Jacqueline Novogratz: Investing in Africa's own solutions

22,964 views ใƒป 2007-01-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Inyoung Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gyoung-tae Kim
00:25
I want to start with a story, a la Seth Godin,
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Seth Godin ์‹์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
from when I was 12 years old.
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์ €๋Š” 12์„ธ ๋•Œ,
00:30
My uncle Ed gave me a beautiful blue sweater --
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์—๋“œ ์‚ผ์ดŒํ•œํ…Œ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์Šค์›จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
at least I thought it was beautiful.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์Šค์›จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:35
And it had fuzzy zebras walking across the stomach,
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๋ฐฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š” ์†œํ„ธ๋กœ ๋œ ์–ผ๋ฃฉ๋ง๋“ค์ด ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
00:38
and Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Meru were kind of
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๊ฐ€์Šด๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š” ํ‚ฌ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์ž๋กœ ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฉ”๋ฃจ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์˜
00:41
right across the chest, that were also fuzzy.
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๋ฌด๋Šฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์‹์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
And I wore it whenever I could,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ท์„ ํ‹ˆ๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ž…์—ˆ๊ณ ,
00:44
thinking it was the most fabulous thing I owned.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์˜ท์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:47
Until one day in ninth grade,
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9ํ•™๋…„(๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 1ํ•™๋…„) ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚ 
00:49
when I was standing with a number of the football players.
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๋ช‡ ๋ช…์˜ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ ์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
And my body had clearly changed, and Matt,
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ €์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€๊ณ ,
00:56
who was undeniably my nemesis in high school,
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜€๋˜ Matt Mussolina๋Š”
01:00
said in a booming voice that
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์ •๋ง ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:01
we no longer had to go far away to go on ski trips,
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šคํ‚ค์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค.
01:05
but we could all ski on Mount Novogratz.
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๋…ธ๋ณด๊ทธ๋ผ์ธ  ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์Šคํ‚ค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋ฉด ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ"
01:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:08
And I was so humiliated and mortified
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ฐฝํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตด์š•๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
that I immediately ran home to my mother and chastised her
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์Šค์›จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ฒŒ ํ•œ
01:15
for ever letting me wear the hideous sweater.
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ํ™”ํ’€์ด๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
We drove to the Goodwill and we threw the sweater away
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฟ์œŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ทธ ์Šค์›จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
somewhat ceremoniously,
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์ข€ ์œ ๋‚œ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์ฃ .
01:21
my idea being that I would never have to think about the sweater
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์Šค์›จํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์•ˆ ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜๊ณ 
01:24
nor see it ever again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:25
Fast forward -- 11 years later, I'm a 25-year-old kid.
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด์ฃ . 11๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„ ์ €๋Š” 25์‚ด์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
I'm working in Kigali, Rwanda, jogging through the steep slopes,
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๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„ ํ‚ค๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊น…์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:36
when I see, 10 feet in front of me, a little boy -- 11 years old --
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10 ํ”ผํŠธ (3m) ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ 11์‚ด์˜, ์ž‘์€ ์†Œ๋…„์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
running toward me, wearing my sweater.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ทธ ์Šค์›จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ์ œ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
And I'm thinking, no, this is not possible.
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์ €๋Š”, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:45
But so, curious, I run up to the child -- of course
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋…„์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ดค์ฃ .
01:49
scaring the living bejesus out of him --
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์„ธ์ƒ์—๋‚˜,
01:51
grab him by the collar, turn it over, and there is my name
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๊ทธ์˜ ์˜ท ๊นƒ์„ ์žก์•„ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
01:54
written on the collar of this sweater.
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์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์ ํ˜€์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
I tell that story, because it has served and continues to serve
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ
02:01
as a metaphor to me about the level of connectedness
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์–ด๋Š ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š”
02:05
that we all have on this Earth.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋น„์œ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
02:07
We so often don't realize what our action and our inaction
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:11
does to people we think we will never see and never know.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
I also tell it because it tells a larger contextual story
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํฐ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด,
02:18
of what aid is and can be.
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์›์กฐ๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€, ์›์กฐ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
That this traveled into the Goodwill in Virginia,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๊ตฟ์œŒ์—์„œ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์Šค์›จํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ—Œ ์˜ท๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒํ†ค์— ์ด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
and moved its way into the larger industry,
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์ด ์˜ท๋“ค์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜
02:27
which at that point was giving millions of tons of secondhand clothing to Africa and Asia.
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ํ˜„์ง€์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ”๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:31
Which was a very good thing, providing low cost clothing.
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์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ท์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€์š”. ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
And at the same time, certainly in Rwanda,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์—, ๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค์—์„œ๋Š”
02:37
it destroyed the local retailing industry.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ํ˜„์ง€ ์†Œ๋งค์—…์— ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ž…ํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Not to say that it shouldn't have,
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์ด๋ž˜์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€์š”.
02:41
but that we have to get better at answering the questions
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:44
that need to be considered when we think about consequences
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด์•ผํ• 
02:47
and responses.
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ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
So, I'm going to stick in Rwanda, circa 1985, 1986,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ €๋Š” 1986, 1986๋…„ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
where I was doing two things.
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
I had started a bakery with 20 unwed mothers.
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์ €๋Š” 20๋ช…์˜ ๋ฏธํ˜ผ๋ชจ์™€ ๋นต์ง‘์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
We were called the "Bad News Bears," and our notion was
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ Bad News Bears ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋…์€
03:00
we were going to corner the snack food business in Kigali,
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ํ‚ค๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ํ’ˆ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ค‘ ์Šค๋‚ต ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:03
which was not hard because there were no snacks before us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
And because we had a good business model, we actually did it,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:10
and I watched these women transform on a micro-level.
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20๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
But at the same time, I started a micro-finance bank,
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ €๋Š” ์†Œ์•ก๊ธˆ์œต๋Œ€์ถœ ์€ํ–‰์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
and tomorrow Iqbal Quadir is going to talk about Grameen,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด์ผ Iqbal Quadir์€ ์†Œ์•ก๊ธˆ์œต๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ
03:18
which is the grandfather of all micro-finance banks,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฏผ ์€ํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
which now is a worldwide movement -- you talk about a meme --
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์†Œ์•ก๊ธˆ์œต๋Œ€์ถœ์€ ์ด์ œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์šด๋™์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ . - ๋ฌธํ™”์š”์†Œ์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.-
03:24
but then it was quite new, especially in an economy
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
that was moving from barter into trade.
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๋ฌผ๋ฌผ๊ตํ™˜์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:30
We got a lot of things right.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
We focused on a business model; we insisted on skin in the game.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ดˆ์ฒจ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ , ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ํˆฌ์žํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
The women made their own decisions at the end of the day
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ์ง์›๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
as to how they would use this access to credit
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๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
to build their little businesses, earn more income
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์ž‘์€ ์žฅ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์ž…์œผ๋กœ
03:43
so they could take care of their families better.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์„ ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ๋ณด์‚ดํ•€๋‹ค๋˜๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์š”.
03:46
What we didn't understand, what was happening all around us,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์œ„์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
with the confluence of fear, ethnic strife
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๋ถˆ๊ธธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
and certainly an aid game, if you will, that was playing into
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๋ฏผ์กฑ๋ถ„์Ÿ๊ณผ ์›์กฐ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
04:02
this invisible but certainly palpable movement inside Rwanda,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:08
that at that time, 30 percent of the budget was all foreign aid.
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๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ 30%๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ ์›์กฐ์˜€์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:11
The genocide happened in 1994,
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1994๋…„ ์ง‘๋‹จ ํ•™์‚ดํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
seven years after these women all worked together
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 7๋…„ ํ›„, ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ฟˆ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:15
to build this dream.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ญ‰์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
And the good news was that the institution,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„,
04:19
the banking institution, lasted.
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์€ํ–‰ ์‹œ์„ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
In fact, it became the largest rehabilitation lender in the country.
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์€ ์ „๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์žฌํ™œ ์ „๋ฌธ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
The bakery was completely wiped out,
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๊ทธ ๋นต์ง‘์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ,
04:27
but the lessons for me were that accountability counts --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
04:32
got to build things with people on the ground,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ 
04:34
using business models where, as Steven Levitt would say,
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์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ๋ ˆ๋น—์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ
04:37
the incentives matter.
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๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Understand, however complex we may be, incentives matter.
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์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
So when Chris raised to me how wonderful everything
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
04:47
that was happening in the world,
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์‹œ๋Œ€์ •์‹ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:49
that we were seeing a shift in zeitgeist,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
04:51
on the one hand I absolutely agree with him,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ง์— ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
and I was so thrilled to see what happened with the G8 --
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G8์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ํฅ๋ถ„์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
that the world, because of people like Tony Blair and Bono
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G8 ํšŒ๋‹ด์—์„œ ํ† ๋‹ˆ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋…ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฅ ๊ฒ”๋„ํ”„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด
05:00
and Bob Geldof -- the world is talking about global poverty;
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์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์  ๋นˆ๊ณค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:04
the world is talking about Africa
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
05:06
in ways I have never seen in my life.
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์ „ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
05:08
It's thrilling.
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๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ํฅ๋ถ„ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
And at the same time, what keeps me up at night
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ €๋Š” G8 ํšŒ๋‹ด์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์—,
05:12
is a fear that we'll look at the victories of the G8 --
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์ž ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
50 billion dollars in increased aid to Africa,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€์›์— 500์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ ,
05:19
40 billion in reduced debt -- as the victory,
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400์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ ํƒ•๊ฐํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:22
as more than chapter one, as our moral absolution.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ '์Šน๋ฆฌ' ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋„๋•์ ์ธ ์šฉ์„œ๋กœ์„œ
05:26
And in fact, what we need to do is see that as chapter one,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ œ1์žฅ์„ ๋ง‰ ๋๋ƒˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
celebrate it, close it, and recognize that we need a chapter two
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1์žฅ์€ ๊ธฐ์œ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ซ๊ณ ,์ด์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ 2์žฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
that is all about execution, all about the how-to.
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์ œ 2์žฅ์€ ์‹คํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
And if you remember one thing from what I want to talk about today,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
05:40
it's that the only way to end poverty, to make it history,
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๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๋๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
05:44
is to build viable systems on the ground
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์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
that deliver critical and affordable goods and services to the poor,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์žฌํ™”์™€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ
05:51
in ways that are financially sustainable and scaleable.
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์žฌ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™•์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
If we do that, we really can make poverty history.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
And it was that -- that whole philosophy --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์›์กฐ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์€
06:00
that encouraged me to start my current endeavor
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„ํ๋ฏผ ํŽ€๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก
06:04
called "Acumen Fund,"
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ํž˜์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
which is trying to build some mini-blueprints
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์•„ํ๋ฏผ ํŽ€๋“œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„, ์ธ๋„, ์ผ€๋ƒ,
06:08
for how we might do that in water, health and housing
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ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๋“ฑ์ง€์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์งˆ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
06:11
in Pakistan, India, Kenya, Tanzania and Egypt.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒญ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
And I want to talk a little bit about that, and some of the examples,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ €ํฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
06:19
so you can see what it is that we're doing.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
But before I do this -- and this is another one of my pet peeves --
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ ํ•œ๋งˆ๋”” ํ•˜์ฃ . -- ์ €๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ --
06:24
I want to talk a little bit about who the poor are.
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๊ณผ์—ฐ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ž€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
06:26
Because we too often talk about them as these
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
06:30
strong, huge masses of people yearning to be free,
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๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ์ž์ฃผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
when in fact, it's quite an amazing story.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
On a macro level, four billion people on Earth make less than four dollars a day.
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๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ, ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 4๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๋Š” 40์–ต์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
That's who we talk about when we think about "the poor."
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์ด๋“ค์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
If you aggregate it, it's the third largest economy on Earth,
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์ด์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
and yet most of these people go invisible.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ˆˆ์— ์ž˜ ๋„์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
Where we typically work, there's people making between
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
06:53
one and three dollars a day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ 1~3๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
Who are these people?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
06:57
They are farmers and factory workers.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์žฅ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
They work in government offices. They're drivers.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šด์ „์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
They are domestics.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŒŒ์ถœ๋ถ€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
They typically pay for critical goods and services like water,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ, ์˜๋ฃŒ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
07:08
like healthcare, like housing, and they pay 30 to 40 times
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ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์žฌํ™”์™€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ
07:12
what their middleclass counterparts pay --
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์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ 30~40๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
certainly where we work in Karachi and Nairobi.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์นด๋ผ์น˜๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ๋น„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”์š”.
07:18
The poor also are willing to make, and do make, smart decisions,
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
if you give them that opportunity.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋งŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
07:24
So, two examples.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
One is in India, where there are 240 million farmers,
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์ธ๋„์—๋Š” 2์–ต 4์ฒœ๋งŒ์˜ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
most of whom make less than two dollars a day.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 2๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Where we work in Aurangabad, the land is extraordinarily parched.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” Aurangabad์˜ ํ† ์–‘์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”๋ง๋ผ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:35
You see people on average making 60 cents to a dollar.
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์ด๊ณณ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ‰๊ท  60์„ผํŠธ์—์„œ 1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
This guy in pink is a social entrepreneur named Ami Tabar.
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ํ•‘ํฌ์ƒ‰ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๋ฏธ ํƒ€๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
What he did was see what was happening in Israel, larger approaches,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์—์„œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์จ
07:45
and figure out how to do a drip irrigation,
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์‹๋ฌผ ์ค„๊ธฐ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š”
07:48
which is a way of bringing water directly to the plant stock.
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์ ์ ๊ด€๊ฐœ๋†์—…์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
But previously it's only been created for large-scale farms,
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์›๋ž˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋†์žฅ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
07:56
so Ami Tabar took this and modularized it down to an eighth of an acre.
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์•„๋ฏธ ํƒ€๋ฐ”๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 8๋ถ„์˜ 1 ์—์ด์ปค ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™” ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
A couple of principles:
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
build small.
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์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ
08:05
Make it infinitely expandable and affordable to the poor.
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๋ฌดํ•œํžˆ ํ™•์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งคํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๋“ฑ์ด์ฃ .
08:07
This family, Sarita and her husband, bought a 15-dollar unit
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค, ์‚ฌ๋ฆฌํƒ€์™€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ์€ 15๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”.
08:12
when they were living in a -- literally a three-walled lean-to
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฒฝ์€ ์„ธ๊ฐœ ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ  ํ•จ์„์ง€๋ถ•์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ง‘์—์„œ
08:15
with a corrugated iron roof.
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์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:18
After one harvest, they had increased their income enough
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1๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™•์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
08:22
to buy a second system to do their full quarter-acre.
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4๋ถ„์˜ 1 ์—์ด์ปค ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
A couple of years later, I meet them.
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๋ช‡ ๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ
08:27
They now make four dollars a day, which is pretty much middle class for India,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต ์ •๋„์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ํ•˜๋ฃจ 4๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ์–ด ๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
08:30
and they showed me the concrete foundation they had just laid
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
08:35
to build their house.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
And I swear, you could see the future in that woman's eyes.
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๋งน์ƒˆ์ปจ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์ € ์—ฌ์ธ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
Something I truly believe.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:41
You can't talk about poverty today without talking about malaria bed nets,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ ์—†์ด ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
and I again give Jeffrey Sachs of Harvard
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ ์‚ญ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ
08:47
huge kudos for bringing to the world
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๋‹จ๋ˆ 5๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹ ๋…์„
08:50
this notion of his rage -- for five dollars you can save a life.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์ „ํŒŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ฐฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
Malaria is a disease that kills one to three million people a year.
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ํ•œ ํ•ด ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์—์„œ 3๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์•—์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ
08:58
300 to 500 million cases are reported.
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3์–ต์—์„œ 5์–ต๊ฑด์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
It's estimated that Africa loses
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ๋งŒ ํ•œ ํ•ด
09:02
about 13 billion dollars a year to the disease.
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130์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
Five dollars can save a life.
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5๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
We can send people to the moon; we can see if there's life on Mars --
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ™”์„ฑ์— ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:09
why can't we get five-dollar nets to 500 million people?
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์™œ 5์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ๋ˆ 5๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:13
The question, though, is not "Why can't we?"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” '์™œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”๊ฐ€' ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
The question is how can we help Africans do this for themselves?
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'์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
A lot of hurdles.
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๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
One: production is too low. Two: price is too high.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
Three: this is a good road in -- right near where our factory is located.
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์…‹์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ข‹์€ ๊ธธ์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
Distribution is a nightmare, but not impossible.
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์œ ํ†ต์ด ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
We started by making a 350,000-dollar loan
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ „ํ†ต ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
09:37
to the largest traditional bed net manufacturer in Africa
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35๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์œต์žํ•˜๊ณ 
09:39
so that they could transfer technology from Japan
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์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ
09:44
and build these long-lasting, five-year nets.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ๋ฉด 5๋…„ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
Here are just some pictures of the factory.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
Today, three years later, the company has employed
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 3๋…„์ด ํ˜๋ €๊ณ , ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š”
09:51
another thousand women.
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์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋” ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
It contributes about 600,000 dollars in wages to the economy of Tanzania.
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์ด๋Š” ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— 60๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
It's the largest company in Tanzania.
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์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
The throughput rate right now is 1.5 million nets,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ 150๋งŒ๊ฐœ ์ •๋„์ด๋ฉฐ,
10:04
three million by the end of the year.
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์—ฐ๋ง์—๋Š” 300๋งŒ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
We hope to have seven million at the end of next year.
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๋‚ด๋…„ ์—ฐ๋ง์—๋Š” 700๋งŒ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
So the production side is working.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ์ž˜ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜
10:11
On the distribution side, though,
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์œ ํ†ต์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง
10:12
as a world, we have a lot of work to do.
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์•„์ง ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
Right now, 95 percent of these nets are being bought by the U.N.,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ 95ํผ์„ผํŠธ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์€ UN์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ
10:18
and then given primarily to people around Africa.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
10:22
We're looking at building
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ž์›์„
10:24
on some of the most precious resources of Africa: people.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
Their women.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
And so I want you to meet Jacqueline,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ €์™€ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๊ฐ™์€
10:31
my namesake, 21 years old.
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21์‚ด์˜ Jacqueline์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
If she were born anywhere else but Tanzania,
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๋งŒ์ผ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
10:35
I'm telling you, she could run Wall Street.
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ํ™•์–ธํ•˜๊ฑด๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์›”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
She runs two of the lines, and has already saved enough money
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 2๊ฐœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
10:41
to put a down payment on her house.
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๋ฒŒ์จ ์ง‘ ๋ณด์ฆ๊ธˆ์„ ๋Œˆ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
She makes about two dollars a day, is creating an education fund,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋ˆ์€ 2๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚จ์ง“์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ต์œกํŽ€๋“œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
10:47
and told me she is not marrying nor having children
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€
10:50
until these things are completed.
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์•„์ด๋„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
And so, when I told her about our idea --
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ --
10:55
that maybe we could take a Tupperware model from the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํƒ€ํŒŒ์›จ์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๊ฑด๋ฐ,
10:58
and find a way for the women themselves to go out
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€
11:01
and sell these nets to others --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ  --
11:03
she quickly started calculating what she herself could make
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ํ›„์—
11:06
and signed up.
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์‚ฌ์ธ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
We took a lesson from IDEO, one of our favorite companies,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ธ IDEO์—์„œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
and quickly did a prototyping on this,
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
11:15
and took Jacqueline into the area where she lives.
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Jacqueline์„ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
She brought 10 of the women with whom she interacts
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚ด๋Š” 10๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™€์„œ
11:22
together to see if she could sell these nets, five dollars apiece,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹น 5๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ํŒ” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
despite the fact that people say nobody will buy one,
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:27
and we learned a lot about how you sell things.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
Not coming in with our own notions,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ทจ์ง€๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
because she didn't even talk about malaria until the very end.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
First, she talked about comfort, status, beauty.
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์šฐ์„ , ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์•ˆ๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜ˆ์œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ,
11:37
These nets, she said, you put them on the floor, bugs leave your house.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ํŽผ์น˜๋ฉด ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์„ ๋– ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
11:40
Children can sleep through the night;
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐค์ƒˆ ํŽธํžˆ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
11:42
the house looks beautiful; you hang them in the window.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐฝ๊ฐ€์— ๊ฑธ์น˜๋ฉด ์ง‘์ด ๋”์šฑ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›Œ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:44
And we've started making curtains,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ปคํŠผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:46
and not only is it beautiful, but people can see status --
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์˜ˆ์˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„
11:50
that you care about your children.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
Only then did she talk about saving your children's lives.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ›„์—์•ผ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
A lot of lessons to be learned in terms of how we sell
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์žฌํ™”์™€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํŒ๋งคํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€
11:59
goods and services to the poor.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
I want to end just by saying that there's enormous opportunity
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์ €๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„
12:08
to make poverty history.
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๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋์„ ๋‚ผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
To do it right, we have to build business models that matter,
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๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
12:13
that are scaleable and that work with Africans, Indians,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ์ธ๋„ ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ™•์žฅ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
12:17
people all over the developing world
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์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:19
who fit in this category, to do it themselves.
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
Because at the end of the day, it's about engagement.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
It's about understanding that people really don't want handouts,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์‹์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
12:28
that they want to make their own decisions;
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
12:30
they want to solve their own problems;
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ณ 
12:32
and that by engaging with them,
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋กœ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
not only do we create much more dignity for them,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด์•ผ ๋ง๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
12:37
but for us as well.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:39
And so I urge all of you to think next time
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ์š”์ฒญ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
as to how to engage with this notion and this opportunity
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
12:46
that we all have -- to make poverty history --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ผ์›์ด ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
12:49
by really becoming part of the process
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๋นˆ๊ณค์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ
12:51
and moving away from an us-and-them world,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
and realizing that it's about all of us,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
12:55
and the kind of world that we, together, want to live in and share.
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๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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