Krista Donaldson: The $80 prosthetic knee that's changing lives

297,943 views ใƒป 2013-12-19

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: idan idan ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Nine years ago, I worked
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ืœืคื ื™ 9 ืฉื ื™ื, ืขื‘ื“ืชื™
00:14
for the U.S. government in Iraq,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืจืืง
00:16
helping rebuild the electricity infrastructure.
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ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ
00:19
And I was there, and I worked in that job
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช
00:22
because I believe that technology
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
00:24
can improve people's lives.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื“ื
00:27
One afternoon, I had tea with a storekeeper
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ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉืชื™ืชื™ ืชื” ืขื ืžื—ืกื ืื™
00:29
at the Al Rasheed Hotel in Baghdad,
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ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ "ืืœ-ืจืืฉื™ื“" ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื“
00:32
and he said to me, "You Americans,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ "ืืชื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
00:35
you can put a man on the moon,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื“ื ืœื™ืจื—
00:36
but when I get home tonight,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื”ืขืจื‘
00:38
I won't be able to turn on my lights."
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ"
00:41
At the time, the U.S. government had spent
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื”
00:42
more than two billion dollars
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ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-2 ืžืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ
00:45
on electricity reconstruction.
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ืขืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ.
00:47
How do you ensure technology reaches users?
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ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืชื’ื™ืข ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื?
00:50
How do you put it in their hands
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ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
00:52
so that it is useful?
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ืฉื–ื” ื™ืฉืžืฉ ืื•ืชื?
00:55
So those are the questions that my colleagues and I
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ืื– ืืœื• ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™ื™
00:58
at D-Rev ask ourselves.
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ื‘ "ืข.ืž" ืฉืืœื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
01:00
And D-Rev is short for Design Revolution.
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ื•-ืข.ืž ื–ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ "ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื”ืคื›ืชื™"
01:03
And I took over the organization four years ago
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ 4 ืฉื ื™ื
01:05
and really focused it on developing products
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืชืžืงื“ืชื™ ื‘ืœืคืชื— ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื
01:08
that actually reach users,
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ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
01:10
and not just any users,
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ื•ืœื ืกืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื,
01:11
but customers who live on less than four dollars a day.
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ืืœื ื›ืืœื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืž4 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื.
01:16
One of the key areas we've been working on recently
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
01:17
is medical devices, and while it may not be obvious
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ื–ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•
01:20
that medical devices have something in common
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ืฉืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
01:22
with Iraq's electricity grid then,
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ืขื ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจืืง
01:25
there are some commonalities.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืืคื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื.
01:27
Despite the advanced technology,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžืช
01:29
it's not reaching the people who need it most.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”
01:32
So I'm going to tell you about one of the projects we've been working on,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•
01:35
the ReMotion Knee, and it's a prosthetic knee
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"ื”ื ืขื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจืš", ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืจืš ืชื•ืชื‘ืช
01:38
for above-knee amputees.
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ืœืงื˜ื•ืขื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจืš.
01:40
And this project started when the Jaipur Foot Organization,
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ื•ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื‘ืจืช "ื’'ืคื™ืื•ืจ"
01:43
the largest fitter of prosthetic limbs in the world,
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ื”ืกืคืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช
01:46
came to the Bay Area and they said,
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคืจืฅ ื•ืืžืจื•
01:47
"We need a better knee."
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ"
01:50
Chances are, if you're living on less than four dollars a day,
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืž4 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื
01:53
and you're an amputee,
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ื•ืืชื ืงื˜ื•ืขื™ื™ ื’ืคื”,
01:55
you've lost your limb in a vehicle accident.
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ื–ื” ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ืชื ืืช ื”ืื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
01:57
Most people think it's land mines,
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื” ืžืžื•ืงืฉ,
01:59
but it's a vehicle accident.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
02:00
You're walking by the side of the road
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ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš
02:02
and you're hit by a truck,
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ื•ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืื™ืช
02:04
or you're trying to to jump on a moving train,
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ืื• ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘ืช ื ืขื”,
02:05
you're late for work, and your pant leg gets caught.
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ืืชื ืžืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื”ืžื›ื ืก ื ืชืคืก,
02:09
And the reality is that if you don't have much money,
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ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ
02:13
like this young named Kamal right here,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ืงืืžืœ
02:15
the option you really have
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ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื
02:17
is a bamboo staff to get around.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืงืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ืง ืฉืื™ืชื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื”ืœืš
02:19
And how big a problem is this?
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื ืคื•ืฆื”?
02:22
There's over three million amputees every year
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ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื˜ื•ืขื™ ื’ืคื” ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”
02:25
who need a new or replacement knee.
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ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืื• ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช
02:28
And what are their options?
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ื•ืžื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื?
02:30
This is a high-end. This is what we'd call a "smart knee."
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืงื“ืžื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” "ื‘ืจืš ื—ื›ืžื”"
02:32
It's got a microprocessor inside.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื
02:34
It can pretty much do anything,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ
02:37
but it's 20,000 dollars,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” 20 ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ
02:38
and to give you a sense of who wears this,
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ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื–ื” ืืœื•
02:40
veterans, American veterans coming back from Afghanistan or Iraq
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ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืฆื‘ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื, ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืžืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื• ืขื™ืจืืง
02:44
would be fit with something like this.
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ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
02:46
This is a low-end titanium knee.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืจืš ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื˜ื™ื˜ื ื™ื•ื, ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื”
02:49
It's a polycentric knee, and all that that means
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืคื•ืœื™ืกื ื˜ืจื™ืง, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืœืžื“
02:51
is the mechanism, is a four-bar mechanism,
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”, ืขืฉื•ื™ 4 ืœื™ื‘ื•ืช
02:53
that mimics a natural human knee.
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ื”ืžื—ืงื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืจืš ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
02:56
But at 1,400 dollars, it's still too expensive
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ืื‘ืœ 1400 ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืงืจ ืžื™ื“ื™
02:58
for people like Kamal.
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงืืžืœ
03:01
And lastly, here you see a low-end knee.
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ื•ืœืกื™ื•ื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื–ื•ืœ
03:03
This is a knee that's been designed specifically
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ื–ื”ื• ื“ื’ื ืฉืขื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
03:05
for poor people.
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื.
03:07
And while you have affordability,
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ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช
03:09
you've lost on functionality.
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ืื™ื‘ื“ืชื ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช.
03:10
The mechanism here is a single axis,
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ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื“-ืฆื™ืจื™
03:13
and a single axis is like a door hinge.
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ื•ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ืœืช.
03:15
So you can think about how unstable that would be.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืœื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื”.
03:18
And this is the type of mechanism
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ
03:20
that the Jaipur Foot Organization was using when they were looking for a better knee,
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ืฉื—ื‘ืจืช ื’'ื™ืคืจ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ืคืฉื• ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:23
and I just wanted to give you a sense of what a leg system looks like,
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ื•ืจืง ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืจื’ืœ ืชื•ืชื‘ืช,
03:26
because I'm showing you all these knees
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื
03:27
and I imagine it's hard to think how it all fits together.
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ื•ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ืช ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“
03:29
So at the top you have a socket,
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ืื– ืœืžืขืœื” ื™ืฉ ืฉืจื•ื•ืœ,
03:32
and this fits over someone's residual limb,
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ืฉืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื,
03:33
and everyone's residual limb is a little bit different.
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ื•ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจืช.
03:36
And then you have the knee,
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจืš,
03:37
and here I've got a single axis on the knee
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื“-ืฆื™ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจืš
03:39
so you can see how it rotates,
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ื›ืš ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘
03:41
and then a pylon, and then a foot.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืฉื•ืง, ืฉืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื›ืฃ ื”ืจื’ืœ.
03:45
And we've been able to develop a knee,
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ืื– ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืคืชื— ื‘ืจืš
03:47
a polycentric knee, so that type of knee
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ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืคื•ืœื™ืกื ื˜ืจื™ืง, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”
03:49
that acts like a human knee, mimics human gait,
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ืžืชืคืงื“ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจืš ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ืžื—ืงื” ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
03:52
for 80 dollars retail.
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ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœ80 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
03:55
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
03:58
But the key is, you can have this great invention,
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ืืš ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื•ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืชื— ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช
04:01
you can have this great design, but how do you get it
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ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
04:03
to the people who most need it?
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
04:05
How do you ensure it gets to them and it improves their lives?
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ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื?
04:08
So at D-Rev, we've done some other projects,
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ืื– ื‘ ืข.ืž, ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื’ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
04:11
and we looked at three things that we really believe
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ื•ื”ืชืกื›ืœื ื• ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื
04:13
gets technologies to customers, to users,
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ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช
04:17
to people who need it.
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื–ื”.
04:19
And the first thing is that the product needs to be world class.
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
04:21
It needs to perform on par
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ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื”
04:23
or better than the best products on the market.
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ืื• ื‘ืจืžื” ืžืขืœ ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ืง.
04:26
Regardless of your income level,
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ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืจืžืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœืš,
04:28
you want the most beautiful,
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ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:30
the best product that there is.
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ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืงื™ื™ื.
04:32
I'm going to show you a video now
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
04:36
of a man named Ash. You can see him walking.
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ืขืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืฉื ืืฉ. ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ืœืš
04:37
He's wearing the same knee system here
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื“ื’ื ื‘ืจืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ
04:39
with a single axis knee.
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ืขื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื“-ืฆื™ืจื™
04:41
And he's doing a 10-meter walk test.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืจืš ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ 10 ืžื˜ืจ
04:43
And you'll notice that he's struggling with stability as he's walking.
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ืืชื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืื‘ืง ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื”
04:47
And something that's not obvious, that you can't see,
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•, ืฉืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
04:49
is that it's psychologically draining
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ื–ื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™
04:52
to walk and to be preventing yourself from falling.
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ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœืœื›ืช ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืžืš ืœื™ืคื•ืœ.
04:56
Now this is a video of Kamal.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืืžืœ
04:58
You remember Kamal earlier, holding the bamboo staff.
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ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ืงืืžืœ, ื–ื” ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืงืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ืง
05:00
He's wearing one of the earlier versions of our knee,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจืš ืฉืœื ื•
05:03
and he's doing that same 10-meter walk test.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื’ื 10 ืžื˜ืจ
05:06
And you can see his stability is much better.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
05:11
So world class isn't just about technical performance.
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ืื– ื‘ืจืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื
05:14
It's also about human performance.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
05:18
And most medical devices, we've learned,
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืงื ื•
05:20
as we've dug in, are really designed for Westerners,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื—ืงืจื ื•, ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™
05:22
for wealthier economies.
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ืœื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
05:24
But the reality is our users, our customers,
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ืืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
05:27
they do different things. They sit cross-legged more.
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ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:30
We see that they squat. They kneel in prayer.
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ื”ื ื›ื•ืจืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ื•ืจืขื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”
05:33
And we designed our knee to have the greatest range of motion
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ื•ืขื™ืฆื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืจืš ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืชื ื•ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:35
of almost any other knee on the market.
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ืžื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื‘ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง.
05:39
So the second thing we learned, and this leads
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ืื– ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ
05:41
into my second point, which is that we believe
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ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืœื™, ื–ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื
05:43
that products need to be designed to be user-centric.
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ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงื“ ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ
05:46
And at D-Rev, we go one step further and we say
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ื•ื‘ ืข.ืž ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืฆืขื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืืžืจื ื•
05:49
you need to be user-obsessed.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ.
05:51
So it's not just the end user that you're thinking about,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•
05:53
but everyone who interacts with the product,
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ืืœื ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ
05:55
so, for example, the prosthetist who fits the knee,
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ืื–,ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื”ื ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ
05:58
but also the context in which the knee is being fit.
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ืืš ื’ื ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ืจืš ื”ื–ืืช
06:01
What is the local market like?
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ืื™ืš ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื ืจืื”?
06:03
How do all these components get to the clinic?
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ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืจืคืื”?
06:05
Do they all get there on time? The supply chain.
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ื”ืื ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ? ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืืกืคืงื”.
06:07
Everything that goes into ensuring
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—
06:09
that this product gets to the end user,
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ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื—
06:11
and it goes in as part of the system, and it's used.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ื™ืฉืžืฉ ืื•ืชื•.
06:15
So I wanted to show you some of the iterations
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช
06:17
we did between the first version, the Jaipur Knee,
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ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ื‘ืจืš ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื•ืคืจ
06:22
so this is it right here.
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ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™
06:24
(Clicking)
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(ืชืงืชื•ืง)
06:25
Notice anything about it?
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ืฉืžืขืชื ืืช ื–ื”?
06:28
It clicks.
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ื–ื” ืžืชืงืชืง
06:30
We'd seen that users had actually modified it.
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืžืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื–ื”
06:33
So do you see that black strip right there?
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ืื– ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืฉื?
06:37
That's a homemade noise dampener.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืชื™ืง ืงื•ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
06:40
We also saw that our users had modified it
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื’ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืชื™ืงื ื• ืืช ื–ื”
06:42
in other ways.
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช
06:43
You can see there that that particular amputee,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื˜ื•ืข-ื’ืคื” ื”ื–ื”
06:45
he had wrapped bandages around the knee.
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ืฉืขื˜ืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช
06:47
He'd made a cosmesis.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืคืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืช.
06:49
And if you look at the knee,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจืš
06:51
it's got those pointy edges, right?
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
06:55
So if you're wearing it under pants or a skirt
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ืื– ืื ืืชื ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืื• ื—ืฆืื™ืช
06:57
or a sari, it's really obvious
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ืื• ืฉืžืœื”, ื–ื” ื“ื™ื™ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ
06:59
that you're wearing a prosthetic limb,
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ืฉืืชื ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืจื’ืœ ืชื•ืชื‘ืช,
07:01
and in societies where there's social stigma around being disabled,
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ื•ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื” ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื›ื™ื
07:05
people are particularly acute about this.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื–ื”.
07:08
So I'm going to show you some of the modifications we did.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•.
07:10
We did a lot of iterations, not just around this, but some other things.
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืœื ืจืง ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื–ื” ืืœื ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
07:13
But here we have the version three, the ReMotion Knee,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช "ื”ื‘ืจืš ื”ืžื•ื ืขืช"
07:16
but if you look in here, you can see
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ืืš ืื ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื›ืืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘
07:17
the noise dampener. It's quieter.
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ืฉื”ืจืขืฉ ื”ื•ืฉืชืง, ื–ื” ืฉืงื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:22
The other thing we did is that we smoothed the profile.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืฉื™ืคืจื ื• ื–ื” ืฉืฉื™ื˜ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื
07:26
We made it thinner.
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ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœื“ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:27
And something that's not obvious is that we
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ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ื–ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื•
07:29
designed it for mass production.
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ืขื™ืฆื‘ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™
07:32
And this goes into my last point.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™
07:34
We really, truly believe that if a product
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื ืžื•ืฆืจ
07:36
is going to reach users at the scale that it's needed,
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ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื•
07:38
it needs to be market-driven,
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื ืข ืฉื•ืง
07:40
and market-driven means that products are sold.
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ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืžื›ืจ
07:43
They're not donated. They're not heavily subsidized.
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ื”ื ืœื ื ืชืจืžื™ื, ื”ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื‘ืกื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
07:46
Our product needs to be designed to offer value
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ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช
07:48
to the end user.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื”ืกื•ืคื™.
07:50
It also has to be designed to be very affordable.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช
07:52
But a product that is valued by a customer
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืขืจืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืงื—ื•ืช
07:54
is used by a customer,
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ืžืฉื•ืžืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื
07:56
and use is what creates impact.
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ื•ื›ืš ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืฉืคืขื”.
07:58
And we believe that as designers,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื
08:00
it holds us accountable to our customers.
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ื–ื” ืฉื ืื•ืชื ื• ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช
08:03
And with centralized manufacturing,
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ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™
08:06
you can control the quality control,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช
08:08
and you can hit that $80 price point
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœ80 ื“ื•ืœืจ
08:09
with profit margins built in.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—
08:12
And now, those profit margins are critical,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื
08:14
because if you want to scale, if you want to reach
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ื›ื™ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ, ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
08:16
all the people in the world who possibly need a knee,
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ
08:18
it needs to be economically sustainable.
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ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
08:21
So I want to give you a sense of where we are at.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ืื™ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื
08:24
We have fit over 5,000 amputees,
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ืขืจื›ื ื• ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืœืžืขืœ 5000 ืงื˜ื•ืขื™ ื’ืคื”
08:27
and one of the big indicators we're looking at, of course,
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ
08:30
is, does it improve lives?
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ื–ื” ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื?
08:31
Well, the standard is, is someone
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
08:33
still wearing their knee six months later?
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจืš ืœืคื—ื•ืช 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ?
08:36
The industry average is about 65 percent.
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ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš 65 ืื—ื•ื–
08:38
Ours is 79 percent,
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ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื 79 ืื—ื•ื–
08:41
and we're hoping to get that higher.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื’ื“ืœ.
08:44
Right now, our knees are worn in 12 countries.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ 12 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
08:47
This is where we want to get, though,
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ื–ื” ืœืืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
08:48
in the next three years.
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ื‘3 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช
08:50
We'll double the impact in 2015,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘2015
08:52
and we'll double it each of the following years after that.
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ื•ื ื›ืคื™ืœ ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ.
08:55
But then we hit a new challenge,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
08:57
and that's the number of skilled prosthetists
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ื•ื–ื” ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
08:59
who are able to fit knees.
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ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืจืš.
09:02
So I want to end with a story of Pournima.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืจื™ื ื™ืžื”
09:05
Pournima was 18 years old
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ืคืจื™ื ื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช 18
09:07
when she was in a car accident where she lost her leg,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื ืื™ื‘ื“ื” ืืช ืจื’ืœื”,
09:10
and she traveled 12 hours by train
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ื•ื ืกืขื” 12 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช
09:13
to come to the clinic to be fit with a knee,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืจืคืื” ืฉืชืชืื™ื ืœื” ื‘ืจืš ืชื•ืชื‘ืช
09:15
and while all of the amputees who wear our knees
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ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื ื•
09:18
affect us as the designers,
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ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘
09:20
she's particularly meaningful to me as an engineer and as a woman,
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ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœื™ื™ ื”ืŸ ื›ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ืื™ืฉื”.
09:24
because she was in school,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
09:26
she had just started school to study engineering.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ื“ืกื”
09:29
And she said, "Well, now that I can walk again,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” " ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ืฉื•ื‘
09:31
I can go back and complete my studies."
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื™"
09:33
And to me she represents the next generation
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื
09:36
of engineers solving problems
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ืฉืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
09:39
and ensuring meaningful technologies
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ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
09:42
reach their users.
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ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
09:44
So thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”
09:46
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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