A new way to heal hearts without surgery | Franz Freudenthal

109,902 views ใƒป 2016-09-30

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Boaz Hovav ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
The most complex problems in our time
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•
00:16
can be solved with simple techniques,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืคืชืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช,
00:19
if we are able to dream.
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื.
00:22
As a child, I discovered that creativity is the key
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื™ืœื“, ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืคืชื—
00:27
to cross from dreams to reality.
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ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
00:33
I learned this from my grandmother,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื–ืืช ืžืกื‘ืชื™,
00:35
Dr. Ruth Tichauer,
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ื“ืจ' ืจื•ืช ื˜ื™ื›ืื•ื•ืจ,
00:38
a Jewish refugee that settled in the heart of the Andes.
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ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืจื™ ื”ืื ื“ื™ื.
00:43
That is how I grew up:
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื’ื“ืœืชื™,
00:46
encouraged to see beyond any limitation.
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ื—ื•ื ื›ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžื’ื‘ืœื”.
00:50
So part of my education included helping her
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื™ ื›ืœืœ ืขื–ืจื” ืœืกื‘ืชื™
00:54
in remote, indigenous communities.
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืžืจื•ื—ืงื•ืช.
00:57
I cherish those memories,
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”,
01:00
because they helped me to understand life outside the city,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืขื–ืจื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ,
01:07
a life with a lot of possibilities,
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ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช,
01:10
without barriers, as language or culture.
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ืœืœื ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื” ืื• ืชืจื‘ื•ืช.
01:13
During those trips, my grandmother used to recite a Kipling poem:
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื•ืชื ืžืกืขื•ืช, ืกื‘ืชื™ ื ื”ื’ื” ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืคืœื™ื ื’:
01:18
"Something hidden. Go and find it.
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"ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื‘ื•ื™. ืฆื ื•ื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื•.
01:22
Go and look behind the Mountains.
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"ืฆื ื•ื—ืคืฉ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื.
01:24
Something lost behind the mountains.
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"ืžืฉื”ื• ืื‘ื•ื“ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื.
01:28
Lost and waiting for you. Go!"
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"ืื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืžื—ื›ื” ืœืš. ืฆื!"
01:33
In the coming years, I became a medical student.
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช, ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืจืคื•ืื”.
01:38
One of every hundred children born worldwide
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ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืžืื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
01:43
has some kind of heart disease.
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ื ื•ืœื“ ืขื ืžื—ืœืช ืœื‘ ื›ืœืฉื”ื™.
01:47
There's a part of this problem I think I can solve --
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ืจ --
01:52
the part of this problem I have spent my life working on.
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื”ืงื“ืฉืชื™ ืœื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™.
01:59
The problem starts
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”
02:02
during pregnancy.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
02:04
The fetus needs to survive inside the mother.
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ืจื—ื ืืžื•.
02:08
Survival depends on communication
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ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื• ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
02:13
between the systemic and the pulmonary blood.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื“ื ื”ื”ื™ืงืคื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ืืชื™ืช.
02:16
At the moment of birth,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืœื™ื“ื”,
02:19
this communication needs to stop.
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ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื—ืกื.
02:22
If it doesn't close, the baby has a hole in the heart.
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ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื™ื—ืกื, ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘.
02:27
It is caused by prematurity and genetic conditions.
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื ื’ืจื ืžืคื’ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื.
02:32
But what we know today
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
02:35
is that a lack of oxygen is also one of the causes.
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ืฉื’ื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ืขื™ื”.
02:41
As you can see in the chart,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื”,
02:43
the frequency of this kind of hole
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ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘
02:48
dramatically increases with altitude.
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ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื.
02:52
Video: (Baby crying)
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ื•ื™ื“ืื•: (ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ื•ื›ื”)
02:56
When you look at patients with this condition,
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ื›ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
02:59
they seem desperate to breathe.
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืืฉื™ื ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
03:02
To close the hole, major surgery used to be the only solution.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจ, ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ ืœื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
03:08
One night, my friend Malte, were camping in the Amazon region.
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ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“, ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืœื˜ื” ื•ืื ื™, ื”ืงืžื ื• ืžื—ื ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืก.
03:14
The only thing that would not burn in the fire was a green avocado branch.
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ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื ืฉืจืฃ ื‘ืืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืขื ืคื™ ืื‘ื•ืงื“ื• ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื.
03:21
Then came a moment of inspiration.
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ื•ืื– ื ื—ืชื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”.
03:24
So we used the branch as a mold for our first invention.
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ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืขื ืคื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืงื“ื• ื›ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืžืฆืืชื ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
03:29
The holes in children's hearts can be closed with it.
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ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื—ืกื•ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช.
03:32
A coil is a piece of wire wrapped onto itself.
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ืกืœื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืกืช ืžืชื›ืช ื”ืžืœื•ืคืคืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื”.
03:37
It maybe doesn't look so fancy to you now,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืจืื” ืžืจืฉื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข,
03:40
but that was our first successful attempt
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
03:44
to create a device for this major problem.
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื•ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉื™ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
03:49
In this video, we can see how a very tiny catheter
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ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฆื ืชืจ ื–ืขื™ืจ
03:52
takes the coil to the heart.
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ืžื—ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกืœื™ืœ ืืœ ื”ืœื‘.
03:55
The coil then closes the hole.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืกืœื™ืœ ื—ื•ืกื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจ.
03:57
After that moment of inspiration,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจืื”,
04:00
there came a very long time of effort
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ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืืžืฅ ืขืฆื•ื
04:06
developing a prototype.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคืชื— ืื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก.
04:08
In vitro and in vivo studies took thousands of hours of work in the lab.
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ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืงื—ื• ืœื ื• ืืœืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
04:15
The coil, if it works, can save lives.
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ื”ืกืœื™ืœ, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“, ื™ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื.
04:20
I returned from Germany to Bolivia,
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ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืœื‘ื•ืœื™ื‘ื™ื”,
04:22
thinking that wherever we go,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ื ืœืš,
04:25
we have the opportunity to make a difference.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
04:29
With my wife and partner, Dr. Alexandra Heath,
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืืฉืชื™ ื•ืฉื•ืชืคืชื™, ื“ืจ' ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื” ื”ื™ืช',
04:33
we started to see patients.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
04:35
After successfully treating patients with our coil,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืคืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื”ืกืœื™ืœ,
04:39
we felt really enthusiastic.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื.
04:42
But we live in a place
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื
04:46
that is 12,000 feet high.
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ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 3.5 ืง"ืž.
04:51
And,
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ื•...
04:54
the patients there need a special device to solve their heart condition.
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ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื™ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื”ื.
04:59
The hole in altitude patients is different,
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ื”ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืœื‘ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ,
05:02
because the orifice between the arteries is larger.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืคืชื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืœื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:06
Most patients cannot afford to be treated on time,
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ,
05:11
and they die.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืชื™ื.
05:13
The first coil could successfully treat
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ื”ืกืœื™ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื˜ื™ืคืœ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”
05:17
only half of the patients in Bolivia.
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ืจืง ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืœื™ื‘ื™ื”.
05:23
The search started again.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ืฉื•ื‘.
05:26
We went back to the drawing board.
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ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
05:31
After many trials,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื,
05:33
and with the help of my grandmother's indigenous friends in the mountains,
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ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื,
05:38
we obtained a new device.
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ.
05:40
For centuries, indigenous women told stories by weaving complex patterns
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื ื™ืœื™ื“ื•ืช ืกื™ืคืจื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืข"ื™ ืืจื™ื’ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ื•ืช
05:46
on looms,
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ื‘ื ื•ืœื™ ืืจื™ื’ื”,
05:48
and an unexpected skill helped us for the new device.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื–ื• ืกื™ื™ืขื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉ.
05:53
We take this traditional method of weaving
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืืจื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช
05:56
and make a design made by a smart material
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฆื‘ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื
06:00
that records shape.
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ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช.
06:03
It seems this time,
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืคืขื,
06:05
the weaving allows us to create a seamless device
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ื”ืืจื™ื’ื” ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœืœื ืชืคืจื™ื
06:10
that doesn't rust
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ืฉืœื ืžื—ืœื™ื“
06:13
because it's made of only one piece.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช.
06:17
It can change by itself into very complex structures
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœื‘ื“ ืืช ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื’ื ืœืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช
06:21
by a procedure that took decades to develop.
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
06:26
As you can see, the device enters the body
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžื•ื—ื“ืจ ืœื’ื•ืฃ
06:29
through the natural channels.
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ื“ืจืš ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื.
06:32
Doctors have only to close the catheter through the hole.
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ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืจืง ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื ืชืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืจ.
06:36
Our device expands, places itself
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ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชืจื—ื‘, ืžืžืงื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•
06:38
and closes the hole.
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ื•ืกื•ื’ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจ.
06:42
We have this beautiful delivery system
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”
06:45
that is so simple to use
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ื•ืงืœื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
06:47
because it works by itself.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื”.
06:50
No open surgery was necessary.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœื‘ ืคืชื•ื—.
06:55
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:04
As doctors, we fight with diseases
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ื›ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ืื ื• ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช
07:06
that take a long time and effort to heal -- if they do.
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ืฉืœื•ืงื— ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืจืคื โ€“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืจืคื ืื•ืชืŸ.
07:11
This is the child from before,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื,
07:14
after the procedure.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
07:15
As you can see --
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช โ€“
07:17
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:22
As you can see, once the device is in place,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžืžื•ืงื,
07:25
the patient is 100 percent healed.
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ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืžื‘ืจื™ื ื‘-100 ืื—ื•ื–.
07:28
From start to finish,
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ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ,
07:30
the whole procedure takes only 30 minutes.
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ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื›ื•ืœื• ืื•ืจืš ืจืง 30 ื“ืงื•ืช.
07:35
That's very rewarding from the medical and human point of view.
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ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืžืกืคืง ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื•ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
07:40
We are so proud that some of our former patients
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื˜ื™ืคืœื ื•
07:47
are part of our team --
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ื”ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• โ€“
07:50
a team, thanks to added close interaction
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ื•ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืงืฉืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘
07:54
with patients that work with us.
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ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
07:57
Together, we have only one idea:
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ื™ื—ื“, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“:
08:01
the best solutions need to be simple.
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ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜.
08:05
We lost the fear of creating something new.
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ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ.
08:09
The path, it's not easy.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงืœื”.
08:12
Many obstacles arise all the time.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืฆืฆื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
08:15
But we receive strength from our patients.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื›ื•ื— ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
08:19
Their resilience and courage
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ืฉืœื”ื
08:24
inspire our creativity.
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ื ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืจืื”.
08:27
Our goal is to make sure
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื
08:30
that no child is left behind,
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ,
08:34
not because of cost or access.
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ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
08:39
So we have to start a foundation
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ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืงืจืŸ
08:42
with a one-to-one model.
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ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืื—ื“.
08:45
We will give one device for free
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื
08:49
to make sure that every child is treated.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
08:53
We are in many countries now,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื,
08:56
but we need to be everywhere.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
09:00
This whole thing began
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ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ
09:03
with one impossible idea
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ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™
09:06
as will continue it, really:
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ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื•:
09:10
No child is left behind.
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ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
09:15
Muchas gracias.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
09:17
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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