The flower-shaped starshade that might help us detect Earth-like planets | Jeremy Kasdin

148,927 views

2014-04-17 ใƒป TED


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The flower-shaped starshade that might help us detect Earth-like planets | Jeremy Kasdin

148,927 views ใƒป 2014-04-17

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Pauline Seeun Choi
00:12
The universe is teeming with planets.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฝ‰ ์ฐจ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
I want us, in the next decade,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
00:17
to build a space telescope that'll be able to image
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ„์˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
00:20
an Earth about another star
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
00:22
and figure out whether it can harbor life.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
My colleagues at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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ํ”„๋ฆฐ์Šคํ„ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ ์ œํŠธ์ถ”์ง„ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค
00:27
at Princeton and I are working on technology
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์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ €๋Š”
00:30
that will be able to do just that in the coming years.
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๊ณง ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
Astronomers now believe that every star
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ„์ด
00:35
in the galaxy has a planet,
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ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
and they speculate that up to one fifth of them
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 1/5์€
00:39
have an Earth-like planet
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์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์„œ
00:41
that might be able to harbor life,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:42
but we haven't seen any of them.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
We've only detected them indirectly.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ–‰์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:47
This is NASA's famous picture of the pale blue dot.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์˜ "ํฌ๋ฏธํ•œ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ์ "์ด๋ž€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์—์š”.
00:50
It was taken by the Voyager spacecraft in 1990,
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1990๋…„์— ๋ณด์ด์ ธ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์ด ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
00:53
when they turned it around as it was exiting the solar system
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
00:56
to take a picture of the Earth
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์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค
00:57
from six billion kilometers away.
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60์–ต ํ‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
I want to take that
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š”
01:01
of an Earth-like planet about another star.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
Why haven't we done that? Why is that hard?
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด๊ฐ€์š”?
01:06
Well to see, let's imagine we take
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ ค๋ฉด
01:08
the Hubble Space Telescope
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ํ—ˆ๋ธ” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค
01:10
and we turn it around and we move it out
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๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
01:11
to the orbit of Mars.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ™”์„ฑ ๊ถค๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
We'll see something like that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
a slightly blurry picture of the Earth,
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ๋ฆฐ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์ฃ .
01:16
because we're a fairly small telescope
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™”์„ฑ ๊ถค๋„์—์„œ๋Š”
01:18
out at the orbit of Mars.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:20
Now let's move ten times further away.
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์ด์ œ 10๋ฐฐ์ฏค ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
01:22
Here we are at the orbit of Uranus.
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์ฒœ์™•์„ฑ ๊ถค๋„์— ์„œ๋ฉด
01:24
It's gotten smaller, it's got less detail, less resolve.
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๋” ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ , ์ž์„ธํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
We can still see the little moon,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ž‘์€ ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:28
but let's go ten times further away again.
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10๋ฐฐ ์ฏค ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋ณผ๊ฐ€์š”.
01:30
Here we are at the edge of the solar system,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์˜ ๋์ธ ์นด์ดํผ๋Œ€์—
01:32
out at the Kuiper Belt.
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๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Now it's not resolved at all.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•จ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
It's that pale blue dot of Carl Sagan's.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์นผ ์„ธ์ด๊ฑด์ด ๋งํ•œ "ํฌ๋ฏธํ•œ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ์ "์ด์—์š”.
01:38
But let's move yet again ten times further away.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ 10๋ฐฐ์ฏค ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Here we are out at the Oort Cloud,
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์ด์ œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ธ
01:41
outside the solar system,
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์˜ค๋ฅดํŠธ ์„ฑ์šด์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
and we're starting to see the sun
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์ด
01:45
move into the field of view
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๊ฐ€์‹œ ์˜์—ญ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์ธ
01:46
and get into where the planet is.
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ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์—ฌ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
One more time, ten times further away.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋” 10๋ฐฐ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
01:50
Now we're at Alpha Centauri,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ด์›ƒ์ธ
01:51
our nearest neighbor star,
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์ผ„ํƒ€์šฐ์Šค ์ž๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ณ„์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:52
and the planet is gone.
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ํ–‰์„ฑ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
All we're seeing is the big beaming image of the star
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณค ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ณ„๋น› ์ค„๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ
01:56
that's ten billion times brighter than the planet,
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ํ–‰์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค 100์–ต ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ์•„์š”.
01:59
which should be in that little red circle.
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๊ทธ ๋น›์ด ์ € ์ž‘์€ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์› ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
That's what we want to see. That's why it's hard.
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์ €๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”. ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต์ฃ .
02:03
The light from the star is diffracting.
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๋ณ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋น›์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
It's scattering inside the telescope,
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด
02:07
creating that very bright image
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ
02:09
that washes out the planet.
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ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์š”.
02:11
So to see the planet,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
02:12
we have to do something about all of that light.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋น› ์ค„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
We have to get rid of it.
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์—†์• ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:15
I have a lot of colleagues working on
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์ œ๊ฒ ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ
02:17
really amazing technologies to do that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ
02:19
but I want to tell you about one today
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
02:21
that I think is the coolest,
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์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ด์š”.
02:22
and probably the most likely to get us an Earth
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ 10๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„
02:24
in the next decade.
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์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
It was first suggested by Lyman Spitzer,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ผ์ด๋จผ ์Šคํ”ผ์ฒ˜ (Lyman Spitzer)๊ฐ€ 1962๋…„์—
02:28
the father of the space telescope, in 1962,
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์ฒ˜์Œ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—์š”.
02:31
and he took his inspiration from an eclipse.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผ์‹์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
You've all seen that. That's a solar eclipse.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด์žˆ์ฃ . ์ผ์‹์ด์—์š”.
02:35
The moon has moved in front of the sun.
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๋‹ฌ์ด ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์•ž์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
It blocks out most of the light
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋น›์ด ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ ธ์„œ
02:39
so we can see that dim corona around it.
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:42
It would be the same thing if I put my thumb up
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์ œ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š”
02:43
and blocked that spotlight that's getting right in my eye,
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์กฐ๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์—์š”.
02:46
I can see you in the back row.
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๋’ค์ชฝ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Well, what's going on?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:49
Well the moon
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์ž, ๋‹ฌ์ด
02:51
is casting a shadow down on the Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
We put a telescope or a camera in that shadow,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ € ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž ์•ˆ์— ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์ฃ .
02:57
we look back at the sun,
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ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:58
and most of the light's been removed
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋น›์ด ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ ธ์„œ
03:00
and we can see that dim, fine structure
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ
03:02
in the corona.
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
Spitzer's suggestion was we do this in space.
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์Šคํ”ผ์ฒ˜์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
We build a big screen, we fly it in space,
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์ปค๋‹คํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋ฆผ๋ง‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๋„์šด ๋‹ค์Œ,
03:09
we put it up in front of the star,
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๋ณ„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์ชฝ์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
we block out most of the light,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋น›์ด ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ง€์ฃ .
03:12
we fly a space telescope in that shadow that's created,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ € ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ์ฒด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
and boom, we get to see planets.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํŒก! ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Well that would look something like this.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
So there's that big screen,
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ฐ€๋ฆผ๋ง‰์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:22
and there's no planets,
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03:22
because unfortunately it doesn't actually work very well,
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ํ–‰์„ฑ์€ ์•ˆ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:25
because the light waves of the light and waves
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
03:28
diffracts around that screen
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๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ๋™์ด ์ € ๊ฐ€๋ฆผ๋ง‰ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ
03:29
the same way it did in the telescope.
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์‚ฐ๋ž€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
03:31
It's like water bending around a rock in a stream,
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๋ƒ‡๋ฌผ ์† ๋ฐ”์œ„ ์ฃผ์œ„์—์„œ ๋ฌผ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
03:34
and all that light just destroys the shadow.
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๊ทธ ๋น›์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ง์ณ๋†“๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:36
It's a terrible shadow. And we can't see planets.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
But Spitzer actually knew the answer.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์Šคํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:41
If we can feather the edges, soften those edges
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ฑ๋‹ˆ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ทธ ๋์„ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:43
so we can control diffraction,
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๋น›์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ž€์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
well then we can see a planet,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
and in the last 10 years or so we've come up
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์ง€๋‚œ 10์—ฌ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:48
with optimal solutions for doing that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ตœ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
It looks something like that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:54
We call that our flower petal starshade.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €๊ฑธ ๊ฝƒ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๋ณ„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
If we make the edges of those petals exactly right,
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์ด ๊ฝƒ์žŽ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๋์„ ๋”ฑ ์•Œ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด
03:59
if we control their shape,
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์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉด
04:01
we can control diffraction,
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๋น›์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
04:02
and now we have a great shadow.
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๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
It's about 10 billion times dimmer than it was before,
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๋น›์€ ์ด์ œ ์•ฝ 100๋ฐฐ ์–ด๋‘ก๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์„œ
04:06
and we can see the planets beam out just like that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๋น›์„ ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
That, of course, has to be bigger than my thumb.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ€๋ฆผ๋ง‰์€ ์ œ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ปค์•ผ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
04:12
That starshade is about
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์ € ๊ฐ€๋ฆผ๋ง‰์€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ์žฅ์˜
04:13
the size of half a football field
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์•ฝ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ด๊ณ 
04:15
and it has to fly 50,000 kilometers away from the telescope
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋†“์ผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
04:18
that has to be held right in its shadow,
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5๋งŒ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
and then we can see those planets.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
This sounds formidable,
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์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ง€๋งŒ
04:24
but brilliant engineers, colleagues of mine at JPL,
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JPL ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€
04:27
came up with a fabulous design for how to do that
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ง‰ํžŒ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
and it looks like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:31
It starts wrapped around a hub.
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์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๊ณ  ๋Œ๋ฉฐ
04:32
It separates from the telescope.
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
The petals unfurl, they open up,
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๊ฝƒ์žŽ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ํŽผ์ณ์ ธ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
04:37
the telescope turns around.
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€์š”.
04:38
Then you'll see it flip and fly out
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ –ํ˜€
04:41
that 50,000 kilometers away from the telescope.
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์—์„œ 5๋งŒ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€
04:44
It's going to move in front of the star
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๋ณ„์˜ ์•ž ์ชฝ์— ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„์š”.
04:46
just like that, creates a wonderful shadow.
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์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
04:50
Boom, we get planets orbiting about it.
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๋์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ„ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:55
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
That's not science fiction.
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์ €๊ฑด ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
04:59
We've been working on this for the last five or six years.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ๋Œ€์—ฌ์„ฏ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Last summer, we did a really cool test
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์ง€๋‚œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜
05:05
out in California at Northrop Grumman.
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05:07
So those are four petals.
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์ €๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฝƒ์žŽ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
This is a sub-scale star shade.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž์˜ ์ถ•์†ŒํŒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
05:10
It's about half the size of the one you just saw.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ „์— ๋ณด์‹  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„๋˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
You'll see the petals unfurl.
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๊ฝƒ์žŽ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
Those four petals were built by four undergraduates
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์ € 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฝƒ์žŽ ๋ชจ์–‘์€ JPL ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ๋™์•ˆ
05:16
doing a summer internship at JPL.
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์ธํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
Now you're seeing it deploy.
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์ž ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๋ฐ์š”.
05:20
Those petals have to rotate into place.
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๊ฝƒ์žŽ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ 
05:22
The base of those petals
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์•„๋žซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
05:23
has to go to the same place every time
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1/10 ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ
05:26
to within a tenth of a millimeter.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
We ran this test 16 times,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ 16ํšŒ๋‚˜ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
and 16 times it went into the exact same place
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16๋ฒˆ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:32
to a tenth of a millimeter.
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1/10 ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์š”.
05:33
This has to be done very precisely,
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:35
but if we can do this, if we can build this technology,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
05:38
if we can get it into space,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
05:39
you might see something like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๋Ÿฐ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
That's a picture of one our nearest neighbor stars
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์ € ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์ด์›ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ„ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ์š”
05:43
taken with the Hubble Space Telescope.
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ํ—ˆ๋ธ” ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
If we can take a similar space telescope,
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์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
05:48
slightly larger,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ปค์•ผ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:49
put it out there,
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๋‹ค์Œ
05:51
fly an occulter in front of it,
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๊ทธ ์•ž์— ๊ฐ€๋ฆผ๋ง‰์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
05:52
what we might see is something like that --
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
that's a family portrait of our solar system -- but not ours.
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์ €๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ํ–‰์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์ง€์š”.
05:57
We're hoping it'll be someone else's solar system
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฆผ๋ง‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
06:00
as seen through an occulter,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ„์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
06:02
through a starshade like that.
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์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณ„์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:03
You can see Jupiter, you can see Saturn,
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๋ชฉ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ํ† ์„ฑ,
06:05
Uranus, Neptune, and right there in the center,
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์ฒœ์™•์„ฑ, ํ•ด์™•์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—
06:07
next to the residual light
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์ž”๊ด‘ ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:09
is that pale blue dot. That's Earth.
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ํฌ๋ฏธํ•œ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ์ , ์ง€๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
We want to see that, see if there's water,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”, ๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—,
06:13
oxygen, ozone,
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๋‚˜ ์˜ค์กด์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
06:14
the things that might tell us that it could harbor life.
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์ž‰ํƒœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
I think this is the coolest possible science.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ณผํ•™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
06:19
That's why I got into doing this,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
because I think that will change the world.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:23
That will change everything when we see that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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