Krista Donaldson: The $80 prosthetic knee that's changing lives

297,943 views ・ 2013-12-19

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Tae Young Choi κ²€ν† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:12
Nine years ago, I worked
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9λ…„ μ „, μ €λŠ”
00:14
for the U.S. government in Iraq,
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이라크 주재 λ―Έ μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μΌν–ˆμ£ .
00:16
helping rebuild the electricity infrastructure.
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μ „λ ₯ 인프라 μž¬κ±΄μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
And I was there, and I worked in that job
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κ±°κΈ°μ—μ„œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λ©°, 기술이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 삢을
00:22
because I believe that technology
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λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ—ˆκΈ°μ—
00:24
can improve people's lives.
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일을 ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
One afternoon, I had tea with a storekeeper
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ν•˜λ£¨λŠ” κ°€κ²Œ 주인과 μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ…¨μ–΄μš”.
00:29
at the Al Rasheed Hotel in Baghdad,
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λ°”κ·Έλ‹€λ“œμ— μžˆλŠ” μ•Œ λΌμ‰¬λ“œ ν˜Έν…”μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
00:32
and he said to me, "You Americans,
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κ·ΈλŠ” "λ‹Ήμ‹  미ꡭ인듀은
00:35
you can put a man on the moon,
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달에 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 보낼 수 μžˆμ–΄λ„
00:36
but when I get home tonight,
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λ‚΄κ°€ 였늘 집에 λ„μ°©ν•˜λ©΄
00:38
I won't be able to turn on my lights."
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λ‚œ 집에 μ „κΉƒλΆˆλ„ μΌœμ§€ λͺ»ν•΄."라고 ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:41
At the time, the U.S. government had spent
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ— λ―Έκ΅­ μ •λΆ€λŠ”
00:42
more than two billion dollars
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2백만 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λ“€μ—¬
00:45
on electricity reconstruction.
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μ „λ ₯ μž¬κ±΄μ— 힘썼죠.
00:47
How do you ensure technology reaches users?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό 기술이 μ΄μš©μžμ—κ²Œ 손을 뻗도둝 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:50
How do you put it in their hands
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ·Έλ“€ 손에 μ₯μ–΄μ€˜
00:52
so that it is useful?
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μœ μš©ν•˜κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:55
So those are the questions that my colleagues and I
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그런 μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ΄ λ™λ£Œλ“€κ³Ό μ œκ°€
00:58
at D-Rev ask ourselves.
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λ”” 레브(D-Rev) μ—μ„œ μžλ¬Έν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
01:00
And D-Rev is short for Design Revolution.
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λ”” λ ˆλΈŒλŠ” λ””μžμΈ 혁λͺ…(Design Revolution)의 μ•½μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
And I took over the organization four years ago
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μ œκ°€ 4λ…„μ „ 쑰직을 μ „μˆ˜λ°›μ•˜κ³ 
01:05
and really focused it on developing products
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μ‚¬μš©μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ‹€μ œ 손을 뻗을 수 μžˆλŠ” μ œν’ˆμ„
01:08
that actually reach users,
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κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ” 데 μ£Όλ ₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
and not just any users,
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단지 μž„μ˜μ˜ μ‚¬μš©μžκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
01:11
but customers who live on less than four dollars a day.
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ν•˜λ£¨μ— 4 λ‹¬λŸ¬ μ΄ν•˜λ‘œ μƒμ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 고객듀에 μ£Όλ ₯ν–ˆμ£ .
01:16
One of the key areas we've been working on recently
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μ΅œκ·Όμ—λŠ” 의료 기기에
01:17
is medical devices, and while it may not be obvious
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쀑점을 두고 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
01:20
that medical devices have something in common
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μ˜λ£ŒκΈ°κΈ°κ°€
01:22
with Iraq's electricity grid then,
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이라크의 μ „λ ₯망과 μœ μ‚¬ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 게 λͺ…λ°±ν•΄ 보이진 μ•Šμ„μ§€λΌλ„
01:25
there are some commonalities.
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
Despite the advanced technology,
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기술의 진보에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
01:29
it's not reaching the people who need it most.
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κ°€μž₯ 많이 ν•„μš”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 곡급이 μ•ˆ λœλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
01:32
So I'm going to tell you about one of the projects we've been working on,
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이제 저희가 연ꡬ 쀑인 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
the ReMotion Knee, and it's a prosthetic knee
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리λͺ¨μ…˜ (ReMotion) λ¬΄λ¦ŽμΈλ°μš”,
01:38
for above-knee amputees.
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무릎 μ•„λž˜κ°€ μ ˆλ‹¨λœ 뢄듀을 μœ„ν•œ 인곡 λ¬΄λ¦Žμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
And this project started when the Jaipur Foot Organization,
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이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” 의쑱과 의수의 세계적 μ œμž‘μ‚¬μΈ
01:43
the largest fitter of prosthetic limbs in the world,
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자이퍼 의쑱 ν˜‘νšŒκ°€
01:46
came to the Bay Area and they said,
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베이 지역에 κ°œμ„€λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ μ‹œμž‘λμ£ .
01:47
"We need a better knee."
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"μš°λ¦¬μ—κ² μ„±λŠ₯이 λ‚˜μ€ 무릎이 ν•„μš”ν•΄."라고 ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œμš”.
01:50
Chances are, if you're living on less than four dollars a day,
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ˜ ν•˜λ£¨ 생계비가 4λ‹¬λŸ¬ μ΄ν•˜μΈλ°
01:53
and you're an amputee,
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신체 일뢀가 μ ˆλ‹¨μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄
01:55
you've lost your limb in a vehicle accident.
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κ΅ν†΅μ‚¬κ³ μ˜€μ„ κ°€λŠ₯성이 ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
Most people think it's land mines,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 지뒰라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:59
but it's a vehicle accident.
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싀은 κ΅ν†΅μ‚¬κ³ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
You're walking by the side of the road
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ 길을 κ°€λ‹€κ°€
02:02
and you're hit by a truck,
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νŠΈλŸ­μ— μΉ˜μ˜€μ„ 수 있고,
02:04
or you're trying to to jump on a moving train,
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νšŒμ‚¬μ— μ§€κ°ν•΄μ„œ λ‹¬λ¦¬λŠ” 기차에
02:05
you're late for work, and your pant leg gets caught.
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λ›°μ–΄μ˜€λ₯΄λ‹€ 바지가 걸릴 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
And the reality is that if you don't have much money,
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κ·Έμ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 돈이 λ³„λ‘œ μ—†λ‹€λ©΄
02:13
like this young named Kamal right here,
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μ—¬κΈ° 카말이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” μ Šμ€μ΄μ²˜λŸΌ,
02:15
the option you really have
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λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법은
02:17
is a bamboo staff to get around.
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λŒ€λ‚˜λ¬΄ μ§€νŒ‘μ΄ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
And how big a problem is this?
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이게 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 큰 λ¬Έμ œμΌκΉŒμš”?
02:22
There's over three million amputees every year
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ν•΄λ§ˆλ‹€ 3백만λͺ…이 μ ˆλ‹¨ 사고λ₯Ό λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
who need a new or replacement knee.
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그듀은 인곡 무릎이 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
02:28
And what are their options?
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 선택사항은 λ­˜κΉŒμš”?
02:30
This is a high-end. This is what we'd call a "smart knee."
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이건 μ΅œμ²¨λ‹¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. "슀마트 무릎"이라 λΆ€λ₯΄μ£ .
02:32
It's got a microprocessor inside.
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λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œν”„λ‘œμ„Έμ„œκ°€ λ‚΄μž₯λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
02:34
It can pretty much do anything,
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μ–΄λ–€ κΈ°λŠ₯이라도 ν•  수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ,
02:37
but it's 20,000 dollars,
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가격이 2만 λ‹¬λŸ¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
and to give you a sense of who wears this,
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이걸 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 감각을 느끼게 ν•΄ λ“œλ¦¬λ©΄,
02:40
veterans, American veterans coming back from Afghanistan or Iraq
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λ―Έ μ°Έμ „κ΅°λ“€, μ•„ν”„κ°€λ‹ˆμŠ€νƒ„μ΄λ‚˜ μ΄λΌν¬μ—μ„œ κ·€ν™˜ν•˜λŠ”
02:44
would be fit with something like this.
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λ―Έ 참전ꡰ듀이 이런 κ²½μš°μ— 적용되겠죠.
02:46
This is a low-end titanium knee.
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이건 μ €κ°€μ˜ ν‹°νƒ€λŠ„ λ¬΄λ¦Žμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
It's a polycentric knee, and all that that means
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닀동원체 무릎인데,
02:51
is the mechanism, is a four-bar mechanism,
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μ‹€μ œ λ¬΄λ¦Žμ„ λͺ¨λ°©ν•˜μ—¬ μ œμž‘ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
02:53
that mimics a natural human knee.
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λ‹€μΆ• 인곡 λ¬΄λ¦Žμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
But at 1,400 dollars, it's still too expensive
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1,400 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ—¬λ„ μΉ΄λ§μ—κ²ŒλŠ”
02:58
for people like Kamal.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΉ„μŒ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
And lastly, here you see a low-end knee.
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μ—¬κΈ° μ €κ°€ 무릎이 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”
03:03
This is a knee that's been designed specifically
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ œμž‘λœ
03:05
for poor people.
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λ¬΄λ¦Žμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
And while you have affordability,
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가격이 μ €λ ΄ν•˜λ©΄
03:09
you've lost on functionality.
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κΈ°λŠ₯이 떨어지죠.
03:10
The mechanism here is a single axis,
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μ²΄κ³„λŠ” μ—¬κΈ° ν•œ 좕이 μžˆλŠ”λ°
03:13
and a single axis is like a door hinge.
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문의 경첩과 λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
So you can think about how unstable that would be.
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맀우 λΆˆμ•ˆμ •ν•˜μ£ .
03:18
And this is the type of mechanism
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이 μ›λ¦¬λŠ” 자이퍼 의쑱 ν˜‘νšŒκ°€
03:20
that the Jaipur Foot Organization was using when they were looking for a better knee,
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인곡 무릎 ν’ˆμ§ˆ κ°œμ„ μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
and I just wanted to give you a sense of what a leg system looks like,
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닀리가 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
because I'm showing you all these knees
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λ¬΄λ¦Žμ„ μ—¬λŸ¬ 개 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ ΈλŠ”λ°
03:27
and I imagine it's hard to think how it all fits together.
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κ·Έ 원리가 κΆκΈˆν•˜μ‹€ν…Œμ£ .
03:29
So at the top you have a socket,
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μƒμœ„ 뢀뢄은 ꡬ멍이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
and this fits over someone's residual limb,
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λͺΈν†΅μ— λΌμ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
and everyone's residual limb is a little bit different.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ§ˆλ‹€ μ‘°κΈˆμ”© λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄ λ‹€λ₯΄κ² μ£ .
03:36
And then you have the knee,
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μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” λ¬΄λ¦ŽμΈλ°μš”
03:37
and here I've got a single axis on the knee
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μ—¬κΈ° 좕이 ν•˜λ‚˜ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
so you can see how it rotates,
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νšŒμ „ν•˜λŠ” 방식을 λ³Ό 수 있죠.
03:41
and then a pylon, and then a foot.
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그리고 λŒ€κ°€ 있고 발이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
And we've been able to develop a knee,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 닀동원체 λ¬΄λ¦Žμ„ κ°œλ°œν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”
03:47
a polycentric knee, so that type of knee
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μΈκ°„μ˜ 무릎처럼 λ°˜μ‘ν•˜μ—¬
03:49
that acts like a human knee, mimics human gait,
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μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ 걸을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
for 80 dollars retail.
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μ†Œλ§€κ°€λ‘œ 80 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ£ .
03:55
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
03:58
But the key is, you can have this great invention,
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ”, 이런 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ 발λͺ…κ³Ό
04:01
you can have this great design, but how do you get it
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λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ μ œν’ˆμ„ ν•„μš”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
04:03
to the people who most need it?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 전달할 수 μžˆλŠλƒλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
How do you ensure it gets to them and it improves their lives?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κ³  μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 삢을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:08
So at D-Rev, we've done some other projects,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ D-Revμ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
and we looked at three things that we really believe
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ λ―ΏλŠ” μ„Έ 가지에 쀑점을 λ‘μ—ˆμ£ .
04:13
gets technologies to customers, to users,
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기술이 고객, μ‚¬μš©μž, 그리고 ν•„μš”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
04:17
to people who need it.
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μ „λ‹¬λ˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
And the first thing is that the product needs to be world class.
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이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 첫째 쑰건은 μ œν’ˆμ˜ μš°μˆ˜μ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
It needs to perform on par
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μ‹œμž₯의 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ œν’ˆκ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
04:23
or better than the best products on the market.
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더 μš°μˆ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
Regardless of your income level,
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ μ†Œλ“ μˆ˜μ€€μ— 상관없이
04:28
you want the most beautiful,
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외관상 아름닡고
04:30
the best product that there is.
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ν’ˆμ§ˆμ΄ 쒋은 μ œν’ˆμ„ μ›ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
04:32
I'm going to show you a video now
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이제 μ• μ‰¬λΌλŠ” λ‚¨μžλΆ„μ˜ μ˜μƒμ„
04:36
of a man named Ash. You can see him walking.
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λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ±Έμ–΄λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” κ±Έ 보싀 수 있죠
04:37
He's wearing the same knee system here
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κ·ΈλŠ” 단좕 무릎의 μ˜μ‘±μ„
04:39
with a single axis knee.
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μ°©μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
And he's doing a 10-meter walk test.
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μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 10 λ―Έν„°λ₯Ό κ±·κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:43
And you'll notice that he's struggling with stability as he's walking.
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쀑심을 작기 μœ„ν•΄ μ•ˆκ°„νž˜μœΌλ‘œ μ“°μ£ .
04:47
And something that's not obvious, that you can't see,
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ λͺ…λ°±ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ λ­”κ°€, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ³Ό μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†λŠ” 것은
04:49
is that it's psychologically draining
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그게 μ‹¬λ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ 고좩을 느끼게 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ ,
04:52
to walk and to be preventing yourself from falling.
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κ±Έμ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³  λ„˜μ–΄μ§€μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ €κ³  μ• λ₯Ό 써야 ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
04:56
Now this is a video of Kamal.
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이건 카말의 λΉ„λ””μ˜€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:58
You remember Kamal earlier, holding the bamboo staff.
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κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹œμ£ , μ΄μ „μ˜ μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ 카말은 λŒ€λ‚˜λ¬΄ λŒ€λ₯Ό 작고 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
05:00
He's wearing one of the earlier versions of our knee,
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저희 초기 μ œν’ˆμ„ μ°©μš©ν–ˆλŠ”λ°μš”
05:03
and he's doing that same 10-meter walk test.
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ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 10 λ―Έν„°λ₯Ό κ±·κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:06
And you can see his stability is much better.
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훨씬 μ•ˆμ •μ μ΄μ£ .
05:11
So world class isn't just about technical performance.
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ν’ˆμ§ˆμ΄ μš°μˆ˜ν•˜λ €λ©΄ 기술 외에도
05:14
It's also about human performance.
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μΈκ°„μ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰μ„±κ³Όλ„ μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:18
And most medical devices, we've learned,
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저희가 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•œ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜
05:20
as we've dug in, are really designed for Westerners,
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의료 κΈ°κΈ°λŠ” λΆ€μœ ν•œ λ‚˜λΌμ˜ μ„œμ–‘μΈμ„ μœ„ν•œ
05:22
for wealthier economies.
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κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
But the reality is our users, our customers,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 보면 저희 고객듀은
05:27
they do different things. They sit cross-legged more.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 행동을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 닀리λ₯Ό κΌ¬κ³  앉기λ₯Ό 더 많이 ν•˜μ£ .
05:30
We see that they squat. They kneel in prayer.
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μͺΌκ·Έλ¦¬κ³  앉기도 ν•˜κ³  κΈ°λ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 꿇기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
And we designed our knee to have the greatest range of motion
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €ν¬λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μžμ„Έλ₯Ό μ·¨ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘
05:35
of almost any other knee on the market.
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인곡 λ¬΄λ¦Žμ„ κ³ μ•ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
So the second thing we learned, and this leads
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 저희가 얻은 λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ κ΅ν›ˆμ€
05:41
into my second point, which is that we believe
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즉, λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  싢은 점으둜 μ΄μ–΄μ§€λŠ”λ°μš”
05:43
that products need to be designed to be user-centric.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ œν’ˆμ΄ μ‚¬μš©μž 쀑심이어야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ–΄μš”.
05:46
And at D-Rev, we go one step further and we say
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D-Revμ—μ„œλŠ” 이보닀 ν•œ 발짝 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€
05:49
you need to be user-obsessed.
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μ‚¬μš©μžμ— 집착해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
So it's not just the end user that you're thinking about,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ, μ΅œμ’… μ‚¬μš©μžλ§Œ κ³ λ €ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:53
but everyone who interacts with the product,
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μ œν’ˆ μ‚¬μš©κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ λͺ¨λ“  이듀을 κ³ λ €ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
so, for example, the prosthetist who fits the knee,
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κ°€λ Ή, ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ 인곡 λ¬΄λ¦Žμ„ λΌμš°λŠ” 보철사 말이죠.
05:58
but also the context in which the knee is being fit.
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μ œν’ˆμ΄ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½λ„ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ κ³ λ €ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
What is the local market like?
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μ§€μ—­μ˜ νŒλ§€μ²˜λΌλ“ μ§€,
06:03
How do all these components get to the clinic?
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λΆ€ν’ˆμ„ μ˜λ£Œμ›μ— μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 방법이라든지,
06:05
Do they all get there on time? The supply chain.
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배달 μ‹œμ μ΄λΌλ“ μ§€, 곡급망 같은 κ±°μ£ .
06:07
Everything that goes into ensuring
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μ‚¬μš©μžμ—κ²Œ μ „λ‹¬λ˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€μ˜
06:09
that this product gets to the end user,
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λͺ¨λ“  과정을 μ•„μš°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:11
and it goes in as part of the system, and it's used.
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μœ ν†΅λ§μ„ κ²½μœ ν•˜μ—¬, μ‚¬μš©μžκ°€ 그것을 μ΄μš©ν•˜κ²Œ 되죠.
06:15
So I wanted to show you some of the iterations
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자, 자이퍼 인곡 무릎이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ
06:17
we did between the first version, the Jaipur Knee,
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λ³€ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 보여 λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
so this is it right here.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ΄κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:24
(Clicking)
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(딸각 딸각)
06:25
Notice anything about it?
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그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ­”κ°€ λˆˆμΉ˜μ±„μ…¨λ‚˜μš”?
06:28
It clicks.
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그게 딸각거리죠.
06:30
We'd seen that users had actually modified it.
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μ‚¬μš©μžλ“€μ€ 이 점을 λ³΄μ™„ν•˜μ£ .
06:33
So do you see that black strip right there?
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μ—¬κΈ° 까만 띠 λ³΄μ΄μ„Έμš”?
06:37
That's a homemade noise dampener.
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μ†ŒμŒ 방지 ν…Œμ΄ν”„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
We also saw that our users had modified it
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μ‚¬μš©μžλ“€μ€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ
06:42
in other ways.
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λ¬Έμ œμ μ„ λ³΄μ™„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
You can see there that that particular amputee,
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μ—¬κΈ° 이 뢄은
06:45
he had wrapped bandages around the knee.
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무릎 뢀뢄에 λΆ•λŒ€λ₯Ό κ°μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
06:47
He'd made a cosmesis.
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μΌμ’…μ˜ μ„±ν˜•μˆ μ΄μ£ .
06:49
And if you look at the knee,
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λ¬΄λ¦Žμ„ 보면
06:51
it's got those pointy edges, right?
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끝이 λ½€μ‘±ν•˜μ£ ?
06:55
So if you're wearing it under pants or a skirt
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λ°”μ§€λ‚˜ 치마λ₯Ό μž…κ±°λ‚˜
06:57
or a sari, it's really obvious
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사리λ₯Ό μž…μœΌλ©΄, λ„ˆλ¬΄ ν™•μ—°ν•˜κ²Œ
06:59
that you're wearing a prosthetic limb,
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ν‘œμ‹œκ°€ λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:01
and in societies where there's social stigma around being disabled,
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μž₯애에 λŒ€ν•œ 편견이 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œλŠ”
07:05
people are particularly acute about this.
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외관상 ν‘œμ‹œκ°€ 뢀담이 되죠.
07:08
So I'm going to show you some of the modifications we did.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ³€ν˜•μ„ μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
We did a lot of iterations, not just around this, but some other things.
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μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ λ³€ν˜•μ„ μ‹œλ„ν–ˆμ£ .
07:13
But here we have the version three, the ReMotion Knee,
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μ—¬κΈ° μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έ μ‹œλ„μΈ ReMotion λ¬΄λ¦Žμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
but if you look in here, you can see
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이 μ•ˆμͺ½μ— λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
07:17
the noise dampener. It's quieter.
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μ†ŒμŒ λ°©μ§€μ œκ°€ 있죠. μ‘°μš©ν•˜μ£ .
07:22
The other thing we did is that we smoothed the profile.
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 외곽선을 λΆ€λ“œλŸ½κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
07:26
We made it thinner.
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더 μ–‡κ²Œμš”.
07:27
And something that's not obvious is that we
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그리고 λŒ€λŸ‰μƒμ‚°μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ„λ‘
07:29
designed it for mass production.
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μ œν’ˆμ„ κ³ μ•ˆν–ˆμ£ .
07:32
And this goes into my last point.
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제 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μš”μ§€λŠ”,
07:34
We really, truly believe that if a product
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ”, μ œν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ
07:36
is going to reach users at the scale that it's needed,
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μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ λ¬ΌλŸ‰μ΄ ν™•λ³΄λ˜λ €λ©΄
07:38
it needs to be market-driven,
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μ‹œμž₯성이 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ§„μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
and market-driven means that products are sold.
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즉, νŒ”λ¦¬λŠ” μ œν’ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ£ .
07:43
They're not donated. They're not heavily subsidized.
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κΈ°λΆ€λ°›λŠ” 것도 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³  μ§€μ›κΈˆμœΌλ‘œ μ œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” 것도 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
07:46
Our product needs to be designed to offer value
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μ œν’ˆμ€ μ‚¬μš©μžμ—κ²Œ κ°€μΉ˜μžˆλŠ”
07:48
to the end user.
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것이 λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:50
It also has to be designed to be very affordable.
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λ˜ν•œ, μ €λ ΄ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ£ .
07:52
But a product that is valued by a customer
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κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό 느끼면, μ†ŒλΉ„μžλŠ”
07:54
is used by a customer,
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μ œν’ˆμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ²Œ 되고,
07:56
and use is what creates impact.
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영ν–₯λ ₯을 μ΄ˆλž˜ν•˜μ£ .
07:58
And we believe that as designers,
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κ°œλ°œμžλŠ” μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ— λŒ€ν•œ
08:00
it holds us accountable to our customers.
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μ±…μž„μ΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:03
And with centralized manufacturing,
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제쑰 κ³Όμ •μ˜ 일원화λ₯Ό 톡해
08:06
you can control the quality control,
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ν’ˆμ§ˆκ΄€λ¦¬κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯해지고
08:08
and you can hit that $80 price point
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80λ‹¬λŸ¬ κ°€κ²©μ„ μ—μ„œ
08:09
with profit margins built in.
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λ§ˆμ§„μ„ 남길 수 있죠.
08:12
And now, those profit margins are critical,
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수읡 λ§ˆμ§„μ΄ μ€‘μš”ν•œλ°μš”,
08:14
because if you want to scale, if you want to reach
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λŒ€λŸ‰ 생산을 톡해
08:16
all the people in the world who possibly need a knee,
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 인곡 λ¬΄λ¦Žμ„ κ³΅κΈ‰ν•˜λ €λ©΄
08:18
it needs to be economically sustainable.
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경제적으둜 지속가λŠ₯성이 μžˆμ–΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
So I want to give you a sense of where we are at.
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ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ 싀적을 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄,
08:24
We have fit over 5,000 amputees,
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5,000λͺ…μ˜ κ³ κ°μ—κ²Œ μ œν’ˆμ„ κ³΅κΈ‰ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
08:27
and one of the big indicators we're looking at, of course,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ³ λ €ν•˜λŠ” ν•œκ°€μ§€ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ§€ν‘œλŠ”, λ¬Όλ‘ 
08:30
is, does it improve lives?
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κ·Έ μ œν’ˆμ΄ 삢을 κ°œμ„ μ‹œν‚€λŠ”κ°€? λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
Well, the standard is, is someone
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음, 평가 기쀀은 6κ°œμ›” 후에도
08:33
still wearing their knee six months later?
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저희 μ œν’ˆμ„ μ°©μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:36
The industry average is about 65 percent.
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μ‚°μ—… 평균 μˆ˜μΉ˜λŠ” 65%μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:38
Ours is 79 percent,
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저희 μ œν’ˆμ€ 79%μ£ .
08:41
and we're hoping to get that higher.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ λΉ„μœ¨μ„ 더 높이기λ₯Ό 바라고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:44
Right now, our knees are worn in 12 countries.
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ν˜„μž¬λŠ”, 12κ°œκ΅­μ—μ„œ 저희 μ œν’ˆμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
This is where we want to get, though,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜λŠ”
08:48
in the next three years.
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3λ…„ ν›„ λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” 이과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:50
We'll double the impact in 2015,
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2015λ…„μ—λŠ” 두배 증가,
08:52
and we'll double it each of the following years after that.
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그리고 μ°¨κΈ° 연도에도 계속 두배 증가가 λͺ©ν‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:55
But then we hit a new challenge,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ„€μ •ν•œ ν›„ μ§λ©΄ν•œ λ‚œκ΄€μ€,
08:57
and that's the number of skilled prosthetists
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μˆ™λ ¨λœ λ³΄μ² μ‚¬μ˜ μˆ˜κ°€
08:59
who are able to fit knees.
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λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
So I want to end with a story of Pournima.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 끝으둜 ν”„λ¦¬λ‹ˆλ§ˆ μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν• κΉŒ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
Pournima was 18 years old
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ν”„λ¦¬λ‹ˆλ§ˆλŠ” 18μ‚΄ λ•Œ
09:07
when she was in a car accident where she lost her leg,
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μ°¨ 사고λ₯Ό λ‹Ήν•˜μ—¬ 닀리λ₯Ό μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:10
and she traveled 12 hours by train
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12μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ κΈ°μ°¨λ₯Ό 타고
09:13
to come to the clinic to be fit with a knee,
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μ˜μ‘±μ„ λ§ŸμΆ”κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ˜λ£Œμ›μ— μ™”κ³ ,
09:15
and while all of the amputees who wear our knees
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저희 μ œν’ˆ μ‚¬μš©μžλ“€μ€ λͺ¨λ‘
09:18
affect us as the designers,
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μ œν’ˆ λ””μžμΈμ— 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ”λ°μš”,
09:20
she's particularly meaningful to me as an engineer and as a woman,
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ν”„λ¦¬λ‹ˆλ§ˆλŠ” μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄μ΄μž μ—¬μ„±μœΌλ‘œμ„œ
09:24
because she was in school,
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μ €μ—κ²Œ νŠΉλ³„νžˆ λ§Žμ€ 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:26
she had just started school to study engineering.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ‹Ήμ‹œ, 곡학을 κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μž…ν•™μ„ ν•œ μƒνƒœμ˜€μ–΄μš”.
09:29
And she said, "Well, now that I can walk again,
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ§ν–ˆμ£ , "음, λ‹€μ‹œ 걸을 수 있게 λμœΌλ‹ˆ
09:31
I can go back and complete my studies."
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ν•™κ΅λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€ 곡뢀λ₯Ό λ§ˆμΉ˜κ² μ–΄μš”."
09:33
And to me she represents the next generation
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μ €λŠ” ν”„λ¦¬λ‹ˆλ§ˆκ°€ μ°¨μ„ΈλŒ€ κ³΅ν•™λ„μ˜ ν‘œλ³Έμ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
09:36
of engineers solving problems
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이듀은 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³ 
09:39
and ensuring meaningful technologies
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μ˜λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν™•λ³΄ν•˜λ©°
09:42
reach their users.
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μ‚¬μš©μžμ—κ²Œ 손을 λ»—μ£ .
09:44
So thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:46
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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