Debate: Does the world need nuclear energy?

504,947 views ใƒป 2010-06-10

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yaakov Davis ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
Chris Anderson: We're having a debate.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ืื ื• ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช.
00:17
The debate is over the proposition:
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ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืจื”:
00:19
"What the world needs now
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"ืžื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื• ื›ืขืช
00:21
is nuclear energy." True or false?
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ื”ื•ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช" -- ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื• ืœื?
00:24
And before we have the debate,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืžื•ืช
00:26
I'd like to actually take a show of hands --
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ืืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” --
00:28
on balance, right now, are you for or against this?
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ืื ืืชื ื‘ืขื“ ืื• ื ื’ื“ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช?
00:31
So those who are "yes," raise your hand. "For."
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ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืขื“, ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื•.
00:35
Okay, hands down.
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ืชื•ื“ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“.
00:37
Those who are against, raise your hands.
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ืžื™ ืฉื ื’ื“, ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื•.
00:40
Okay, I'm reading that at about
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ืื•ืงื™. ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช
00:43
75 to 25 in favor at the start.
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ื”ื 75-25 ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืขื“ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•.
00:46
Which means we're going to take a vote at the end
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ
00:49
and see how that shifts, if at all.
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
00:52
So here's the format: They're going to have six minutes each,
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช: ืœื›ืœ ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื• 6 ื“ืงื•ืช
00:54
and then after one little, quick exchange between them,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื,
00:57
I want two people on each side of this debate in the audience
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืงื”ืœ ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“
00:59
to have 30 seconds
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ืฉื™ืฆื™ื’ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš 30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช
01:01
to make one short, crisp, pungent, powerful point.
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ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืงืฆืจื”, ืžืžืฆื”, ื•ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช.
01:05
So, in favor of the proposition, possibly shockingly,
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ืื–, ื‘ืขื“ ื”ืืžื™ืจื”, ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข,
01:08
is one of, truly, the founders of the
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ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ื
01:10
environmental movement,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช,
01:12
a long-standing TEDster, the founder of the Whole Earth Catalog,
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ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘-TED, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ Whole Earth Catalog,
01:15
someone we all know and love, Stewart Brand.
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ืื—ื“ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื, ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜ ื‘ืจื ื“.
01:18
Stewart Brand: Whoa.
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ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜ ื‘ืจื ื“, ืื•ื”ื”!
01:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:22
The saying is that with climate, those who know the most
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืงืœื™ื, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:24
are the most worried.
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ืืชื” ืžื•ื“ืื’ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:26
With nuclear, those who know the most
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:28
are the least worried.
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ืืชื” ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืคื—ื•ืช.
01:30
A classic example is James Hansen,
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื”ื ืกืŸ,
01:32
a NASA climatologist
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ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืืงืœื™ื ืžื ืืก"ื
01:34
pushing for 350 parts per million
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ืฉืžื˜ื™ืฃ ืœื™ืขื“ ืฉืœ 350 ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™
01:36
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
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ืžืชื•ืš ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”.
01:38
He came out with a wonderful book recently
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ื”ื•ื ืคืจืกื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืกืคืจ ื ืคืœื
01:40
called "Storms of My Grandchildren."
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ื‘ืฉื "ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื•ืชื™ืจ ืœื ื›ื“ื™" (ืชืจื’ื•ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ - ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ: "Storms of My Grandchildren").
01:42
And Hansen is hard over for nuclear power,
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ื”ื ืกืŸ ืชื•ืžืš ื ืžืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช,
01:45
as are most climatologists
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
01:47
who are engaging this issue seriously.
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ื”ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.
01:50
This is the design situation:
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ื”ื ื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื”:
01:52
a planet that is facing climate change
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ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืœื›ืช ื”ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ื,
01:55
and is now half urban.
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ืฉื›ืขืช ืžืื•ื›ืœืก ื‘ื—ืฆื™ื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
01:58
Look at the client base for this.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™.
02:00
Five out of six of us
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ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžืืชื ื•
02:02
live in the developing world.
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ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—.
02:04
We are moving to cities. We are moving up in the world.
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ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืจื™ื. ืื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื.
02:07
And we are educating our kids,
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ื•ืื ื• ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•,
02:09
having fewer kids,
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ืžื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
02:11
basically good news all around.
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ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ.
02:13
But we move to cities, toward the bright lights,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืจื™ื, ืœืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
02:15
and one of the things that is there that we want, besides jobs,
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ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื, ืžืœื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
02:17
is electricity.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉืžืœ.
02:19
And if it isn't easily gotten, we'll go ahead and steal it.
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ื•ืื ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื–ื•ืœ, ืื ื• ื ื’ื ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื•.
02:22
This is one of the most desired things
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ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื—ืฉืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:24
by poor people all over the world,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
02:26
in the cities and in the countryside.
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ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื.
02:30
Electricity for cities, at its best,
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ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืขืจื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื•,
02:32
is what's called baseload electricity.
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ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืขื•ืžืก ื‘ืกื™ืก".
02:34
That's where it is on
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘
02:36
all the time.
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ืชืžื™ื“.
02:38
And so far there are only three major sources of that --
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ื•ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื• --
02:41
coal and gas, hydro-electric,
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ืคื—ื ื•ื’ื–, ื”ื™ื“ืจื•-ืืœืงื˜ืจื™,
02:43
which in most places is maxed-out --
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ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื ื•ืฆืœ ืขื“ ืชื•ื,
02:45
and nuclear.
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ื•ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™.
02:47
I would love to have something in the fourth place here,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™,
02:50
but in terms of constant, clean,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ื ืงื™ื™ื”
02:52
scalable energy,
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ื•ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื—,
02:54
[solar] and wind and the other renewables
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ืฉืžืฉ, ืจื•ื—, ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื
02:56
aren't there yet because they're inconstant.
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ืœื ืฉื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื.
02:58
Nuclear is and has been for 40 years.
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ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื” 40 ืฉื ื”.
03:02
Now, from an environmental standpoint,
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ืžื–ื•ื™ืช ืจืื™ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช,
03:04
the main thing you want to look at
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™
03:06
is what happens to the waste from nuclear and from coal,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœืคืกื•ืœืช ืžื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื•ืžืคื—ื,
03:09
the two major sources of electricity.
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ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ.
03:13
If all of your electricity in your lifetime came from nuclear,
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ืื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืฆืจื›ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื’ืจืขื™ืŸ,
03:16
the waste from that lifetime of electricity
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ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ืžื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื—ืฉืžืœ
03:18
would go in a Coke can --
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืคื—ื™ืช ืงื•ืงื” ืงื•ืœื” --
03:20
a pretty heavy Coke can, about two pounds.
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ืคื—ื™ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืœืžื“ื™, ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจื ื‘ืขืจืš.
03:24
But one day of coal
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืคื—ื
03:27
adds up to one hell of a lot
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ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:29
of carbon dioxide
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ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™
03:31
in a normal one-gigawatt coal-fired plant.
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ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ื›ื•ื— ืคื—ืžื™ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื’ื”-ื•ื•ืื˜ ืื—ื“.
03:36
Then what happens to the waste?
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ื•ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœืคืกื•ืœืช?
03:38
The nuclear waste typically goes into
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ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืžื•ื˜ืžื ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ
03:40
a dry cask storage
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ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช
03:42
out back of the parking lot at the reactor site
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ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™
03:44
because most places don't have underground storage yet.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืชืช-ืงืจืงืขื™.
03:46
It's just as well, because it can stay where it is.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืฉื.
03:49
While the carbon dioxide,
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ื•ื”ืคื“"ื—? (ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™)
03:51
vast quantities of it, gigatons,
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ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืžืžื ื•, ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช,
03:54
goes into the atmosphere
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ื ืคืœื˜ื™ื ืœืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื”,
03:56
where we can't get it back -- yet --
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ืžืฉื ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื•ืกืคื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ,
03:58
and where it is causing the problems that we're most concerned about.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื ืื ื• ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ื™ื ืžื›ืœ.
04:02
So when you add up the greenhouse gases
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืฉืกื•ื›ืžื™ื ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื”
04:05
in the lifetime of these various energy sources,
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ืฉื ื’ืจืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
04:08
nuclear is down there with wind and hydro,
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ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืชืจืžื™,
04:11
below solar and way below, obviously, all the fossil fuels.
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ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ, ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืชื—ืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื.
04:16
Wind is wonderful; I love wind.
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ืจื•ื— ื–ื” ื ืคืœื; ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืจื•ื—.
04:18
I love being around these
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืœื™ื“
04:20
big wind generators.
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ื˜ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
04:23
But one of the things we're discovering is that
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ืืš ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ื”ื•ื
04:25
wind, like solar, is an actually relatively
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ืฉืจื•ื—, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฉ, ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช
04:27
dilute source of energy.
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ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
04:29
And so it takes a very large footprint on the land,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื,
04:32
a very large footprint in terms of materials,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“,
04:34
five to 10 times what you'd use for nuclear,
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ืคื™ 5 ืขื“ 10 ืžื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช,
04:37
and typically to get one gigawatt of electricity
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื’'ื™ื’ื”-ื•ื•ืื˜ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ
04:40
is on the order of 250 square miles
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ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื›-3 ืง"ืž ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื
04:43
of wind farm.
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ืฉืœ ืฉื“ื•ืช ืจื•ื—.
04:45
In places like Denmark and Germany,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื“ื ืžืจืง ื•ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”,
04:48
they've maxed out on wind already.
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ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืขื“ ืชื•ื ืืช ื”ืจื•ื—.
04:50
They've run out of good sites.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืชืจื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื.
04:52
The power lines are getting overloaded.
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ืงื•ื™ ื”ืžืชื— ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืขืžื•ืกื™ื.
04:55
And you peak out.
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ื•ื”ื’ืขืช ืœืฉื™ื.
04:57
Likewise, with solar,
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื”, ืขื ืฉืžืฉ,
04:59
especially here in California,
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ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”,
05:01
we're discovering that the 80 solar farm
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ืื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉ-80 ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ
05:03
schemes that are going forward
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ืฉื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ
05:05
want to basically bulldoze
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ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืฉื™ื˜ื•ื—
05:07
1,000 square miles of southern California desert.
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ืฉืœ 25,000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื“ืจื•ื ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
05:10
Well, as an environmentalist, we would rather that didn't happen.
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ื›ืฉื•ื—ืจื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ืื ื• ื ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื”.
05:13
It's okay on frapped-out agricultural land.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืขืœ ืื“ืžื” ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื ื˜ื•ืฉื”.
05:16
Solar's wonderful on rooftops.
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ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื•ื ื ืคืœืื” ืขืœ ื’ื’ื•ืช.
05:19
But out in the landscape,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื,
05:21
one gigawatt is on the order of 50 square miles
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ื’'ื™ื’ื”-ื•ื•ืื˜ ืื—ื“ ื“ื•ืจืฉ 130 ืง"ืž ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื
05:24
of bulldozed desert.
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ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื” ืžืฉื•ื˜ื—ืช.
05:26
When you add all these things up --
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืกื•ื›ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœ --
05:28
Saul Griffith did the numbers and figured out
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ืกื•ืœ ื’ืจื™ืคื™ืช' ื—ื™ืฉื‘ ื•ืžืฆื
05:30
what would it take
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ืžื” ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ
05:32
to get 13 clean
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ืœ-13 ื˜ืจื”-ื•ื•ืื˜ ื ืงื™ื™ื
05:34
terawatts of energy
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ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
05:37
from wind, solar and biofuels,
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ืžืจื•ื—, ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื“ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื;
05:40
and that area would be roughly the size of the United States,
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ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
05:43
an area he refers to as "Renewistan."
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ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื ื” "ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืื™ืกื˜ืŸ". ("Renewistan").
05:47
A guy who's added it up all this very well is David Mackay,
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ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืกื™ื›ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืช ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื™ื•ื“ ืžืงื™ื™,
05:50
a physicist in England,
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ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ ืžืื ื’ืœื™ื”,
05:52
and in his wonderful book, "Sustainable Energy," among other things,
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ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื”ื ืคืœื "ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”" ("Sustainable Energy"). ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ,
05:55
he says, "I'm not trying to be pro-nuclear. I'm just pro-arithmetic."
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: "ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ืขื“ ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ. ืื ื™ ื‘ืขื“ ืืจื™ืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”."
05:58
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง ื‘ืงื”ืœ)
06:02
In terms of weapons,
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื ืฉืง,
06:04
the best disarmament tool so far is nuclear energy.
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ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื™ืจื•ืง ืขื“ ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช.
06:07
We have been taking down
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ื”ืกืจื ื•
06:09
the Russian warheads,
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ืืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื ืคืฅ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื™ื
06:11
turning it into electricity.
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ื•ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืื•ืชื ืœื—ืฉืžืœ.
06:13
Ten percent of American electricity
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ืขืฉืจื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”
06:15
comes from decommissioned warheads.
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ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืจืืฉื™ ื ืคืฅ ืžืคื•ืจืงื™ื.
06:17
We haven't even started the American stockpile.
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ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™.
06:21
I think of most interest to a TED audience
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ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื”ืœ ืฉืœ TED, ื™ืขื•ืจืจ ืœื“ืขืชื™
06:24
would be the new generation of reactors
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ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืจื™ื.
06:26
that are very small,
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ื”ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“,
06:28
down around 10
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ 10 ืขื“ 125 ืžื’ื” ื•ื•ืื˜ื™ื.
06:30
to 125 megawatts.
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ืขื“ 125 ืžื’ื”ื•ื•ืื˜.
06:32
This is one from Toshiba.
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ื”ื ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื˜ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื”.
06:34
Here's one the Russians are already building that floats on a barge.
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ื”ื ื” ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืฆืฃ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื‘ืจื”.
06:37
And that would be very interesting in the developing world.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—.
06:40
Typically, these things are put in the ground.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืžื•ื˜ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืงืจืงืข.
06:42
They're referred to as nuclear batteries.
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ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื "ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื•ืช".
06:44
They're incredibly safe,
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ื”ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื,
06:46
weapons proliferation-proof and all the rest of it.
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ื—ืกื™ื ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืคืฆื” ื›ื ืฉืง, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ.
06:48
Here is a commercial version from New Mexico
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ื”ื ื” ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ืžื ื™ื• ืžืงืกื™ืงื•
06:51
called the Hyperion,
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ื‘ืฉื ื”ื™ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ (Hyperyon)
06:53
and another one from Oregon called NuScale.
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืจื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื ื™ื•ืกืงื™ื™ืœ (NuScale).
06:56
Babcock & Wilcox that make nuclear reactors,
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Babcock & Wilcox ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื™ื...
06:58
here's an integral fast reactor.
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ื”ื ื” ื›ื•ืจ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื ื”.
07:01
Thorium reactor that Nathan Myhrvold's involved in.
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ื›ื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ื™ืช'ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืจื•ื•ืœื“ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื•.
07:04
The governments of the world are going to have to decide
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ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื ื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜
07:06
that coals need to be made expensive, and these will go ahead.
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ืฉืคื—ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจ, ื•ืืœื• ื™ืชืงื“ืžื•.
07:09
And here's the future.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
07:12
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:17
CA: Okay. Okay.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื˜ื•ื‘. ื˜ื•ื‘.
07:19
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:23
So arguing against,
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ืื– ื ื’ื“,
07:25
a man who's been at the nitty, gritty heart
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ืื“ื ืฉืžืขื•ืจื” ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช, ืœืคืจื˜ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื,
07:28
of the energy debate and the climate change debate for years.
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ื‘ืคื•ืœืžื•ืก ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื.
07:30
In 2000, he discovered that soot
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000, ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืคื™ื—
07:33
was probably the second leading cause of global warming, after CO2.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืœื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื“"ื—.
07:36
His team have been making detailed calculations
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ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืขืจืš ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื
07:39
of the relative impacts
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ืช
07:41
of different energy sources.
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ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
07:43
His first time at TED, possibly a disadvantage -- we shall see --
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ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘-TED, ืื•ืœื™ ืœืจืขืชื• -- ืื ื• ื ืจืื” --
07:46
from Stanford,
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ืžืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“,
07:48
Professor Mark Jacobson. Good luck.
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ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืžืืจืง ื’'ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืกื•ืŸ. ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
07:50
Mark Jacobson: Thank you.
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ืžืืจืง ื’'ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืกื•ืŸ: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
07:52
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:54
So my premise here is that nuclear energy
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ืื– ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช
07:56
puts out more carbon dioxide,
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ืคื•ืœื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื“"ื—,
07:58
puts out more air pollutants,
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ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื™ืจ,
08:00
enhances mortality more and takes longer to put up
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ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืชื—ืœื•ืื” ื•ืœื•ืงื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ื,
08:02
than real renewable energy systems,
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ืžืืฉืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
08:04
namely wind, solar,
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ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืจื•ื—, ืฉืžืฉ,
08:06
geothermal power, hydro-tidal wave power.
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ื›ื•ื— ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™, ื•ื’ืœื™ ื’ืื•ืช-ืฉืคืœ.
08:09
And it also enhances nuclear weapons proliferation.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ืชืคื•ืฆืช ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™.
08:12
So let's start just by looking at the
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื” ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืขืœ
08:14
CO2 emissions from the life cycle.
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ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื“"ื— ืžืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
08:16
CO2e emissions are equivalent emissions
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ืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื“"ื— (CO2e) ื”ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช
08:18
of all the greenhouse gases and particles
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ื•ื”ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื
08:20
that cause warming
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ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช,
08:22
and converted to CO2.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืœืžื•ื ื—ื™ ืคื“"ื—.
08:24
And if you look, wind and concentrated solar
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ื•ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื•, ืจื•ื— ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ืชืจืžื•-ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช
08:26
have the lowest CO2 emissions, if you look at the graph.
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ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืจืฉื™ื.
08:28
Nuclear -- there are two bars here.
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ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ -- ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ.
08:30
One is a low estimate, and one is a high estimate.
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ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
08:32
The low estimate is the nuclear energy industry
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ื”ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ
08:34
estimate of nuclear.
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ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช.
08:36
The high is the average of 103
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ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 103
08:38
scientific, peer-reviewed studies.
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื.
08:40
And this is just the
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืจืง
08:42
CO2 from the life cycle.
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ื”ืคื“"ื— ืžืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
08:44
If we look at the delays,
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ืื ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื,
08:46
it takes between 10 and 19 years
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ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ื™ืŸ 10 ืœ-19 ืฉื ื™ื
08:48
to put up a nuclear power plant
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ืœื”ืงื™ื ืชื—ื ืช ื›ื•ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช
08:50
from planning to operation.
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ืžืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืชืคืขื•ืœ.
08:52
This includes about three and a half to six years
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ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืขื“ ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื
08:54
for a site permit.
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ืœืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืืชืจ.
08:56
and another two and a half to four years
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื—ืฆื™ ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืข
08:58
for a construction permit and issue,
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ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
09:00
and then four to nine years for actual construction.
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ื•ืื– ืขื•ื“ 4 ืขื“ 9 ืฉื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื”.
09:03
And in China, right now,
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ื•ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”,
09:05
they're putting up five gigawatts of nuclear.
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ื”ื ืžืงื™ืžื™ื 5 ื’'ื™ื’ื” ื•ื•ืื˜ ืฉืœ ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ.
09:07
And the average, just for the construction time of these,
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ื•ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืœื‘ื“ื”,
09:10
is 7.1 years
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ืื•ืจื›ืช 7.1 ืฉื ื™ื.
09:12
on top of any planning times.
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ื”ืžืชื•ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ.
09:14
While you're waiting around for your nuclear,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื,
09:16
you have to run the regular electric power grid,
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืืช ืจืฉืช ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช,
09:19
which is mostly coal in the United States and around the world.
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืคื—ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
09:22
And the chart here shows the difference between
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ื•ื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ
09:25
the emissions from the regular grid,
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ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ืจื’ื™ืœื”,
09:27
resulting if you use nuclear, or anything else,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ, ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ,
09:30
versus wind, CSP or photovoltaics.
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ืžื•ืœ ืจื•ื—, ื—ืฉืžืœ ืชืจืžื• ืกื•ืœืจื™, ืื• ืชืื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื•-ื•ื•ืœื˜ืื™ื™ื.
09:33
Wind takes about two to five years on average,
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ืจื•ื— ืื•ืจืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืขื“ ื—ืžืฉ ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
09:36
same as concentrated solar and photovoltaics.
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ื›ืžื• ืชืจืžื•-ืกื•ืœืจื™ ื•ืคื•ื˜ื•-ื•ื•ืœื˜ืื™.
09:38
So the difference is the opportunity cost
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช
09:41
of using nuclear versus wind, or something else.
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ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ืจื•ื—, ืื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.
09:44
So if you add these two together, alone,
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ืื– ืื ืชืกื›ืžื• ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•,
09:46
you can see a separation
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ืชืจืื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœ
09:48
that nuclear puts out at least nine to 17 times
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ืฉื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœื˜ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื™ 9 ืขื“ ืคื™ 17
09:51
more CO2 equivalent emissions than wind energy.
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ืคื“"ื— ืžืจื•ื—.
09:54
And this doesn't even account
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื•
09:56
for the footprint on the ground.
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ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข.
09:58
If you look at the air pollution health effects,
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ืื ืชื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื™ืจ,
10:01
this is the number of deaths per year in 2020
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ื”ื ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืžืงืจื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ืœืฉื ื” ื‘-2020
10:03
just from vehicle exhaust.
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ืจืง ืžืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
10:05
Let's say we converted all the vehicles in the United States
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ื ื ื™ื— ืœืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืžืจื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
10:08
to battery electric vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
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ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช, ืชืื™ ื“ืœืง ืžื™ืžืŸ
10:11
or flex fuel vehicles run on E85.
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ืื• ื“ืœืง ืืชืื ื•ืœื™ (E85).
10:13
Well, right now in the United States,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
10:15
50 to 100,000 people die per year from air pollution,
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50 ืืœืฃ ืขื“ 100 ืืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ ืžืชื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืžื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื™ืจ,
10:18
and vehicles are about 25,000 of those.
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ื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื›-25 ืืœืฃ ืžืชื•ื›ื.
10:21
In 2020, the number will go down to 15,000
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ื‘-2020, ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืจื“ ืœ-15 ืืœืฃ
10:23
due to improvements.
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ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
10:25
And so, on the right, you see gasoline emissions,
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ืื–, ื‘ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื’ื–,
10:27
the death rates of 2020.
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ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ื‘-2020.
10:29
If you go to corn or cellulosic ethanol,
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ืื ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืืชืื ื•ืœ ืžืชื™ืจืก ืื• ืกื•ื›ืจ,
10:31
you'd actually increase the death rate slightly.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืชื’ื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืขื˜.
10:33
If you go to nuclear,
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ืื ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ,
10:35
you do get a big reduction,
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ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืืžื ื ื”ืคื—ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช,
10:37
but it's not as much as with wind and concentrated solar.
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ืืš ืœื ื›ืžื• ืขื ืจื•ื— ื•/ืื• ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉืžืฉ.
10:40
Now if you consider the fact
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ืื ืชืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
10:42
that nuclear weapons proliferation
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ืฉื”ืคืฆืช ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™
10:45
is associated with nuclear energy proliferation,
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ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื”ืคืฆืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช,
10:47
because we know for example,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžืฉืœ,
10:49
India and Pakistan developed nuclear weapons secretly
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ืฉื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืคื™ืชื—ื• ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ื—ืฉืื™
10:52
by enriching uranium
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจืช ืื•ืจื ื™ื•ื
10:54
in nuclear energy facilities.
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ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช.
10:56
North Korea did that to some extent.
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ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
10:58
Iran is doing that right now.
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ืื™ืจืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืืœื•.
11:00
And Venezuela would be doing it
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ื•ื•ื ืฆื•ืืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช
11:02
if they started with their nuclear energy facilities.
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ืœื• ื”ืงื™ืžื” ืืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช.
11:05
If you do a large scale expansion
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ืื ืชืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
11:08
of nuclear energy across the world,
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ืืช ืชืคื•ืฆืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
11:11
and as a result there was just one
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืชื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืจืง
11:13
nuclear bomb created
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ืคืฆืฆื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืื—ืช
11:17
that was used to destroy a city
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ืฉืชืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ื—ืจื‘ืช ืขื™ืจ
11:19
such as Mumbai or some other big city, megacity,
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ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ ืื• ืขื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื—ืจืช,
11:22
the additional death rates due to this
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš,
11:24
averaged over 30 years and then scaled to the population of the U.S.
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ื‘ืžื™ืฆื•ืข ืœืื•ืจืš 30 ืฉื ื”, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืืจื”"ื‘
11:27
would be this.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืœื”.
11:29
So, do we need this?
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ืื–, ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื–ื”?
11:31
The next thing is: What about the footprint? Stewart mentioned the footprint.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื: ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ? ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ.
11:34
Actually, the footprint on the ground for wind
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื•ื— ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจืงืข
11:36
is by far the smallest of any energy source in the world.
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ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื—ืจ.
11:39
That, because the footprint, as you can see,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื,
11:41
is just the pole touching the ground.
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ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื•ื˜ ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืงืจืงืข.
11:43
And you can power the entire U.S. vehicle fleet
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืคืง ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื›ืœ ืฆื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™
11:45
with 73,000 to 145,000
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช 73 ืืœืฃ ืขื“ 145 ืืœืฃ
11:48
five-megawatt wind turbines.
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ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ 5 ืžื’ื”-ื•ื•ืื˜.
11:50
That would take between one and three square kilometers
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ืืœื• ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืจื‘ื•ืข ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื
11:53
of footprint on the ground, entirely.
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ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ืจื’ืœ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจืงืข, ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•.
11:55
The spacing is something else.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉื•ื ื”.
11:57
That's the footprint that is always being confused.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื’ืจืžื” ืœื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ.
11:59
People confuse footprint with spacing.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœื™ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ืจื’ืœ ืขื ืฉื˜ื—.
12:01
As you can see from these pictures,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช,
12:03
the spacing between can be used for multiple purposes
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ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
12:06
including agricultural land,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื“ืžื” ื—ืงืœืื™ืช,
12:08
range land or open space.
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ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื.
12:10
Over the ocean, it's not even land.
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ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก, ื–ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืื“ืžื”.
12:12
Now if we look at nuclear -- (Laughter)
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ื›ืขืช ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ -- (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:15
With nuclear, what do we have?
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ืขื ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ, ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•?
12:17
We have facilities around there. You also have a buffer zone
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘. ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ืฆืฅ
12:19
that's 17 square kilometers.
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ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 17 ืง"ืž ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื.
12:21
And you have the uranium mining
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžื—ืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืจื ื™ื•ื
12:23
that you have to deal with.
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืœ.
12:25
Now if we go to the area,
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ื•ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืฉื˜ื—,
12:27
lots is worse than nuclear or wind.
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ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื•ืจื•ื—.
12:30
For example, cellulosic ethanol, to power the entire U.S. vehicle fleet,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื“ืœืง ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ (ืืชืื ื•ืœ), ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ืฆื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™,
12:33
this is how much land you would need.
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ื”ื ื” ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ.
12:35
That's cellulosic, second generation
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ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืœื•ืœื•ื–ื™, ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™
12:37
biofuels from prairie grass.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•-ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืขืฉื‘ื™ ืขืจื‘ื”.
12:39
Here's corn ethanol. It's smaller.
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ื”ื ื” ืืชืื ื•ืœ ืžืชื™ืจืก. ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:41
This is based on ranges from data,
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
12:44
but if you look at nuclear,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ,
12:46
it would be the size of Rhode Island to power the U.S. vehicle fleet.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื“ ืื™ื™ืœื ื“ืก ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื™ื.
12:49
For wind, there's a larger area,
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ืœืจื•ื—, ื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”,
12:51
but much smaller footprint.
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ืืš ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ืจื’ืœ ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
12:53
And of course, with wind,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืขื ืจื•ื—,
12:55
you could put it all over the East Coast,
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™,
12:57
offshore theoretically, or you can split it up.
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ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ, ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช, ืื• ื’ื ื•ื’ื.
12:59
And now, if you go back to
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ื›ืขืช, ืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืฉื•ื‘
13:01
looking at geothermal, it's even smaller than both,
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ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™, ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืฉื ื™ื”ื,
13:04
and solar is slightly larger than the nuclear spacing,
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ื•ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื•ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื’ืจืขื™ื ื™,
13:07
but it's still pretty small.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ืœืžื“ื™.
13:09
And this is to power the entire U.S. vehicle fleet.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื™ื.
13:11
To power the entire world with 50 percent wind,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื 50% ืจื•ื—,
13:14
you would need about one percent of world land.
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ืชื–ื“ืงืงื• ืœื‘ืขืจืš ืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
13:17
Matching the reliability, base load is actually irrelevant.
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ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื•ืžืก ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช.
13:19
We want to match the hour-by-hour power supply.
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื”.
13:22
You can do that by combining renewables.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
13:24
This is from real data in California,
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ื–ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืžืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”,
13:26
looking at wind data and solar data.
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ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืจื•ื— ื•ืฉืžืฉ.
13:29
And it considers just using existing hydro
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ื•ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืจืง ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ื“ืจื•
13:32
to match the hour-by-hour power demand.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื”.
13:34
Here are the world wind resources.
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ื”ื ื” ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื.
13:36
There's five to 10 times more wind available worldwide
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ื™ืฉ ืคื™ 5 ืขื“ ืคื™ 10 ืจื•ื— ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
13:38
than we need for all the world.
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ืžืžื” ืฉื ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื•, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
13:40
So then here's the final ranking.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืกื•ืคื™,
13:42
And one last slide I just want to show. This is the choice:
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ื•ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ืฉืงืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”:
13:45
You can either have wind or nuclear.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื• ืจื•ื— ืื• ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ.
13:47
If you use wind,
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ืื ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืจื•ื—,
13:49
you guarantee ice will last.
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ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื›ื ืฉื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื™ืฉืืจื•.
13:51
Nuclear, the time lag alone
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ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ, ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•
13:53
will allow the Arctic to melt and other places to melt more.
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ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืœื™ืžืก, ื•ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื ืžืก.
13:56
And we can guarantee a clean, blue sky
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื, ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
13:59
or an uncertain future with nuclear power.
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ืื• ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืขื ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ.
14:02
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:10
CA: All right.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
14:12
So while they're having their comebacks on each other --
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ืื– ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”,
14:14
and yours is slightly short because you slightly overran --
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ื•ืœืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื˜ ืคื—ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ื™ ื—ืจื’ืช --
14:16
I need two people from either side.
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ืื ื™ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“.
14:18
So if you're for this,
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ืื– ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืขื“,
14:20
if you're for nuclear power, put up two hands.
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ื‘ืขื“ ื›ื•ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™, ื”ืจื ืฉืชื™ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
14:23
If you're against, put up one.
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ืื ืืชื” ื ื’ื“, ื”ืจื ื™ื“ ืื—ืช.
14:25
And I want two of each for the mics.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ื ื™ื.
14:27
Now then, you guys have --
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื
14:29
you have a minute comeback on him
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื“ืงื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื•,
14:32
to pick up a point he said, challenge it,
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ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืœืืชื’ืจ ืื•ืชื”,
14:34
whatever.
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ืžื” ืฉืชืจืฆื”.
14:38
SB: I think a point of difference we're having, Mark,
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ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื ืงื•ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืื ื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื, ืžืืจืง,
14:40
has to do with weapons
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ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœื ืฉืงื™ื
14:43
and energy.
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ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
14:45
These diagrams that show that nuclear is somehow
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ื”ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžืจืื™ื ืฉื’ืจืขื™ืŸ
14:47
putting out a lot of greenhouse gases --
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ืคื•ืœื˜ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” --
14:49
a lot of those studies include, "Well of course war will be inevitable
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื”ื ื—ื” ื›ืžื• "ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขืช
14:52
and therefore we'll have cities burning and stuff like that,"
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ืชื‘ืขืจื ื”" ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืืœื”,
14:54
which is kind of finessing it
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ืžื” ืฉืงืฆืช ืžืชื—ื›ื,
14:56
a little bit, I think.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘.
14:59
The reality is that there's, what,
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ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื, ื›ืžื”,
15:01
21 nations that have nuclear power?
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21 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช?
15:04
Of those, seven have nuclear weapons.
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ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ,ืœืฉื‘ืข ื™ืฉ ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™.
15:06
In every case, they got the weapons
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉืง
15:08
before they got the nuclear power.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช.
15:11
There are two nations, North Korea and Israel,
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ,
15:13
that have nuclear weapons
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ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™
15:15
and don't have nuclear power at all.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
15:17
The places that we would most like to have
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ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืจืฆื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ
15:20
really clean energy occur
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ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืช
15:22
are China, India, Europe, North America,
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ื”ื ืกื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
15:25
all of which have sorted out their situation
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ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกื“ื™ืจื• ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื
15:28
in relation to nuclear weapons.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™.
15:30
So that leaves a couple of places like Iran,
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ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืชื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื™ืจืŸ,
15:32
maybe Venezuela,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื•ื ืฆื•ืืœื”,
15:34
that you would like to have very close
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ื‘ื”ื ืชืจืฆื” ืœืคืงื—
15:37
surveillance of anything
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ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
15:39
that goes on with fissile stuff.
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ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืข.
15:41
Pushing ahead with nuclear power will mean we
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ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื”
15:43
really know where all of the fissile material is,
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ืฉื ื“ืข ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ืงื™ืข ื ืžืฆื,
15:45
and we can move toward
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ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืœืงืจืืช
15:47
zero weapons left, once we know all that.
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ืืคืก ื ืฉืงื™ื, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื“ืข ื–ืืช.
15:50
CA: Mark,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืžืืจืง,
15:52
30 seconds, either on that or on anything Stewart said.
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30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜ ืืžืจ.
15:55
MJ: Well we know India and Pakistan had nuclear energy first,
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ืžืืจืง: ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช,
15:58
and then they developed nuclear weapons secretly in the factories.
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ื•ืื– ืคื™ืชื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉืื™ ื ืฉืงื™ื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ื.
16:01
So the other thing is, we don't need nuclear energy.
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื, ืื ื• ืœื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ,
16:04
There's plenty of solar and wind.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืžืฉ ื•ืจื•ื— ื‘ืฉืคืข.
16:06
You can make it reliable, as I showed with that diagram.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ืœืืžื™ื ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ื.
16:08
That's from real data.
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ื–ื” ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
16:10
And this is an ongoing research. This is not rocket science.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”. ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
16:12
Solving the world's problems can be done,
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ืคืชื™ืจืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข,
16:15
if you really put your mind to it and use clean, renewable energy.
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ืชืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืืžืช ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช, ื•ืื ืชืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช.
16:18
There's absolutely no need for nuclear power.
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช.
16:21
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
16:24
CA: We need someone for.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขื“.
16:26
Rod Beckstrom: Thank you Chris. I'm Rod Beckstrom, CEO of ICANN.
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ืจื•ื“ ื‘ืงืกื˜ืจื•ื: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื›ืจื™ืก. ืื ื™ ืจื•ื“ ื‘ืงืกื˜ืจื•ื, ืžื ื›"ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ICANN.
16:29
I've been involved in global warming policy
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื ื”ืœื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
16:31
since 1994,
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ืžืื– 1994,
16:33
when I joined the board of Environmental Defense Fund
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ื‘ื” ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืชื™ ืœืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ "ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”" (Environmental Defense Fund)
16:35
that was one of the crafters of the Kyoto Protocol.
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืื—ื“ ืžืžื ืกื—ื™ ืืžื ืช ืงื™ื•ื˜ื•.
16:38
And I want to support Stewart Brand's position.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜ ื‘ืจื ื“.
16:40
I've come around in the last 10 years.
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ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื“ืขืชื™ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
16:42
I used to be against nuclear power.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื’ื“ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช.
16:44
I'm now supporting Stewart's position,
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ืื ื™ ื›ืขืช ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜,
16:46
softly, from a risk-management standpoint,
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ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื,
16:48
agreeing that
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ืชื•ืš ื”ืกื›ืžื”
16:50
the risks of overheating the planet
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ืฉื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
16:52
outweigh the risk of nuclear incident,
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ืขื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืจื•ืข ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™,
16:55
which certainly is possible and is a very real problem.
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ืฉื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืืคืฉืจื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
16:58
However, I think there may be a win-win solution here
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš
17:00
where both parties can win this debate,
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ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ืขื™ืžื•ืช,
17:03
and that is, we face a situation
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ื•ื”ื™ื, ืื ื• ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
17:05
where it's carbon caps on this planet
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ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื›ืกื•ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื”,
17:07
or die.
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ืื• ืฉื ืžื•ืช.
17:09
And in the United States Senate,
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ื•ื‘ืกื ืื˜ ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘,
17:11
we need bipartisan support --
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื—ื•ืฆืช ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช --
17:13
only one or two votes are needed --
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ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืจืง ืงื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื --
17:15
to move global warming through the Senate,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื‘ืกื ืื˜,
17:17
and this room can help.
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ื•ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
17:19
So if we get that through, then Mark will solve these problems. Thanks Chris.
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ืื– ืื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”, ืžืืจืง ื™ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”. ืชื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื™ืก.
17:22
CA: Thank you Rod Beckstrom. Against.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืจื•ื“ ื‘ืงืกื˜ืจื•ื. ื ื’ื“.
17:24
David Fanton: Hi, I'm David Fanton. I just want to say a couple quick things.
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ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืคื ื˜ื•ืŸ: ื”ื™ื™, ืื ื™ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืคื ื˜ื•ืŸ. ืื ื™ ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื.
17:27
The first is: be aware of the propaganda.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื: ื”ื–ื”ืจื• ืžื”ืชืขืžื•ืœื”.
17:30
The propaganda from the industry
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ื”ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ืžื”ืชืขืฉื™ื”
17:32
has been very, very strong.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืงื”.
17:34
And we have not had
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
17:36
the other side of the argument fully aired
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ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื,
17:39
so that people can draw their own conclusions.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
17:41
Be very aware of the propaganda.
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ื”ื–ื”ืจื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืชืขืžื•ืœื”.
17:43
Secondly, think about this.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
17:45
If we build all these nuclear power plants,
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ืื ื ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
17:47
all that waste
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ื›ืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช
17:49
is going to be on hundreds, if not thousands,
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ืชื™ืขืจื ืœืžืื•ืช, ืื ืœื ืืœืคื™ื,
17:51
of trucks and trains,
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช,
17:53
moving through this country every day.
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ื”ื ืขื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
17:55
Tell me they're not going to have accidents.
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ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช.
17:58
Tell me that those accidents aren't going to
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ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื
18:01
put material into the environment
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ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
18:04
that is poisonous for hundreds of thousands of years.
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ืฉื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืจืขื™ืœ ืœืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
18:06
And then tell me that each and every one of those trucks and trains
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ื•ืื– ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช
18:09
isn't a potential terrorist target.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื˜ืจืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช.
18:11
CA: Thank you.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืชื•ื“ื”.
18:14
For.
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ื‘ืขื“.
18:16
Anyone else for? Go.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขื“? ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
18:19
Alex: Hi, I'm Alex. I just wanted to say,
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ืืœื›ืก: ื”ื™ื™, ืื ื™ ืืœื›ืก. ืจืง ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ,
18:21
I'm, first of all, renewable energy's biggest fan.
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ืื ื™, ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ ืžื•ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช.
18:23
I've got solar PV on my roof.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืคืื ืœื™ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’.
18:25
I've got a hydro conversion
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžืžื™ืจ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•
18:27
at a watermill that I own.
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ื‘ื˜ื—ื ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœื™.
18:29
And I'm, you know, very much "pro" that kind of stuff.
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ื•ืื ื™, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื“ ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
18:32
However, there's a basic arithmetic problem here.
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ืื‘ืœ, ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
18:35
The capability of
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ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ืฉืœ
18:37
the sun shining, the wind blowing and the rain falling,
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ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื–ื•ืจื—ืช, ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืžื ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื”ื’ืฉื ื”ืžื•ืžื˜ืจ,
18:40
simply isn't enough to add up.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื.
18:42
So if we want to keep the lights on,
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ืื– ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขื ืื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืœื•ืงื™ื,
18:44
we actually need a solution
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ
18:46
which is going to keep generating all of the time.
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ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
18:49
I campaigned against nuclear weapons in the '80s,
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ื”ืฉืชืชืคืชื™ ื‘ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ื ื’ื“ ื ืฉืงื™ื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80,
18:52
and I continue to do so now.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืš ื”ื™ื•ื.
18:54
But we've got an opportunity
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
18:56
to recycle them into something more useful
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ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืื•ืชื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™
18:58
that enables us to get energy all of the time.
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ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
19:01
And, ultimately, the arithmetic problem isn't going to go away.
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ืขืœื.
19:04
We're not going to get enough energy from renewables alone.
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ืื ื• ืœื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืคืงื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
19:07
We need a solution that generates all of the time.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
19:09
If we're going to keep the lights on,
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ืื ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืœื•ืงื™ื,
19:11
nuclear is that solution.
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ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
19:13
CA: Thank you.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืชื•ื“ื”.
19:16
Anyone else against?
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ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ื’ื“?
19:18
Man: The last person who was in favor made the premise
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ืื“ื: ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื ื™ื—
19:20
that we don't have enough
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง
19:22
alternative renewable resources.
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ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
19:25
And our "against" proponent up here
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ื•ื”"ื ื’ื“"
19:27
made it very clear that we actually do.
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ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•.
19:29
And so the fallacy
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืืฉืœื™ื™ื”
19:31
that we need this resource
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ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื–ื”
19:33
and we can actually make it in a time frame
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ื•ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ
19:35
that is meaningful is not possible.
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
19:37
I will also add one other thing.
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ืื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“.
19:39
Ray Kurzweil and all the other talks --
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ืจื™ื™ ืงื•ืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช --
19:41
we know that the stick is going up exponentially.
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื’ืจืฃ ื’ื“ืœ ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช.
19:43
So you can't look at state-of-the-art technologies in renewables
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ืื– ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
19:46
and say, "That's all we have."
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ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ "ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•".
19:48
Because five years from now, it will blow you away
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืชื ืชื“ื”ืžื•
19:50
what we'll actually have as alternatives
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ืžืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื›ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช
19:52
to this horrible, disastrous nuclear power.
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ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
19:54
CA: Point well made. Thank you.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื”ื‘ื”ืจืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœืš. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
19:56
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
19:59
So each of you has really just a couple sentences --
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ืื– ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ --
20:01
30 seconds each
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30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“
20:03
to sum up.
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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื.
20:06
Your final pitch, Stewart.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš ืœืกื™ื•ื, ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜.
20:08
SB: I loved your "It all balances out" chart
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ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜: ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื’ืจืฃ ื”"ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชืื–ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ"
20:11
that you had there.
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ืฉื”ืฆื’ืช.
20:13
It was a sunny day and a windy night.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื–ืจื—ื” ื•ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื• ื”ืจื•ื— ื ืฉื‘ื”.
20:16
And just now in England
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ื•ื–ื” ืขืชื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”,
20:18
they had a cold spell.
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ื”ื ื—ื•ื• ืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืจื”.
20:20
All of the wind in the entire country
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ื”ืจื•ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื•ืœื”
20:22
shut down for a week.
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ื—ื“ืœื” ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข.
20:24
None of those things were stirring.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื ื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘.
20:26
And as usual, they had to buy nuclear power from France.
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ื•ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื”ื ื ืืœืฆื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืžืฆืจืคืช.
20:28
Two gigawatts comes through the Chunnel.
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2 ื’'ื™ื’ื”-ื•ืื˜ ื“ืจืš ืžื ื”ืจืช ื”ืชืขืœื”.
20:30
This keeps happening.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ืช.
20:32
I used to worry about the 10,000 year factor.
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ืคืขื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ 10,000 ืœืฉื ื”.
20:36
And the fact is, we're going to use the nuclear waste we have for fuel
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ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ืœืง
20:39
in the fourth generation of reactors that are coming along.
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ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš.
20:42
And especially the small reactors need to go forward.
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ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื”ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื“ื.
20:45
I heard from Nathan Myhrvold -- and I think here's the action point --
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžื ื™ื™ืช'ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื”ืจื•ื•ืœื“ -- ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืคื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข --
20:48
it'll take an act of Congress
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ืชื™ื“ืจืฉ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก
20:50
to make the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœ"ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ืงืจื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช" (Nuclear Regulatory Commission)
20:52
start moving quickly on these small reactors,
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ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
20:54
which we need very much, here and in the world.
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ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื ืžืื•ื“, ื›ืืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
20:58
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
21:04
MJ: So we've analyzed the hour-by-hour
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ืžืืจืง: ืื– ื ื™ืชื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื”
21:06
power demand and supply,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—,
21:08
looking at solar, wind, using data for California.
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ืœืคื™ ืฉืžืฉ ื•ืจื•ื—, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
21:11
And you can match that demand, hour-by-hour,
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ, ืฉืขื” ื‘ืฉืขื”,
21:14
for the whole year almost.
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ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ืžืขื˜.
21:16
Now, with regard to the resources,
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ื›ืขืช, ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื,
21:18
we've developed the first wind map of the world,
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ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืืช ืžืคืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
21:20
from data alone, at 80 meters.
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ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื, ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 80 ืžื˜ืจ.
21:22
We know what the wind resources are. You can cover 15 percent.
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื. ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ืกื•ืช 15 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
21:25
Fifteen percent of the entire U.S.
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ื‘-15 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ืืจื”"ื‘
21:27
has wind at fast enough speeds to be cost-competitive.
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ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื— ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
21:30
And there's much more solar than there is wind.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืฉ ืžืืฉืจ ืจื•ื—.
21:32
There's plenty of resource. You can make it reliable.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืข. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ืœืืžื™ื ื™ื.
21:35
CA: Okay. So, thank you, Mark.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื–, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš, ืžืืจืง.
21:38
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
21:42
So if you were in Palm Springs ...
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ืื– ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืคืืœื ืกืคืจื™ื ื’ (ืขื™ืจ ื ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”)
21:45
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
21:50
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
21:52
Shameless. Shameless. Shameless.
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ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื•ืฉื”. ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื•ืฉื”. ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื•ืฉื”.
21:55
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
21:57
So, people of the TED community,
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ืื–, ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืงื”ื™ืœืช TED,
22:00
I put it to you that what the world needs now
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ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื• ื›ืขืช
22:02
is nuclear energy.
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ื”ื•ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช.
22:04
All those in favor, raise your hands.
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ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืขื“, ื”ืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื™ื“ื›ื.
22:07
(Shouts)
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(ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ื ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช)
22:10
And all those against.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืฉื ื’ื“.
22:13
Ooooh.
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ืื•ื•-ื•-ื•.
22:15
Now that is -- my take on that ...
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ื›ืขืช ื–ื”.. -- ื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื™ื..
22:17
Just put up ... Hands up, people who changed their minds during the debate,
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ื”ืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื™ื“ื›ื, ืืœื• ืฉืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื“ืขืชื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช,
22:20
who voted differently.
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ืฉืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขืชื.
22:22
Those of you who changed your mind
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ืืœื• ืฉืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื“ืขืชื
22:25
in favor of "for"
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ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”"ื‘ืขื“"
22:27
put your hands up.
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ื”ืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื™ื“ื›ื.
22:29
Okay. So here's the read on it.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื.
22:32
Both people won supporters,
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ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื• ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื,
22:34
but on my count,
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ืืš ืœื“ืขืชื™,
22:37
the mood of the TED community shifted
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ื“ืขืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื‘-TED ื”ืฉืชื ืชื”
22:39
from about 75 to 25
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ืžื‘ืขืจืš 75-25
22:41
to about 65 to 35
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ืœ-65-35
22:43
in favor, in favor.
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ื‘ืขื“, ื‘ืขื“.
22:45
You both won. I congratulate both of you.
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ืฉื ื™ื›ื ื ื™ืฆื—ืชื. ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ ืœืฉื ื™ื›ื.
22:47
Thank you for that.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
22:49
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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