How menopause affects the brain | Lisa Mosconi

1,578,122 views ใƒป 2020-04-13

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jinny Cho ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
00:13
Women are works of art.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
On the outside as on the inside.
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์™ธ๋ฉด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋„์š”.
00:18
I am a neuroscientist, and I focus on the inside,
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์ €๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
especially on women's brains.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
There are many theories on how women's brains differ
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๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ฐ„ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:27
from men's brains,
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00:28
and I've been looking at brains for 20 years
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์ €๋Š” 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:30
and can guarantee that there is no such thing
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๋‡Œ๋ž€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
as a gendered brain.
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00:35
Pink and blue, Barbie and Lego,
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๋ถ„ํ™๊ณผ ํŒŒ๋ž‘, ๋ฐ”๋น„ ์ธํ˜•์™€ ๋ ˆ๊ณ 
00:38
those are all inventions that have nothing to do
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ถ€
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
with the way our brains are built.
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00:44
That said, women's brains differ from men's brains
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ
์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
in some respects.
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00:48
And I'm here to talk about these differences,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
because they actually matter for our health.
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๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:54
For example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ,
00:55
women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์žฅ์• ๋‚˜ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์— ๋” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
or depression,
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01:00
not to mention headaches and migraines.
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๋‘ํ†ต์ด๋‚˜ ํŽธ๋‘ํ†ต์€ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
01:03
But also, at the core of my research,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€
01:06
women are more likely than men to have Alzheimer's disease.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์€ ์น˜๋งค์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
of dementia on the planet,
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01:14
affecting close to six million people in the United States alone.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์•ฝ 6๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
But almost two thirds of all those people
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์ด ์ค‘ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 2/3์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
01:23
are actually women.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
So for every man suffering from Alzheimer's
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๋‚จ์„ฑ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ผ๋ฉด
01:28
there are two women.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
01:29
So why is that overall?
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?
01:32
Is it age?
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๋‚˜์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:34
Is it lifespan?
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์ˆ˜๋ช…?
01:35
What else could it be?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:37
A few years ago,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „,
01:39
I launched the Women's Brain Initiative
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋‡Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ง์„
01:40
at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City,
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๋‰ด์š•์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋„ฌ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
exactly to answer those questions.
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
01:45
And tonight, I'm here with some answers.
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์˜ค๋Š˜, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
So it turns out our brains age differently,
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๋‚จ๋…€์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋…ธํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋ฐ,
01:54
and menopause plays a key role here for women.
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ํ๊ฒฝ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‡Œ์— ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Now most people think of the brain as a kind of black box,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฐ•์Šค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
isolated from the rest of the body.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ์ฒด ๋ถ€์œ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
02:04
But in reality, our brains are in constant interaction
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์œ„๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
with the rest of us.
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02:08
And perhaps surprisingly,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„,
02:10
the interactions with the reproductive system
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์ƒ์‹๊ณ„์™€ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€
02:14
are crucial for brain aging in women.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋…ธํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
These interactions are mediated by our hormones.
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์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
And we know that hormones differ between the genders.
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
02:24
Men have more testosterone, women have more estrogens.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์€ ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก ์ด
์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
But what really matters here
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
02:29
is that these hormones differ in their longevity.
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๋‚จ๋…€ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Men's testosterone doesn't run out until late in life,
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๋‚จ์„ฑ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ธ ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก ์€ ๋…ธ๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:36
which is a slow and pretty much symptom-free process, of course.
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์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:41
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:45
Women's estrogens, on the other hand,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์€
02:47
start fading in midlife, during menopause,
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ํ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งž๋Š” ์ค‘๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:50
which is anything but symptom-free.
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๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
We associate menopause with the ovaries,
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ํ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‚œ์†Œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ง“๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:57
but when women say that they're having hot flashes,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์—ด๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹์€๋•€,
02:59
night sweats, insomnia, memory lapses, depression, anxiety,
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๋ถˆ๋ฉด์ฆ, ๊ฑด๋ง์ฆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•  ๋•Œ
03:03
those symptoms don't start in the ovaries.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚œ์†Œ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
03:06
They start in the brain.
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๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
Those are neurological symptoms.
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์ด๊ฑด ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์ฆ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
We're just not used to thinking about them as such.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ต์ˆ™์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
So why is that?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”?
03:15
Why are our brains impacted by menopause?
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๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ํ๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:19
Well, first of all,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ
03:20
our brains and ovaries are part of the neuroendocrine system.
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๋‡Œ์™€ ๋‚œ์†Œ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„๊ณ„์— ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
As part of the system, the brain talks to the ovaries
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์ด ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋‚œ์†Œ์— ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
03:27
and the ovaries talk back to the brain,
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๋‚œ์†Œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‡Œ์— ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃ .
03:29
every day of our lives as women.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋„ ๋น ์ง์—†์ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
So the health of the ovaries is linked to the health of the brain.
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์ฆ‰, ๋‚œ์†Œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ๋‡Œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—์„œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
And the other way around.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์š”.
03:38
At the same time,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€,
03:39
hormones like estrogen are not only involved in reproduction,
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์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์€ ์ƒ์‹์—๋งŒ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:43
but also in brain function.
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๋‡Œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์—๋„ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
And estrogen in particular, or estradiol,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ, ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋””์˜ฌ์€
03:48
is really key for energy production in the brain.
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๋‡Œ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
At the cellular level,
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์„ธํฌ ๋‹จ์œ„์—์„œ
03:54
estrogen literally pushes neurons to burn glucose to make energy.
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์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์€ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•ด ํฌ๋„๋‹น์„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
If your estrogen is high,
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์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์œผ๋ฉด
03:59
your brain energy is high.
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๋‡Œ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ ,
04:01
When your estrogen declines though,
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์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋ฉด
04:04
your neurons start slowing down and age faster.
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๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
And studies have shown that this process
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ
04:10
can even lead to the formation of amyloid plaques,
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์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋ฐ˜์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:13
or Alzheimer's plaques,
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ฐ˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
04:15
which are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
These effects are stronger in specific brain regions,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ 
04:21
starting with the hypothalamus,
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์‹œ์ƒํ•˜๋ถ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
04:23
which is in charge of regulating body temperature.
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์‹œ์ƒํ•˜๋ถ€๋Š” ์ฒด์˜จ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
When estrogen doesn't activate the hypothalamus correctly,
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์‹œ์ƒํ•˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ
04:29
the brain cannot regulate body temperature correctly.
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ฒด์˜จ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
So those hot flashes that women get,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์—ด๊ฐ์„ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:35
that's the hypothalamus.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ์ƒํ•˜๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
Then there's the brain stem, in charge of sleep and wake.
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ๊ด€์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
When estrogen doesn't activate the brain stem correctly,
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๋‡Œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
04:43
we have trouble sleeping.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Or it's the amygdala,
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ํŽธ๋„์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ„๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:46
the emotional center of the brain, close to the hippocampus,
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๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋งˆ์™€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
the memory center of the brain.
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04:52
When estrogen levels ebb in these regions,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด
04:55
we start getting mood swings perhaps
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๊ฐ์ •๊ธฐ๋ณต์˜ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:57
and forget things.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
So this is the brain anatomy of menopause, if you will.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
But let me show you
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์‹ค์ œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
05:04
what an actual woman's brain can look like.
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05:07
So this is a kind of brain scan
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๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์Šค์บ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ
05:09
called positron emission tomography or PET.
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์–‘์ „์ž ๋‹จ์ธต์ดฌ์˜, ๋˜๋Š” PET๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
It looks at brain energy levels.
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๋‡Œ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
And this is what you want your brain to look like
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
when you're in your 40s.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด 40๋Œ€์— ๋“ค์–ด์„ฐ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
Really nice and bright.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ฐ๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
Now this brain belongs to a woman who was 43 years old
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์ด๊ฑด 43์„ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‡Œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ,
05:24
when she was first scanned, before menopause.
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ํ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์— ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
And this is the same brain just eight years later,
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๋‹จ์ง€ 8๋…„ ํ›„, ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‡Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
after menopause.
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ํ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ์ฃ .
05:34
If we put them side by side,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ๋†“๊ณ  ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
05:36
I think you can easily see how the bright yellow
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฐ์€ ๋…ธ๋ž€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
05:39
turned orange, almost purple.
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์ฃผํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋ณด๋ผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
That's a 30 percent drop in brain energy levels.
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๋‡Œ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด 30%๋Š” ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
Now in general,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ,
05:49
this just doesn't seem to happen to a man of the same age.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜์ด๋Œ€์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ฒช์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
In our studies with hundreds of people,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ช…์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
05:57
we show that middle-aged men usually have high brain energy levels.
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์ค‘๋…„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
For women, brain energy is usually fine before menopause,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋„ ํ๊ฒฝ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•˜๋‚˜,
06:06
but then it gradually declines during the transition.
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ํ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
And this was found independent of age.
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์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
It didn't matter if the women were 40, 50 or 60.
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๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ 40, 50, 60์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์ฃ .
06:16
What mattered most was that they were in menopause.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
So of course we need more research to confirm this,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„์ง์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
but it looks like women's brains in midlife
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘๋…„์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š”
06:26
are more sensitive to hormonal aging
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
than just straight up chronological aging.
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06:32
And this is important information to have,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ธ๋ฐ,
06:34
because so many women can feel these changes.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
So many of our patients have said to me
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๋งŽ์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ
06:39
that they feel like their minds are playing tricks on them,
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๋งˆ์Œ์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ๋กฑ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:42
to put it mildly.
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์ข€ ์ˆœํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด์š”.
06:44
So I really want to validate this, because it's real.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
And so just to clarify, if this is you,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
06:50
you are not crazy.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:54
(Applause)
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06:56
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์š”.
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:58
It's important.
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๊ผญ ์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
So many women have worried that they might be losing their minds.
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๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ •์‹ ์ด ์ด์ƒํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:03
But the truth is that your brain might be going through a transition,
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์‹ค์€ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
07:06
or is going through a transition
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
and needs time and support to adjust.
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์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:11
Also, if anyone is concerned
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
07:12
that middle-aged women might be underperformers,
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์ค‘๋…„์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:16
I'll just quickly add that we looked at cognitive performance,
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์ธ์ง€์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
God forbid, right?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€๋งŒ์š”!
07:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:21
Let's not do that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ๋ง์ž๊ณ ์š”.
07:23
But we looked at cognitive performance,
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์ธ์ง€์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ดค์ง€๋งŒ,
07:25
and we found absolutely no differences between men and women
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๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
before and after menopause.
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ํ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ด์ „๊ณผ ์ดํ›„ ๋ชจ๋‘์š”.
07:31
And other studies confirm this.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
So basically, we may be tired,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•  ์ˆœ ์žˆ์–ด๋„
07:36
but we are just as sharp.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚ ์นด๋กญ๋‹จ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:41
Get that out of the way.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ฐจ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:43
That all said,
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:44
there is something else more serious that deserves our attention.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
If you remember,
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
07:49
I mentioned that estrogen declines could potentially promote
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์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด
์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋ฐ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ์ด‰์ง„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
the formation of amyloid plaques, or Alzheimer's plaques.
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07:54
But there's another kind of brain scan that looks exactly at those plaques.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‡Œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
And we used it to show that middle-aged men hardly have any,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ค‘๋…„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์€ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋ฐ˜์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
which is great.
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์ข‹์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:03
But for women,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
08:05
there's quite a bit of an increase during the transition to menopause.
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ํ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
And I want to be really, really clear here
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
08:12
that not all women develop the plaques,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋ฐ˜์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
08:14
and not all women with the plaques develop dementia.
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์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋ฐ˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋งค์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
Having the plaques is a risk factor,
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์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋ฐ˜์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ์ผ ๋ฟ,
08:20
it is not in any way a diagnosis, especially at this stage.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
But still, it's quite an insight
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ํ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์™€ ์น˜๋งค์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
to associate Alzheimer's with menopause.
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08:29
We think of menopause as belonging to middle age
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ํ”ํžˆ ํ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ค‘๋…„์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ,
08:32
and Alzheimer's as belonging to old age.
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์€ ๋…ธ๋…„์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
08:34
But in reality,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š”
08:35
many studies, including my own work,
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐํ˜”๋“ฏ์ด
08:37
had shown that Alzheimer's disease starts with negative changes in the brain
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์€ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
08:42
years, if not decades, prior to clinical symptoms.
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์ž„์ƒ์ฆ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
So for women,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
08:48
it looks like this process starts in midlife,
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์ค‘๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
during menopause.
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ํ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
08:52
Which is important information to have,
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ธ๋ฐ,
08:54
because it gives us a time line to start looking for those changes.
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๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์‹œ์ ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
So in terms of a time line,
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์—ฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ
09:00
most women go through menopause in their early 50s.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ 50๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ํ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
But it can be earlier,
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๋” ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:05
often because of medical interventions.
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์˜ํ•™์  ์กฐ์น˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
And the common example is a hysterectomy and/or an oophorectomy,
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ํ”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์ž๊ถ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚œ์†Œ์ ์ถœ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
which is the surgical removal of the uterus
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋กœ ์ž๊ถ์ด๋‚˜
09:15
and/or the ovaries.
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๋‚œ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:17
And unfortunately, there is evidence
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„,
์ž๊ถ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚œ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:19
that having the uterus and, more so, the ovaries removed
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09:23
prior to menopause
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์น˜๋งค ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฅ ์„ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
correlates with the higher risk of dementia in women.
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09:29
And I know that this is upsetting news,
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์ฐธ ์–ต์šธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
09:31
and it's definitely depressing news,
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์šฐ์šธํ•œ ์†Œ์‹์ด์ฃ .
09:33
but we need to talk about it
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
because most women are not aware of this correlation,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ด ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
09:38
and it seems like very important information to have.
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
Also, no one is suggesting that women decline these procedures
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
09:45
if they need them.
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09:46
The point here is that we really need to better understand
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
what happens to our brains as we go through menopause,
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ํ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž์—ฐ์ , ์˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‡Œ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
09:54
natural or medical,
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09:55
and how to protect our brains in the process.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
09:59
So how do we do that?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:00
How do we protect our brains?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:02
Should we take hormones?
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ œ๋ผ๋„ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
10:03
That's a fair question, it's a good question.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ , ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
And the shortest possible answer right now
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
is that hormonal therapy can be helpful
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„
10:11
to alleviate a number of symptoms, like hot flashes,
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์—ด๊ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:15
but it's not currently recommended for dementia prevention.
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์น˜๋งค ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
And many of us are working on testing different formulations
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €ํฌ๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด๋‚˜
10:22
and different dosages and different time lines,
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๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, ์‹œ์ ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ
10:24
and hopefully, all this work will lead to a change in recommendations
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
in the future.
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10:30
Meanwhile, there are other things that we can do today
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๋‹น์žฅ ์‹œ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
10:34
to support our hormones and their effects on the brain
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ๊ณผ ๋‡Œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:36
that do not require medications
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์•ฝ๋ฌผ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ•„์š”์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
but do require taking a good look at our lifestyle.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒํ™œ์Šต๊ด€์— ๋Œ€๋Œ€์  ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:42
That's because the foods we eat,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน๋Š”์ง€,
10:45
how much exercise we get,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์šด๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€,
10:46
how much sleep we get or don't get,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์ž๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชป ์ž๋Š”์ง€,
10:49
how much stress we have in our lives,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
10:51
those are all things that can actually impact our hormones --
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
for better and for worse.
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์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด๋“ , ๋‚˜์œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด๋“ ์š”.
10:56
Food, for example.
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์Œ์‹์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฉด
10:58
There are many diets out there,
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์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
11:00
but studies have shown that the Mediterranean diet in particular
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด์‹ ์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜
11:04
is supportive of women's health.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
Women on this diet have a much lower risk
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์ด ์‹๋‹จ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€
์ธ์ง€ ์ €ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์šฐ์šธ,
11:11
of cognitive decline, of depression,
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11:13
of heart disease, of stroke and of cancer,
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์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ณ‘, ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘, ์•”์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ ,
11:16
and they also have fewer hot flashes.
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์—ด๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
What's interesting about this diet
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์ด ์‹๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋ˆˆ์—ฌ๊ฒจ๋ณผ ์ ์€
11:21
is that it's quite rich in foods that contain estrogens
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์Œ์‹์— ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฝค ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
in the form of phytoestrogens or estrogens from plants
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์ด๊ณ 
11:29
that act like mild estrogens in our bodies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์—์„œ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:32
Some phytoestrogens have been linked to a possible risk of cancer,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์€ ์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
11:36
but not the ones in this diet, which are safe.
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์ด ์‹๋‹จ์— ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:39
Especially from flax seeds,
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์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ์”จ,
11:42
sesame seeds, dried apricots,
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์ฐธ๊นจ, ๋ง๋ฆฐ ์‚ด๊ตฌ,
11:45
legumes and a number of fruits.
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์ฝฉ๋ฅ˜, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ผ์— ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
And for some good news,
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
11:49
dark chocolate contains phytoestrogens, too.
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์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์€ ๋‹คํฌ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์—๋„ ํ•จ์œ ๋ผ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:53
So diet is one way to gain estrogens,
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์Œ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
but it's just as important to avoid things that suppress our estrogens instead,
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์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:00
especially stress.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
Stress can literally steal your estrogens,
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์„ ๋นผ์•—์•„ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
and that's because cortisol, which is the main stress hormone,
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์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์กธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด
12:08
works in balance with our estrogens.
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์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ๊ณผ ์ง์„ ๋งž์ถฐ์„œ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
So if cortisol goes up, your estrogens go down.
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์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์กธ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ 
12:14
If cortisol goes down, your estrogens go back up.
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์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์กธ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
So reducing stress is really important.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
It doesn't just help your day,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
12:21
it also helps your brain.
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๋‡Œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋„ ๋„์šธ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:24
So these are just a few things
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๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์€
12:25
that we can do to support our brains
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์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง๊ณ ๋„ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
and there are more.
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12:29
But the important thing here
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
12:30
is that changing the way we understand the female brain
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด
12:34
really changes the way that we care for it,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ ,
12:37
and the way that we frame women's health.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
And the more women demand this information,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก
12:42
the sooner we'll be able to break the taboos around menopause,
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ํ๊ฒฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–‘์ง€๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด์–ด
12:46
and also come up with solutions that actually work,
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์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
not just for Alzheimer's disease,
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:50
but for women's brain health as a whole.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‡Œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์ฒด์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„์š”.
12:53
Brain health is women's health.
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๋‡Œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ๊ณง ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:59
Thank you.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
Oh, thank you.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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