:39
who was throwing away potatoes because they were
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ืฉื–ืจืง ืœืืฉืคื” ืชืคื•ื—ื™-ืื“ืžื”
00:40
the wrong shape or size for supermarkets.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืื• ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ื”ืชืื™ืžื• ืœืžืจื›ื•ืœื™ื.
00:44
This was great. My pigs turned that food waste
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”. ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
00:47
into delicious pork. I sold that pork
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ืœื‘ืฉืจ-ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื˜ืขื™ื. ืžื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”
00:49
to my school friends' parents, and I made
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ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืชื™
00:51
a good pocket money addition to my teenage allowance.
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ืขื•ื“ ื›ืกืฃ, ืœืฆื“ ื”ื”ืงืฆื‘ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื›ื ืขืจ.
00:56
But I noticed that most of the food that I was giving my pigs
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื™ืจื™
00:59
was in fact fit for human consumption,
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืžืื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื,
01:01
and that I was only scratching the surface,
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ื•ืฉืื ื™ ืจืง ืžื’ืจื“ ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—,
01:03
and that right the way up the food supply chain,
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ื•ืฉืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืžืขืœื” ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•,
01:06
in supermarkets, greengrocers, bakers, in our homes,
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืžืืคื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
01:10
in factories and farms, we were hemorrhaging out food.
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ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ื, ืื ื• ืžื“ืžืžื™ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
01:13
Supermarkets didn't even want to talk to me
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื™
01:15
about how much food they were wasting.
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ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื.
01:17
I'd been round the back. I'd seen bins full of food
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืžืื—ื•ืจื”. ืจืื™ืชื™ ืคื—ื™ ืืฉืคื” ืžืœืื™ ืื•ื›ืœ
01:19
being locked and then trucked off to landfill sites,
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ืขื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื ืœืžื–ื‘ืœื•ืช.
01:22
and I thought, surely there is something more sensible
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:25
to do with food than waste it.
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืื•ืชื•.
01:28
One morning, when I was feeding my pigs,
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ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื—ื“, ื›ืฉื”ืื›ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™,
01:30
I noticed a particularly tasty-looking sun-dried tomato loaf
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืฉืžืฉ ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืœืžืจืื”,
01:34
that used to crop up from time to time.
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ืžื™ื“ื™ ืคืขื.
01:36
I grabbed hold of it,
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ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื”,
01:38
sat down, and ate my breakfast with my pigs. (Laughter)
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ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื•ืื›ืœืชื™ ืืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื—ื–ื™ืจื™. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:41
That was the first act of what I later learned to call freeganism,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืงื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืื—"ื› ืœื›ื ื•ืช "ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™":
01:44
really an exhibition of the injustice of food waste,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืคื’ื ืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฆื“ืง ืฉื‘ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
01:49
and the provision of the solution to food waste,
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ื•ืžืชืŸ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
01:51
which is simply to sit down and eat food,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
01:54
rather than throwing it away.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืื•ืชื•.
01:55
That became, as it were, a way of confronting
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืขื™ืžื•ืช
01:58
large businesses in the business of wasting food,
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ืขื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
02:01
and exposing, most importantly, to the public,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืœื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
02:04
that when we're talking about food being thrown away,
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
02:06
we're not talking about rotten stuff, we're not talking about
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ืื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ื,
02:08
stuff that's beyond the pale.
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ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืคื’ ืชื•ืงืคื.
02:11
We're talking about good, fresh food that is being wasted
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ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื˜ืจื™
02:13
on a colossal scale.
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ืฉืžื•ืฉืœืš ืœืืฉืคื” ื‘ืงื ื”-ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืจ.
02:16
Eventually, I set about writing my book,
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™,
02:17
really to demonstrate the extent of this problem
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ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
02:19
on a global scale. What this shows is
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ื‘ืงื ื”-ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™. ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืฆื™ื’
02:23
a nation-by-nation breakdown of the likely level
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ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช
02:26
of food waste in each country in the world.
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ืฉืœ ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
02:29
Unfortunately, empirical data, good, hard stats, don't exist,
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ืœืฆืขืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืžืคื™ืจื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช,
02:33
and therefore to prove my point, I first of all had to find
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื˜ืขื ืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื
02:36
some proxy way of uncovering
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ืื™ื–ื• ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืฉืชื—ืฉื•ืฃ
02:38
how much food was being wasted.
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ื›ืžื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ื–ื‘ื–.
02:40
So I took the food supply of every single country
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ืื– ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ื•ืืจืฅ
02:43
and I compared it to what was actually likely
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ื•ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื” ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ
02:46
to be being consumed in each country.
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ืฉื ืฆืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ.
02:48
That's based on diet intake surveys, it's based on
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืกืงืจื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื,
02:52
levels of obesity, it's based on a range of factors
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ืขืœ ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื ื”, ืขืœ ืงืฉืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื
02:54
that gives you an approximate guess
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ืฉืžืกืคืงื™ื ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ืช
02:56
as to how much food is actually going into people's mouths.
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ื›ืžื” ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœ ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:59
That black line in the middle of that table
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ื”ืงื• ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื”
03:02
is the likely level of consumption
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ื”ื•ื ืจืžืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื”
03:05
with an allowance for certain levels of inevitable waste.
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ืขื ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืžื ืข.
03:09
There will always be waste. I'm not that unrealistic
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื–. ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฉืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื™
03:11
that I think we can live in a waste-free world.
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ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื–.
03:13
But that black line shows what a food supply should be
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื• ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืžืจืื” ืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
03:17
in a country if they allow for a good, stable, secure,
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ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”
03:21
nutritional diet for every person in that country.
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ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
03:25
Any dot above that line, and you'll quickly notice that
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ื›ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืขืœ ืœืงื• - ื•ืืชื ื•ื“ืื™ ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื™ื“
03:27
that includes most countries in the world,
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ืฉื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื -
03:30
represents unnecessary surplus, and is likely to reflect
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ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืžื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืงืฃ
03:34
levels of waste in each country.
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ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ.
03:37
As a country gets richer, it invests more and more
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ืžืชืขืฉืจืช, ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:40
in getting more and more surplus
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ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขื•ื“ืคื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื
03:42
into its shops and restaurants,
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ืœื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”,
03:44
and as you can see, most European
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
03:46
and North American countries
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”
03:48
fall between 150 and 200 percent
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ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”-150-200 ืื—ื•ื–
03:51
of the nutritional requirements of their populations.
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ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ.
03:54
So a country like America has twice as much food
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ื›ืš ืฉืœืืจืฅ ื›ืžื• ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื™ืฉ ืคื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ
03:57
on its shop shelves and in its restaurants
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ืขืœ ืžื“ืคื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”
03:59
than is actually required to feed the American people.
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ืžืžื” ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื.
04:03
But the thing that really struck me,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™,
04:04
when I plotted all this data, and it was a lot of numbers,
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ื›ืฉืืจื’ื ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื•ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจื™ื,
04:09
was that you can see how it levels off.
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ื–ื” ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉืจ.
04:12
Countries rapidly shoot towards that 150 mark,
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ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ืžื–ื ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ืงื• ื”-150,
04:15
and then they level off, and they don't really go on rising
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ื•ืื– ื–ื” ืžืชื™ื™ืฉืจ, ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื˜ืคืก
04:19
as you might expect.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช.
04:20
So I decided to unpack that data a little bit further
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืคืจืง ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช,
04:23
to see if that was true or false.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื• ืฉื’ื•ื™.
04:25
And that's what I came up with.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™.
04:27
If you include not just the food that ends up
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ืื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข
04:29
in shops and restaurants, but also the food
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ืœื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืกืขื“ื•ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
04:31
that people feed to livestock,
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ืฉืžืื›ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื,
04:33
the maize, the soy, the wheat, that humans could eat
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ืืช ื”ืชื™ืจืก, ื”ืกื•ื™ื”, ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื”, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ
04:36
but choose to fatten livestock instead to produce
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ืืš ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœืคื˜ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ
04:39
increasing amounts of meat and dairy products,
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ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘,
04:41
what you find is that most rich countries
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ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช
04:42
have between three and four times the amount of food
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ 3 ืœ-4 ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ
04:47
that their population needs to feed itself.
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ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื” ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื”.
04:50
A country like America has four times the amount of food
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ืœืืจืฅ ื›ืžื• ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื™ืฉ ืคื™ 4 ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ
04:53
that it needs.
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ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื”.
04:56
When people talk about the need to increase global
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ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
04:59
food production to feed those nine billion people
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ืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช 9 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื
05:02
that are expected on the planet by 2050,
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ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืขื“ 2050,
05:04
I always think of these graphs.
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ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืจืคื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
05:06
The fact is, we have an enormous buffer
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืื’ืจ ืขืฆื•ื
05:09
in rich countries between ourselves and hunger.
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉืžืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืจืขื‘.
05:13
We've never had such gargantuan surpluses before.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ืคื™ื ืžืคืœืฆืชื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
05:17
In many ways, this is a great success story
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”
05:20
of human civilization, of the agricultural surpluses
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ืฉืœ ืขื•ื“ืคื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช
05:24
that we set out to achieve 12,000 years ago.
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ืฉืื•ืชื ื”ืฆื‘ื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ 12,000 ืฉื ื”.
05:28
It is a success story. It has been a success story.
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ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”. ื•ืขื“ ื›ื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
05:31
But what we have to recognize now is that we are
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ืืš ื›ืขืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
05:34
reaching the ecological limits that our planet can bear,
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ืฉืื ื• ืงืจื‘ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
05:37
and when we chop down forests, as we are every day,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื• ื›ื•ืจืชื™ื ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœืžื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•,
05:40
to grow more and more food,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
05:41
when we extract water from depleting water reserves,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื ืžืžืื’ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืจื•ืงื ื™ื,
05:45
when we emit fossil fuel emissions in the quest
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืœืง-ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ืžื”
05:48
to grow more and more food,
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ืœื’ื“ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
05:50
and then we throw away so much of it,
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ื•ืื– ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื ื•,
05:53
we have to think about what we can start saving.
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื” ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš.
05:55
And yesterday, I went to one of the local supermarkets
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ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
05:59
that I often visit to
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ื‘ื”ื ืื ื™ ืžืจื‘ื” ืœื‘ืงืจ
06:01
inspect, if you like, what they're throwing away.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง, ืื ืชืจืฆื•, ืžื” ื”ื ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื.
06:06
I found quite a few packets of biscuits amongst
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื
06:08
all the fruit and vegetables and everything else
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ ื•ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
06:10
that was in there.
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื.
06:11
And I thought, well this could serve as a symbol for today.
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืกืžืœ.
06:13
So I want you to imagine that these nine biscuits
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ืื– ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืชื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืชืฉืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
06:15
that I found in the bin represent the global food supply,
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ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืคื—, ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
06:19
okay? We start out with nine.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ? ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืชืฉืขื”.
06:21
That's what's in fields around the world every single year.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื”.
06:24
The first biscuit we're going to lose
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ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื
06:26
before we even leave the farm.
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ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ื”.
06:28
That's a problem primarily associated with
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ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
06:31
developing work agriculture, whether it's
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ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ
06:33
a lack of infrastructure, refrigeration, pasteurization,
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ื‘ื”ืขื“ืจ ืชืฉืชื™ืช, ืืžืฆืขื™ ืงื™ืจื•ืจ, ืคื™ืกื˜ื•ืจ,
06:35
grain stores, even basic fruit crates, which means
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ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืืจื’ื–ื™ ืคืจื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ
06:38
that food goes to waste before it even leaves the fields.
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ืฉื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžืชื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื”.
06:42
The next three biscuits are the foods that we decide
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ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื”ื ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื
06:45
to feed to livestock, the maize, the wheat and the soya.
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ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ื‘ื• ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืชื™ืจืก, ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ืกื•ื™ื”.
06:49
Unfortunately, our beasts are inefficient animals,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื,
06:54
and they turn two-thirds of that into feces and heat,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื ืžื–ื” ืœื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื•ื,
06:58
so we've lost those two, and we've only kept this one
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ืื– ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืืช ืฉื ื™ ืืœื”, ื•ื ื•ืชืจื ื• ืขื ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื–ื”,
07:01
in meat and dairy products.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™-ื—ืœื‘.
07:03
Two more we're going to throw away directly into bins.
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื™ืฉืจ ืœืคื—.
07:06
This is what most of us think of when we think
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืจื‘ื™ืชื ื•
07:08
of food waste, what ends up in the garbage,
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ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžื–ื•ืŸ: ืžื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœืืฉืคื”,,
07:10
what ends up in supermarket bins,
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ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืฆื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืœืคื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื•ืœ,
07:12
what ends up in restaurant bins. We've lost another two,
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ื•ืœืคื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื”. ื”ืœื›ื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื™ื,
07:15
and we've left ourselves with just four biscuits to feed on.
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ื•ื”ืฉืืจื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื• 4 ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
07:19
That is not a superlatively efficient use of global resources,
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ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœืชื™-ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื’ื–ื ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื,
07:23
especially when you think of the billion hungry people
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ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ืจืขื‘ื™ื
07:25
that exist already in the world.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
07:27
Having gone through the data, I then needed
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช
07:29
to demonstrate where that food ends up.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื•.
07:33
Where does it end up? We're used to seeing the stuff
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ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื–ื”? ืื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ
07:34
on our plates, but what about all the stuff
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ื‘ืฆืœื—ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืืš ืžื” ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
07:36
that goes missing in between?
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ืฉื ืขืœืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœื™ื”ืŸ?
07:38
Supermarkets are an easy place to start.
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ื”ืžืจื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืžื ื•.
07:41
This is the result of my hobby,
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉืœื™,
07:43
which is unofficial bin inspections. (Laughter)
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœื-ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื—ื™ ืืฉืคื”. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
07:48
Strange you might think, but if we could rely on corporations
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื, ืืš ืื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื
07:50
to tell us what they were doing in the back of their stores,
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
07:53
we wouldn't need to go sneaking around the back,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื ื‘ ืœืฉื,
07:56
opening up bins and having a look at what's inside.
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ืœืคืชื•ื— ืคื—ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืคื ื™ืžื”.
07:59
But this is what you can see more or less on
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื, ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:00
every street corner in Britain, in Europe, in North America.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคื™ื ืช-ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
08:04
It represents a colossal waste of food,
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ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ,
08:07
but what I discovered whilst I was writing my book
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ืืš ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
08:10
was that this very evident abundance of waste
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื”ืฉื•ืคืข ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”
08:13
was actually the tip of the iceberg.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืงืฆื” ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ.
08:16
When you start going up the supply chain,
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ื›ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืœื” ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืืกืคืงื”,
08:18
you find where the real food waste is happening
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ืžื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™
08:21
on a gargantuan scale.
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ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืžืคืœืฆืชื™.
08:23
Can I have a show of hands
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ื ื ืœื”ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื:
08:24
if you have a loaf of sliced bread in your house?
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ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืœื—ื ืคืจื•ืก ื‘ื‘ื™ืช?
08:29
Who lives in a household where that crust --
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ืžื™ ื—ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื• ื”"ื ืฉื™ืงื”" --
08:31
that slice at the first and last end of each loaf --
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ื”ืคืจื•ืกื” ืฉื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืœื—ื --
08:34
who lives in a household where it does get eaten?
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ืžื™ ื—ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ?
08:36
Okay, most people, not everyone, but most people,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื. ืœื ื›ื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื•ื‘.
08:39
and this is, I'm glad to say, what I see across the world,
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ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื’ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
08:41
and yet has anyone seen a supermarket or sandwich shop
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืจืื” ืžืจื›ื•ืœ ืื• ื—ื ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื›ื™ื
08:44
anywhere in the world that serves sandwiches
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืจื™ื›ื™ื
08:46
with crusts on it? (Laughter)
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ืขื ื”"ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช"? [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
08:48
I certainly haven't.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™.
08:50
So I kept on thinking, where do those crusts go? (Laughter)
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™, ืœืืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื”"ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช"? [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
08:55
This is the answer, unfortunately:
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืฆืขืจืช:
08:57
13,000 slices of fresh bread coming out of
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13,000 ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ืœื—ื ื˜ืจื™ ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช
08:59
this one single factory every single day, day-fresh bread.
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ืžื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื. ืœื—ื ื˜ืจื™.
09:04
In the same year that I visited this factory,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื–ื”,
09:06
I went to Pakistan, where people in 2008 were going hungry
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื” ื‘-2008 ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืขื‘ื• ืœืœื—ื
09:10
as a result of a squeeze on global food supplies.
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ืขืงื‘ ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
09:14
We contribute to that squeeze
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ืื ื• ืชืจืžื ื• ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื–ื”
09:16
by depositing food in bins here in Britain
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ื‘ื”ืคืงื“ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื—ื™ ื”ืืฉืคื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”
09:19
and elsewhere in the world. We take food
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืื ื• ืžืกืœืงื™ื ืื•ื›ืœ
09:22
off the market shelves that hungry people depend on.
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ืžืžื“ืคื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื•ืœื™ื, ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืจืขื‘ื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื•.
09:25
Go one step up, and you get to farmers,
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ื ืขืœื” ืขื•ื“ ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ื•ื ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื•ื•ืื™ื,
09:27
who throw away sometimes a third or even more
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ืฉืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืื• ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:29
of their harvest because of cosmetic standards.
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ืžื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื ืขืงื‘ ืชืงื ื™ื ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ื™ื.
09:31
This farmer, for example, has invested 16,000 pounds
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ื”ื—ื•ื•ืื™ ื”ื–ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืฉืงื™ืข 16,000 ืœื™ืฉ"ื˜
09:34
in growing spinach, not one leaf of which he harvested,
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ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืชืจื“, ื•ืœื ืงื˜ืฃ ืžืžื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœื” ืื—ื“,
09:38
because there was a little bit of grass growing in amongst it.
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื’ื“ืœื• ืงืฆืช ืขืฉื‘ื™ื.
09:40
Potatoes that are cosmetically imperfect,
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ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืช,
09:43
all going for pigs.
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ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžืื›ืœ ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื.
09:44
Parsnips that are too small for supermarket specifications,
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ื’ื–ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืœืคื™ ืžื™ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื•ืœ
09:48
tomatoes in Tenerife,
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ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื ืจื™ืฃ,
09:50
oranges in Florida,
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ืชืคื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”,
09:52
bananas in Ecuador, where I visited last year,
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ื‘ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืงื•ื•ื“ื•ืจ, ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื”,
09:55
all being discarded. This is one day's waste
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ื”ื›ืœ ื ื–ืจืง. ื–ื• ืคืกื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“
09:58
from one banana plantation in Ecuador.
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ืžืžื˜ืข ื‘ื ื ื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืืงื•ื•ื“ื•ืจ.
10:00
All being discarded, perfectly edible,
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžื•ืฉืœืš, ื”ื›ืœ ืื›ื™ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™,
10:02
because they're the wrong shape or size.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
10:05
If we do that to fruit and vegetables,
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ืื ืื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืš ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช,
10:06
you bet we can do it to animals too.
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ืชื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืš ื’ื ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื.
10:09
Liver, lungs, heads, tails,
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ื›ื‘ื“, ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืจืืฉื™ื, ื–ื ื‘ื•ืช,
10:12
kidneys, testicles,
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ื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ืืฉื›ื™ื,
10:14
all of these things which are traditional,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืฉื”ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื,
10:16
delicious and nutritious parts of our gastronomy
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ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•
10:18
go to waste. Offal consumption has halved
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ื ื–ืจืงื™ื ืœืืฉืคื”. ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืจื“ื” ื‘ื—ืฆื™
10:22
in Britain and America in the last 30 years.
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘-30 ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
10:24
As a result, this stuff gets fed to dogs at best,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžืื›ืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘,
10:27
or is incinerated.
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ืื• ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
10:29
This man, in Kashgar, Xinjiang province, in Western China,
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”, ืžืงืฉื’ืืจ, ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืกื™ื ื™ืื ื’ ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืกื™ืŸ,
10:33
is serving up his national dish.
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ืžื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื•.
10:35
It's called sheep's organs.
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ื–ื” ืงืจื•ื™ "ืื‘ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืฉ".
10:36
It's delicious, it's nutritious,
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ื–ื” ื˜ืขื™ื, ื–ื” ืžื–ื™ืŸ,
10:38
and as I learned when I went to Kashgar,
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ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ืงืฉื’ืืจ ืœืžื“ืชื™,
10:40
it symbolizes their taboo against food waste.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ืื‘ื• ืฉืœื”ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉืœื›ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
10:43
I was sitting in a roadside cafe.
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ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืงืคื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ื“ืจืš.
10:46
A chef came to talk to me, I finished my bowl,
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ืฉืฃ ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืื™ืชื™, ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื ื” ืฉืœื™,
10:48
and halfway through the conversation, he stopped talking
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื“ื‘ืจ
10:50
and he started frowning into my bowl.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื–ืขื™ืฃ ืคื ื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ืฉืœื™.
10:53
I thought, "My goodness, what taboo have I broken?
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, "ืื•ื™ ื•ืื‘ื•ื™, ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ืื‘ื• ื”ืคืจืชื™?
10:54
How have I insulted my host?"
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ืื™ืš ื”ืขืœื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืืจื— ืฉืœื™?"
10:56
He pointed at three grains of rice
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ 3 ื’ืจื’ืจื™ ืื•ืจื–
10:58
at the bottom of my bowl, and he said, "Clean." (Laughter)
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ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ืฉืœื™, ื•ืืžืจ, "ืœื ืงื•ืช." [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
11:02
I thought, "My God, you know, I go around the world
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื, ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
11:04
telling people to stop wasting food.
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ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืื•ื›ืœ.
11:05
This guy has thrashed me at my own game." (Laughter)
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ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื™ืกื— ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉืœื™." [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
11:10
But it gave me faith. It gave me faith that we, the people,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื™ืœื ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”,
11:14
do have the power to stop this tragic waste of resources
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ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจื ื”ื–ื”
11:19
if we regard it as socially unacceptable
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ืื ื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืš ื›ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
11:21
to waste food on a colossal scale,
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ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืขืฆื•ื,
11:22
if we make noise about it, tell corporations about it,
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ืื ื ืงื™ื ืจืขืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื–ื”, ื ื’ื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื,
11:25
tell governments we want to see an end to food waste,
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ื ื’ื™ื“ ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ืžื• ืงืฅ ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
11:28
we do have the power to bring about that change.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”.
11:30
Fish, 40 to 60 percent of European fish
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ื“ื’ื™ื, 40-60 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื“ื’ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
11:33
are discarded at sea, they don't even get landed.
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ืžื•ืฉืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืฉื”.
11:36
In our homes, we've lost touch with food.
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืื•ื›ืœ.
11:39
This is an experiment I did on three lettuces.
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ื–ื”ื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื 3 ืกื•ื’ื™ ื—ืกื”.
11:42
Who keeps lettuces in their fridge?
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ืžื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื—ืกื” ื‘ืžืงืจืจ?
11:44
Most people. The one on the left
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื. ื–ืืช ืฉืžืฉืžืืœ
11:48
was kept in a fridge for 10 days.
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ื ืฉืžืจื” ื‘ืžืงืจืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš 10 ื™ืžื™ื.
11:49
The one in the middle, on my kitchen table. Not much difference.
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ื–ืืช ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืข ื ื—ื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœื™. ืœื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
11:51
The one on the right I treated like cut flowers.
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ื‘ื–ืืช ืฉืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืœืชื™ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉื ืงื˜ืคื•.
11:54
It's a living organism, cut the slice off,
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ื–ื”ื• ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื ื—ื™, ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื ืชื—,
11:56
stuck it in a vase of water,
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ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ืื’ืจื˜ืœ ืขื ืžื™ื,
11:58
it was all right for another two weeks after this.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
12:01
Some food waste, as I said at the beginning,
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ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
12:03
will inevitably arise, so the question is,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืžื ืข, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื,
12:05
what is the best thing to do with it?
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ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื™ืชื•.
12:07
I answered that question when I was 15.
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ืขื ื™ืชื™ ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ 15.
12:09
In fact, humans answered that question 6,000 years ago:
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืขื ื• ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืคื ื™ 6,000 ืฉื ื”:
12:14
We domesticated pigs
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ื‘ื™ื™ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื
12:16
to turn food waste back into food.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ.
12:19
And yet, in Europe, that practice has become illegal
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ื—ื•ืงื™
12:23
since 2001 as a result of the foot-and-mouth outbreak.
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ืžืื– 2001 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื—ืœืช ื”ืคื” ื•ื”ื˜ืœืคื™ื™ื.
12:26
It's unscientific. It's unnecessary.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžื“ืขื™. ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™.
12:28
If you cook food for pigs, just as if
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ืื ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™
12:31
you cook food for humans, it is rendered safe.
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ืฉืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
12:34
It's also a massive saving of resources.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.
12:36
At the moment, Europe depends on importing
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ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื›ื™ื•ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื
12:39
millions of tons of soy from South America,
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ืžื™ืœื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืกื•ื™ื” ืžื“ืจื•ื-ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
12:41
where its production contributes to global warming,
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœื” ืฉื ืชื•ืจื ืœื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
12:44
to deforestation, to biodiversity loss,
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ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ื ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ืœื”ื›ื—ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื,
12:46
to feed livestock here in Europe.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช-ืžืฉืง ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
12:49
At the same time we throw away millions of tons
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ื•ื‘ื”-ื‘ืขืช ืื ื• ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช
12:51
of food waste which we could and should be feeding them.
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ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืœืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ืœื” ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
12:54
If we did that, and fed it to pigs, we would save
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ืื™ืœื• ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืื›ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื” ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื
12:57
that amount of carbon.
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ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืคื—ื.
12:59
If we feed our food waste which is the current
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ืื™ืœื• ืื ื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉื–ื• ื›ืจื’ืข
13:03
government favorite way of getting rid of food waste,
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืคืกื•ืœืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
13:05
to anaerobic digestion, which turns food waste
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ืช-ื—ืžืฆืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ
13:08
into gas to produce electricity,
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ืœื’ื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ,
13:10
you save a paltry 448 kilograms of carbon dioxide
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ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื 448 ืง"ื’ ืืคืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™
13:14
per ton of food waste. It's much better to feed it to pigs.
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ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืœืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ื‘ื” ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื.
13:16
We knew that during the war. (Laughter)
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ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
13:19
A silver lining: It has kicked off globally,
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ื”ืื•ืจ ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืžื ื”ืจื”: ื–ื” ื™ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
13:24
the quest to tackle food waste.
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ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
13:25
Feeding the 5,000 is an event I first organized in 2009.
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"ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ 5,000" ื”ื•ื ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืืจื’ื ืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘-2009.
13:29
We fed 5,000 people all on food that otherwise
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ื”ืื›ืœื ื• 5,000 ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
13:32
would have been wasted.
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ืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื” ื ื–ืจืง ืœืืฉืคื”.
13:33
Since then, it's happened again in London,
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ืžืื– ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
13:35
it's happening internationally, and across the country.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ.
13:37
It's a way of organizations coming together
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ื–ืืช ื“ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื
13:40
to celebrate food, to say the best thing to do with food
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ื•ืœืชืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืžื–ื•ืŸ
13:43
is to eat and enjoy it, and to stop wasting it.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื•ืชื•, ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ื•ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืื•ืชื•.
13:46
For the sake of the planet we live on,
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื,
13:49
for the sake of our children,
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•,
13:52
for the sake of all the other
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื
13:54
organisms that share our planet with us,
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ืฉื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืื™ืชื ื• ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื ื•,
13:56
we are a terrestrial animal, and we depend on our land
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ืื ื• ื‘ืขืœ-ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™, ื•ืื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื“ืžืชื ื•
13:59
for food. At the moment, we are trashing our land
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืžืฉื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ืื“ืžืชื ื•
14:02
to grow food that no one eats.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœ.
14:04
Stop wasting food. Thank you very much. (Applause)
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ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
14:07
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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