Why I keep speaking up, even when people mock my accent | Safwat Saleem

224,150 views ใƒป 2016-08-15

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yulia Koutikov ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I used to have this recurring dream
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ืคืขื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื—ืœื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ
00:14
where I'd walk into a roomful of people,
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ื•ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ื ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื“ืจ ืžืœื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื,
00:18
and I'd try not to make eye contact with anyone.
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ื•ืžื ืกื” ืœื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื™ืŸ ืขื ืืฃ ืื—ื“.
00:22
Until someone notices me,
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ืขื“ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™
00:23
and I just panic.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืคืื ื™ืงื”.
00:26
And the person walks up to me,
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ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื™
00:28
and says, "Hi, my name is So-and-so.
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ื•ืื•ืžืจ: "ื”ื™ื™, ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื™ ื›ื›ื” ื•ื›ื›ื”.
00:30
And what is your name?"
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ื•ืื™ืš ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืš?"
00:32
And I'm just quiet, unable to respond.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื•ืชืง, ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘.
00:37
After some awkward silence, he goes,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ืงื” ืžื‘ื™ื›ื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš:
00:39
"Have you forgotten your name?"
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"ืฉื›ื—ืช ืื™ืš ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืš?"
00:41
And I'm still quiet.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฉืชื•ืง.
00:44
And then, slowly, all the other people in the room begin to turn toward me
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ื•ืื–, ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜, ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื™
00:48
and ask, almost in unison,
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ื•ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืื—ื“:
00:51
(Voice-over, several voices) "Have you forgotten your name?"
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(ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจืงืข) "ืฉื›ื—ืช ืื™ืš ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืš?"
00:56
As the chant gets louder, I want to respond, but I don't.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืชืง.
01:02
I'm a visual artist.
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ืื ื™ ืืžืŸ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™.
01:04
Some of my work is humorous,
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[ืกืคืง ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืฉืชืง] ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื”ื•ืžื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™,
01:07
and some is a bit funny but in a sad way.
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ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ ืงืฆืช ืžืฆื—ื™ืง, ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื’ื ืขืฆื•ื‘.
01:12
And one thing that I really enjoy doing
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[ื‘ืขื ื™ื“ืช ืกื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ื’ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืคืงืคืง ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชืš ืœืžื•ืœื“ืช] ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื ื”ื ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช
01:16
is making these little animations
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ื–ื” ืกืจื˜ื™ ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืงืฆืจื™ื
01:19
where I get to do the voice-over for all kinds of characters.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ื”ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช.
01:22
I've been a bear.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื“ื•ื‘.
01:24
(Video) Bear (Safwat Saleem's voice): Hi.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ื“ื•ื‘ (ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืกืคื•ืืช ืกืœื™ื): - ื”ื™ื™.
01:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:28
Safwat Saleem: I've been a whale.
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ืกืคื•ืืช ืกืœื™ื: ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ.
01:29
(Video) Whale (SS's voice): Hi.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ (ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืก.ืก): - ื”ื™ื™.
01:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:32
SS: I've been a greeting card.
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ืก.ืก: ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืจื›ื”.
01:34
(Video) Greeting card (SS's voice): Hi.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืก.ืก): - ื”ื™ื™.
01:36
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:37
SS: And my personal favorite is Frankenstein's monster.
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ืก.ืก: ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื”ืžืคืœืฆืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื ืงื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ.
01:40
(Video) Frankenstein's monster (SS's voice): (Grunts)
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ื”ืžืคืœืฆืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื ืงื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ (ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืก.ืก) : (ื ื”ืžื”)
01:43
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:44
SS: I just had to grunt a lot for that one.
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ืก.ืก: ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
01:46
A few years ago, I made this educational video
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™
01:49
about the history of video games.
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ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื•.
01:52
And for that one, I got to do the voice of Space Invader.
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ื•ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœืฉ ืžื”ื—ืœืœ.
01:55
(Video) Space Invader (SS's voice): Hi.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ืคื•ืœืฉ ืžื”ื—ืœืœ (ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืก.ืก): - ื”ื™ื™.
01:57
SS: A dream come true, really,
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ืก.ืก: ื—ืœื•ื ืฉื”ืชื’ืฉื, ื‘ืืžืช.
01:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:00
And when that video was posted online,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
02:02
I just sat there on the computer, hitting "refresh,"
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืœื—ืฆืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ "ืจืขื ืŸ",
02:05
excited to see the response.
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ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
02:07
The first comment comes in.
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ื ื›ื ืกืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
02:08
(Video) Comment: Great job.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”: ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช.
02:09
SS: Yes!
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ืก.ืก: ื™ืฉ!
02:11
I hit "refresh."
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ืœื•ื—ืฅ ืขืœ "ืจืขื ืŸ".
02:12
(Video) Comment: Excellent video. I look forward to the next one.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”: ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื”. ืžื—ื›ื” ื‘ืงื•ืฆืจ ืจื•ื— ืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื.
02:16
SS: This was just the first of a two-part video.
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ืก.ืก: ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื.
02:18
I was going to work on the second one next.
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ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš.
02:20
I hit "refresh."
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ืœื•ื—ืฅ ืขืœ "ืจืขื ืŸ".
02:21
(Video) Comment: Where is part TWO? WHEREEEEE? I need it NOWWWWW!: P
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”: ืื™ืคื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™? ืื™ืคื”ื”ื”ื”? ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•ื•ื•ื•ื•ื•! :P
02:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:27
SS: People other than my mom were saying nice things about me,
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ืก.ืก: ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืื™ืžื ืฉืœื™, ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืžื—ืžืื•ืช,
02:30
on the Internet!
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ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜!
02:31
It felt like I had finally arrived.
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ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื”.
02:33
I hit "refresh."
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ืœื•ื—ืฅ ืขืœ "ืจืขื ืŸ".
02:35
(Video) Comment: His voice is annoying. No offense.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื• ืžืขืฆื‘ืŸ. ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืขืœื™ื‘.
02:37
SS: OK, no offense taken. Refresh.
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ืก.ืก: ืื•ืงื™, ืœื ื ืขืœื‘ืชื™. "ืจืขื ืŸ".
02:40
(Video) Comment: Could you remake this without peanut butter in your mouth?
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”: ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืœื ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืคื” ืฉืœืš ืžืœื ื‘ื—ืžืืช ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื?
02:44
SS: OK, at least the feedback is somewhat constructive. Hit "refresh."
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ืก.ืก: ืื•ืงื™, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช. "ืจืขื ืŸ".
02:48
(Video) Comment: Please don't use this narrator again
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”: ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืืœ ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘,
02:51
u can barely understand him.
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ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•.
02:52
SS: Refresh.
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ืก.ืก: "ืจืขื ืŸ".
02:53
(Video) Comment: Couldn't follow because of the Indian accent.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”: ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™.
02:56
SS: OK, OK, OK, two things.
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ืก.ืก: ืื•ืงื™, ืื•ืงื™, ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:58
Number one, I don't have an Indian accent,
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ืื—ื“, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื ื”ื•ื“ื™,
03:00
I have a Pakistani accent, OK?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืคืงื™ืกื˜ื ื™, ืื•ืงื™?
03:02
And number two, I clearly have a Pakistani accent.
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ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืคืงื™ืกื˜ื ื™.
03:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:08
But comments like that kept coming in,
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข,
03:10
so I figured I should just ignore them
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืŸ
03:13
and start working on the second part of the video.
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ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.
03:16
I recorded my audio,
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ื”ืงืœื˜ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื•ื“ื™ื•,
03:17
but every time I sat down to edit,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืจื•ืš,
03:20
I just could not do it.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš.
03:23
Every single time, it would take me back to my childhood,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื–ื” ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช,
03:26
when I had a much harder time speaking.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
03:29
I've stuttered for as long as I can remember.
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ื’ืžื’ืžืชื™ ืžืื– ืฉืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™.
03:34
I was the kid in class
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”
03:35
who would never raise his hand when he had a question --
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ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืฉืืœื” -
03:38
or knew the answer.
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ืื• ื›ืฉื™ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
03:39
Every time the phone rang,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฆืœืฆืœ,
03:40
I would run to the bathroom so I would not have to answer it.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจืฅ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขื ื•ืช.
03:44
If it was for me, my parents would say I'm not around.
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ืื ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ืืœื™ื™, ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื ืžืฆื.
03:48
I spent a lot of time in the bathroom.
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ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
03:51
And I hated introducing myself,
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ื•ื’ื ืฉื ืืชื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™,
03:54
especially in groups.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช.
03:55
I'd always stutter on my name, and there was usually someone who'd go,
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื’ืžื’ืžืชื™ ื›ืฉื”ืชื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™, ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ:
03:59
"Have you forgotten your name?"
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"ืฉื›ื—ืช ืื™ืš ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืš?"
04:00
And then everybody would laugh.
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ื•ืื– ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื.
04:02
That joke never got old.
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ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื ืช.
04:06
(Laughter)
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[ืžื˜ื•ืžื˜ืžื™ื] (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:09
I spent my childhood feeling that if I spoke,
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ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืื ืื“ื‘ืจ,
04:13
it would become obvious that there was something wrong with me,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื’ืœื• ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืื™ืชื™,
04:18
that I was not normal.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ืœื“ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™.
04:21
So I mostly stayed quiet.
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ืœื›ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชืงืชื™.
04:24
And so you see, eventually for me to even be able to use my voice in my work
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ืื– ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
04:27
was a huge step for me.
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ื”ื™ื” ืฆืขื“ ืขื ืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
04:29
Every time I record audio,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงืœื™ื˜ ืื•ื“ื™ื•,
04:31
I fumble my way through saying each sentence many, many times,
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ืื ื™ ื ืืœืฅ ืœื‘ื˜ื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื,
04:35
and then I go back in
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืงืœื˜ื”
04:36
and pick the ones where I think I suck the least.
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ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืื ื™ ื ืฉืžืข ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืข.
04:42
(Voice-over) SS: Audio editing is like Photoshop for your voice.
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(ืงื•ืœ ื‘ืจืงืข) ืก.ืก: ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืคื•ื˜ื•ืฉื•ืค ืœืงื•ืœ ืฉืœืš.
04:46
I can slow it down, speed it up, make it deeper, add an echo.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืื˜ ืื•ืชื•, ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืื•ืชื•, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื“.
04:49
And if I stutter along the way, and if I stutter along the way,
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ื•ืื ืื ื™ ืžื’ืžื’ื ื‘ื“ืจืš, ื•ืื ืื ื™ ืžื’ืžื’ื ื‘ื“ืจืš,
04:53
I just go back in and fix it.
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ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืชืงืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
04:55
It's magic.
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ื–ื” ืงืกื.
04:56
SS: Using my highly edited voice in my work
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ืก.ืก: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืš ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
04:59
was a way for me to finally sound normal to myself.
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ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ื ืฉืžืข ื ื•ืจืžืœื™.
05:04
But after the comments on the video,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™,
05:06
it no longer made me feel normal.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™.
05:09
And so I stopped using my voice in my work.
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืคืกืงืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™.
05:13
Since then, I've thought a lot about what it means to be normal.
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ืžืื–, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ื ื•ืจืžืœื™".
05:19
And I've come to understand
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ื•ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืกืงื ื”
05:21
that "normal" has a lot to do with expectations.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงืฉืจ ืœืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช.
05:25
Let me give you an example.
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ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
05:26
I came across this story
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ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
05:28
about the Ancient Greek writer, Homer.
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ืขืœ ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ืงื“ื•ื - ื”ื•ืžืจื•ืก.
05:30
Now, Homer mentions very few colors in his writing.
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ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ืžืจื•ืก ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื.
05:34
And even when he does,
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ื•ื’ื ื›ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช,
05:36
he seems to get them quite a bit wrong.
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ื ื•ืฆืจ ืจื•ืฉื ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืฆืช ืžืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ.
05:38
For example, the sea is described as wine red,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื™ื ืžืชื•ืืจ ืืฆืœื• ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืื“ื•ื ื›ื™ื™ืŸ,
05:42
people's faces are sometimes green and sheep are purple.
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ืคื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื - ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื™ืจื•ืง ื•ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืกื’ื•ืœ.
05:46
But it's not just Homer.
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ื•ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืžืจื•ืก ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
05:48
If you look at all of the ancient literature --
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ืื ืชืขื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ -
05:50
Ancient Chinese, Icelandic, Greek, Indian
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ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืื™ืกืœื ื“, ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื“ื•
05:52
and even the original Hebrew Bible --
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืชื "ืš -
05:55
they all mention very few colors.
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ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื›ืื—ืช ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื.
05:58
And the most popular theory for why that might be the case
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ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš,
06:02
is that cultures begin to recognize a color
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ื˜ื•ืขื ืช, ืฉืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืข
06:04
only once they have the ability to make that color.
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื‘ืข.
06:07
So basically, if you can make a color,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืฆื‘ืข,
06:09
only then can you see it.
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ืจืง ืื– ืชืฆืœื™ื— ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
06:11
A color like red, which was fairly easy for many cultures to make --
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ืฆื‘ืข ื›ืžื• ืื“ื•ื, ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืง -
06:15
they began to see that color fairly early on.
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช.
06:18
But a color like blue, which was much harder to make --
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ืื‘ืœ ืฆื‘ืข ื›ืžื• ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืคื™ืง -
06:21
many cultures didn't begin to learn how to make that color
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื• ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืื•ืชื•
06:23
until much later.
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ.
06:24
They didn't begin to see it until much later as well.
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ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
06:27
So until then, even though a color might be all around them,
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ืขื“ ืื–, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื,
06:31
they simply did not have the ability to see it.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
06:33
It was invisIble.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”.
06:34
It was not a part of their normal.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœื”ื.
06:38
And that story has helped put my own experience into context.
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขื–ืจ ืœื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืงืฉืจ.
06:42
So when I first read the comments on the video,
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ,
06:44
my initial reaction was to take it all very personally.
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ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื—ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
06:48
But the people commenting did not know
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื“ืขื•
06:50
how self-conscious I am about my voice.
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ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื™.
06:54
They were mostly reacting to my accent,
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ื”ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ืฉืœื™,
06:56
that it is not normal for a narrator to have an accent.
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื–ื” ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžื”ื ื•ืจืžื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ืžื‘ื˜ื.
07:01
But what is normal, anyway?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืจืžื”, ื‘ืขืฆื?
07:03
We know that reviewers will find more spelling errors in your writing
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ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘
07:06
if they think you're black.
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ืืฆืœ ื›ื•ืชื‘, ืฉืœื“ืขืชื ื”ื•ื "ืฉื—ื•ืจ".
07:09
We know that professors are less likely to help female or minority students.
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ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืžืจืฆื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืŸ ื ืงื‘ื” ืื• ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜.
07:14
And we know that resumes with white-sounding names
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ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื ืฉื ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืœืื“ื ืœื‘ืŸ
07:17
get more callbacks than resumes with black-sounding names.
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ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•"ื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉืœ ืื“ื "ืฉื—ื•ืจ" ืœื›ืื•ืจื”
07:21
Why is that?
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ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื›ื›ื”?
07:23
Because of our expectations of what is normal.
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ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ื ื•ืจืžื”".
07:26
We think it is normal
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ืœื“ืขืชื ื• ื–ื” ื ื•ืจืžืœื™
07:27
when a black student has spelling errors.
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ืฉืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘.
07:30
We think it is normal
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ืœื“ืขืชื ื• ื–ื” ื ื•ืจืžืœื™
07:32
when a female or minority student does not succeed.
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ืฉืื™ืฉื” ืื• ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื”ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื•.
07:35
And we think it is normal
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื ื• ื–ื” ื’ื ื ื•ืจืžืœื™
07:37
that a white employee is a better hire than a black employee.
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ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ "ืœื‘ืŸ" ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ "ืฉื—ื•ืจ".
07:41
But studies also show that discrimination of this kind,
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ืืš ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื’ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉืืคืœื™ื” ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”,
07:44
in most cases, is simply favoritism,
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืคื™ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ื–ื,
07:46
and it results more from wanting to help people that you can relate to
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ื
07:50
than the desire to harm people that you can't relate to.
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ื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ื.
07:54
And not relating to people starts at a very early age.
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ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืฆืขื™ืจ.
07:58
Let me give you an example.
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ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
07:59
One library that keeps track of characters
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ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉื ื™ื”ืœื” ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช
08:03
in the children's book collection every year,
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ืžืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื™ืช ืกืคืจื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”,
08:06
found that in 2014, only about 11 percent of the books
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ืžืฆืื” ืฉื‘-2014, ืจืง ื‘-11 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื
08:12
had a character of color.
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ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืขื•ืจ ื›ื”ื”.
08:14
And just the year before, that number was about eight percent,
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ืฉื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
08:18
even though half of American children today come from a minority background.
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ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜.
08:21
Half.
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ืžื—ืฆื™ืช.
08:23
So there are two big issues here.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช.
08:25
Number one, children are told that they can be anything,
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ืื—ืช - ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืจืฆื•,
08:27
they can do anything,
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืจืฆื•,
08:28
and yet, most stories that children of color consume
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ื”ื™ ืขื•ืจ ืงื•ืจืื™ื
08:31
are about people who are not like them.
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ื”ื ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื•ื”ื.
08:33
Number two is that majority groups don't get to realize
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ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืฆื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
08:36
the great extent to which they are similar to minorities --
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื™ืขื•ื˜:
08:39
our everyday experiences, our hopes,
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ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืชืงื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
08:42
our dreams, our fears
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ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
08:44
and our mutual love for hummus.
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ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื—ื•ืžื•ืก.
08:45
It's delicious!
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ื–ื” ื˜ืขื™ื!
08:47
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:49
Just like the color blue for Ancient Greeks,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”,
08:52
minorities are not a part of what we consider normal,
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœื ื•,
08:57
because normal is simply a construction of what we've been exposed to,
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ื›ื™ ื ื•ืจืžื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื ื• ืืœื™ื”ื,
09:02
and how visible it is around us.
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘.
09:05
And this is where things get a bit difficult.
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ื›ืืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
09:08
I can accept the preexisting notion of normal -- that normal is good,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื ื•ืจืžื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขืชื™ื ื• - ืฉื ื•ืจืžื” ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘,
09:13
and anything outside of that very narrow definition of normal is bad.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืฆืจื” ื”ื–ืืช - ื–ื” ืจืข.
09:17
Or I can challenge that preexisting notion of normal
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ืื• ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื ื•
09:22
with my work
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ืขื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™,
09:24
and with my voice
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ื•ืขื ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื™,
09:26
and with my accent
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ื•ืขื ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ืฉืœื™,
09:28
and by standing here onstage,
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ื•ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื›ื,
09:30
even though I'm scared shitless and would rather be in the bathroom.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžืช ืžืคื—ื“ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
09:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:34
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:45
(Video) Sheep (SS's voice): I'm now slowly starting to use my voice
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ื›ื‘ืฉื” (ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืก.ืก): ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื™
09:48
in my work again.
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™.
09:49
And it feels good.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืจื•ืฆื”.
09:50
It does not mean I won't have a breakdown
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ืื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ื
09:52
the next time a couple dozen people say that I talk
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ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ
09:55
(Mumbling) like I have peanut butter in my mouth.
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(ืžืžืœืžืœ) ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืคื” ืฉืœื™ ืžืœื ื‘ื—ืžืืช ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื.
09:57
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:58
SS: It just means I now have a much better understanding
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ืก.ืก: ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘
10:01
of what's at stake,
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ืžื” ืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ื›ืฃ ื”ืžืื–ื ื™ื™ื,
10:03
and how giving up is not an option.
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ื•ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ื–ืืช ืœื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
10:08
The Ancient Greeks didn't just wake up one day and realize
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ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืœื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื•
10:11
that the sky was blue.
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ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
10:13
It took centuries, even, for humans to realize what we had been ignoring
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ื–ื” ืœืงื— ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืจืง ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืžื” ื”ืชืขืœืžื•
10:16
for so long.
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ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ืจื‘.
10:18
And so we must continuously challenge our notion of normal,
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ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืืชื’ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื ื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœื ื•,
10:22
because doing so is going to allow us as a society
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื—ื‘ืจื”
10:27
to finally see the sky for what it is.
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื.
10:32
(Video) Characters: Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช: ืชื•ื“ื”. ืชื•ื“ื”. ืชื•ื“ื”. ืชื•ื“ื”. ืชื•ื“ื”.
10:38
Frankenstein's monster: (Grunts)
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ื”ืžืคืœืฆืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื ืงื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: (ื ื”ืžื”)
10:39
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:40
SS: Thank you.
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ืก.ืก: ืชื•ื“ื”.
10:41
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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