The flower-shaped starshade that might help us detect Earth-like planets | Jeremy Kasdin

149,012 views ใƒป 2014-04-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
The universe is teeming with planets.
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ื”ื™ืงื•ื ืžืฉื•ืคืข ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™-ืœื›ืช.
00:16
I want us, in the next decade,
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ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื
00:17
to build a space telescope that'll be able to image
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ื—ืœืœ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช
00:20
an Earth about another star
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ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืืจืฅ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืื—ืจ
00:22
and figure out whether it can harbor life.
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ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื.
00:25
My colleagues at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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ืขืžื™ืชื™ื™ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ื”ื ืขื” ืกื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืืกื
00:27
at Princeton and I are working on technology
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ื‘ืคืจื™ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืื ื•ื›ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
00:30
that will be able to do just that in the coming years.
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ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
00:33
Astronomers now believe that every star
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ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ื“
00:35
in the galaxy has a planet,
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ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื‘ื’ืœืงืกื™ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ืœื›ืช,
00:37
and they speculate that up to one fifth of them
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ืฉืขื“ ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื”ื,
00:39
have an Earth-like planet
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ื”ื ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ
00:41
that might be able to harbor life,
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ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื,
00:42
but we haven't seen any of them.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื.
00:44
We've only detected them indirectly.
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ืื™ืชืจื ื• ืื•ืชื ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื™ืฃ.
00:47
This is NASA's famous picture of the pale blue dot.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ืฉืœ ื ืืกื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื•ืจืช.
00:50
It was taken by the Voyager spacecraft in 1990,
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ื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืœืžื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืœืœื™ืช ื•ื•ื™ื•ื’'ืจ ื‘-1990,
00:53
when they turned it around as it was exiting the solar system
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืืชื” ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ
00:56
to take a picture of the Earth
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืœื ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ
00:57
from six billion kilometers away.
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ืžืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 6 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
01:00
I want to take that
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆืœื ื›ื›ื”
01:01
of an Earth-like planet about another star.
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ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ืœื›ืช ื“ืžื•ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื™ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืื—ืจ.
01:04
Why haven't we done that? Why is that hard?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ืขื“ ื›ื”? ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืงืฉื”?
01:06
Well to see, let's imagine we take
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื
01:08
the Hubble Space Telescope
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ืืช ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืื‘ืœ,
01:10
and we turn it around and we move it out
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ืžืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื•
01:11
to the orbit of Mars.
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ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžืื“ื™ื.
01:13
We'll see something like that,
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ืื– ื ืจืื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”,
01:14
a slightly blurry picture of the Earth,
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ืชืžื•ื ื” ืงืฆืช ืžื˜ื•ืฉื˜ืฉืช ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ,
01:16
because we're a fairly small telescope
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ื“ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ
01:18
out at the orbit of Mars.
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ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืื“ื™ื.
01:20
Now let's move ten times further away.
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ื›ืขืช ื ื ื•ืข ืคื™-10 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื•ืง.
01:22
Here we are at the orbit of Uranus.
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ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจื ื•ืก.
01:24
It's gotten smaller, it's got less detail, less resolve.
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜.
01:26
We can still see the little moon,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืจื—,
01:28
but let's go ten times further away again.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื” ื ื ื•ืข ืขื•ื“ ืคื™-10 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื•ืง.
01:30
Here we are at the edge of the solar system,
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ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ื‘ืงืฆื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
01:32
out at the Kuiper Belt.
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ื‘ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ืงื•ื™ืคืืจ.
01:33
Now it's not resolved at all.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜.
01:35
It's that pale blue dot of Carl Sagan's.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื•ืจืช ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืงืจืœ ืกื’ืืŸ.
01:38
But let's move yet again ten times further away.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื” ื ืชืจื—ืง ืขื•ื“ ืคื™-10.
01:40
Here we are out at the Oort Cloud,
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ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื ื ืช ืื•ืจื˜,
01:41
outside the solar system,
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
01:43
and we're starting to see the sun
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ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ
01:45
move into the field of view
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ื”ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืฉื“ื” ื”ืจืื™ื”
01:46
and get into where the planet is.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ ื ืžืฆื.
01:47
One more time, ten times further away.
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ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื, ื ืจื—ื™ืง ืขื•ื“ ืคื™-10.
01:50
Now we're at Alpha Centauri,
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ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ื‘ืืœืคื ืกื ื˜ืื•ืจื™,
01:51
our nearest neighbor star,
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ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื ื•,
01:52
and the planet is gone.
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ื•ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ ื ืขืœื.
01:54
All we're seeing is the big beaming image of the star
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
01:56
that's ten billion times brighter than the planet,
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ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจืช ืคื™-10 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืžืืฉืจ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ,
01:59
which should be in that little red circle.
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ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื•ื ื”ืงื˜ืŸ.
02:01
That's what we want to see. That's why it's hard.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื” ืงืฉื”.
02:03
The light from the star is diffracting.
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ื”ืื•ืจ ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ ื ืฉื‘ืจ.
02:06
It's scattering inside the telescope,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคื–ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค,
02:07
creating that very bright image
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื”ืงืช
02:09
that washes out the planet.
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ื”ืžืืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื“ืžื•ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ื”ืœื›ืช.
02:11
So to see the planet,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ื”ืœื›ืช,
02:12
we have to do something about all of that light.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
02:14
We have to get rid of it.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืžื ื•.
02:15
I have a lot of colleagues working on
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขืžื™ืชื™ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ
02:17
really amazing technologies to do that,
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช,
02:19
but I want to tell you about one today
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื•ื
02:21
that I think is the coolest,
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ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื”,
02:22
and probably the most likely to get us an Earth
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ื•ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:24
in the next decade.
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ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืœื ื• ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ืœื›ืช ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื.
02:26
It was first suggested by Lyman Spitzer,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืขืœืชื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืžืŸ ืฉืคื™ืฆืจ,
02:28
the father of the space telescope, in 1962,
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ืื‘ื™ ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ื”ื—ืœืœ, ื‘-1962,
02:31
and he took his inspiration from an eclipse.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืืชื• ืžืœื™ืงื•ื™-ื—ืžื”.
02:33
You've all seen that. That's a solar eclipse.
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ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ืชื ื–ืืช. ื–ื”ื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™-ื—ืžื”.
02:35
The moon has moved in front of the sun.
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ื”ื™ืจื— ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
02:37
It blocks out most of the light
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืกื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื•ืจ
02:39
so we can see that dim corona around it.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืขืžื•ืžื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•.
02:42
It would be the same thing if I put my thumb up
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื ืื—ืกื•ื
02:43
and blocked that spotlight that's getting right in my eye,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื’ื•ื“ืœ ืืช ืืœื•ืžืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจ ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™,
02:46
I can see you in the back row.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืชื›ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
02:48
Well, what's going on?
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ืื– ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ?
02:49
Well the moon
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ื”ื™ืจื— ืžื˜ื™ืœ ืฆืœ
02:51
is casting a shadow down on the Earth.
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ืœืžื˜ื” ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ.
02:53
We put a telescope or a camera in that shadow,
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ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ืื• ืžืฆืœืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืฆืœ,
02:57
we look back at the sun,
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ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
02:58
and most of the light's been removed
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื•ืจ ื—ืกื•ื,
03:00
and we can see that dim, fine structure
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืขืžื•ื ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ
03:02
in the corona.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื™ืœื”.
03:03
Spitzer's suggestion was we do this in space.
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ืฉืคื™ืฆืจ ื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉื ื‘ืฆืข ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
03:06
We build a big screen, we fly it in space,
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ื ื‘ื ื” ืžืกืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื ื˜ื™ืก ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ืœืœ,
03:09
we put it up in front of the star,
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ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘,
03:11
we block out most of the light,
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ื ื—ืกื•ื ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืจ,
03:12
we fly a space telescope in that shadow that's created,
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ื ื˜ื™ืก ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ื—ืœืœ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืฆืœ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ,
03:15
and boom, we get to see planets.
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ื•ื”ื ื”, ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™-ืœื›ืช.
03:17
Well that would look something like this.
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ื–ื” ื™ื™ืจืื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืš.
03:20
So there's that big screen,
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ื”ื ื” ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืื‘ืœ
03:22
and there's no planets,
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03:22
because unfortunately it doesn't actually work very well,
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ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™-ืœื›ืช,
ื›ื™ ืœืฆืขืจื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘,
03:25
because the light waves of the light and waves
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื’ืœื™ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื ืฉื‘ืจื™ื
03:28
diffracts around that screen
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ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืžืกืš
03:29
the same way it did in the telescope.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื” ื‘ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค.
03:31
It's like water bending around a rock in a stream,
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ืจื ืžื™ื ืžืชืขืงื ืœื™ื“ ืกืœืข,
03:34
and all that light just destroys the shadow.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืจืก ืืช ื”ืฆืœ.
03:36
It's a terrible shadow. And we can't see planets.
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ื–ื”ื• ืฆืœ ื’ืจื•ืข ื•ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™-ืœื›ืช.
03:39
But Spitzer actually knew the answer.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืคื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
03:41
If we can feather the edges, soften those edges
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ืื ื ื—ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช, ื ืจื›ืš ืื•ืชืŸ
03:43
so we can control diffraction,
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืื•ืจ,
03:45
well then we can see a planet,
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ื•ืื– ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ืœื›ืช.
03:47
and in the last 10 years or so we've come up
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ื‘-10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืขืœ
03:48
with optimal solutions for doing that.
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ืคื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช.
03:50
It looks something like that.
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืš.
03:54
We call that our flower petal starshade.
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ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืžื—ืกื”-ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืขืœื™-ื›ื•ืชืจืช.
03:56
If we make the edges of those petals exactly right,
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ืื ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืœื™-ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช,
03:59
if we control their shape,
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ืื ืื ื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืชื,
04:01
we can control diffraction,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืจื”,
04:02
and now we have a great shadow.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฆืœ ื ืคืœื.
04:04
It's about 10 billion times dimmer than it was before,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื™-10 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื•ื ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื“ื,
04:06
and we can see the planets beam out just like that.
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ื•ื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืจ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™-ื”ืœื›ืช.
04:10
That, of course, has to be bigger than my thumb.
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ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœื™.
04:12
That starshade is about
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ืžื—ืกื” ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื–ื”,
04:13
the size of half a football field
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ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื’ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ
04:15
and it has to fly 50,000 kilometers away from the telescope
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ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœื˜ื•ืก 50 ืืœืฃ ืง"ืž ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื”ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค,
04:18
that has to be held right in its shadow,
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ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฆืœ ื”ืžื—ืกื”,
04:20
and then we can see those planets.
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ื•ืื– ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™-ื”ืœื›ืช.
04:22
This sounds formidable,
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™,
04:24
but brilliant engineers, colleagues of mine at JPL,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื, ืฉื”ื ืขืžื™ืชื™ื™ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ื”ื ืขื” ืกื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช,
04:27
came up with a fabulous design for how to do that
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ืขื™ืฆื‘ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ื–ืืช
04:30
and it looks like this.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืš.
04:31
It starts wrapped around a hub.
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ื”ืžื—ืกื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžืงื•ืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ.
04:32
It separates from the telescope.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค.
04:34
The petals unfurl, they open up,
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ืขืœื™-ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื ืคืจืฉื™ื, ื”ื ื ืคืชื—ื™ื,
04:37
the telescope turns around.
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ื”ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘.
04:38
Then you'll see it flip and fly out
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ื•ืื– ื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ืžืกื‘ืกื‘ ื•ื˜ืก ืžืฉื
04:41
that 50,000 kilometers away from the telescope.
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ืœืžืจื—ืง 50 ืืœืฃ ืง"ืž ืžื”ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค.
04:44
It's going to move in front of the star
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืžืงื ืžื•ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘
04:46
just like that, creates a wonderful shadow.
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืš, ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฆืœ ื ืคืœื,
04:50
Boom, we get planets orbiting about it.
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ื•ื”ื ื”, ื ืจืื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™-ืœื›ืช ื—ื’ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•.
04:53
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:55
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
04:57
That's not science fiction.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™.
04:59
We've been working on this for the last five or six years.
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ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš 5 ืื• 6 ืฉื ื™ื.
05:02
Last summer, we did a really cool test
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ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื’ืข
05:05
out in California at Northrop Grumman.
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ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื•ืจืชืจื•ืค-ื’ืจื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
05:07
So those are four petals.
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ื”ื ื” ืืจื‘ืขืช ืขืœื™-ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช.
05:09
This is a sub-scale star shade.
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ื–ื”ื• ื“ื’ื ืžื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืกื”.
05:10
It's about half the size of the one you just saw.
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ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืžื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื ืงื•ื“ื.
05:13
You'll see the petals unfurl.
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ืชืจืื• ืืช ืขืœื™-ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื ืคืชื—ื™ื.
05:14
Those four petals were built by four undergraduates
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ืืจื‘ืขื” ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช
05:16
doing a summer internship at JPL.
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ืขืœื™-ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืงื™ืฅ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
05:19
Now you're seeing it deploy.
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ื›ืขืช ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื ืคืชื—ื™ื.
05:20
Those petals have to rotate into place.
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ืžื.
05:22
The base of those petals
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ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืขืœื™-ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช
05:23
has to go to the same place every time
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื
05:26
to within a tenth of a millimeter.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ.
05:27
We ran this test 16 times,
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ื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” 16 ืคืขืžื™ื,
05:29
and 16 times it went into the exact same place
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื
05:32
to a tenth of a millimeter.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช ื”ืž"ืž.
05:33
This has to be done very precisely,
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ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื™ืจื‘ื™,
05:35
but if we can do this, if we can build this technology,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ื–ื•,
05:38
if we can get it into space,
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ื•ืื ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ืœืœ,
05:39
you might see something like this.
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื ืจืื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
05:41
That's a picture of one our nearest neighbor stars
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ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื ื•
05:43
taken with the Hubble Space Telescope.
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ืฉืฆื•ืœืžื” ืžื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ื”ืื‘ืœ.
05:46
If we can take a similar space telescope,
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ืื ื ื™ืงื— ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ื“ื•ืžื”,
05:48
slightly larger,
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ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
05:49
put it out there,
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ื ืžืงื ืื•ืชื• ืฉื,
05:51
fly an occulter in front of it,
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ื ื˜ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื” ืืœ ืžื•ืœื•,
05:52
what we might see is something like that --
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื ืจืื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื” --
05:54
that's a family portrait of our solar system -- but not ours.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื• -- ืœื ืฉืœื ื•.
05:57
We're hoping it'll be someone else's solar system
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ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืžืฉ ืื—ืจืช
06:00
as seen through an occulter,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืžื—ืกื” ืฉืœื ื•,
06:02
through a starshade like that.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื—ืกื”-ืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
06:03
You can see Jupiter, you can see Saturn,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืฆื“ืง, ืืช ืฉื‘ืชืื™,
06:05
Uranus, Neptune, and right there in the center,
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ืื•ืจื ื•ืก, ื ืคื˜ื•ืŸ, ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–,
06:07
next to the residual light
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ืœื™ื“ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ, ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช
06:09
is that pale blue dot. That's Earth.
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื•ืจืช. ื–ื”ื• ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ.
06:11
We want to see that, see if there's water,
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื”, ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ืžื™ื,
06:13
oxygen, ozone,
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ื—ืžืฆืŸ, ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ,
06:14
the things that might tell us that it could harbor life.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื—ื™ื™ื.
06:17
I think this is the coolest possible science.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื’ืฉ ืฉืงื™ื™ื.
06:19
That's why I got into doing this,
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœื–ื”,
06:21
because I think that will change the world.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื ื•.
06:23
That will change everything when we see that.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”.
06:25
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
06:27
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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