Why I keep speaking up, even when people mock my accent | Safwat Saleem

223,585 views ・ 2016-08-15

TED


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譯者: Claire Lee 審譯者: Conway Ye
00:12
I used to have this recurring dream
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我以前常常反覆的做一個同樣的夢。
00:14
where I'd walk into a roomful of people,
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在夢裡,我走進一個擠滿人的房間。
00:18
and I'd try not to make eye contact with anyone.
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我試著不跟任何人有目光上的接觸。
00:22
Until someone notices me,
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這樣一直到有人注意到我,
00:23
and I just panic.
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我驚慌極了。
00:26
And the person walks up to me,
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這個人走向我說:
00:28
and says, "Hi, my name is So-and-so.
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「嗨,我叫某某,
00:30
And what is your name?"
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你呢?」
00:32
And I'm just quiet, unable to respond.
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但我只是靜靜的,無法回應。
00:37
After some awkward silence, he goes,
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經過一陣尷尬的沉默,他問:
00:39
"Have you forgotten your name?"
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「你忘了自己的名字嗎?」
00:41
And I'm still quiet.
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但我還是只是靜靜的。
00:44
And then, slowly, all the other people in the room begin to turn toward me
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然後慢慢的,
在房間裡其他所有的人,開始轉向我,
00:48
and ask, almost in unison,
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幾乎是齊聲一起問我:
00:51
(Voice-over, several voices) "Have you forgotten your name?"
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(許多聲音重疊) 「你忘記自己的名字了嗎?」
00:56
As the chant gets louder, I want to respond, but I don't.
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就當這個重覆口號越來越大聲時, 我想反應,但我沒有。
01:02
I'm a visual artist.
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我是一個視覺藝術家。
01:04
Some of my work is humorous,
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我的有些作品是詼諧的,
01:07
and some is a bit funny but in a sad way.
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有些則是有趣中帶點感傷。
01:12
And one thing that I really enjoy doing
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有一件我非常喜歡做的事情,
01:16
is making these little animations
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就是製作這些動畫短片。
01:19
where I get to do the voice-over for all kinds of characters.
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因為我可以為不同的角色配旁白。
01:22
I've been a bear.
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我當過熊。
01:24
(Video) Bear (Safwat Saleem's voice): Hi.
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(影片)熊(講員的聲音):嗨。
01:26
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:28
Safwat Saleem: I've been a whale.
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我當過鯨魚。
01:29
(Video) Whale (SS's voice): Hi.
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(影片)鯨魚 (講員的聲音):嗨。
01:31
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:32
SS: I've been a greeting card.
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我當過賀卡。
01:34
(Video) Greeting card (SS's voice): Hi.
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(影片)賀卡(講員的聲音):嗨。
01:36
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:37
SS: And my personal favorite is Frankenstein's monster.
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我自己最喜歡的是科學怪人。
01:40
(Video) Frankenstein's monster (SS's voice): (Grunts)
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(影片)科學怪人 (講員的聲音):咕噥呼嚕聲
(笑聲)
01:43
(Laughter)
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為了這個角色我真得發出 許多咕噥呼嚕聲。
01:44
SS: I just had to grunt a lot for that one.
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01:46
A few years ago, I made this educational video
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幾年前,我製作了一個教育性的影片,
01:49
about the history of video games.
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內容是有關電玩歷史。
01:52
And for that one, I got to do the voice of Space Invader.
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在那影片,我是太空侵略者的配音。
01:55
(Video) Space Invader (SS's voice): Hi.
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(影片)太空侵略者 (講員的聲音):嗨。
01:57
SS: A dream come true, really,
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真是夢想成真!
01:59
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:00
And when that video was posted online,
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當那個影片上網時,
02:02
I just sat there on the computer, hitting "refresh,"
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我就只坐在電腦前, 一直按「網頁刷新」。
02:05
excited to see the response.
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興奮的想看網友的回應。
02:07
The first comment comes in.
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第一個評論上網了。
02:08
(Video) Comment: Great job.
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(影片)評論:做得好。
02:09
SS: Yes!
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太好了!
02:11
I hit "refresh."
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我再按「網頁刷新」。
02:12
(Video) Comment: Excellent video. I look forward to the next one.
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(影片)評論:很棒的影片。 我很期待下一個作品。
這還只是兩部分影片的頭一部分。
02:16
SS: This was just the first of a two-part video.
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02:18
I was going to work on the second one next.
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我還要繼續製作第二部分。
02:20
I hit "refresh."
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我再按「網頁刷新」。
02:21
(Video) Comment: Where is part TWO? WHEREEEEE? I need it NOWWWWW!: P
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評論: 第二部在那裡? 那那那裡裡?我現在就要!:P
02:25
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:27
SS: People other than my mom were saying nice things about me,
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除了我媽以外,在網上的其他人
02:30
on the Internet!
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都讚美我!
02:31
It felt like I had finally arrived.
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這讓我覺得我終於做到了!
02:33
I hit "refresh."
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我再按「網頁刷新」。
02:35
(Video) Comment: His voice is annoying. No offense.
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(影片)評論:他的聲音有點 惹人厭。不要見怪。
02:37
SS: OK, no offense taken. Refresh.
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沒有見怪。刷新綱頁。
02:40
(Video) Comment: Could you remake this without peanut butter in your mouth?
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(影片)評論:可以重作這部影片? 這次不要有花生醬在嘴裡嗎?
02:44
SS: OK, at least the feedback is somewhat constructive. Hit "refresh."
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好吧。至少是個有建設性的回饋。
按「網頁刷新」。
02:48
(Video) Comment: Please don't use this narrator again
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(影片)評論: 拜託不要再用這個解說員。
幾乎聽不懂他說的話。
02:51
u can barely understand him.
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02:52
SS: Refresh.
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刷新綱頁。
02:53
(Video) Comment: Couldn't follow because of the Indian accent.
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(影片)評論:沒有辦法 理解他的印度口音。
02:56
SS: OK, OK, OK, two things.
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好好好,兩件事情需要釐清一下。
02:58
Number one, I don't have an Indian accent,
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第一:我沒有印度口音,
03:00
I have a Pakistani accent, OK?
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我有的是巴勒斯坦的,好嗎?
03:02
And number two, I clearly have a Pakistani accent.
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第二:我有的明明就是巴勒斯坦的。
03:05
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:08
But comments like that kept coming in,
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但這樣的評論一直出現,
03:10
so I figured I should just ignore them
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所以我想我該不於理會,
03:13
and start working on the second part of the video.
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繼續影片的第二部分。
03:16
I recorded my audio,
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我錄下我的音頻,
03:17
but every time I sat down to edit,
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但每當我坐下來剪輯時,
03:20
I just could not do it.
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我就是做不到。
03:23
Every single time, it would take me back to my childhood,
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因為這總會讓我回想到我的童年,
03:26
when I had a much harder time speaking.
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那時與人談話。更為困難。
03:29
I've stuttered for as long as I can remember.
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自我有記憶以來,我就有口吃的毛病。
03:34
I was the kid in class
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在班上我總是那個
03:35
who would never raise his hand when he had a question --
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即使有問題也不舉手問,
03:38
or knew the answer.
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或知道答案也不回答的孩子。
03:39
Every time the phone rang,
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每當電話響起,
03:40
I would run to the bathroom so I would not have to answer it.
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我就跑到浴室去。 這樣我就不用接電話。
03:44
If it was for me, my parents would say I'm not around.
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若是找我的,我父母會說我不在。
03:48
I spent a lot of time in the bathroom.
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我在浴室度過了許多時間。
03:51
And I hated introducing myself,
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我厭惡做自我介紹,
03:54
especially in groups.
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尤其是在群體裡。
03:55
I'd always stutter on my name, and there was usually someone who'd go,
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我總結結巴巴的說我的名字; 也總有那一兩個人會問:
03:59
"Have you forgotten your name?"
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「你忘記了自己的名字嗎?」
04:00
And then everybody would laugh.
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然後大家都笑成一團。
04:02
That joke never got old.
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這個笑話永遠不會過時。
04:06
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:09
I spent my childhood feeling that if I spoke,
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我度過童年自覺著,只要我一開口,
04:13
it would become obvious that there was something wrong with me,
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別人就會很明顯看出我的問題,
04:18
that I was not normal.
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我的不一樣。
04:21
So I mostly stayed quiet.
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因此大部分時我總是安安靜靜的。
04:24
And so you see, eventually for me to even be able to use my voice in my work
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因此,演變到後來,
即使當我在工作上要用我的聲音時,
04:27
was a huge step for me.
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對我而言都是很大的挑戰。
04:29
Every time I record audio,
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每次我錄音時,
04:31
I fumble my way through saying each sentence many, many times,
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我結結巴巴,笨拙地 將每個句子說很多很多次。
04:35
and then I go back in
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在我檢視時,
04:36
and pick the ones where I think I suck the least.
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我再挑選出我覺得是最可以的。
04:42
(Voice-over) SS: Audio editing is like Photoshop for your voice.
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(旁白)剪輯音頻就像是為你的聲音修圖。
04:46
I can slow it down, speed it up, make it deeper, add an echo.
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我可以將它放慢、加快, 讓它變深沉,或加上回音。
04:49
And if I stutter along the way, and if I stutter along the way,
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如果我口吃,如果我口吃
04:53
I just go back in and fix it.
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我只要回頭修飾。
04:55
It's magic.
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就像變魔法一樣。
04:56
SS: Using my highly edited voice in my work
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在工作裡,用我高度修飾過的聲音,
04:59
was a way for me to finally sound normal to myself.
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對我而言,是讓我自己 終於可以聽起來像正常人一樣。
05:04
But after the comments on the video,
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但在看了影片上的評論後,
05:06
it no longer made me feel normal.
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這個辦法不管用了。
05:09
And so I stopped using my voice in my work.
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所以我不再在工作中用我的聲音。
05:13
Since then, I've thought a lot about what it means to be normal.
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從那時候起,
我開始思考許多有關「正常的定義。」
05:19
And I've come to understand
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我從而瞭解
05:21
that "normal" has a lot to do with expectations.
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所謂「正常」其實是與期待息息相關。
05:25
Let me give you an example.
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舉例而言:
05:26
I came across this story
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我無意間看到這個
05:28
about the Ancient Greek writer, Homer.
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有關古希臘作家,荷馬的故事。
05:30
Now, Homer mentions very few colors in his writing.
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荷馬在他的作品, 很少用到顏色來描繪事物。
05:34
And even when he does,
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即便他用到時,
05:36
he seems to get them quite a bit wrong.
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差錯似乎也很大。
05:38
For example, the sea is described as wine red,
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譬如說,海被形容成酒紅色的,
05:42
people's faces are sometimes green and sheep are purple.
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人的臉是有時是綠色的, 而羊則是紫色。
05:46
But it's not just Homer.
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但這不只有荷馬這樣寫,
05:48
If you look at all of the ancient literature --
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如果你看所有古代文學──
05:50
Ancient Chinese, Icelandic, Greek, Indian
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古中國的、冰島的、 希臘的、印度的,
05:52
and even the original Hebrew Bible --
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甚至原始的舊約聖經,
05:55
they all mention very few colors.
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它們都只用幾種顏色而已。
05:58
And the most popular theory for why that might be the case
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在眾多解釋中,最被結受的理論認為
06:02
is that cultures begin to recognize a color
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文化只能在它有能力 製造某種顏色時,
06:04
only once they have the ability to make that color.
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才能開始辨認那種顏色。
06:07
So basically, if you can make a color,
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基本上,你要有能力製造那個顏色,
06:09
only then can you see it.
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才能看得到那顏色。
06:11
A color like red, which was fairly easy for many cultures to make --
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像紅色這顏色,對許多文化而言, 因為滿容易被製作的,
06:15
they began to see that color fairly early on.
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在滿早時,許多文化就已認得了。
06:18
But a color like blue, which was much harder to make --
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但藍色,則因製作比較困難,
06:21
many cultures didn't begin to learn how to make that color
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許多文化一直到滿晚期時,
06:23
until much later.
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才開始學習如何製造藍色。
06:24
They didn't begin to see it until much later as well.
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人們也因此一直到晚期, 才開始認得這個顏色。
06:27
So until then, even though a color might be all around them,
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在這之前,即便顏色 已存在人們的週遭,
06:31
they simply did not have the ability to see it.
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因他們沒有能力辨識那個顏色,
06:33
It was invisIble.
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它等於是無形的。
06:34
It was not a part of their normal.
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因為它不是所謂常態的一部分。
06:38
And that story has helped put my own experience into context.
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這個故事幫我 把我的經歷前後連貫起來。
06:42
So when I first read the comments on the video,
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在我一開始看影片上的評論時,
06:44
my initial reaction was to take it all very personally.
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我最初的反應是, 把它們看成是人身攻擊。
06:48
But the people commenting did not know
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但寫評論的人並不知道
06:50
how self-conscious I am about my voice.
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我對自己的聲音有多難為情。
06:54
They were mostly reacting to my accent,
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他們大都只是針對我的口音,
06:56
that it is not normal for a narrator to have an accent.
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因為一個解說員有口音並不尋常。
07:01
But what is normal, anyway?
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但究竟什麼是「正常」?
07:03
We know that reviewers will find more spelling errors in your writing
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我們知道,如果評論家 認為你是黑人的話,
他們會在你的寫作中, 找出較多的拼字錯誤。
07:06
if they think you're black.
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07:09
We know that professors are less likely to help female or minority students.
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我們知道,教授比較不會幫助 女性或少數民族學生。
07:14
And we know that resumes with white-sounding names
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我們也知道,履歷表有 聽起來像白人名字的,
07:17
get more callbacks than resumes with black-sounding names.
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比其他聽起來像黑人的, 有較高的覆試機會。
07:21
Why is that?
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但為什麼是這樣呢?
07:23
Because of our expectations of what is normal.
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這是因為我們對所謂「正常」的預期。
07:26
We think it is normal
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我們認為,
黑人學生有拼字錯誤是正常的。
07:27
when a black student has spelling errors.
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07:30
We think it is normal
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我們認為,
女性或少數民族學生失敗是正常的。
07:32
when a female or minority student does not succeed.
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07:35
And we think it is normal
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而我們也認為,
白人員工比黑人員工 是較好的雇員選擇。
07:37
that a white employee is a better hire than a black employee.
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07:41
But studies also show that discrimination of this kind,
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但研究指出,這種歧見
07:44
in most cases, is simply favoritism,
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在大部分的案例中, 其實只是偏好的選擇,
07:46
and it results more from wanting to help people that you can relate to
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這是因為我們較想協助 跟我們有關聯的人,
07:50
than the desire to harm people that you can't relate to.
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而非源於想傷害 與己無關的人的欲望。
07:54
And not relating to people starts at a very early age.
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這種偏好選擇, 在我們很小時就開始了。
07:58
Let me give you an example.
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讓我舉例說明。
07:59
One library that keeps track of characters
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有一個圖書館每年 都監測兒童圖書中角色,
08:03
in the children's book collection every year,
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08:06
found that in 2014, only about 11 percent of the books
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在 2014 年發現,在書中, 只有百分之十一
08:12
had a character of color.
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是以有色人種為角色。
08:14
And just the year before, that number was about eight percent,
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在前一年中,甚至只有 百分之八而已,
08:18
even though half of American children today come from a minority background.
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即使在今天,有一半的美國兒童 是來自少數民族的家庭背景。
08:21
Half.
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一半!
08:23
So there are two big issues here.
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所以這引起兩個很大的爭議。
08:25
Number one, children are told that they can be anything,
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第一個:一方面孩童總被告知, 他們可以當任何人,
08:27
they can do anything,
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做任何事。
08:28
and yet, most stories that children of color consume
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但在另一方面, 有色兒童讀到的大部分故事,
08:31
are about people who are not like them.
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是跟他們不一樣的人。
08:33
Number two is that majority groups don't get to realize
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第二點:多數民族團體並不瞭解,
08:36
the great extent to which they are similar to minorities --
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在很多方面,
他們和少數民族團體是很相似的。
08:39
our everyday experiences, our hopes,
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我們的日常經驗,我們的希望,
08:42
our dreams, our fears
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我們的夢想,我們的恐懼
08:44
and our mutual love for hummus.
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及我們的對鷹嘴豆沙共同的熱愛。
08:45
It's delicious!
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好吃極了!
08:47
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:49
Just like the color blue for Ancient Greeks,
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就像藍色對古希臘一樣,
08:52
minorities are not a part of what we consider normal,
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少數群體並非我們所謂 「常態」的一部分。
08:57
because normal is simply a construction of what we've been exposed to,
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因為所謂「常態」, 只不過是我們已知的構造,
09:02
and how visible it is around us.
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及它在我們的週遭的明顯度而已。
09:05
And this is where things get a bit difficult.
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這也是事情變得有點難解的地方。
09:08
I can accept the preexisting notion of normal -- that normal is good,
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我可以就接受已存在的 「常態」是好的概念;
09:13
and anything outside of that very narrow definition of normal is bad.
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其他任何在那狹隘定義外的「常態」,
都是不好的。
09:17
Or I can challenge that preexisting notion of normal
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或者我也可以質疑 這已存在的常態概念,
09:22
with my work
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用我的工作,
09:24
and with my voice
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我的聲音,
09:26
and with my accent
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及我的口音,
09:28
and by standing here onstage,
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甚至以僅僅站在台上。
09:30
even though I'm scared shitless and would rather be in the bathroom.
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即使事實上我怕的要死, 寧可躲在浴室裡。
09:33
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
09:34
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
09:45
(Video) Sheep (SS's voice): I'm now slowly starting to use my voice
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(影片)綿羊(講員的聲音): 我又慢慢開始在我的工作用我的聲音。
09:48
in my work again.
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這感覺很好。
09:49
And it feels good.
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09:50
It does not mean I won't have a breakdown
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這不代表,我就不會再崩潰,
09:52
the next time a couple dozen people say that I talk
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當下次又有若干人說我講話
(含糊不清)像是有花生醬在嘴裡。
09:55
(Mumbling) like I have peanut butter in my mouth.
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09:57
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
09:58
SS: It just means I now have a much better understanding
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這只表示我現在比較能體會
10:01
of what's at stake,
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牽涉在內的成敗關係,
10:03
and how giving up is not an option.
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及放棄不是之一的選擇。
10:08
The Ancient Greeks didn't just wake up one day and realize
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古希臘也不是一天醒來後,
就領悟到天空是藍色的。
10:11
that the sky was blue.
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10:13
It took centuries, even, for humans to realize what we had been ignoring
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而是經過好幾世紀,
人類才體會到我們長久以來所忽視的。
10:16
for so long.
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10:18
And so we must continuously challenge our notion of normal,
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所以我們必須繼續質問
這所謂常態的概念。
10:22
because doing so is going to allow us as a society
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因為這樣做,
才能讓身為社會一份子的我們,
10:27
to finally see the sky for what it is.
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終能看見天空真實的樣子。
10:32
(Video) Characters: Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
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(影片)角色:謝謝。謝謝。 謝謝。謝謝。謝謝。
10:38
Frankenstein's monster: (Grunts)
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科學怪人:(咕噥)
10:39
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:40
SS: Thank you.
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謝謝。
10:41
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
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