Isabel Behncke: Evolution's gift of play, from bonobo apes to humans

82,731 views ใƒป 2011-03-22

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Sigal Tifferet ืžื‘ืงืจ: Shahar Kaiser
00:15
I just came back from a community
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืžืงื”ื™ืœื”
00:17
that holds the secret to human survival.
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ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
00:21
It's a place where women run the show,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื ื”ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื,
00:24
have sex to say hello,
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ืกืงืก ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื•ื,
00:26
and play rules the day --
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ื•ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ื -
00:28
where fun is serious business.
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ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื›ื™ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืจืฆื™ื ื™.
00:31
And no, this isn't Burning Man
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ื•ืœื, ื–ื” ืœื ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื’ืื™ื”
00:33
or San Francisco.
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ืื• ืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•.
00:35
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:37
Ladies and gentlemen, meet your cousins.
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ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™, ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื›ื.
00:40
This is the world of wild bonobos
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื• ืคืจืื™ื™ื
00:43
in the jungles of Congo.
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ื‘ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ื’ื•.
00:45
Bonobos are, together with chimpanzees,
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ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื,
00:48
your living closest relative.
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ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื ื•.
00:51
That means we all share a common ancestor,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืื ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช,
00:54
an evolutionary grandmother,
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ืกื‘ืชื ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช,
00:56
who lived around six million years ago.
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ืฉื—ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›-6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”.
01:00
Now, chimpanzees are well-known
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
01:02
for their aggression.
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
01:04
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:07
But unfortunately,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ,
01:09
we have made too much of an emphasis
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ื”ื“ื’ืฉื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™
01:11
of this aspect
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ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•
01:13
in our narratives of human evolution.
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ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
01:16
But bonobos show us
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื• ืžืจืื™ื ืœื ื•
01:18
the other side of the coin.
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ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข.
01:20
While chimpanzees
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื
01:22
are dominated by big, scary guys,
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ื ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื™ื,
01:25
bonobo society
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื•
01:27
is run by empowered females.
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ื ืฉืœื˜ืช ืข"ื™ ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช.
01:31
These guys have really worked something out,
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืืœื” ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฉื”ื•,
01:34
since this leads to a highly tolerant society
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื™ืช
01:37
where fatal violence
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ื‘ื” ื˜ืจื ื ืฆืคืชื”
01:39
has not been observed yet.
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ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช.
01:42
But unfortunately,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ,
01:44
bonobos are the least understood
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ื”ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื
01:46
of the great apes.
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ืžื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
01:48
They live in the depths of the Congolese jungle,
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ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœ ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ื•,
01:51
and it has been very difficult to study them.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืื•ืชื.
01:54
The Congo is a paradox --
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ืงื•ื ื’ื• ื”ื™ื ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก -
01:57
a land of extraordinary biodiversity and beauty,
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ืืจืฅ ืขื ื™ื•ืคื™ ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ,
02:01
but also the heart of darkness itself --
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ืืš ื’ื ืœื‘ ื”ืžืืคืœื™ื”,
02:04
the scene of a violent conflict
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ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืืœื™ื
02:07
that has raged for decades
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ืฉืžืฉืชื•ืœืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื
02:09
and claimed nearly as many lives
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ื•ื’ื‘ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื–ื”ื”
02:12
as the First World War.
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ืœื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
02:16
Not surprisingly,
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ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข,
02:18
this destruction also endangers bonobo survival.
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ื”ื”ืจืก ื”ื–ื” ืžืกื›ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื•.
02:22
Bushmeat trades and forest loss
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ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ืฆื™ื“ ื•ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช
02:25
means we couldn't fill a small stadium
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืœื ืืฆื˜ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ
02:28
with all the bonobos that are left in the world --
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื• ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
02:30
and we're not even sure of that to be honest.
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ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื’ื ื‘ื›ืš ืื ื• ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
02:34
Yet, in this land of violence and chaos,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืืจืฅ ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื›ืื•ืก,
02:38
you can hear hidden laughter
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฆื—ื•ืง ื—ื‘ื•ื™
02:41
swaying the trees.
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ื”ืžื ื“ื ื“ ืืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื.
02:43
Who are these cousins?
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ืžื™ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
02:46
We know them as the "make love, not war" apes
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ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ืงื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœ "ืขืฉื• ืื”ื‘ื”, ืœื ืžืœื—ืžื”"
02:50
since they have frequent, promiscuous
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื,
02:52
and bisexual sex
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ืžืชื™ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื™ื,
02:54
to manage conflict
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื
02:56
and solve social issues.
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ื•ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
02:58
Now, I'm not saying this is the solution
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื–ื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ
03:00
to all of humanity's problems --
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ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
03:04
since there's more to bonobo life
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงืืžื” ืกื•ื˜ืจื”
03:06
than the Kama Sutra.
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื•.
03:08
Bonobos, like humans,
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ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื•, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
03:10
love to play throughout their entire lives.
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ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
03:12
Play is not just child's games.
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ืžืฉื—ืง ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
03:14
For us and them,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจื,
03:16
play is foundational for bonding relationships
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ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ืงืฉืจื™ื
03:19
and fostering tolerance.
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช.
03:21
It's where we learn to trust
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—,
03:23
and where we learn about the rules of the game.
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ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง.
03:26
Play increases creativity
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ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช
03:28
and resilience,
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ื•ื—ื•ืกืŸ,
03:31
and it's all about the generation of diversity --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ -
03:34
diversity of interactions,
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ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช,
03:36
diversity of behaviors,
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ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช,
03:38
diversity of connections.
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ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืงืฉืจื™ื.
03:41
And when you watch bonobo play,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื,
03:43
you're seeing the very evolutionary roots
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™
03:46
of human laughter, dance
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ืฉืœ ืฆื—ื•ืง, ืจื™ืงื•ื“
03:48
and ritual.
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ื•ื˜ืงืกื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
03:50
Play is the glue
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ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืง
03:52
that binds us together.
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ืฉืงื•ืฉืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื™ื—ื“.
03:54
Now, I don't know how you play,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืืชื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื,
03:57
but I want to show you a couple of unique clips
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ืงืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื
03:59
fresh from the wild.
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ื™ืฉืจ ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
04:01
First, it's a ball game bonobo-style --
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื–ื” ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื•,
04:04
and I do not mean football.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ...
04:07
So here,
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ,
04:09
we have a young female and a male
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื ืงื‘ื” ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
04:11
engaged in a chase game.
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ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ืชื•ืคืกืช.
04:14
Have a look what she's doing.
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ืชืจืื• ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื”.
04:16
It might be the evolutionary origin of the phrase,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™:
04:18
"she's got him by the balls."
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"ืชื•ืคืกืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื".
04:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:23
Only I think that he's rather loving it here, right?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื ื”ื ื” ืžื–ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:27
Yeah.
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ื›ืŸ.
04:29
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:31
So sex play is common
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ืื– ืžืฉื—ืง ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื™ื—
04:33
in both bonobos and humans.
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ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื• ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื“ื.
04:35
And this video is really interesting
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ื•ื”ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• ื”ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
04:37
because it shows --
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืจืื”,
04:39
this video's really interesting
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ื”ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• ื”ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
04:41
because it shows the inventiveness
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืจืื” ืืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ืžืฆืื”
04:43
of bringing unusual elements into play --
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ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืœื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉื—ืง,
04:46
such as testicles --
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ื›ืžื• ืืฉื›ื™ื,
04:49
and also how play both requires trust
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ื•ื’ื ืื™ืš ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืืžื•ืŸ
04:52
and fosters trust --
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ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืืžื•ืŸ,
04:55
while at the same time being tremendous fun.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืฃ ืขืฆื•ื.
04:57
But play's a shapeshifter.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืฆื•ืจืชื•.
04:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:02
Play's a shapeshifter,
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ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช,
05:04
and it can take many forms,
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ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
05:06
some of which are more quiet,
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ื—ืœืงืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืงื˜ื•ืช,
05:08
imaginative, curious --
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ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืกืงืจื ื™ื•ืช -
05:10
maybe where wonder is discovered anew.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืคืœื™ืื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช.
05:13
And I want you to see,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืจืื•
05:15
this is Fuku, a young female,
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ื–ื• ืคื•ืงื•, ื ืงื‘ื” ืฆืขื™ืจื”,
05:17
and she is quietly playing with water.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงืช ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ืขื ืžื™ื.
05:19
I think, like her,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ืžื•ื”,
05:21
we sometimes play alone,
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ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื‘ื“,
05:23
and we explore the boundaries
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ื•ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช
05:25
of our inner and our outer worlds.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
05:28
And it's that playful curiosity
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ื•ืื•ืชื” ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ืช
05:30
that drives us to explore, drives us to interact,
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ื“ื•ื—ืคืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื—ืงื•ืจ, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจื™ื.
05:34
and then the unexpected connections we form
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ื•ืื– ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
05:37
are the real hotbed for creativity.
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ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ืžืžื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
05:41
So these are just small tasters
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ืื– ืืœื” ืจืง ื›ืžื” ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช
05:44
into the insights that bonobo give us
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื•
05:46
to our past and present.
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ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
05:49
But they also hold a secret for our future,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื•,
05:52
a future where we need to adapt
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ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ
05:54
to an increasingly challenging world
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ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:57
through greater creativity
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืช"ืค
05:59
and greater cooperation.
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ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:01
The secret is that play is the key
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ื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืคืชื—
06:04
to these capacities.
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ืœื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื”.
06:06
In other words,
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช,
06:08
play is our adaptive wildcard.
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ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ื’'ื•ืงืจ ื”ืื“ืคื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
06:10
In order to adapt successfully
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”
06:12
to a changing world,
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื”,
06:14
we need to play.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง.
06:18
But will we make the most of our playfulness?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืžื”ืฉืชื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช?
06:21
Play is not frivolous.
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ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฉื•ืœื™,
06:23
Play's essential.
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ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™.
06:25
For bonobos and humans alike,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื›ืื—ื“,
06:28
life is not just red in tooth and claw.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืจืง ืžืื‘ืง ืืœื™ื.
06:31
In times when it seems least appropriate to play,
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ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ืจืื” ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง,
06:34
it might be the times when it is most urgent.
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืœืฉื—ืง.
06:38
And so, my fellow primates,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืžืื˜ื™ื,
06:41
let us embrace this gift from evolution
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืืžืฅ ืžืชื ื” ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื•
06:44
and play together,
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ื•ื ืฉื—ืง ื ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•,
06:46
as we rediscover creativity,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
06:49
fellowship and wonder.
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืคืœื™ืื”.
06:51
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
06:53
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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