How menopause affects the brain | Lisa Mosconi

1,748,054 views ใƒป 2020-04-13

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael Ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืžื ื•ืช.
00:13
Women are works of art.
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00:15
On the outside as on the inside.
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ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื.
00:18
I am a neuroscientist, and I focus on the inside,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ื‘ืคื ื™ื,
00:21
especially on women's brains.
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ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื™.
00:24
There are many theories on how women's brains differ
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื™
00:27
from men's brains,
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ื•ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™,
00:28
and I've been looking at brains for 20 years
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื–ื” 20 ืฉื ื”
00:30
and can guarantee that there is no such thing
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื›ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ
00:33
as a gendered brain.
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ืžื•ื— ืžื’ื“ืจื™.
00:35
Pink and blue, Barbie and Lego,
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ื•ืจื•ื“ ื•ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ื•ืœื’ื•,
00:38
those are all inventions that have nothing to do
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืงืฉืจ
00:40
with the way our brains are built.
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ืœื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื™.
00:44
That said, women's brains differ from men's brains
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื™ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™
00:47
in some respects.
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ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.
00:48
And I'm here to talk about these differences,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
00:50
because they actually matter for our health.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
00:54
For example,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื,
00:55
women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder
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ืœื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื‘ื—ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืขืช ื—ืจื“ื”
00:59
or depression,
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ืื• ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ,
01:00
not to mention headaches and migraines.
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ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ ื•ืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช.
01:03
But also, at the core of my research,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื, ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™,
01:06
women are more likely than men to have Alzheimer's disease.
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ืœื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ.
01:09
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause
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ืžื—ืœืช ื”ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:12
of dementia on the planet,
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ืœื“ืžื ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
01:14
affecting close to six million people in the United States alone.
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ื”ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
01:19
But almost two thirds of all those people
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”
01:23
are actually women.
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ื”ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื.
01:25
So for every man suffering from Alzheimer's
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ืื– ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ
01:28
there are two women.
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื.
01:29
So why is that overall?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”?
01:32
Is it age?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืœ?
01:34
Is it lifespan?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื?
01:35
What else could it be?
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ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช?
01:37
A few years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื,
01:39
I launched the Women's Brain Initiative
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื™
01:40
at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื” ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืกื™ื˜ื™,
01:43
exactly to answer those questions.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
01:45
And tonight, I'm here with some answers.
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ื•ื”ืขืจื‘, ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ืขื ื›ืžื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
01:49
So it turns out our brains age differently,
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ืื– ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืžื–ื“ืงืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”,
01:54
and menopause plays a key role here for women.
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ื•ืœืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื” ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื ืฉื™ื.
01:59
Now most people think of the brain as a kind of black box,
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื›ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืคืกื ืฉื—ื•ืจื”,
02:02
isolated from the rest of the body.
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ื”ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช ืžืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
02:04
But in reality, our brains are in constant interaction
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืชืžื“ืช
02:07
with the rest of us.
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ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•.
02:08
And perhaps surprisingly,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืคืชื™ืข ืืชื›ื ืœื“ืขืช
02:10
the interactions with the reproductive system
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ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื™ื”
02:14
are crucial for brain aging in women.
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ื”ื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื.
02:17
These interactions are mediated by our hormones.
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ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื–ื• ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
02:20
And we know that hormones differ between the genders.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื.
02:24
Men have more testosterone, women have more estrogens.
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ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ.
02:28
But what really matters here
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ
02:29
is that these hormones differ in their longevity.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:33
Men's testosterone doesn't run out until late in life,
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ื”ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืื•ื–ืœ ืขื“ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื,
02:36
which is a slow and pretty much symptom-free process, of course.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
02:41
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:45
Women's estrogens, on the other hand,
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ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื, ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™,
02:47
start fading in midlife, during menopause,
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื—ืœืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื”,
02:50
which is anything but symptom-free.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฃ ืžืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื.
02:54
We associate menopause with the ovaries,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื” ืœืฉื—ืœื•ืช,
02:57
but when women say that they're having hot flashes,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ื–ืงื™ ื—ื•ื,
02:59
night sweats, insomnia, memory lapses, depression, anxiety,
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ื”ื–ืขื•ืช ืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช, ืงืฉื™ื™ ืฉื™ื ื”, ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ, ื“ื›ืื•ืŸ, ื—ืจื“ื”,
03:03
those symptoms don't start in the ovaries.
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ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื—ืœื•ืช.
03:06
They start in the brain.
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—.
03:08
Those are neurological symptoms.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
03:10
We're just not used to thinking about them as such.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ื›ืืœื”.
03:14
So why is that?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื›ื›ื”?
03:15
Why are our brains impacted by menopause?
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ืœืžื” ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื”?
03:19
Well, first of all,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืจืืฉื™ืช,
03:20
our brains and ovaries are part of the neuroendocrine system.
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ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืื ื“ื•ืงืจื™ื ื™ืช.
03:24
As part of the system, the brain talks to the ovaries
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื•, ื”ืžื•ื— ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช,
03:27
and the ovaries talk back to the brain,
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ื•ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืขื ื”ืžื•ื—,
03:29
every day of our lives as women.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื ืฉื™ื.
03:32
So the health of the ovaries is linked to the health of the brain.
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ืื– ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
03:36
And the other way around.
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ื•ื”ื”ืคืš.
03:38
At the same time,
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ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ,
03:39
hormones like estrogen are not only involved in reproduction,
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ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื™ื”,
03:43
but also in brain function.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
03:46
And estrogen in particular, or estradiol,
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ื•ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืื• ืืกื˜ืจื“ื™ื•ืœ,
03:48
is really key for energy production in the brain.
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ื—.
03:52
At the cellular level,
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ื•ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืชืื™ืช,
03:54
estrogen literally pushes neurons to burn glucose to make energy.
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ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืชืื™ ืขืฆื‘ ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
03:58
If your estrogen is high,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ,
03:59
your brain energy is high.
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ืจืžืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
04:01
When your estrogen declines though,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืจืžืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื•ืจื“ืช,
04:04
your neurons start slowing down and age faster.
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ืชืื™ ื”ืขืฆื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืื˜ ื•ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืŸ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:08
And studies have shown that this process
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืฉื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื”
04:10
can even lead to the formation of amyloid plaques,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืคืœืืงื™ื ืขืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื“ื™ื™ื,
04:13
or Alzheimer's plaques,
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ืื• ืคืœืืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ,
04:15
which are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.
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ืฉื”ื ื”ืกืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœืžื—ืœืช ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ.
04:18
These effects are stronger in specific brain regions,
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ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—,
04:21
starting with the hypothalamus,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืคื•ืชืœืžื•ืก,
04:23
which is in charge of regulating body temperature.
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ืฉืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
04:26
When estrogen doesn't activate the hypothalamus correctly,
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ื›ืฉื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืคืขืœ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืคื•ืชืœืžื•ืก,
04:29
the brain cannot regulate body temperature correctly.
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
04:33
So those hot flashes that women get,
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ืื– ืื•ืชื ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช,
04:35
that's the hypothalamus.
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ื–ื” ื”ื”ื™ืคื•ืชืœืžื•ืก.
04:37
Then there's the brain stem, in charge of sleep and wake.
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ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื’ื–ืข ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ืงื™ืฆื” ืฉืœื ื•.
04:40
When estrogen doesn't activate the brain stem correctly,
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ื›ืฉื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืคืขืœ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื–ืข ื”ืžื•ื—,
04:43
we have trouble sleeping.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”.
04:45
Or it's the amygdala,
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ื•ืื– ื”ืืžื™ื’ื“ืœื”,
04:46
the emotional center of the brain, close to the hippocampus,
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ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—, ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืงืžืคื•ืก,
04:50
the memory center of the brain.
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ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
04:52
When estrogen levels ebb in these regions,
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ื›ืฉืจืžื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื”,
04:55
we start getting mood swings perhaps
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืœื™ ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžืžืฆื‘ื™ ืจื•ื— ืžืฉืชื ื™ื
04:57
and forget things.
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ื•ืฉื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
04:58
So this is the brain anatomy of menopause, if you will.
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ืื– ื–ืืช ื”ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื‘ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื”, ืื ืชืจืฆื•.
05:03
But let me show you
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื
05:04
what an actual woman's brain can look like.
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ืื™ืš ืžื•ื— ื ืฉื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช.
05:07
So this is a kind of brain scan
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ืื– ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ืงื” ืžื•ื—ื™ืช
05:09
called positron emission tomography or PET.
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ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื˜ื•ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื•ื–ื™ื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ืื• PET.
05:11
It looks at brain energy levels.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
05:13
And this is what you want your brain to look like
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ื•ื›ืš ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื™ืจืื”
05:17
when you're in your 40s.
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-40.
05:19
Really nice and bright.
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ืžืžืฉ ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื•ืืจ.
05:21
Now this brain belongs to a woman who was 43 years old
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืช 43
05:24
when she was first scanned, before menopause.
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ื‘ืกืจื™ืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื”.
05:27
And this is the same brain just eight years later,
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:32
after menopause.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื”.
05:34
If we put them side by side,
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ืื ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ื–ื” ืœืฆื“ ื–ื”,
05:36
I think you can easily see how the bright yellow
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื–ืง
05:39
turned orange, almost purple.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื›ืชื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืกื’ื•ืœ.
05:41
That's a 30 percent drop in brain energy levels.
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ื–ืืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 30 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
05:47
Now in general,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™,
05:49
this just doesn't seem to happen to a man of the same age.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”.
05:54
In our studies with hundreds of people,
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ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื—ืงืจื ื• ืžืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื,
05:57
we show that middle-aged men usually have high brain energy levels.
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ื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ืฉืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš-ื›ืœืœ ืจืžื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—.
06:01
For women, brain energy is usually fine before menopause,
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ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื, ืจืžืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ื— ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื”,
06:06
but then it gradually declines during the transition.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ.
06:10
And this was found independent of age.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœื’ื™ืœ.
06:13
It didn't matter if the women were 40, 50 or 60.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืช 40, 50 ืื• 60.
06:16
What mattered most was that they were in menopause.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื”.
06:21
So of course we need more research to confirm this,
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ืื– ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื™ืืฉืจื• ื–ืืช,
06:24
but it looks like women's brains in midlife
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
06:26
are more sensitive to hormonal aging
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ืช
06:29
than just straight up chronological aging.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”.
06:32
And this is important information to have,
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ื•ื–ืืช ืคื™ืกืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”,
06:34
because so many women can feel these changes.
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ื›ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
06:37
So many of our patients have said to me
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืืžืจื• ืœื™
06:39
that they feel like their minds are playing tricks on them,
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ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืžื ืกื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ,
06:42
to put it mildly.
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ืื ื ื ืกื— ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืชื™ื ื•ืช.
06:44
So I really want to validate this, because it's real.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืชืงืฃ ืืช ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืืžื™ืชื™.
06:47
And so just to clarify, if this is you,
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ื•ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ, ืื ื–ืืช ืืช,
06:50
you are not crazy.
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ืืช ืœื ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช.
06:53
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:54
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:56
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
06:58
It's important.
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
07:00
So many women have worried that they might be losing their minds.
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ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืื‘ื“ื•ืช ืืช ืฉืคื™ื•ืชืŸ.
07:03
But the truth is that your brain might be going through a transition,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื•ื•ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ,
07:06
or is going through a transition
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ืื• ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ื•ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ,
07:08
and needs time and support to adjust.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื–ืžืŸ ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ.
07:11
Also, if anyone is concerned
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ื’ื, ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืžื›ืš
07:12
that middle-aged women might be underperformers,
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ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื,
07:16
I'll just quickly add that we looked at cognitive performance,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื—ื ื• ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื,
07:19
God forbid, right?
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ื—ืก ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:21
Let's not do that.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
07:23
But we looked at cognitive performance,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื ื• ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืงื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื,
07:25
and we found absolutely no differences between men and women
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ื•ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื
07:29
before and after menopause.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื”.
07:31
And other studies confirm this.
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ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืืฉืจื™ื ื–ืืช.
07:33
So basically, we may be tired,
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ืื– ื‘ืขืฆื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืœื™ ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช,
07:36
but we are just as sharp.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื“ื•ืช.
07:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:41
Get that out of the way.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื–ื”.
07:43
That all said,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื–ื”,
07:44
there is something else more serious that deserves our attention.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื•.
07:47
If you remember,
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ืื ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื,
07:49
I mentioned that estrogen declines could potentially promote
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ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื
07:51
the formation of amyloid plaques, or Alzheimer's plaques.
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ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื ืฉืœ ืคืœืืงื™ื ืขืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
07:54
But there's another kind of brain scan that looks exactly at those plaques.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ืงื” ืžื•ื—ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
07:58
And we used it to show that middle-aged men hardly have any,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™ืŸ,
08:02
which is great.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ.
08:03
But for women,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื,
08:05
there's quite a bit of an increase during the transition to menopause.
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ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืคืื•ื–ื”.
08:10
And I want to be really, really clear here
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ
08:12
that not all women develop the plaques,
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ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืœืืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
08:14
and not all women with the plaques develop dementia.
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ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืœืืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ื“ืžื ืฆื™ื”.
08:18
Having the plaques is a risk factor,
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ื”ืคืœืืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื’ื•ืจื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
08:20
it is not in any way a diagnosis, especially at this stage.
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ื”ื ืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ, ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืœื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
08:24
But still, it's quite an insight
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ืืช ืื‘ื—ื ื” ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”
08:26
to associate Alzheimer's with menopause.
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ืฉืžืงืฉืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ ื•ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื”.
08:29
We think of menopause as belonging to middle age
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื” ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื”
08:32
and Alzheimer's as belonging to old age.
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ื•ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื™ืงื ื”.
08:34
But in reality,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช --
08:35
many studies, including my own work,
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื–ื” ืฉืœื™,
08:37
had shown that Alzheimer's disease starts with negative changes in the brain
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ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืฉืžื—ืœืช ื”ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—
08:42
years, if not decades, prior to clinical symptoms.
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ืฉื ื™ื, ืื ืœื ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื.
08:46
So for women,
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ืื– ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืฉื™ื,
08:48
it looks like this process starts in midlife,
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
08:51
during menopause.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื”.
08:52
Which is important information to have,
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ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•,
08:54
because it gives us a time line to start looking for those changes.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืกืจื’ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
08:58
So in terms of a time line,
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ืื– ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืจื’ืœ ื–ืžืŸ,
09:00
most women go through menopause in their early 50s.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
09:04
But it can be earlier,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:05
often because of medical interventions.
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช.
09:08
And the common example is a hysterectomy and/or an oophorectomy,
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ื•ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืจื—ื ื•/ืื• ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืฉื—ืœื•ืช.
09:12
which is the surgical removal of the uterus
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ืฉื”ื• ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ ืœื”ืกืจืช ื”ืจื—ื
09:15
and/or the ovaries.
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ื•/ืื• ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช.
09:17
And unfortunately, there is evidence
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ื•ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช
09:19
that having the uterus and, more so, the ovaries removed
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ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืกืจืช ื”ืจื—ื ื•/ ืื• ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช
09:23
prior to menopause
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื”
09:24
correlates with the higher risk of dementia in women.
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ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื“ืžื ืฆื™ื” ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื.
09:29
And I know that this is upsetting news,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช,
09:31
and it's definitely depressing news,
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ื–ื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื“ื›ืื•ืช ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜,
09:33
but we need to talk about it
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”
09:35
because most women are not aware of this correlation,
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ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”,
09:38
and it seems like very important information to have.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•.
09:42
Also, no one is suggesting that women decline these procedures
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื’ื ืœื ืžืฆื™ืข ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื•ืชืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
09:45
if they need them.
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ืื ื”ืŸ ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœื”ื.
09:46
The point here is that we really need to better understand
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:50
what happens to our brains as we go through menopause,
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื”,
09:54
natural or medical,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืื• ืจืคื•ืื™,
09:55
and how to protect our brains in the process.
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ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื”.
09:59
So how do we do that?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช?
10:00
How do we protect our brains?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•?
10:02
Should we take hormones?
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ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื ื™ืงื— ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื?
10:03
That's a fair question, it's a good question.
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ื–ืืช ืฉืืœื” ื”ื•ื’ื ืช, ื–ืืช ืฉืืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
10:06
And the shortest possible answer right now
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื”ืงืฆืจื” ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ื™ื
10:09
is that hormonal therapy can be helpful
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ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ
10:11
to alleviate a number of symptoms, like hot flashes,
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ืœื”ืงืœื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื,
10:15
but it's not currently recommended for dementia prevention.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ืจื’ืข ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื“ืžื ืฆื™ื”.
10:18
And many of us are working on testing different formulations
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ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืืชื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ืกื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
10:22
and different dosages and different time lines,
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ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฆื™ืจื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
10:24
and hopefully, all this work will lead to a change in recommendations
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช
10:28
in the future.
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ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
10:30
Meanwhile, there are other things that we can do today
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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื
10:34
to support our hormones and their effects on the brain
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื—
10:36
that do not require medications
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ืฉืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืชืจื•ืคืชื™
10:39
but do require taking a good look at our lifestyle.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
10:42
That's because the foods we eat,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื,
10:45
how much exercise we get,
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ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืขืžืœื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
10:46
how much sleep we get or don't get,
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ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืื• ืœื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื,
10:49
how much stress we have in our lives,
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ื›ืžื” ืžืชื— ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื,
10:51
those are all things that can actually impact our hormones --
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ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• --
10:54
for better and for worse.
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ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืจืขื”.
10:56
Food, for example.
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ืื•ื›ืœ, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื.
10:58
There are many diets out there,
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืชื–ื•ื ื”,
11:00
but studies have shown that the Mediterranean diet in particular
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืฉื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื-ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
11:04
is supportive of women's health.
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ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื.
11:07
Women on this diet have a much lower risk
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ืœื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื›ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ
11:11
of cognitive decline, of depression,
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ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ,
11:13
of heart disease, of stroke and of cancer,
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ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘, ื”ืชืงืคื™ ืœื‘ ื•ืกืจื˜ืŸ,
11:16
and they also have fewer hot flashes.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื’ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื.
11:19
What's interesting about this diet
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ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช
11:21
is that it's quite rich in foods that contain estrogens
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ื ื™ื,
11:26
in the form of phytoestrogens or estrogens from plants
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ื ื™ื, ืื• ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ื ื™ื ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื,
11:29
that act like mild estrogens in our bodies.
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ืฉืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ื ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•.
11:32
Some phytoestrogens have been linked to a possible risk of cancer,
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคื™ื˜ื•ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ื ื™ื ืงื•ืฉืจื• ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ,
11:36
but not the ones in this diet, which are safe.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืืœื” ืฉื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื”ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
11:39
Especially from flax seeds,
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ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžื–ืจืขื™ ืคืฉืชืŸ,
11:42
sesame seeds, dried apricots,
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ื–ืจืขื™ ืฉื•ืžืฉื•ื, ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื,
11:45
legumes and a number of fruits.
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ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช.
11:47
And for some good news,
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ื•ืœื›ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
11:49
dark chocolate contains phytoestrogens, too.
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ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืžืจื™ืจ ืžื›ื™ืœ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืคื™ื˜ื•ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ.
11:53
So diet is one way to gain estrogens,
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ืื– ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ,
11:56
but it's just as important to avoid things that suppress our estrogens instead,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื“ื›ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•,
12:00
especially stress.
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ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืœื—ืฅ.
12:02
Stress can literally steal your estrogens,
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ืœื—ืฅ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœื›ืŸ,
12:05
and that's because cortisol, which is the main stress hormone,
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™,
12:08
works in balance with our estrogens.
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ.
12:11
So if cortisol goes up, your estrogens go down.
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ืื– ืื ื”ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ ืขื•ืœื”, ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื•ืจื“.
12:14
If cortisol goes down, your estrogens go back up.
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ืื ื”ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืจื“, ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืขื•ืœื”.
12:17
So reducing stress is really important.
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ืื– ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืžืชื— ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
12:19
It doesn't just help your day,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื™ื•ื ืฉืœื›ื,
12:21
it also helps your brain.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื.
12:24
So these are just a few things
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ืื– ืืœื” ืจืง ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
12:25
that we can do to support our brains
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•
12:27
and there are more.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“.
12:29
But the important thing here
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ
12:30
is that changing the way we understand the female brain
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื™
12:34
really changes the way that we care for it,
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ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื•,
12:37
and the way that we frame women's health.
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ื•ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
12:39
And the more women demand this information,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื‘ืขื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”
12:42
the sooner we'll be able to break the taboos around menopause,
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ื›ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ืื‘ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžึถื ื•ึนืคึผึธืื•ึผื–ึธื” ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
12:46
and also come up with solutions that actually work,
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ื•ื’ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
12:49
not just for Alzheimer's disease,
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื—ืœืช ื”ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ,
12:50
but for women's brain health as a whole.
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ืืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
12:53
Brain health is women's health.
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ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”.
12:56
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
12:57
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:59
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
13:00
Oh, thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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