Jacqueline Novogratz: Investing in Africa's own solutions

23,325 views ใƒป 2007-01-16

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:25
I want to start with a story, a la Seth Godin,
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ื›ืžื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœ ืกืช' ื’ื•ื“ื™ืŸ,
00:28
from when I was 12 years old.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœื™, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 12.
00:30
My uncle Ed gave me a beautiful blue sweater --
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ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืื“ ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืžืงืกื™ื--
00:33
at least I thought it was beautiful.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืกื™ื.
00:35
And it had fuzzy zebras walking across the stomach,
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ื”ื™ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื–ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืœื•ืžืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ,
00:38
and Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Meru were kind of
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ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ืงื™ืœื™ืžื ื’'ืจื• ื•ื”ืžืจื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืจืš
00:41
right across the chest, that were also fuzzy.
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื–ื”, ื•ื’ื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืคืœื•ืžืชื™ื™ื.
00:43
And I wore it whenever I could,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื‘ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืžืชื™ ืฉืจืง ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™,
00:44
thinking it was the most fabulous thing I owned.
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™.
00:47
Until one day in ninth grade,
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ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื˜',
00:49
when I was standing with a number of the football players.
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ื•ืขืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืขื ื›ืžื” ืฉื—ืงื ื™ ืคื•ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ.
00:52
And my body had clearly changed, and Matt,
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ ื—ืœื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืื˜ ืžื•ืกื•ืœื™ื ื”,
00:56
who was undeniably my nemesis in high school,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
01:00
said in a booming voice that
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ืืžืจ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ื•ืžื”ื“ื”ื“
01:01
we no longer had to go far away to go on ski trips,
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ืกื•ืข ืจื—ื•ืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืงื™,
01:05
but we could all ski on Mount Novogratz.
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ื›ื™ ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ ื ื•ื‘ื•ื’ืจืฅ.
01:07
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:08
And I was so humiliated and mortified
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉืชื™ ื›ื” ืขืœื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืฉืคืœืช,
01:11
that I immediately ran home to my mother and chastised her
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ืฉืžื™ื“ ืจืฆืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืœืืžื ื•ื”ืืฉืžืชื™ ืื•ืชื”
01:15
for ever letting me wear the hideous sweater.
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ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื™ื—ื” ืœื™ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ื”ื ื•ืจื ื”ื–ื”.
01:16
We drove to the Goodwill and we threw the sweater away
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ื ืกืขื ื• ืœ"ื’ื•ื“ื•ื•ื™ืœ" (ืจืฉืช ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื“-ืฉื ื™ื”) ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ
01:19
somewhat ceremoniously,
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ื‘ื˜ืงืกื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช,
01:21
my idea being that I would never have to think about the sweater
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ื•ืœืชื•ืžื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืื™ืืœืฅ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•
01:24
nor see it ever again.
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ืื• ืœืจืื•ืชื• ืื™-ืคืขื.
01:25
Fast forward -- 11 years later, I'm a 25-year-old kid.
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ื ืจื™ืฅ ืžื”ืจ ืงื“ื™ืžื”-- ืื—ืจื™ 11 ืฉื ื™ื, ืื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืช 25.
01:29
I'm working in Kigali, Rwanda, jogging through the steep slopes,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืงื™ื’ืืœื™ ืฉื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”, ืžืชืืžื ืช ื‘ืจื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ืœื™ื,
01:36
when I see, 10 feet in front of me, a little boy -- 11 years old --
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ื•-3 ืžื˜ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 11,
01:40
running toward me, wearing my sweater.
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ืจืฅ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ืฉืœื™.
01:43
And I'm thinking, no, this is not possible.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืœืขืฆืžื™, ืœื. ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
01:45
But so, curious, I run up to the child -- of course
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ืืš ืžืชื•ืš ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืื ื™ ืจืฆื” ืืœ ื”ื™ืœื“-- ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
01:49
scaring the living bejesus out of him --
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ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื” ืื•ืชื• ืขื“ ืžื•ื•ืช--
01:51
grab him by the collar, turn it over, and there is my name
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ืชื•ืคืกืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ืคื›ืช, ื•ื”ื ื” ืฉืžื™
01:54
written on the collar of this sweater.
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ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ.
01:56
I tell that story, because it has served and continues to serve
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ืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืื•ืชื™, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉ
02:01
as a metaphor to me about the level of connectedness
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ื›ื”ืžื—ืฉื” ืœืจืžืช ื”ืงืฉืจ
02:05
that we all have on this Earth.
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ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช.
02:07
We so often don't realize what our action and our inaction
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื” ืฉืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื• ื”ื™ืขื“ืจืŸ
02:11
does to people we think we will never see and never know.
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ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉืื ื• ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืจืื” ืื• ื ื›ื™ืจ.
02:15
I also tell it because it tells a larger contextual story
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ืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจืช ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:18
of what aid is and can be.
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ื•ื”ื•ื: ืžื”ื™ ืขื–ืจื” ื•ืžื” ืขื–ืจื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
02:20
That this traveled into the Goodwill in Virginia,
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื ื•ืช "ื’ื•ื“ื•ื•ื™ืœ" ื‘ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื”,
02:24
and moved its way into the larger industry,
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ื•ืขืฉื” ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื”ืขื ืงื™ืช
02:27
which at that point was giving millions of tons of secondhand clothing to Africa and Asia.
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ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื– ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื™ื“-ืฉื ื™ื” ืœืืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ืืกื™ื”.
02:31
Which was a very good thing, providing low cost clothing.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื“, ืœืกืคืง ื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื–ื•ืœ.
02:35
And at the same time, certainly in Rwanda,
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ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช, ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”,
02:37
it destroyed the local retailing industry.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจืก ืืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
02:39
Not to say that it shouldn't have,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘,
02:41
but that we have to get better at answering the questions
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ืืœื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ืœืฉืืœื•ืช
02:44
that need to be considered when we think about consequences
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื›ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช
02:47
and responses.
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
02:49
So, I'm going to stick in Rwanda, circa 1985, 1986,
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ืืฉืืจ ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ 1985, 1986,
02:54
where I was doing two things.
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ืฉืื– ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:55
I had started a bakery with 20 unwed mothers.
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ืคืชื—ืชื™ ืžืืคื™ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขื•ื“ 20 ืืžื”ื•ืช ืœื ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช.
02:58
We were called the "Bad News Bears," and our notion was
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ืงืจืื• ืœื ื• "ื“ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช", ื•ืžื˜ืจืชื ื• ื”ื™ืชื”
03:00
we were going to corner the snack food business in Kigali,
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ืœื“ื—ื•ืง ืœืคื™ื ื” ืืช ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืงื™ื’ืืœื™,
03:03
which was not hard because there were no snacks before us.
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ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื”, ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ืื ื•.
03:07
And because we had a good business model, we actually did it,
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ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ืš,
03:10
and I watched these women transform on a micro-level.
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•.
03:12
But at the same time, I started a micro-finance bank,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช ื”ืงืžืชื™ ื‘ื ืง ืœืžื™ืงืจื•-ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ,
03:15
and tomorrow Iqbal Quadir is going to talk about Grameen,
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ื•ืžื—ืจ ืื™ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื™ืจ ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ "ื’ืจืืžื™ืŸ",
03:18
which is the grandfather of all micro-finance banks,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ืงื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•,
03:21
which now is a worldwide movement -- you talk about a meme --
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ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช-- ืื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืžื™ื--
03:24
but then it was quite new, especially in an economy
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื”
03:27
that was moving from barter into trade.
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืขืกืงืื•ืช-ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ.
03:30
We got a lot of things right.
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
03:32
We focused on a business model; we insisted on skin in the game.
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ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™, ื”ืชืขืงืฉื ื• ืขืœ ืžื’ืข ืื™ืฉื™.
03:35
The women made their own decisions at the end of the day
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื
03:38
as to how they would use this access to credit
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœืืฉืจืื™
03:40
to build their little businesses, earn more income
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ืขืกืงื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืขื•ื“ ื”ื›ื ืกื”
03:43
so they could take care of their families better.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ.
03:46
What we didn't understand, what was happening all around us,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•,
03:50
with the confluence of fear, ethnic strife
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ืขื ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื—ื“ ื•ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ืืชื ื™ื™ื
03:57
and certainly an aid game, if you will, that was playing into
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืกื™ื•ืข, ืื ืชืจืฆื•, ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ื’ื ื”ื
04:02
this invisible but certainly palpable movement inside Rwanda,
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ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืจืื™ืช ืืš ืžืžืฉื™ืช ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”,
04:08
that at that time, 30 percent of the budget was all foreign aid.
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ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, 30 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื ืžืกื™ื•ืข ื—ื•ืฅ.
04:11
The genocide happened in 1994,
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ืจืฆื— ื”ืขื ืื™ืจืข ื‘-1994,
04:13
seven years after these women all worked together
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ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืขื‘ื“ื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•
04:15
to build this dream.
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ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื–ื”.
04:17
And the good news was that the institution,
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ื•ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืžืกื“,
04:19
the banking institution, lasted.
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ื”ืžืžืกื“ ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™, ื ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื ื•.
04:21
In fact, it became the largest rehabilitation lender in the country.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืคืš ืœืžืœื•ื•ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืืจืฅ.
04:25
The bakery was completely wiped out,
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ื”ืžืืคื™ื” ื ืžื—ืงื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
04:27
but the lessons for me were that accountability counts --
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ืืš ื”ืœืงื— ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช--
04:32
got to build things with people on the ground,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—,
04:34
using business models where, as Steven Levitt would say,
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ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืคื™ ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื, ืœืคื™ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ื˜,
04:37
the incentives matter.
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ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
04:39
Understand, however complex we may be, incentives matter.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื”, ืฉื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
04:43
So when Chris raised to me how wonderful everything
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ืื– ื›ืฉื›ืจื™ืก ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ื ืคืœื
04:47
that was happening in the world,
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
04:49
that we were seeing a shift in zeitgeist,
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ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
04:51
on the one hand I absolutely agree with him,
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ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืกื›ืžืชื™ ืื™ืชื•,
04:53
and I was so thrilled to see what happened with the G8 --
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ื•ืžืื“ ืฉืžื—ืชื™ ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืžื” ืงืจื” ืขื "8 ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช"--
04:56
that the world, because of people like Tony Blair and Bono
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ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื˜ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืœื™ื™ืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื•
05:00
and Bob Geldof -- the world is talking about global poverty;
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ื•ื‘ื•ื‘ ื’ืœื“ื•ืฃ-- ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
05:04
the world is talking about Africa
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”
05:06
in ways I have never seen in my life.
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™.
05:08
It's thrilling.
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ื–ื” ืžืจื’ืฉ.
05:09
And at the same time, what keeps me up at night
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ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื ืข ืžืžื ื™ ืœื”ื™ืจื“ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
05:12
is a fear that we'll look at the victories of the G8 --
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉืžื ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ 8 ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช--
05:16
50 billion dollars in increased aid to Africa,
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50 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื›ืชื•ืกืคืช ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืืคืจื™ืงื”,
05:19
40 billion in reduced debt -- as the victory,
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40 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช-- ื›ื”ื™ืฉื’,
05:22
as more than chapter one, as our moral absolution.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืคืจืง ื', ื›ื›ืคืจืชื ื• ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช.
05:26
And in fact, what we need to do is see that as chapter one,
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
05:30
celebrate it, close it, and recognize that we need a chapter two
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ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ื•, ืœืกื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื• ืคืจืง ืฉื ื™
05:34
that is all about execution, all about the how-to.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข-- ื‘"ืื™ืš".
05:37
And if you remember one thing from what I want to talk about today,
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ื•ืื ืชื–ื›ืจื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื•ื
05:40
it's that the only way to end poverty, to make it history,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื—ืกืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™, ืœื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
05:44
is to build viable systems on the ground
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืช-ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—,
05:47
that deliver critical and affordable goods and services to the poor,
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ืฉืชืกืคืงื ื” ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื,
05:51
in ways that are financially sustainable and scaleable.
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืช-ืงื™ื™ืžื ื•ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช.
05:54
If we do that, we really can make poverty history.
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ืื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื›ืš, ื ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
05:57
And it was that -- that whole philosophy --
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ื•ื–ื•-- ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื–ื•--
06:00
that encouraged me to start my current endeavor
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืชื™ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช
06:04
called "Acumen Fund,"
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ืฉืฉืžื” ื”ื•ื "ืงืจืŸ ืืงื•ืžืŸ",
06:06
which is trying to build some mini-blueprints
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ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœืคืชื— ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช-ืื‘ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
06:08
for how we might do that in water, health and housing
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ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ืจ
06:11
in Pakistan, India, Kenya, Tanzania and Egypt.
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ื‘ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืงื ื™ื”, ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื” ื•ืžืฆืจื™ื.
06:14
And I want to talk a little bit about that, and some of the examples,
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ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช
06:19
so you can see what it is that we're doing.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืจืื• ืžื” ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
06:21
But before I do this -- and this is another one of my pet peeves --
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ืืš ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ-- ื•ื–ื• ืขื•ื“ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืขืงืฉื ื•ืช ืืฆืœื™--
06:24
I want to talk a little bit about who the poor are.
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื”ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื.
06:26
Because we too often talk about them as these
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ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืขืœ
06:30
strong, huge masses of people yearning to be free,
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ื’ื•ืฃ ืขื ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื™-ืื“ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉ,
06:33
when in fact, it's quite an amazing story.
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ื›ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
06:38
On a macro level, four billion people on Earth make less than four dollars a day.
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ื‘ืžืืงืจื•, 4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-4 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื.
06:43
That's who we talk about when we think about "the poor."
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ืืœื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื.
06:45
If you aggregate it, it's the third largest economy on Earth,
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ื›ืžื™ืงืฉื” ืื—ืช, ื–ื• ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”-3 ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
06:48
and yet most of these people go invisible.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช.
06:51
Where we typically work, there's people making between
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ื‘ื“"ื› ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื
06:53
one and three dollars a day.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ 1-3 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื.
06:55
Who are these people?
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ืžื™ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
06:57
They are farmers and factory workers.
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ืืœื” ืื™ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืคื•ืขืœื™ ื—ืจื•ืฉืช.
07:00
They work in government offices. They're drivers.
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ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื. ืืœื” ื ื”ื’ื™ื.
07:02
They are domestics.
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ืืœื” ืขื•ื–ืจื™ ื•ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช.
07:05
They typically pay for critical goods and services like water,
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ื”ื ื‘ื“"ื› ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื,
07:08
like healthcare, like housing, and they pay 30 to 40 times
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™, ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืคื™ 30-40
07:12
what their middleclass counterparts pay --
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ืžืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™--
07:14
certainly where we work in Karachi and Nairobi.
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ื–ื” ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื›ืš, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืงืจืฆ'ื™ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจื•ื‘ื™.
07:18
The poor also are willing to make, and do make, smart decisions,
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื’ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ - ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื - ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช,
07:22
if you give them that opportunity.
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ืื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.
07:24
So, two examples.
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ืฉืชื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช:
07:26
One is in India, where there are 240 million farmers,
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ื”ืื—ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉ 240 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ื›ืจื™ื,
07:29
most of whom make less than two dollars a day.
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ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-2 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื.
07:31
Where we work in Aurangabad, the land is extraordinarily parched.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืจื ื’ืื‘ืื“, ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฆื—ื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:35
You see people on average making 60 cents to a dollar.
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ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 60 ืกื ื˜ ืœื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“.
07:38
This guy in pink is a social entrepreneur named Ami Tabar.
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ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืจื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ืขืžื™ ื˜ืื‘ืืจ.
07:42
What he did was see what was happening in Israel, larger approaches,
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ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื’ื™ืฉื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
07:45
and figure out how to do a drip irrigation,
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ื•ืžืฆื ืื™ืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืฉืงื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืฃ,
07:48
which is a way of bringing water directly to the plant stock.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืขื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื—.
07:53
But previously it's only been created for large-scale farms,
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ืืš ืงื•ื“ื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ืจืง ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
07:56
so Ami Tabar took this and modularized it down to an eighth of an acre.
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ืื– ืขืžื™ ื˜ืื‘ืืจ ื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ืœื“ื’ื ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ื“ื•ื ื.
08:01
A couple of principles:
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ืžืกืคืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช--
08:03
build small.
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ, ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื”
08:05
Make it infinitely expandable and affordable to the poor.
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ื‘ืจ-ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืœืœื-ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื–ื•ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื.
08:07
This family, Sarita and her husband, bought a 15-dollar unit
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ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื–ื•, ืกืจื™ื˜ื” ื•ื‘ืขืœื”, ืงื ื• ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘-15 ื“ื•ืœืจ
08:12
when they were living in a -- literally a three-walled lean-to
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ื›ืฉื—ื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš-- ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืกื›ื›ื” ืฉืœ 3 ืงื™ืจื•ืช
08:15
with a corrugated iron roof.
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ืขื ื’ื’ ืžืคื— ื’ืœื™.
08:18
After one harvest, they had increased their income enough
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ืื—ืจื™ ืืกื™ืฃ ืื—ื“, ื”ื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกืชื ืžืกืคื™ืง
08:22
to buy a second system to do their full quarter-acre.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ื ื ืฉืœื”ื.
08:25
A couple of years later, I meet them.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืชื.
08:27
They now make four dollars a day, which is pretty much middle class for India,
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ื”ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ืขืช 4 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื, ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
08:30
and they showed me the concrete foundation they had just laid
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืจืื• ืœื™ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ื”ื ื™ื—ื•
08:35
to build their house.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืชื.
08:36
And I swear, you could see the future in that woman's eyes.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื”.
08:39
Something I truly believe.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื•.
08:41
You can't talk about poverty today without talking about malaria bed nets,
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืœืจื™ื” ื•ื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื”,
08:44
and I again give Jeffrey Sachs of Harvard
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื’'ืคืจื™ ืกืืงืก ืžื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“
08:47
huge kudos for bringing to the world
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ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื
08:50
this notion of his rage -- for five dollars you can save a life.
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ืืช ืชื•ืฆืจ ื–ืขืžื•-- ืชืžื•ืจืช 5 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื.
08:54
Malaria is a disease that kills one to three million people a year.
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ื”ืžืœืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ืจื’ืช 1-3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืฉื ื”.
08:58
300 to 500 million cases are reported.
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ื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ 300 ืขื“ 500 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื.
09:00
It's estimated that Africa loses
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ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืืคืจื™ืงื” ืžืคืกื™ื“ื”
09:02
about 13 billion dollars a year to the disease.
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ื›-13 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช.
09:04
Five dollars can save a life.
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5 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื.
09:06
We can send people to the moon; we can see if there's life on Mars --
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื“ื ืœื™ืจื—, ืœื—ืคืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืื“ื™ื--
09:09
why can't we get five-dollar nets to 500 million people?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ 5 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœ-500 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื?
09:13
The question, though, is not "Why can't we?"
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ืืš ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื,
09:16
The question is how can we help Africans do this for themselves?
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ืืœื ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืžืขืŸ ืขืฆืžื?
09:21
A lot of hurdles.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื.
09:22
One: production is too low. Two: price is too high.
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ืื—ื“: ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืœืฉ ืžื“ื™. ืฉืชื™ื™ื: ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื“ื™.
09:25
Three: this is a good road in -- right near where our factory is located.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ:-- ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืžืฉ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
09:30
Distribution is a nightmare, but not impossible.
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ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ื”ื™ื ืกื™ื•ื˜, ืืš ืœื ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
09:33
We started by making a 350,000-dollar loan
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื• 350,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ
09:37
to the largest traditional bed net manufacturer in Africa
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ืœื™ืฆืจืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
09:39
so that they could transfer technology from Japan
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื™ืคืŸ
09:44
and build these long-lasting, five-year nets.
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ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืœ-5 ืฉื ื™ื.
09:46
Here are just some pictures of the factory.
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœ.
09:48
Today, three years later, the company has employed
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื—ืจื™ 3 ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืขืกื™ืงื”
09:51
another thousand women.
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ืขื•ื“ ืืœืฃ ื ืฉื™ื.
09:54
It contributes about 600,000 dollars in wages to the economy of Tanzania.
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ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืจืžืช 600,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืฉื›ืจ ืœื›ืœื›ืœืช ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื”.
09:59
It's the largest company in Tanzania.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื”.
10:01
The throughput rate right now is 1.5 million nets,
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ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืขืช 1.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืœื•ืช,
10:04
three million by the end of the year.
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3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื”.
10:06
We hope to have seven million at the end of next year.
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ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœ-7 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
10:09
So the production side is working.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืฉื•ืจื”.
10:11
On the distribution side, though,
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ืืš ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื”ืคืฆื”,
10:12
as a world, we have a lot of work to do.
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ืœื ื•, ื›ืขื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
10:14
Right now, 95 percent of these nets are being bought by the U.N.,
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ื›ืจื’ืข, 95% ืžื”ื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื ืงื ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืื•"ื,
10:18
and then given primarily to people around Africa.
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ื•ืื– ื ืžืกืจื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
10:22
We're looking at building
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ืื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
10:24
on some of the most precious resources of Africa: people.
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ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืงืจื™-ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”-- ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
10:27
Their women.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
10:29
And so I want you to meet Jacqueline,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื–'ืงืœื™ืŸ,
10:31
my namesake, 21 years old.
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ืฉืžื” ื›ืฉืžื™, ื‘ืช 21.
10:33
If she were born anywhere else but Tanzania,
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ืื™ืœื• ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืžืœื‘ื“ ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื”,
10:35
I'm telling you, she could run Wall Street.
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœื›ื ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜.
10:37
She runs two of the lines, and has already saved enough money
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ื”ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœืช ืฉื ื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืกื›ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง
10:41
to put a down payment on her house.
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ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืชื”.
10:43
She makes about two dollars a day, is creating an education fund,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” 2 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื, ืžื ื”ืœืช ืงืจืŸ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
10:47
and told me she is not marrying nor having children
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ื•ื’ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืฉืœื ืชืชื—ืชืŸ ื•ืœื ืชื•ืœื™ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
10:50
until these things are completed.
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ืขื“ ืฉืชืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
10:53
And so, when I told her about our idea --
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•--
10:55
that maybe we could take a Tupperware model from the United States,
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื’ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœ "ื˜ืืคืจื•ื•ืจ" ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
10:58
and find a way for the women themselves to go out
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ื•ื ืžืฆื ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ืชืฆืื ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ
11:01
and sell these nets to others --
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ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื--
11:03
she quickly started calculating what she herself could make
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ืžื™ื“ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืชืจื•ื•ื™ื—
11:06
and signed up.
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ื•ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื”.
11:08
We took a lesson from IDEO, one of our favorite companies,
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ื ื”ื’ื ื• ื›ืžื• "ืื™ื™ื“ื™ืื•", ืื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื•,
11:13
and quickly did a prototyping on this,
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืื‘-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก,
11:15
and took Jacqueline into the area where she lives.
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ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื–'ืงืœื™ืŸ ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื”.
11:18
She brought 10 of the women with whom she interacts
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ื”ื™ื ืืกืคื” 10 ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืงืฉืจื™ื ืื™ืชืŸ
11:22
together to see if she could sell these nets, five dollars apiece,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘-10 ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื”,
11:24
despite the fact that people say nobody will buy one,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื• ืฉืื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ืงื ื”,
11:27
and we learned a lot about how you sell things.
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ื•ืœืžื“ื ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
11:30
Not coming in with our own notions,
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ืœื ืœื‘ื•ื ืžืจืืฉ ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช,
11:32
because she didn't even talk about malaria until the very end.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืœืจื™ื”, ืืœื ืจืง ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ.
11:34
First, she talked about comfort, status, beauty.
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช, ืžืขืžื“, ื™ื•ืคื™.
11:37
These nets, she said, you put them on the floor, bugs leave your house.
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ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ืืžืจื”, ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”, ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช
11:40
Children can sleep through the night;
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”,
11:42
the house looks beautiful; you hang them in the window.
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ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื ืจืื” ื™ืคื”, ืชื•ืœื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ืžื• ื•ื™ืœื•ื ื•ืช.
11:44
And we've started making curtains,
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื•ื™ืœื•ื ื•ืช,
11:46
and not only is it beautiful, but people can see status --
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืฉื–ื” ื™ืคื”, ื–ื” ื’ื ืกืžืœ ืžืขืžื“--
11:50
that you care about your children.
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ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืขืœ ื“ืื’ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื.
11:51
Only then did she talk about saving your children's lives.
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ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
11:56
A lot of lessons to be learned in terms of how we sell
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืงื—ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“, ืื™ืš ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื
11:59
goods and services to the poor.
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ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื.
12:03
I want to end just by saying that there's enormous opportunity
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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจืช
12:08
to make poverty history.
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ืœืฉื™ื ืงืฅ ืœืขื•ื ื™.
12:10
To do it right, we have to build business models that matter,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื,
12:13
that are scaleable and that work with Africans, Indians,
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ื‘ืจื™-ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื•ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื, ื”ื•ื“ื™ื,
12:17
people all over the developing world
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ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—
12:19
who fit in this category, to do it themselves.
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ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
12:22
Because at the end of the day, it's about engagement.
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช.
12:25
It's about understanding that people really don't want handouts,
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื ื“ื‘ื•ืช,
12:28
that they want to make their own decisions;
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ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
12:30
they want to solve their own problems;
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
12:32
and that by engaging with them,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื,
12:34
not only do we create much more dignity for them,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื”ื,
12:37
but for us as well.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
12:39
And so I urge all of you to think next time
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ื“ื•ื—ืงืช ื‘ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืฉืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœื”ื‘ื
12:42
as to how to engage with this notion and this opportunity
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ืื™ืš ืืชื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
12:46
that we all have -- to make poverty history --
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ืฉืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•-- ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”--
12:49
by really becoming part of the process
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš,
12:51
and moving away from an us-and-them world,
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ืฉื ื ื˜ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ "ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ื”ื",
12:53
and realizing that it's about all of us,
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ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื•,
12:55
and the kind of world that we, together, want to live in and share.
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ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง.
12:58
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
12:59
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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