The next manufacturing revolution is here | Olivier Scalabre

500,990 views ใƒป 2016-09-13

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Zeeva Livshitz
00:13
Guys, we have an issue.
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื”.
00:16
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:17
Growth is fading away, and it's a big deal.
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ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžืชืคื•ื’ื’ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
00:21
Our global economy stops growing.
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ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืคืกื™ืงื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
00:24
And it's not new.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ.
00:25
Growth has actually declined for the last 50 years.
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ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆืžืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
00:29
If we continue like this, we need to learn
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ืื ื ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื•, ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืœืžื•ื“
00:31
how to live in a world with no growth in the next decade.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืฉื•ืจ.
00:36
This is scary because when the economy doesn't grow,
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ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืœื ืฆื•ืžื—ืช,
00:39
our children don't get better lives.
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:42
What's even scarier is that when the pie does not grow,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืฉื”ืขื•ื’ื” ืœื ื’ื“ืœื”,
00:45
each of us get a smaller piece.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:47
We're then ready to fight for a bigger one.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:50
This creates tensions and serious conflicts.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืชื—ื™ื ื•ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื.
00:53
Growth matters a lot.
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ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“.
00:57
If we look at the history of growth,
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ืื ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”,
00:59
times of big growth have always been fueled
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ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ื“ืœืงื•
01:02
by big manufacturing revolutions.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
01:04
It happened three times, every 50-60 years.
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ื–ื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, ื›ืœ 50-60 ืฉื ื™ื.
01:08
The steam engine in the middle of the 19th century,
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ืžื ื•ืข ื”ืงื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื” ื”-19,
01:12
the mass-production model in the beginning of the 20th century --
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-20 --
01:16
thanks, Mr. Ford.
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ืชื•ื“ื”, ืžืจ ืคื•ืจื“.
01:18
And the first automation wave in the 1970s.
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ื•ื’ืœ ื”ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70.
01:22
Why did these manufacturing revolutions
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ืœืžื” ืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืืœื”
01:24
create huge growth in our economies?
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ื™ืฆืจื• ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•?
01:27
Because they have injected huge productivity improvement.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆืจื ื•ืช.
01:31
It's rather simple:
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜:
01:33
in order to grow, you need to be producing more,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžื•ื—, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:36
putting more into our economy.
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ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:39
This means either more labor or more capital or more productivity.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ, ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
01:44
Each time, productivity has been the growth lever.
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ื›ืœ ืคืขื, ื”ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื™ืขื” ืืช ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”.
01:49
I'm here today to tell you
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ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื
01:52
that we are on the verge of another huge change,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ืกืฃ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฆื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ,
01:56
and that this change, surprisingly enough,
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืคืชื™ืขื”
01:59
is going to come from manufacturing, again.
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ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืฉื•ื‘.
02:03
It will get us out of our growth slump
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ื–ื” ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืฆื ื™ื—ื” ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ื”
02:06
and it will change radically the way globalization has been shaped
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”
02:10
over the last decade.
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ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
02:11
I'm here to tell you about the amazing fourth manufacturing revolution
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
02:17
that is currently underway.
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ืฉื›ืจื’ืข ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช.
02:19
It's not as if we've done nothing with manufacturing
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ื–ื” ืœื ืฉืœื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ืœื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
02:21
since the last revolution.
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ืžืื– ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
02:23
Actually, we've made some pretty lame attempts
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ ืขืœื•ื‘ื™ื
02:25
to try to revitalize it.
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืชื”.
02:27
But none of them have been the big overhaul
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืคืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ
02:30
we really need to get us growing again.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืฉื•ื‘.
02:32
For example, we've tried to relocate our factories offshore
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœืžืงื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”
02:37
in order to reduce cost and take advantage of cheap labor.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืฆืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•ืœื”.
02:41
Not only did this not inspire productivity,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช,
02:44
but it only saved money for a short period of time,
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ืืœื ื–ื” ื—ื•ืกืš ื›ืกืฃ ืจืง ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจื”,
02:47
because cheap labor didn't stay cheap for long.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•ืœื” ืœื ื ืฉืืจืช ื–ื•ืœื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.
02:50
Then, we've tried to make our factories larger
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ืื–, ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื
02:54
and we specialized them by product.
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ื•ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืืชื ืœื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžื•ืฆืจ.
02:57
The idea was that we can make a lot of one product
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื•ืฆืจ ืื—ื“
03:00
and stockpile it to be sold with demand.
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ื•ืœืขืจื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื”.
03:04
This did help productivity for a while.
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ื–ื” ืขื–ืจ ืœืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”.
03:06
But it introduced a lot of rigidities in our supply chain.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงืฉื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืืกืคืงื” ืฉืœื ื•.
03:11
Let's take fashion retail.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ืขื ืฃ ื”ืื•ืคื ื”.
03:13
Traditional clothing companies
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช
03:15
have built offshore, global, rigid supply chains.
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ื‘ื ื• ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืืกืคืงื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื.
03:20
When fast-fashion competitors like Zara
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ื›ืฉืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”-ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื”, ื›ืžื• ื–ืืจื”
03:23
started replenishing their stocks faster
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžืœืื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:26
from two collections a year to one collection a month,
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ืžืฉืชื™ ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ืœืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
03:29
none of them have been able to keep up with the pace.
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ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืฆื‘.
03:32
Most of them are in great difficulties today.
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ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
03:36
Yet, with all of their shortcomings,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
03:39
those are the factories we know today.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
03:41
When you open the doors,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช,
03:43
they look the same as they did 50 years ago.
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ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ื ืจืื• ืœืคื ื™ 50 ืฉื ื”.
03:46
We've just changed the location, the size, the way they operate.
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ืจืง ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื, ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ, ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื.
03:52
Can you name anything else that looks the same
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ื”ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ
03:54
as it did 50 years ago?
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืœืคื ื™ 50 ืฉื ื”?
03:56
It's crazy.
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ื–ื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ.
03:57
We've made all the tweaks to the model that we could,
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉื™ื›ืœื ื•,
04:00
and now we hit its limits.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช.
04:05
After all of our attempts to fix the manufacturing model failed,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื ื›ืฉืœื•,
04:09
we thought growth could come from elsewhere.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
04:12
We turned to the tech sector --
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ืคื ื™ื ื• ืœืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ -
04:14
there's been quite a lot of innovations there.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื.
04:17
Just to name one: the Internet.
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ืจืง ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืื—ืช: ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
04:19
We hoped it could produce growth.
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ืงื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”.
04:21
And indeed, it changed our lives.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
04:24
It made big waves in the media, the service, the entertainment spaces.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื›ื” ื’ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื”, ื‘ืฉืจื•ืช, ื‘ื—ืœืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ.
04:29
But it hasn't done much for productivity.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
04:32
Actually, what's surprising is that productivity is on the decline
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื” ืฉืžืคืชื™ืข ื–ื” ืฉื”ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื”
04:36
despite all of those innovation efforts.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžืืžืฆื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
04:39
Imagine that -- sitting at work, scrolling through Facebook,
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” -- ืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง,
04:43
watching videos on YouTube has made us less productive.
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ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื• ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.
04:47
Weird.
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ืžื•ื–ืจ.
04:48
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:49
This is why we are not growing.
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื.
04:52
We failed at reinventing the manufacturing space,
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ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื—ืœืœ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ,
04:55
and large technological innovations have played away from it.
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ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืœื ืขื–ืจื• ืคื”.
05:01
But what if we could combine those forces?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”?
05:03
What if the existing manufacturing and large technological innovation
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ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
05:08
came together to create the next big manufacturing reinvention.
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ื™ืชืื—ื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
05:13
Bingo!
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ื‘ื™ื ื’ื•!
05:14
This is the fourth manufacturing revolution,
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ื–ื• ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช,
05:17
and it's happening right now.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
05:19
Major technologies are entering the manufacturing space,
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื—ืœืœ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ,
05:22
big time.
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ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
05:24
They will boost industrial productivity by more than a third.
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ื”ืŸ ื™ื’ื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื™ืฉ.
05:28
This is massive, and it will do a lot in creating growth.
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ื–ื” ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™, ื•ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”.
05:33
Let me tell you about some of them.
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืŸ.
05:36
Have you already met advanced manufacturing robots?
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ื”ืื ืคื’ืฉืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืชืงื“ื?
05:39
They are the size of humans,
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ื”ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
05:41
they actually collaborate with them,
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ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื™ืชื,
05:43
and they can be programmed
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ืชื™ื
05:45
in order to perform complex, non-repetitive tasks.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ.
05:49
Today in our factories, only 8 percent of the tasks are automated.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืจืง 8 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช.
05:54
The less complex, the more repetitive ones.
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ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ.
05:58
It will be 25 percent in 10 years.
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ื–ื” ื™ืขืœื” ืœ 25 ืื—ื•ื– ืชื•ืš 10 ืฉื ื™ื.
06:01
It means that by 2025,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื“ 2025,
06:04
advanced robots will complement workers
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ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื™ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
06:06
to be, together, 20 percent more productive,
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš, ื™ื—ื“, ืœ 20 ืื—ื•ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื,
06:09
to manufacture 20 percent more outputs,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ 20 ืื—ื•ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืคื•ืงื”,
06:11
to achieve 20 percent additional growth.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ 20 ืื—ื•ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”.
06:15
This isn't some fancy, futuristic idea.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ื ื™ ืžืคื•ืืจ.
06:18
These robots are working for us right now.
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ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
06:21
Last year in the US, they helped Amazon prepare and ship all the products
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื”ื ืขื–ืจื• ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื
06:27
required for Cyber Monday,
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ืฉื ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืžืื ื“ื™ื™,
06:29
the annual peak of online retail.
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ื”ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฉืช.
06:32
Last year in the US,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
06:34
it was the biggest online shopping day of the year and of history.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
06:40
Consumers spent 3 billion dollars on electronics that day.
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ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• 3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืขืœ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื.
06:44
That's real economic growth.
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ื–ื• ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
06:47
Then there's additive manufacturing, 3D printing.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื“ืคืกื” ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ืช.
06:51
3D printing has already improved plastic manufacturing
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ื”ื“ืคืกืช ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืคืจืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง
06:55
and it's now making its way through metal.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื“ืจื›ื” ืœืžืชื›ื•ืช.
06:58
Those are not small industries.
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ืืœื” ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
07:00
Plastic and metals represent 25 percent
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ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื•ืžืชื›ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื 25 ืื—ื•ื–
07:03
of global manufacturing production.
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ืžื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
07:06
Let's take a real example.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืงื— ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
07:09
In the aerospace industry,
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ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”,
07:11
fuel nozzles are some of the most complex parts to manufacture,
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ืคื™ื•ืช ื“ืœืง ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ,
07:16
for one reason:
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช:
07:17
they are made up of 20 different parts
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ื”ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืž 20 ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
07:21
that need to be separately produced
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ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื ืคืจื“
07:23
and then painstakingly assembled.
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
07:27
Aerospace companies are now using 3D printing,
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ื—ืœืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืคืกื” ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ืช
07:30
which allows them to turn those 20 different parts
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช 20 ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืืœื•
07:33
into just one.
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ืœืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
07:35
The results?
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”?
07:36
40 percent more productivity,
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40 ืื—ื•ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช,
07:39
40 percent more output produced, 40 percent more growth
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40 ืื—ื•ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืคื•ืงื”, 40 ืื—ื•ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”
07:42
for this specific industry.
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ืœืชืขืฉื™ื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
07:45
But actually, the most exciting part of this new manufacturing revolution
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•
07:51
goes much beyond productivity.
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ื”ื•ืœืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
07:54
It's about producing better, smarter products.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:58
It's about scale customization.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืชืืžืช ืžื™ื“ื”.
08:01
Imagine a world where you can buy the exact products you want
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื
08:05
with the functionalities you need,
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ืขื ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื,
08:08
with the design you want,
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ืขื ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื,
08:10
with the same cost and lead time
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืœื•ืช ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืืกืคืงื”
08:11
as a product that's been mass produced,
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ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™,
08:13
like your car, or your clothes or your cell phone.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื, ืื• ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืื• ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืฉืœื›ื.
08:17
The new manufacturing revolution makes it possible.
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ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœืืคืฉืจื™.
08:20
Advanced robots can be programmed
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ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ืชื™ื
08:23
in order to perform any product configuration
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื›ืœ ืงื•ื ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืฆื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืฆืจ
08:26
without any setup time or ramp up.
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ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืืžื” ืื• ืื™ืชื—ื•ืœ.
08:29
3D printers instantaneously produce any customized design.
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ืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื“ ื›ืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื•ืชืื.
08:35
We are now able to produce a batch of one product, your product,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื—ื“, ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื›ื,
08:41
at the same cost and lead time as a batch of many.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืœื•ืช ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืืกืคืงื” ืฉืœ ืืฆื•ื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
08:45
Those are only a few examples of the manufacturing revolution at play.
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ืืœื• ืจืง ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
08:50
Not only will manufacturing become more productive,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฆืจื ื™,
08:54
it will also become more flexible,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืžื™ืฉ,
08:57
and those were exactly the elements of growth that we are missing.
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ื•ืืœื” ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื—ืกืจื™ื ืœื ื•.
09:03
But actually, there are even some bigger implications
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:06
for all of us when manufacturing will find its way back into the limelight.
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืžืฆื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื–ืจืงื•ืจื™ื,
09:12
It will create a huge macroeconomic shift.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงืจื• ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืขืฆื•ื.
09:16
First, our factories will be relocated into our home markets.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื•ืขืชืงื• ืœืชื•ืš ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
09:21
In the world of scale customization,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ื”,
09:24
consumer proximity is the new norm.
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ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืžื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”.
09:27
Then, our factories will be smaller, agile.
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ืื–, ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:31
Scale does not matter anymore, flexibility does.
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ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื ื”.
09:35
They will be operating on a multi-product, made-to-order basis.
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ื”ื ื™ืคืขืœื• ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช.
09:39
The change will be drastic.
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ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ืจืืกื˜ื™.
09:42
Globalization will enter a new era.
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ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืชื™ื›ื ืก ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ.
09:47
The East-to-West trade flows
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ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืกื—ืจ ืžื–ืจื— ืœืžืขืจื‘
09:50
will be replaced by regional trade flows.
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ืชื•ื—ืœืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ืจืžื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
09:52
East for East, West for West.
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ืžื–ืจื— ืœืžื–ืจื—, ืžืขืจื‘ ืœืžืขืจื‘.
09:55
When you think about that,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”,
09:57
the old model was pretty much insane.
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ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ.
10:01
Piling up stocks, making products travel the whole world
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ืœืขืจื•ื ืกื—ื•ืจื”, ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
10:04
before they reach their end consumers.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืคื™.
10:06
The new model, producing just next to the consumer market,
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ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืžืฉ ืœื™ื“ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื—,
10:11
will be much cleaner, much better for our environment.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืงื™, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
10:16
In mature economies, manufacturing will be back home,
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ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ื•ื’ืจื•ืช, ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
10:20
creating more employment,
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืขืกื•ืงื”,
10:22
more productivity and more growth.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”.
10:25
Good news, isn't it?
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ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืœื?
10:28
But here's the thing with growth --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ืฆืžื™ื—ื” --
10:30
it does not come automatically.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.
10:32
Mature economies will have to seize it.
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ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ื•ื’ืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื”.
10:35
We'll have to massively re-train our workforce.
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืืžืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช.
10:38
In most countries, like in my country, France,
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืชื™, ืฆืจืคืช,
10:41
we've told our children that manufacturing had no future.
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ืืžืจื ื• ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“.
10:44
That it was something happening far away.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืคื”.
10:46
We need to reverse that
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื”
10:48
and teach manufacturing again at university.
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ื•ืœืœืžื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”.
10:51
Only the countries that will boldly transform
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ืจืง ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืžื™ืฅ
10:54
will be able to seize this growth.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœืชืคื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ื•.
10:58
It's also a chance for developing economies.
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ื–ื• ื’ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
11:02
Of course China and other emerging economies
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืกื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืื—ืจืช
11:06
won't be the factory of the world anymore.
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ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:09
Actually, it was not a sustainable model in the long term,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืœ ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš,
11:14
as those countries are becoming richer.
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:17
Last year, it was already as expensive to produce in Brazil
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ
11:22
as to produce in France.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืœื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช.
11:26
By 2018, manufacturing costs in China will be on par with the US.
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ืขื“ 2018, ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื•ืช ืœืืœื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
11:33
The new manufacturing revolution
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ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
11:35
will accelerate the transition of those emerging economies
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ืชืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
11:40
towards a model driven by domestic consumption.
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ืœืงืจืืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
11:43
And this is good,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”,
11:44
because this is where growth will be created.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืฉื ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืชื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ.
11:47
In the next five years,
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ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
11:49
the next billion consumers in China will inject more growth in our economies
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื™ื–ืจื™ืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
11:54
than the top five European markets together.
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ืžื—ืžืฉืช ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•.
11:59
This fourth manufacturing revolution is a chance for all of us.
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ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
12:05
If we play it right,
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ืื ื ืฉื—ืง ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
12:07
we'll see sustainable growth in all of our economies.
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ื ืจืื” ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ืจืช ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
12:10
This means more wealth distributed to all of us
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื
12:14
and a better future for our children.
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ื•ืขืชื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•.
12:17
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
12:18
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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