Paul Romer: The world's first charter city?

48,159 views ใƒป 2011-06-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
In 2007,
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ื‘2007,
00:17
I decided that we needed to reconceptualize
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช
00:19
how we thought about economic development.
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ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™.
00:21
Our new goal should be
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
00:23
that when every family thinks about where they want to live and work,
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ืฉื›ืฉื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื’ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“,
00:26
they should be able to choose between
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ
00:28
at least a handful
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช
00:30
of different cities
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ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืขืจื™ื
00:32
that were all competing to attract new residents.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
00:35
Now we're a long way away from that goal right now.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืจื‘ ืžื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื–ื•.
00:38
There are billions of people in developing countries
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
00:41
who don't have even a single city that would be willing to welcome them.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื™ืจ ืื—ืช ืฉืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื.
00:44
But the amazing thing about cities
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืจื™ื
00:46
is they're worth so much more
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:48
than it costs to build them.
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ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
00:50
So we could easily supply the world
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช
00:53
with dozens, maybe hundreds,
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ืขืฉืจื•ืช, ืื•ืœื™ ืžืื•ืช,
00:55
of new cities.
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ืขืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
00:57
Now this might sound preposterous to you
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืžืข ืœื›ื ืžื’ื•ื—ืš
00:59
if you've never thought about new cities.
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ืื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
01:01
But just substitute apartment building for cities.
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ืื‘ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชื—ืœื™ืคื• ื‘ืชื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ื.
01:03
Imagine half the people who wanted to be in apartments already had them;
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชืŸ;
01:06
the other half aren't there yet.
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ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืฉื.
01:08
You could try and expand the capacity
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช
01:11
by doing additions on all the existing apartments.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
01:14
But you know what you'd run into
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืชืชืงืœื•
01:16
is those apartments and the surrounding areas
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ื‘ื• ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื•ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื
01:18
have rules to avoid discomfort
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ืื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช
01:20
and the distractions of construction.
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ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื”.
01:23
So it's extremely hard to do all of those additions.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
01:25
But you could go out someplace brand new,
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™,
01:27
build a brand new apartment building,
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ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ,
01:30
as long as the rules there
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื
01:32
were ones that facilitated construction
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ื”ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”
01:34
rather than getting in the way.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข.
01:36
So I proposed
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ืฆืขืชื™
01:38
that governments create new reform zones
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ืฉืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ืฆืจื• ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
01:41
big enough to hold cities
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ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืขืจื™ื
01:43
and gave them a name: charter cities.
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ื•ื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ืฉื: ืขืจื™ ืืžื ื”.
01:46
Later I learned that at about this same time,
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ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
01:48
Javier and Octavio
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ื—ืื‘ื™ื™ืจ ื•ืื•ืงื˜ื‘ื™ื•
01:50
were thinking about the challenge of reform
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืคื•ืจืžื”
01:52
in Honduras.
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ื‘ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก.
01:54
They knew that about 75,000 Hondurans every year
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ื”ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื‘ืขืจืš 75000 ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”
01:58
would leave to go to the United States,
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ื™ืขื–ื‘ื• ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
02:00
and they wanted to ask, what could they do
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ื•ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ืžื” ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
02:02
to make sure that those people could stay
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืืจ
02:04
and do the same things in Honduras.
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก.
02:07
At one point, Javier said to Octavio,
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช, ื—ืื‘ื™ื™ืจ ืืžืจ ืœืื•ืงื˜ื‘ื™ื•,
02:09
"What if we took some of our empty land --
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"ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ืจื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื• --
02:11
what if we just gave it to an embassy --
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ืžื” ืื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช --
02:13
give some to the U.S. embassy; give some to the Canadian embassy --
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ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืœืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืืจื”"ื‘; ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืœืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืงื ื“ื” --
02:16
and then if people want to go work
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ื•ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
02:18
under the rules of Canada or under the rules of the United States,
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ืชื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื ื“ื” ืื• ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘,
02:20
they can go get jobs,
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
02:22
do everything they do on those embassy grounds
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช
02:24
that they would otherwise have to go to Canada or the U.S. to do?"
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ืฉื”ื ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืจื”"ื‘ ืื• ืงื ื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?"
02:29
In the summer of 2009,
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ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 2009,
02:31
Honduras went through a wrenching constitutional crisis.
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืงืชื™ ืงืฉื”.
02:34
At the next regularly scheduled election,
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ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
02:37
Pepe Lobo won in a landslide
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ืคืคื” ืœื•ื‘ื• ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืฅ
02:39
on a platform that promised reform,
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ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื”,
02:42
but reconciliation as well.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืคื™ื•ืก.
02:45
He asked Octavio to be his chief of staff.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืื•ืงื˜ื‘ื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
02:49
Meanwhile, I was getting ready
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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืื ื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ืชื™
02:51
to give a talk at TEDGlobal.
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ืœืชืช ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘TEDGlobal.
02:53
Through a process of refinement,
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ื“ืจืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืขื™ื“ื•ืŸ,
02:55
trial and error, a lot of user testing,
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ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื˜ืขื™ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื,
02:58
I tried to boil this complicated concept of charter city
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื–ืงืง ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ ืืžื ื”
03:01
down to the bare essentials.
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ืœืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™.
03:05
The first point was the importance of rules,
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื,
03:07
like those rules that say
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื
03:09
you can't come in and disturb all the existing apartment holders.
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ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
03:12
We pay a lot of attention to new technologies,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืจื‘ื” ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
03:14
but it takes technologies and rules to get progress,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฆืจื™ืš ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช.
03:17
and it's usually the rules that hold us back.
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ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ืืœื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืงื“ื.
03:21
In the fall of 2010, a friend from Guatemala
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ื‘ืกืชื™ื• 2010, ื—ื‘ืจ ืžื’ื•ืื˜ืžืœื”
03:24
sent Octavio a link to the TEDTalk.
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ืฉืœื— ืœืื•ืงื˜ื‘ื™ื• ืœื™ื ืง ืœื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘TED.
03:27
He showed it to Javier.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ืื‘ื™ื™ืจ.
03:29
They called me.
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ื”ื ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ืืœื™.
03:31
They said, "Let's present this to the leaders of our country."
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ื•ืืžืจื•, "ื‘ื•ื ื ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืืจืฆื™ื ื•."
03:34
So in December we met in Miami,
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ืื– ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžื™ืืžื™,
03:37
in a hotel conference room.
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ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื•ืŸ.
03:39
I tried to explain this point
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช
03:41
about how valuable cities are,
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ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืขืจืš ื”ืขืจื™ื,
03:43
how much more valuable they are than they cost.
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ื›ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืจืš ื”ืŸ ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
03:45
And I used this slide
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ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
03:47
showing how valuable the raw land is
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ืฉืžืจืื” ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ืงืจืงืข
03:49
in a place like New York City:
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืžื• ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
03:51
notice, land that's worth thousands of dollars, in some cases,
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘, ืื“ืžื” ืฉืฉื•ื” ืืœืคื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื,
03:54
per square meter.
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ืœืžื˜ืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ืข.
03:56
But it was a fairly abstract discussion,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜,
03:59
and at some point when there was a pause,
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ื•ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืคื•ื’ื”,
04:02
Octavio said,
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ืื•ืงื˜ื‘ื™ื• ืืžืจ,
04:04
"Paul, maybe we could watch the TEDTalk."
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"ืคื•ืœ, ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘TED."
04:07
(Laughing)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:09
So the TEDTalk laid out in very simple terms,
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ืื– ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘TED ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืื•ื“,
04:12
a charter city is a place
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ืฉืขื™ืจ ืืžื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื
04:14
where you start with uninhabited land,
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ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืขื ืื“ืžื” ืœื ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช,
04:17
a charter that specifies the rules that will apply there
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ื•ืืžื ื” ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื—ืœื™ื ืฉื
04:20
and then a chance for people to opt in,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ,
04:22
to go live under those rules or not.
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ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืœื’ื•ืจ ืชื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืื• ืฉืœื.
04:26
So I was asked by the president of Honduras
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ืื– ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก
04:29
who said that we need to do this project,
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ืฉืืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”,
04:31
this is important,
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ืฉื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
04:33
this could be the way forward for our country.
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ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
04:36
I was asked to come to Tegucigalpa
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ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื˜ื’ื•ืกื™ื’ืœืคื”
04:38
and talk again on January fourth and fifth.
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ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ื•ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ.
04:41
So I presented
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ืื– ื”ืฆื’ืชื™
04:43
another fact-filled lecture
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ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจืฆืื” ืžืœืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช
04:45
that included a slide like this,
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ืฉื›ืœืœื” ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ื•,
04:47
which tried to make the point that, if you want to create a lot of value in a city,
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ืฉื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื”, ืฉืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืจืš ื‘ืขื™ืจ,
04:50
it has to be very big.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
04:52
This is a picture of Denver,
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ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื ื•ื•ืจ,
04:54
and the outline is the new airport that was built in Denver.
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ื•ืงื• ื”ืžืชืืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื“ื ื•ื•ืจ.
04:56
This airport alone
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ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“
04:58
covers more than 100 square kilometers.
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ืžื›ืกื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž100 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื.
05:00
So I was trying to persuade the Hondurans,
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ืื– ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก,
05:02
if you build a new city,
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ืฉืื ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื”,
05:04
you've got to start with a site that's at least 1,000 square kilometers.
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช 1000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื.
05:07
That's more than 250 hundred-thousand acres.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž250 ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืืงืจื™ื.
05:13
Everybody applauded politely.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ืื• ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื ื•ืžืกืช.
05:15
The faces in the audience
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ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ
05:17
were very serious and attentive.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืงืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
05:20
The leader of the congress came up on stage and said,
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืขืœื” ืœื‘ืžื” ื•ืืžืจ,
05:23
"Professor Romer, thank you very much for your lecture,
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"ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืจื•ืžืจ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœืš,
05:26
but maybe we could watch the TEDTalk.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื” ืžTED.
05:29
I've got it here on my laptop."
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื•ืชื” ืคื” ื‘ืœืคื˜ื•ืค."
05:33
So I sat down, and they played the TEDTalk.
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ืื– ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื•ื”ื ื”ืงืจื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”.
05:36
And it got to the essence,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืžืฆื™ืช,
05:38
which is that a new city could offer new choices for people.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืขื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื.
05:41
There would be a choice of a city which you could go to
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ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื”
05:43
which could be in Honduras,
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ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก,
05:45
instead of hundreds of miles away in the North.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฆืคื•ื ื”.
05:47
And it also involved new choices for leaders.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื.
05:49
Because the leaders in the government there in Honduras
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉื ื‘ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก
05:52
would need help from partner countries,
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ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืขื–ืจื” ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช,
05:54
who could benefit from partner countries
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช
05:56
who help them set up the rules in this charter and the enforcement,
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ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื”ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”,
05:59
so everybody can trust
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ืื– ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื
06:01
that the charter really will be enforced.
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ืฉื”ืืžื ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืชืื›ืฃ.
06:04
And the insight of President Lobo
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ื•ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื•ื‘ื•
06:06
was that that assurance of enforcement
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœืื›ื™ืคื”
06:09
that I was thinking about
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ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”
06:11
as a way to get the foreign investors to come in and build the city
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื”ื’ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ
06:14
could be equally important for all the different parties in Honduras
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืœื’ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก
06:17
who had suffered for so many years
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ืฉืกื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื
06:19
from fear and distrust.
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ืžืคื—ื“ ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืืžื•ืŸ.
06:21
We went and looked at a site.
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ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืืชืจ.
06:23
This picture's from there.
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื.
06:25
It easily could hold a thousand square kilometers.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืืœืฃ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื.
06:28
And shortly thereafter, on January 19th,
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ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื‘19 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ,
06:31
they voted in the congress to amend their constitution
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ื”ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ืฉืœื”ื
06:34
to have a constitutional provision
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ ื—ื•ืงืชื™
06:36
that allows for special development regions.
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื.
06:38
In a country which had just gone through this wrenching crisis,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืจืง ืขื‘ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ื–ื”,
06:41
the vote in the congress in favor of this constitutional amendment
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ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงืชื™ ื”ื–ื”
06:44
was 124 to one.
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ื”ื™ืชื” 124 ืœืื—ื“.
06:47
All parties, all factions in society, backed this.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื–ื”.
06:50
To be part of the constitution, you actually have to pass it twice in the congress.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืงื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก.
06:53
On February 17th they passed it again
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ื‘17 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ ื”ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘
06:56
with another vote of 114 to one.
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ืขื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 114 ืœืื—ื“.
06:59
Immediately after that vote,
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ืžื™ื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื”,
07:01
on February 21st to the 24th,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”21 ืœ 24 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ,
07:04
a delegation of about 30 Hondurans
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ืžืฉืœื—ืช ืฉืœ 30 ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืกื™ื
07:06
went to the two places in the world
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ื ืกืขื” ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
07:08
that are most interested in getting into the city building business.
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ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืขืกืง ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื.
07:10
One is South Korea.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจืื”.
07:12
This is a picture of a big, new city center
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ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ืขื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ
07:14
that's being built in South Korea --
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ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจืื” --
07:16
bigger than downtown Boston.
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ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืจื›ื– ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
07:18
Everything you see there was built in four years,
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื,
07:20
after they spent four years getting the permits.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
07:24
The other place that's very interested in city building is Singapore.
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ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืขืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ.
07:26
They've actually built two cities already in China
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ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืชื™ ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ
07:28
and are preparing the third.
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช.
07:30
So if you think about this practically,
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ืื– ืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืคืจืงื˜ื™ื•ืช,
07:32
here's where we are.
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ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื.
07:34
They've got a site; they're already thinking about this site for the second city.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืชืจ; ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉื ื™ื”.
07:37
They're putting in place a legal system
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ื”ื ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ืช
07:39
that could allow for managers to come in,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข,
07:41
and also an external legal system.
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ื•ื’ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช.
07:43
One country has already volunteered to let its supreme court
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ืืจืฅ ืื—ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”
07:46
be the court of final appeal for the new judicial system there.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืขืจืขื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉื.
07:49
There's designers and builders of cities
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ื™ืฉ ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื™ ืขืจื™ื
07:51
who are very interested.
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ืฉืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
07:53
They even can bring with them some financing.
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ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™.
07:55
But the one thing you know they've already solved
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืคืชืจื•
07:57
is that there's lots of tenants.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื.
07:59
There's lots of businesses that would like to locate in the Americas,
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžืงื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
08:02
especially in a place with a free trade zone,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื ืื–ื•ืจ ืกื—ืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™,
08:04
and there's lots of people who'd like to go there.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืจืฆื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉื
08:07
Around the world, there's 700 million people
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ 700 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
08:09
who say they'd like to move permanently someplace else right now.
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ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
08:12
There's a million a year
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ื™ืฉ ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื”
08:14
who leave Latin America to go to the United States.
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ืฉืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืจื”"ื‘.
08:16
Many of these are a father
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ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืื‘ื•ืช
08:18
who has to leave his family behind to go get a job --
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ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” --
08:20
sometimes a single mother
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช
08:22
who has to get enough money to even pay for food or clothing.
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืœื‘ื•ืฉ.
08:25
Sadly, sometimes there are even children
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ืœืฆืขืจื™ื ื•, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื
08:27
who are trying to get reunited with their parents
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ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืชืื—ื“ ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื
08:29
that they haven't seen, in some cases, for a decade.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ืจืื•, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื, ืขืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœื.
08:34
So what kind of an idea is it
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ืื– ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื”
08:36
to think about building a brand new city in Honduras?
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืขื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก?
08:38
Or to build a dozen of these,
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ืื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชืจื™ืกืจ ื›ืืœื”,
08:40
or a hundred of these, around the world?
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ืื• ืžืื” ื›ืืœื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื?
08:42
What kind of an idea is it
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ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื”
08:44
to think about insisting
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืงืฉื•ืช
08:46
that every family have a choice of several cities
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ืฉืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืขืจื™ื
08:49
that are competing to attract new residents?
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ืฉืžืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื?
08:52
This is an idea worth spreading.
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ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ื” ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ.
08:55
And my friends from Honduras
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ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก
08:57
asked me to say thank you, TED.
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืžื ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืชื•ื“ื”, TED.
08:59
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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