Inge Missmahl brings peace to the minds of Afghanistan

23,749 views ใƒป 2010-09-29

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yifat Adler ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
So I want to tell you a story -- an encouraging story --
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขื•ื“ื“,
00:19
about addressing
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ื”ืขื•ืกืง
00:21
desperation, depression and despair in Afghanistan,
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ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืงื•ื•ื”, ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
00:24
and what we have learned from it,
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ืžื” ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื”ื,
00:26
and how to help people
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ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื
00:28
to overcome traumatic experiences
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ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื˜ืจืื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื,
00:32
and how to help them to regain some confidence
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ื•ืื™ืš ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
00:35
in the time ahead -- in the future --
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“
00:37
and how to participate again in everyday life.
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ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™.
00:41
So, I am a Jungian psychoanalyst,
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ืื ื™ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืื ืœืกื™ื˜ื™ืช ื™ื•ื ื’ื™ืื ื™ืช
00:43
and I went to Afghanistan in January 2004, by chance,
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ื•ื”ื’ืขืชื™, ื‘ืžืงืจื”, ืœืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2004
00:47
on an assignment for Medica Mondiale.
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ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ืงื” ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ.
00:50
Jung in Afghanistan --
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ื™ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ --
00:52
you get the picture.
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื...
00:55
Afghanistan is one of the poorest countries in the world,
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ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
00:58
and 70 percent of the people are illiterate.
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70 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืื ืืœืคื‘ืชื™ืช.
01:01
War and malnutrition kills people
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ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื•ืชืช-ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
01:03
together with hope.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
01:05
You may know this from the media,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
01:07
but what you may not know
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื
01:09
is that the average age of the Afghan people is 17 years old,
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ืฉื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื 17.
01:12
which means they grow up in such an environment
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ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
01:15
and -- I repeat myself --
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-- ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช --
01:17
in 30 years of war.
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ืฉืœ 30 ืฉื ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืžื”.
01:19
So this translates
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื
01:21
into ongoing violence,
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ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช,
01:23
foreign interests, bribery,
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ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื–ืจื™ื, ืฉื•ื—ื“,
01:25
drugs, ethnic conflicts,
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ืกืžื™ื, ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ืืชื ื™ื™ื,
01:28
bad health, shame, fear
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ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืงื•ื™ื™ื”, ืืฉืžื”, ืคื—ื“,
01:31
and cumulative traumatic experiences.
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ื•ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืจืื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช.
01:34
Local and foreign military
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ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฆื‘ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื–ืจื™ื
01:36
are supposed to build peace together with the donors
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ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื
01:39
and the governmental and non-governmental organizations.
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ื•ืขื ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื.
01:42
And people had hope, yes,
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ื›ืŸ. ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ื•ื”
01:44
but until they realized
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื•
01:46
their situation worsens every day --
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ืฉืžืฆื‘ื ื ืขืฉื” ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ื --
01:48
either because they are being killed
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ืื• ืฉื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื,
01:50
or because, somehow,
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ืื• ืฉืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•,
01:53
they are poorer than eight years ago.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ 8 ืฉื ื™ื.
01:56
One figure for that:
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ื ืชื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื“ื’ื™ื ื–ืืช:
01:58
54 percent of the children under the age of five years
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54 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 5
02:01
suffer from malnutrition.
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ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืชืช-ืชื–ื•ื ื”.
02:03
Yet, there is hope.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
02:06
One day a man told me,
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ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืืžืจ ืœื™,
02:08
"My future does not look brilliant,
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"ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื ืจืื” ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ,
02:10
but I want to have a brilliant future for my son."
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ."
02:14
This is a picture I took in 2005,
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ื–ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ื‘-2005,
02:16
walking on Fridays over the hills in Kabul,
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ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ืงืื‘ื•ืœ.
02:19
and for me it's a symbolic picture
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืžืกืžืœืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื™
02:21
of an open future for a young generation.
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ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ.
02:27
So, doctors prescribe medication.
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ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืจืฉืžื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
02:31
And donors
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ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื
02:33
are supposed to bring peace
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ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื
02:35
by building schools and roads.
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ืข"ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื,
02:40
Military collect weapons,
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ื”ืฆื‘ื ืื•ืกืฃ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง,
02:42
and depression stays intact.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื›ืื•ืŸ.
02:45
Why?
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ืœืžื”?
02:47
Because people don't have tools
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื
02:49
to cope with it, to get over it.
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ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื•, ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•.
02:54
So, soon after my arrival,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืžื™ื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™,
02:56
I had confirmed something which I had already known;
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ืื™ืžืชืชื™ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื™.
02:59
that my instruments come from the heart of modern Europe, yes.
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ืืžื ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืœื‘ ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช,
03:02
However, what can wound us
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ืื‘ืœ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ืฆืขื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•,
03:04
and our reaction to those wounds --
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ื•ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืคืฆืขื™ื ื”ืืœื” --
03:06
they are universal.
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ื”ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื.
03:08
And the big challenge
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ื•ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ
03:10
was how to understand the meaning of the symptom
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื
03:13
in this specific cultural context.
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ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื–ื”.
03:16
After a counseling session, a woman said to me,
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ืขื ืกื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืฉืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ, ืืฉื” ืืžืจื” ืœื™,
03:19
"Because you have felt me, I can feel myself again,
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"ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ืื•ืชื™, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™,
03:22
and I want to participate again
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืคื”
03:24
in my family life."
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™."
03:27
This was very important,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“,
03:29
because the family is central
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช
03:31
in Afghans' social system.
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
03:34
No one can survive alone.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืœื‘ื“.
03:37
And if people feel used, worthless and ashamed,
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ื•ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื ื•ืฆืœื™ื, ื—ืกืจื™ ืขืจืš ื•ืžืœืื™ ื‘ื•ืฉื”,
03:40
because something horrible has happened to them,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื ื•ืจื ืงืจื” ืœื”ื,
03:43
then they retreat, and they fall into social isolation,
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ื”ื ืžืกืชื’ืจื™ื ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™
03:46
and they do not dare to tell this evil
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ืžืขื™ื–ื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ืข ื”ื–ื”
03:49
to other people or to their loved ones,
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืื• ืœืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื”ื,
03:52
because they do not want to burden them.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืขืžื™ืก ืขืœื™ื”ื.
03:54
And very often violence is a way to cope with it.
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ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
03:58
Traumatized people also easily lose control --
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื˜ืจืื•ืžื•ืช ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช --
04:01
symptoms are hyper-arousal and memory flashbacks --
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ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื™ืชืจ ื•ืคืœืืฉื‘ืงื™ื --
04:03
so people are in a constant fear
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื—ื“ ืžืชืžื™ื“
04:05
that those horrible feelings of that traumatic event
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ืฉื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื˜ืจืื•ืžื˜ื™
04:08
might come back unexpectedly,
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ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™,
04:10
suddenly,
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ื‘ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื•ืช,
04:12
and they cannot control it.
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ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื.
04:15
To compensate this loss of inner control,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช,
04:18
they try to control the outside,
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ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
04:21
very understandably -- mostly the family --
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
04:23
and unfortunately,
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ื•ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ,
04:25
this fits very well
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ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืžืื•ื“
04:27
into the traditional side,
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ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™,
04:30
regressive side, repressive side,
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ืœืฆื“ ื”ืจื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™, ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžื“ื›ื,
04:32
restrictive side of the cultural context.
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ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™.
04:36
So, husbands start beating wives,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื,
04:39
mothers and fathers beat their children,
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ืืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ื ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื,
04:41
and afterward, they feel awful.
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืจื.
04:43
They did not want to do this, it just happened --
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ื”ื ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช. ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงืจื”.
04:45
they lost control.
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ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
04:48
The desperate try
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ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ื ื•ืืฉื•ืช
04:50
to restore order and normality,
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ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื•ืืช ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื•ืช,
04:53
and if we are not able to cut this circle of violence,
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ื•ืื ืœื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ื”,
04:57
it will be transferred to the next generation without a doubt.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืœื ืฆืœ ืฉืœ ืกืคืง ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื.
05:00
And partly this is already happening.
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ.
05:03
So everybody needs a sense for the future,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“.
05:06
and the Afghan sense of the future
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ื•ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ืืคื’ื ื™ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“
05:08
is shattered.
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ืžื ื•ืคืฆืช.
05:12
But let me repeat the words of the woman.
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ืื‘ืœ, ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื”:
05:15
"Because you have felt me,
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"ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ืื•ืชื™,
05:17
I can feel myself again."
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™."
05:20
So the key here is empathy.
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ื”ืžืคืชื— ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืืžืคืชื™ื”.
05:22
Somebody has to be a witness
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“
05:24
to what has happened to you.
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ืœืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœืš.
05:26
Somebody has to feel how you felt.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื™ืš ืืชื” ื”ืจื’ืฉืช.
05:29
And somebody has to see you and listen to you.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชืš ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืš.
05:34
Everybody must be able
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช
05:36
to know what he or she has experienced is true,
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ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื• ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื• - ืื›ืŸ ืงืจื•.
05:40
and this only goes with another person.
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ื•ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืจืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืื“ื ื ื•ืกืฃ.
05:43
So everybody must be able to say,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
05:45
"This happened to me, and it did this with me,
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"ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืœื™, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™,
05:48
but I'm able to live with it, to cope with it,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื–ื”, ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื”,
05:50
and to learn from it.
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ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื–ื”.
05:52
And I want to engage myself
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืกื•ืง
05:54
in the bright future for my children
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ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™
05:56
and the children of my children,
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ื•ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
05:58
and I will not marry-off my 13 year-old daughter," --
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืื—ืชืŸ ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 13" --
06:01
what happens too often in Afghanistan.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ื™ื— ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
06:04
So something can be done,
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ืื ื›ืš, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•,
06:06
even in such extreme environments as Afghanistan.
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ื’ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
06:09
And I started thinking about a counseling program.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ.
06:12
But, of course, I needed help and funds.
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ืื‘ืœ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœืขื–ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืกืคื™ื.
06:14
And one evening,
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ื•ืขืจื‘ ืื—ื“,
06:16
I was sitting next to a very nice gentleman in Kabul,
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ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื™ื“ ืื“ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื ื—ืžื“ ื‘ืงืื‘ื•ืœ,
06:18
and he asked what I thought would be good in Afghanistan.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืžื” ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
06:21
And I explained to him quickly,
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ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื•,
06:23
I would train psycho-social counselors,
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื•-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื,
06:26
I would open centers, and I explained to him why.
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื, ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš.
06:30
This man gave me his contact details at the end of the evening
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขืจื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ
06:33
and said, "If you want to do this, call me."
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ื•ืืžืจ, "ืื ืืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ืชืชืงืฉืจื™ ืืœื™."
06:36
At that time, it was the head of Caritas Germany.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ืงืืจื™ื˜ืก ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”.
06:41
So, I was able to launch a three-year project with Caritas Germany,
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœ 3 ืฉื ื™ื ืขื ืงืืจื™ื˜ืก ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”,
06:44
and we trained 30 Afghan women and men,
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ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจื ื• 30 ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืืคื’ื ื™ื™ื,
06:46
and we opened 15 counseling centers in Kabul.
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ื•ืคืชื—ื ื• 15 ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ืงืื‘ื•ืœ.
06:49
This was our sign -- it's hand-painted,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกืžืœ ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื“.
06:52
and we had 45 all over Kabul.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 45 ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืงืื‘ื•ืœ.
06:55
Eleven thousand people came -- more than that.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-11,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื•.
06:57
And 70 percent regained their lives.
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ื•-70 ืื—ื•ื– ืฉื™ืงืžื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
07:00
This was a very exciting time,
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ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ -
07:02
developing this with my wonderful Afghan team.
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ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืขื ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืืคื’ื ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื ืฉืœื™.
07:05
And they are working with me up to today.
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ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื™ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื.
07:07
We developed a culturally-sensitive
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ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ื™ืขื•ืฆื™ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
07:09
psycho-social counseling approach.
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ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช.
07:12
So, from 2008 up until today,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืžืื– 2008 ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื,
07:15
a substantial change and step forward
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™
07:17
has been taking place.
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ื•ืฆืขื™ื“ื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
07:19
The European Union delegation in Kabul
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ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ ืœืงืื‘ื•ืœ
07:22
came into this and hired me to work
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ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ื•ืฉื›ืจื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
07:24
inside the Ministry of Public Health,
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ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช,
07:26
to lobby this approach --
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•.
07:28
we succeeded.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื•.
07:30
We revised the mental health component
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ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ
07:33
of the primary health care services
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ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช.
07:35
by adding psycho-social care
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ื”ื•ืกืคื ื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื•-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื
07:37
and psycho-social counselors to the system.
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ื•ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื•-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช.
07:40
This means, certainly, to retrain all health staff.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช.
07:43
But for that, we already have the training manuals,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื”,
07:46
which are approved by the Ministry
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ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“.
07:49
and moreover, this approach is now part
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ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ืœืง
07:51
of the mental health strategy in Afghanistan.
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ืžื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
07:55
So we also have implemented it already
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ืขื“ ืขืชื” ื™ื™ืฉืžื ื• ืื•ืชื”
07:57
in some selected clinics in three provinces,
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ื‘ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื ื‘ื—ืจื•ืช ื‘-3 ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื,
08:00
and you are the first to see the results.
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ื•ืืชื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช.
08:03
We wanted to know if what is being done is effective.
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข.
08:06
And here you can see
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ,
08:08
the patients all had symptoms of depression,
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ,
08:11
moderate and severe.
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ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื—ืจื™ืฃ.
08:14
And the red line is the treatment as usual --
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ื”ืงื• ื”ืื“ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ
08:16
medication with a medical doctor.
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ื”ืชืจื•ืคืชื™.
08:18
And all the symptoms
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ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื
08:20
stayed the same or even got worse.
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ื ืฉืืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ื—ืžืจื•.
08:23
And the green line is treatment with psycho-social counseling only,
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ื”ืงื• ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืข"ื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืคืกื™ื›ื•-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“
08:25
without medication.
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ืœืœื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
08:27
And you can see the symptoms almost completely go away,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ืขืœืžื•,
08:30
and the psycho-social stress has dropped significantly,
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ื•ื”ื“ื—ืง ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื™ืจื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.
08:33
which is explicable,
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ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ
08:35
because you cannot take away the psycho-social stresses,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ื“ื—ืง ืคืกื™ื›ื•-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™,
08:37
but you can learn how to cope with them.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื•.
08:40
So this makes us very happy,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืžื— ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืื•ื“,
08:42
because now we also have some evidence
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช
08:44
that this is working.
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ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ.
08:47
So here you see,
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ื›ืืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช,
08:49
this is a health facility in Northern Afghanistan,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ,
08:51
and every morning it looks like this all over.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืš.
08:54
And doctors usually have three to six minutes for the patients,
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ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“"ื› 3-6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ.
08:57
but now this will change.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื™ืฉืชื ื”.
08:59
They go to the clinics,
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ื”ื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืจืคืื•ืช,
09:01
because they want to cure their immediate symptoms,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
09:03
and they will find somebody to talk to
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื•
09:05
and discuss these issues
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ื•ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื”
09:07
and talk about what is burdening them
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ื•ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืขื™ืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื
09:09
and find solutions, develop their resources,
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
09:12
learn tools to solve their family conflicts
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืœื™ื ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื
09:16
and gain some confidence in the future.
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ื•ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
09:19
And I would like to share one short vignette.
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ืืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืงืฆืจ.
09:23
One Hazara said to his Pashtun counselor,
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ื‘ืŸ ื”ืื–ืืจ ืืžืจ ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืคืฉื˜ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื•,
09:27
"If we were to have met some years ago,
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"ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื,
09:30
then we would have killed each other.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
09:32
And now you are helping me
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื™
09:34
to regain some confidence in the future."
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ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“."
09:37
And another counselor said to me after the training,
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ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืื—ืจ ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื”,
09:40
"You know, I never knew why I survived the killings in my village,
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"ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช? ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืœืžื” ืฉืจื“ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืœ ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืฉืœื™.
09:44
but now I know,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข.
09:46
because I am part of a nucleus
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ืื ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื’ืจืขื™ืŸ
09:48
of a new peaceful society in Afghanistan."
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ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉื•ื—ืจืช ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ."
09:51
So I believe this kept me running.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืขื•ื“ื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš.
09:54
And this is a really emancipatory and political contribution
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช
09:57
to peace and reconciliation.
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ืœืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœื”ืชืคื™ื™ืกื•ืช.
10:00
And also -- I think --
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช
10:02
without psycho-social therapy,
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ืฉืœืœื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื•-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™
10:04
and without considering this
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ื•ืœืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”
10:06
in all humanitarian projects,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื™ื,
10:08
we cannot build-up civil societies.
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ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช.
10:11
I thought it was an idea worth spreading,
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื”ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืคืฆื”,
10:14
and I think it must be,
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื•,
10:16
can be, could be replicated elsewhere.
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
10:19
I thank you for your attention.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื›ื.
10:21
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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