Naomi Klein: Addicted to risk

90,609 views ใƒป 2011-01-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
I just did something I've never done before.
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™.
00:18
I spent a week at sea on a research vessel.
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ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืกืคื™ื ืช ืžื—ืงืจ.
00:21
Now I'm not a scientist,
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ืื ื™ ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžื“ืขื ื™ืช,
00:23
but I was accompanying a remarkable scientific team
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ืืš ื”ืชืœื•ื•ื” ืืœื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื
00:26
from the University of South Florida
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ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื“ืจื•ื ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”
00:28
who have been tracking the travels of BP's oil
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ืฉื”ืชื—ืงื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™-ืคื™
00:31
in the Gulf of Mexico.
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ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
00:33
This is the boat we were on, by the way.
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ืื’ื‘, ื–ื• ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”.
00:36
The scientists I was with
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ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉืขื™ืžื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™
00:38
were not studying the effect of the oil and dispersants on the big stuff --
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ืœื ื—ืงืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ืžื“ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœื•
00:41
the birds, the turtles,
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ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื-- ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืฆื‘ื™ื,
00:43
the dolphins, the glamorous stuff.
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ื”ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื, ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
00:45
They're looking at the really little stuff
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ื”ื ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžืื“
00:48
that gets eaten by the slightly less little stuff
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ืฉื ื˜ืจืคื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื
00:51
that eventually gets eaten by the big stuff.
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ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื˜ืจืคื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
00:54
And what they're finding
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื
00:56
is that even trace amounts of oil and dispersants
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื™ืจื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ ื•ืžื“ืœืœื™ื
00:59
can be highly toxic to phytoplankton,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™,
01:01
which is very bad news,
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ื•ืืœื• ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ืžืื“,
01:03
because so much life depends on it.
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•.
01:06
So contrary to what we heard a few months back
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื” ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
01:08
about how 75 percent of that oil
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ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉ-75% ืžื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื–ื”
01:10
sort of magically disappeared
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ื ืขืœื ื‘ืื•ืจื—-ืคืœื
01:12
and we didn't have to worry about it,
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ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•,
01:14
this disaster is still unfolding.
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ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœ.
01:17
It's still working its way up the food chain.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืคืœืก ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ืžืขืœื” ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
01:20
Now this shouldn't come as a surprise to us.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข ืืชื›ื.
01:23
Rachel Carson --
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ืจื™ื™ืฆ'ืœ ืงืจืกื•ืŸ--
01:25
the godmother of modern environmentalism --
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ื”ืกื ื“ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช--
01:27
warned us about this very thing
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ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”
01:29
back in 1962.
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ืขื•ื“ ื‘-1962.
01:31
She pointed out that the "control men" --
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ื”ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื--
01:33
as she called them --
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ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ื ืชื” ืื•ืชื--
01:35
who carpet-bombed towns and fields
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ืฉืฉื™ื’ืจื• ื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช-ืฉื˜ื™ื— ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืฉื“ื•ืช
01:37
with toxic insecticides like DDT,
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ื•ืคื™ื–ืจื• ืžื“ื‘ื™ืจื™ ื—ืจืงื™ื ืจืขื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ื“ื™-ื“ื™-ื˜ื™,
01:40
were only trying to kill the little stuff, the insects,
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ื ื™ืกื• ืจืง ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืืช ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื,
01:43
not the birds.
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ื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
01:45
But they forgot this:
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ื–ื”:
01:47
the fact that birds dine on grubs,
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ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืช ื–ื—ืœื™ื,
01:49
that robins eat lots of worms
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ืฉืื“ื•ืžื™-ื—ื–ื” ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืชื•ืœืขื™ื
01:51
now saturated with DDT.
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ืฉื”ืชืžืœืื• ื›ืขืช ื‘ื“ื™-ื“ื™-ื˜ื™.
01:54
And so, robin eggs failed to hatch,
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ืื– ื‘ื™ืฆื™ ืื“ื•ืžื™-ื”ื—ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืงืขื•,
01:57
songbirds died en masse,
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ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืžืชื• ื‘ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื”ืŸ,
01:59
towns fell silent.
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ื”ืขืจื™ื ื ื“ืžื•,
02:01
Thus the title "Silent Spring."
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ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช "ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉืงื˜."
02:05
I've been trying to pinpoint
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง
02:07
what keeps drawing me back to the Gulf of Mexico,
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ืžื”ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืคืจืฅ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
02:09
because I'm Canadian,
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ื”ืœื ืื ื™ ืงื ื“ื™ืช,
02:11
and I can draw no ancestral ties.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื.
02:13
And I think what it is
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื
02:15
is I don't think we have fully come to terms
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ืฉื˜ืจื ืงืœื˜ื ื• ื‘ืžืœื•ืื”
02:18
with the meaning of this disaster,
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ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
02:21
with what it meant to witness a hole
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ืขื ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ืจ
02:24
ripped in our world,
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ืฉื—ืคืจื• ืœื ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืขื•ืœื,
02:26
with what it meant to watch the contents of the Earth
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ืขื ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
02:29
gush forth on live TV,
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ืžืชืคืจืฆืช ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื™ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”
02:31
24 hours a day,
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24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžืžื”
02:33
for months.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
02:35
After telling ourselves for so long
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืกื™ืคืจื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ืจื‘
02:38
that our tools and technology can control nature,
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ืฉื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข,
02:41
suddenly we were face-to-face
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ืื ื• ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืœืคืชืข ืคื ื™ื-ืืœ-ืคื ื™ื
02:43
with our weakness,
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ืขื ื—ื•ืœืฉืชื ื•,
02:45
with our lack of control,
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ืขื ืื•ื–ืœืช ื™ื“ื™ื ื•,
02:47
as the oil burst out
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ืคื˜ ืคื•ืจืฅ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
02:49
of every attempt to contain it --
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ืžื›ืœ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœื•--
02:52
"top hats," "top kills"
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืกื•ืœื, ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื.
02:54
and, most memorably, the "junk shot" --
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ืจืื•ื™ ืžืื“ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื›ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช--
02:56
the bright idea
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืง
02:58
of firing old tires and golf balls
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ ื’ื•ืœืฃ
03:01
down that hole in the world.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื—ืคืจื• ืœื ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืขื•ืœื.
03:03
But even more striking
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ืืš ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”
03:05
than the ferocious power emanating from that well
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ืžื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ืคืจืื™ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืงืขืช ืžื”ื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื™ื,
03:08
was the recklessness
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืคื–ื™ื–ื•ืช
03:10
with which that power was unleashed --
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ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื” ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื–ื•--
03:12
the carelessness, the lack of planning
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ื”ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ,
03:15
that characterized the operation
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ืฉืื™ืคื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื›ื•ืœื•
03:17
from drilling to clean-up.
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื— ื•ืขื“ ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™.
03:20
If there is one thing
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ืื ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“
03:22
BP's watery improv act made clear,
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ืฉืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™-ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื”,
03:25
it is that, as a culture,
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ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื•, ื›ืชืจื‘ื•ืช,
03:27
we have become far too willing to gamble
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ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืจ
03:29
with things that are precious
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ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื
03:31
and irreplaceable,
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ื•ื—ืกืจื™ ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ--
03:33
and to do so without a back-up plan,
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืœื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™,
03:36
without an exit strategy.
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ืœืœื ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ื˜.
03:38
And BP was hardly
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ื•ื‘ื™-ืคื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื”
03:40
our first experience of this in recent years.
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ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
03:42
Our leaders barrel into wars,
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื• ืžืžื”ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืœื—ืžื•ืช,
03:44
telling themselves happy stories
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ื•ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืžื—ื•ืช
03:46
about cakewalks and welcome parades.
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ืขืœ ืžืกื“ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฆืขื“ื™ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ,
03:49
Then, it is years of deadly damage control,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื,
03:52
Frankensteins of sieges and surges
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ื”ืคืจื ืงื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžืจื“
03:55
and counter-insurgencies,
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ื•ืžืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื“,
03:57
and once again, no exit strategy.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืžื™ืœื•ื˜.
04:00
Our financial wizards routinely fall victim
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ื”ืืฉืคื™ื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื“ืจืš-ืงื‘ืข
04:03
to similar overconfidence,
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ืœืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ-ื™ืชืจ,
04:05
convincing themselves that the latest bubble
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ืžืฉื›ื ืขื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืฉื”ื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
04:07
is a new kind of market --
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืง ืžืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ--
04:09
the kind that never goes down.
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ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜.
04:11
And when it inevitably does,
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ื•ื›ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืžื ืข,
04:13
the best and the brightest
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ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื
04:15
reach for the financial equivalent of the junk shot --
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ืžื ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ ืคืกื•ืœืช--
04:17
in this case, throwing massive amounts
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ื”ืฉืœื›ืช ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช
04:19
of much-needed public money
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ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืจื‘-ืขืจืš
04:21
down a very different kind of hole.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
04:24
As with BP, the hole does get plugged,
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™-ืคื™, ื”ื‘ื•ืจ ืื›ืŸ ื ืกืชื,
04:26
at least temporarily,
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ืช,
04:28
but not before
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ืืš ืœื ืœืคื ื™
04:30
exacting a tremendous price.
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ืฉื’ื‘ื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ.
04:32
We have to figure out
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
04:34
why we keep letting this happen,
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ,
04:36
because we are in the midst
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื•
04:38
of what may be our highest-stakes gamble of all --
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื›ื•ืœื:
04:41
deciding what to do, or not to do,
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ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืื• ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
04:43
about climate change.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
04:45
Now as you know,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
04:47
a great deal of time is spent,
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ืžื•ืฉืงืข ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘,
04:49
in this country and around the world,
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ื‘ืืจืฅ ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
04:51
inside the climate debate,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
04:53
on the question of, "What if the IPC scientists
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ื‘ืฉืืœื”, "ืžื” ืื ืžื“ืขื ื™ ื”ืื™ื™-ืคื™-ืกื™
04:56
are all wrong?"
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ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื›ื•ืœื?"
04:58
Now a far more relevant question --
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ืืš ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”--
05:00
as MIT physicist Evelyn Fox Keller puts it --
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ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ืช ืื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืคื•ืงืก ืžืื-ืื™ื™-ื˜ื™--
05:03
is, "What if those scientists are right?"
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ื”ื™ื, "ืžื” ืื ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื?"
05:08
Given the stakes, the climate crisis
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ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
05:10
clearly calls for us to act
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ืชื•ื‘ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ืคืขืœ
05:12
based on the precautionary principle --
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ืœืคื™ "ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช"--
05:15
the theory that holds
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ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขืช
05:17
that when human health and the environment
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
05:19
are significantly at risk
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ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
05:21
and when the potential damage is irreversible,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื–ืง ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™-ื”ืคื™ืš,
05:24
we cannot afford to wait
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืœื—ื›ื•ืช
05:26
for perfect scientific certainty.
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ืœื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช.
05:28
Better to err on the side of caution.
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ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœืฉื’ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
05:31
More overt, the burden of proving
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ื›ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”
05:33
that a practice is safe
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ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—
05:35
should not be placed on the public that would be harmed,
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ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื•,
05:38
but rather on the industry that stands to profit.
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ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื›ืš.
05:42
But climate policy in the wealthy world --
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ืืš ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืืงืœื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ--
05:44
to the extent that such a thing exists --
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”--
05:47
is not based on precaution,
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ืื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
05:49
but rather on cost-benefit analysis --
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ืืœื ืขืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืขืœื•ืช-ืจื•ื•ื—--
05:52
finding the course of action that economists believe
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ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื
05:54
will have the least impact
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ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืคื—ื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:56
on our GDP.
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ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
05:58
So rather than asking, as precaution would demand,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
06:01
what can we do as quickly as possible
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ืžื” ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ
06:03
to avoid potential catastrophe,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช,
06:06
we ask bizarre questions like this:
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ืื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ื•:
06:09
"What is the latest possible moment we can wait
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"ืžื”ื• ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืขื•ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช
06:12
before we begin seriously lowering emissions?
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ื‘ื˜ืจื ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช?
06:15
Can we put this off till 2020,
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2020,
06:17
2030, 2050?"
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2030, 2050?"
06:20
Or we ask,
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ืื• ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•:
06:22
"How much hotter can we let the planet get
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"ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื”ืชื—ืžื
06:24
and still survive?
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ื•?
06:26
Can we go with two degrees, three degrees, or --
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ืขื 2 ืžืขืœื•ืช, 3 ืžืขืœื•ืช, ืื•--
06:28
where we're currently going --
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•--
06:30
four degrees Celsius?"
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ืืจื‘ืข ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก?"
06:32
And by the way,
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘,
06:34
the assumption that we can safely control
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ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
06:36
the Earth's awesomely complex climate system
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
06:39
as if it had a thermostat,
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชืจืžื•ืกื˜ื˜,
06:41
making the planet not too hot, not too cold,
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ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื ืžื“ื™ ืื• ืงืจ ืžื“ื™,
06:44
but just right -- sort of Goldilocks style --
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ืืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื-- ืจืื• "ื–ื”ื‘ื” ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื“ื•ื‘ื™ื"--
06:47
this is pure fantasy,
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ื”ื™ื ืืฉืœื™ื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”,
06:49
and it's not coming from the climate scientists.
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ื•ืœื ืžื“ืขื ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ืืช;
06:52
It's coming from the economists
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ืืœื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื
06:54
imposing their mechanistic thinking
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ืฉื›ื•ืคื™ื ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ืชื ื”ืžื›ื ื™ืช
06:56
on the science.
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืข.
06:58
The fact is that we simply don't know
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
07:00
when the warming that we create
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ืžืชื™ ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื
07:02
will be utterly overwhelmed
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ืชื™ืžื—ืฅ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช-ื ื’ื“
07:04
by feedback loops.
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ืฉืœ ืœื•ืœืื•ืช ื”ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ.
07:06
So once again,
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘,
07:08
why do we take these crazy risks
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื”ืืœื”
07:10
with the precious?
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™-ืขืจืš?
07:12
A range of explanations
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ืงืฉืช ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื
07:14
may be popping into your mind by now,
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ืขืœืชื” ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืขืชื›ื,
07:16
like "greed."
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ื›ืžื• ืชืื•ื•ืช-ื‘ืฆืข.
07:18
This is a popular explanation, and there's lots of truth to it,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืžืช.
07:21
because taking big risks, as we all know,
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ื›ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•,
07:24
pays a lot of money.
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ืžืฉืชืœืžืช ืžืื“ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช.
07:26
Another explanation that you often hear for recklessness
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ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืืชื ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืคื–ื™ื–ื•ืช
07:28
is hubris.
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ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืคืจื–.
07:30
And greed and hubris
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ื•ืชืื•ื•ืช-ื‘ืฆืข ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืคืจื–
07:32
are intimately intertwined
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ืฉื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืื“ ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”
07:34
when it comes to recklessness.
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื–ื™ื–ื•ืช.
07:36
For instance, if you happen to be a 35-year-old banker
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ืืชื” ื‘ื ืงืื™ ื‘ืŸ 35
07:39
taking home 100 times more
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ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืคื™ 100
07:41
than a brain surgeon,
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ืžืืฉืจ ืžื ืชื—-ืžื•ื—,
07:43
then you need a narrative,
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ืืชื” ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืชื™ืจื•ืฅ,
07:45
you need a story
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ืœืื™ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
07:47
that makes that disparity okay.
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ืฉื™ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื”.
07:49
And you actually don't have a lot of options.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
07:52
You're either an incredibly good scammer,
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ืื• ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขื•ืœื”,
07:55
and you're getting away with it -- you gamed the system --
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ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื ืœื”ื™ืชืคืก-- ืืชื” ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช--
07:57
or you're some kind of boy genius,
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ืื• ืฉืืชื” ืื™ื–ื” ื™ืœื“-ืคืœื,
07:59
the likes of which the world has never seen.
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ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื˜ืจื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•ืชื•.
08:02
Now both of these options -- the boy genius and the scammer --
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ืฉืชื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื™ืœื“ ื”ืคืœื ื•ื”ื ื•ื›ืœ,
08:05
are going to make you vastly overconfident
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ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœืš ืขื•ื“ืฃ-ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื
08:07
and therefore more prone
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื’ื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื ื˜ื™ื™ืชืš
08:09
to taking even bigger risks in the future.
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ืœืงื—ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
08:13
By the way, Tony Hayward, the former CEO of BP,
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ืื’ื‘, ื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื•ื•ืจื“, ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™-ืคื™,
08:16
had a plaque on his desk
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ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืฉืœื˜ ืงื˜ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•
08:18
inscribed with this inspirational slogan:
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ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื—ืจื•ืชื” ื”ืกื™ืกืžื” ืจื‘ืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”:
08:20
"What would you attempt to do
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"ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื ืกื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช
08:22
if you knew you could not fail?"
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ืื™ืœื• ื™ื“ืขืช ืฉืœื ืชื™ื›ืฉืœ?"
08:25
Now this is actually a popular plaque,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื”ื• ืฉืœื˜ ื ืคื•ืฅ ืžืื“,
08:28
and this is a crowd of overachievers,
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื’ื ื™-ื™ืชืจ,
08:30
so I'm betting that some of you have this plaque.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ืฉืœืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื˜ ื›ื–ื”.
08:33
Don't feel ashamed.
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ืืœ ืชืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•.
08:35
Putting fear of failure out of your mind
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ื”ื“ื—ืงืช ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ
08:37
can be a very good thing
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื“
08:39
if you're training for a triathlon
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ืื ืืชื ืžืชืืžื ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ืงืจื‘-ืฉืœื•ืฉ
08:41
or preparing to give a TEDTalk,
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ืื• ืœืชืช ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘-TED,
08:44
but personally, I think people with the power
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ืืš ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื•ื—
08:46
to detonate our economy and ravage our ecology
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ืœืคื•ืฆืฅ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•
08:49
would do better having
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ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื—ื–ื™ืงื•
08:51
a picture of Icarus hanging from the wall,
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ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืงืจื•ืก ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ,
08:53
because -- maybe not that one in particular --
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ืžืคื ื™-- ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•--
08:56
but I want them thinking about the possibility of failure
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ื”ืจื”ืจื• ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ
08:59
all of the time.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
09:01
So we have greed,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชืื•ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืข,
09:03
we've got overconfidence/hubris,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืคืจื–,
09:05
but since we're here at TEDWomen,
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ืืš ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืขืช ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ื ืก ื”ื ืฉื™ื TEDWomen,
09:07
let's consider one other factor
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ
09:09
that could be contributing in some small way
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืื•ืœื™ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™
09:11
to societal recklessness.
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ืœืคื™ื–ื™ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืชื ื•.
09:15
Now I'm not going to belabor this point,
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš,
09:17
but studies do show that, as investors,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ืฉื›ืžืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช,
09:19
women are much less prone
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ื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช
09:21
to taking reckless risks than men,
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ืœื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื ืžื”ืจื™ื, ืžืืฉืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื,
09:24
precisely because, as we've already heard,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื”, ืฉื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขื ื•,
09:26
women tend not to suffer from overconfidence
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ื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืคืจื–
09:29
in the same way that men do.
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ื›ืžื• ืืฆืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
09:31
So it turns out
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ืื– ืžืกืชื‘ืจ
09:33
that being paid less and praised less
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ืฉืœืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื•ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืชื™ื
09:35
has its upsides --
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ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช--
09:37
for society at least.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
09:39
The flipside of this
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ืžืื™ื“ืš,
09:41
is that constantly being told
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ืื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืš
09:43
that you are gifted, chosen
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ืฉืืชื” ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ, ื ื‘ื—ืจ,
09:45
and born to rule
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ื•ื ื•ืœื“ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜,
09:47
has distinct societal downsides.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ื.
09:50
And this problem -- call it the "perils of privilege" --
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•-- ืงื™ืจืื• ืœื” ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืชืจ--
09:53
brings us closer, I think,
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ืžืงืจื‘ืช ืื•ืชื ื•, ืœื“ืขืชื™,
09:55
to the root of our collective recklessness.
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ืœืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ืคื–ื™ื–ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
09:58
Because none of us -- at least in the global North --
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ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืชื ื•-- ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™--
10:00
neither men nor women,
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ื ืฉื™ื ื›ื’ื‘ืจื™ื,
10:02
are fully exempt from this message.
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ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื–ื”.
10:05
Here's what I'm talking about.
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ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœื›ืš:
10:07
Whether we actively believe them
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืื ื• ืžืื“ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื,
10:09
or consciously reject them,
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ืื• ื“ื•ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข,
10:11
our culture remains in the grips
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ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื ื• ื ื•ืชืจืช ืœื›ื•ื“ื”
10:13
of certain archetypal stories
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ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ื™ืคื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื
10:15
about our supremacy
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ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืชื ื•
10:17
over others and over nature --
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื˜ื‘ืข.
10:19
the narrative of the newly discovered frontier
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ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ื ืชื’ืœื”
10:22
and the conquering pioneer,
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ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ,
10:24
the narrative of manifest destiny,
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ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ,
10:26
the narrative of apocalypse and salvation.
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ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”.
10:28
And just when you think these stories are fading into history,
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ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื ื—ืœืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ,
10:30
and that we've gotten over them,
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ื•ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื,
10:32
they pop up in the strangest places.
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ื”ื ืฆืฆื™ื ืœื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:35
For instance, I stumbled across this advertisement
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ื”ื–ื•
10:37
outside the women's washroom
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื
10:39
in the Kansas City airport.
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ื‘ื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืงื ื–ืก ืกื™ื˜ื™.
10:41
It's for Motorola's new Rugged cell phone,
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ื–ื• ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื•ืœื”,
10:43
and yes, it really does say,
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”,
10:45
"Slap Mother Nature in the face."
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"ืœืชืช ืœืืžื-ื˜ื‘ืข ืกื˜ื™ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ."
10:47
And I'm not just showing it to pick on Motorola --
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื˜ืคืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื•ืœื”--
10:49
that's just a bonus.
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ื–ื” ืกืชื ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก.
10:51
I'm showing it because --
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ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™--
10:53
they're not a sponsor, are they? --
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ื”ื ืœื ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื—ืกื•ืช ื›ืืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?--
10:55
because, in its own way,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื,
10:57
this is a crass version
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื’ืกื” ื•ืžื˜ื•ืžื˜ืžืช
10:59
of our founding story.
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ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ื™ืกื•ื“ื ื•.
11:01
We slapped Mother Nature around and won,
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ืกื˜ืจื ื• ืœืืžื-ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื ื™ืฆื—ื ื•.
11:03
and we always win,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื,
11:05
because dominating nature is our destiny.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื ื•.
11:08
But this is not the only fairytale we tell ourselves about nature.
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ืืš ื–ื• ืœื ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื•
11:11
There's another one, equally important,
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื˜ื‘ืข. ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืช, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื”-ื‘ืžื™ื“ื”,
11:14
about how that very same Mother Nature
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ืฉืžืกืคืจืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื•ืชื” ืืžื-ื˜ื‘ืข
11:16
is so nurturing and so resilient
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื” ืžื–ื™ื ื” ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื”
11:19
that we can never make a dent in her abundance.
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ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžื”ืฉืคืข ืฉืœื”.
11:22
Let's hear from Tony Hayward again.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืช ื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื•ื•ืจื“.
11:24
"The Gulf of Mexico is a very big ocean.
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"ืžืคืจืฅ ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“.
11:27
The amount of oil and dispersants that we are putting into it
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ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ืžื“ืœืœื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื
11:30
is tiny in relation to the total water volume."
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ื”ื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืกืš ื›ืœ ื ืคื— ื”ืžื™ื."
11:33
In other words, the ocean is big;
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ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ;
11:35
she can take it.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืš.
11:38
It is this underlying assumption of limitlessness
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ื–ื• ืื•ืชื” ื”ื ื—ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช
11:41
that makes it possible
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื•
11:43
to take the reckless risks that we do.
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ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืคื–ื™ื–ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
11:46
Because this is our real master-narrative:
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ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœื ื•:
11:49
however much we mess up,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื‘ืœื’ืŸ ื ืขืฉื”,
11:51
there will always be more --
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“--
11:53
more water, more land,
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ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ื, ืขื•ื“ ืื“ืžื”,
11:56
more untapped resources.
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ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืœื•.
11:58
A new bubble will replace the old one.
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ื‘ื•ืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืชื‘ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื”.
12:00
A new technology will come along
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ืชื•ืคื™ืข ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
12:02
to fix the messes we made with the last one.
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ืฉืชืกื“ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื’ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืจื ื• ืขื ื–ื• ืฉืงื“ืžื” ืœื”.
12:05
In a way, that is the story
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื–ื”ื• ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
12:07
of the settling of the Americas,
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ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื•ืช,
12:09
the supposedly inexhaustible frontier
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ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ื“ืœื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื”
12:11
to which Europeans escaped.
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ืฉืืœื™ื• ื ืžืœื˜ื• ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื.
12:14
And it's also the story of modern capitalism,
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.
12:17
because it was the wealth from this land
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ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช
12:19
that gave birth to our economic system,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
12:22
one that cannot survive without perpetual growth
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ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื ืฆื—ื™ืช
12:25
and an unending supply
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ื•ืืกืคืงื” ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช
12:27
of new frontiers.
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ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
12:29
Now the problem is
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื
12:31
that the story was always a lie.
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ืฉื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืื– ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืงืจ.
12:33
The Earth always did have limits.
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ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช,
12:35
They were just beyond our sights.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ.
12:37
And now we are hitting those limits
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืืœ ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
12:39
on multiple fronts.
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ื•ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืชื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
12:42
I believe that we know this,
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช,
12:44
yet we find ourselves trapped in a kind of narrative loop.
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ืืš ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ืงืกืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื’ื“ื•ืช.
12:47
Not only do we continue to tell and retell
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘
12:50
the same tired stories,
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ืืช ืื•ืชื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื™ื’ืขื™ื,
12:52
but we are now doing so
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ืืœื ืฉื›ืขืช ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช
12:54
with a frenzy and a fury
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ื‘ืงื“ื—ืชื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื–ืขื
12:56
that, frankly, verges on camp.
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ืฉื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ื’ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื’ื™ื—ื•ืš.
12:59
How else to explain the cultural space
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ืื—ืจืช ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™
13:02
occupied by Sarah Palin?
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ืฉืžืื•ื›ืœืก ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืจื” ืคื™ื™ืœื™ืŸ.
13:04
Now on the one hand,
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ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“,
13:06
exhorting us to "drill, baby, drill,"
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ืœื”ื˜ื™ืฃ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืงื“ื•ื—,
13:08
because God put those resources into the ground
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ื›ื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืื“ืžื”
13:11
in order for us to exploit them,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื ืฆืœ ืื•ืชื,
13:14
and on the other, glorying in the wilderness
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ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืœื”ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืžืžื”
13:17
of Alaska's untouched beauty
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ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืืœืกืงื”
13:19
on her hit reality TV show.
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ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช-ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ืฉืœื”.
13:22
The twin message is as comforting as it is mad.
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ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืกืจื™ื ืžื ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื”-ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ืžื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื.
13:25
Ignore those creeping fears
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ืชืชืขืœืžื• ืžื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืงื ื ื™ื
13:27
that we have finally hit the wall.
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจ.
13:29
There are still no limits.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช.
13:31
There will always be another frontier.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ.
13:34
So stop worrying and keep shopping.
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ืื– ืชืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื•ืชืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืงื ื•ืช.
13:37
Now, would that this were just about
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ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืืš ื•ืจืง
13:39
Sarah Palin and her reality TV show.
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ื‘ืฉืจื” ืคื™ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
13:41
In environmental circles,
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ื‘ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
13:43
we often hear that, rather than shifting to renewables,
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ืื ื• ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
13:46
we are continuing with business as usual.
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ืื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืขื ื’ื™ืฉืช ื”"ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ".
13:49
This assessment, unfortunately,
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ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ,
13:51
is far too optimistic.
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช.
13:53
The truth is that we have already exhausted
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ืœื™ื ื•
13:56
so much of the easily accessible fossil fuels
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืงืœื™-ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
13:59
that we have already entered
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ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื ื•
14:01
a far riskier business era,
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ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ืขื™ืกืงื™ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”,
14:04
the era of extreme energy.
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ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช.
14:06
So that means drilling for oil in the deepest water,
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืงื™ื“ื•ื—ื™-ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืขืžื•ืงื™ื,
14:09
including the icy Arctic seas,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืงืคื•ืื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™
14:11
where a clean-up may simply be impossible.
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ื•ืœื ืงื•ืช ืฉื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืคืฉืจื™.
14:14
It means large-scale hydraulic fracking for gas
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ืกืœืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื–
14:17
and massive strip-mining operations for coal,
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ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืคื—ื.
14:19
the likes of which we haven't yet seen.
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ื‘ืงื ื™-ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื˜ืจื ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ืžื•ืชื.
14:22
And most controversially, it means the tar sands.
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืคืช.
14:25
I'm always surprised by how little
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืคืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืžืขื˜
14:27
people outside of Canada
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืงื ื“ื”
14:29
know about the Alberta Tar Sands,
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ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืคืช ืฉืœ ืืœื‘ืจื˜ื”.
14:31
which this year are projected to become
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ืฉื”ืฉื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช
14:33
the number one source of imported oil
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ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžืก' ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ ืžื™ื•ื‘ื
14:36
to the United States.
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ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
14:38
It's worth taking a moment to understand this practice,
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ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืจื’ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื–ื•,
14:41
because I believe it speaks to recklessness
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืžื—ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืคื–ื™ื–ื•ืช
14:43
and the path we're on
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ื•ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื
14:45
like little else.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
14:47
So this is where the tar sands live,
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ื›ืืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืคืช,
14:50
under one of the last magnificent
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ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื
14:52
Boreal forests.
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ืฉื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื’ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™.
14:54
The oil is not liquid.
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ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ื ื•ื–ืœื™;
14:56
You can't just drill a hole and pump it out.
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ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืงื“ื•ื— ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื•.
14:58
Tar sand's oil is solid,
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ื”ื ืคื˜ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืคืช ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆืง,
15:00
mixed in with the soil.
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ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื‘ ืขื ื”ืขืคืจ.
15:02
So to get at it,
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ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•,
15:04
you first have to get rid of the trees.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื.
15:07
Then, you rip off the topsoil
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ื•ืื– ืชื•ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”
15:09
and get at that oily sand.
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ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœ ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืคืช.
15:12
The process requires a huge amount of water,
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ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื,
15:15
which is then pumped into massive toxic tailing ponds.
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ืฉืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ื™ืฉืื‘ื• ืœื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ืจืขื™ืœื” ืขื ืงื™ื•ืช.
15:19
That's very bad news for local indigenous people
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ืืœื• ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ืžืื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
15:22
living downstream
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ืฉืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื ื”ืจ
15:24
who are reporting alarmingly high cancer rates.
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ื•ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืžื•ืช ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื™ื™ืžืช.
15:27
Now looking at these images,
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ืžืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
15:29
it's difficult to grasp the scale of this operation,
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ืงืฉื” ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ื–ื”,
15:32
which can already be seen from space
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ืฉืื•ืชื• ืืคืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื”ื—ืœืœ
15:35
and could grow to an area the size of England.
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ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื ื’ืœื™ื”.
15:38
I find it helps actually
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืฉืขื•ื–ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:40
to look at the dump trucks that move the earth,
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ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื™ื ื” ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื”,
15:42
the largest ever built.
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ืื™-ืคืขื.
15:44
That's a person down there by the wheel.
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ืฉื, ืœื™ื“ ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ, ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ-ืื“ื.
15:46
My point is that
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื•:
15:48
this is not oil drilling.
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ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืงื™ื“ื•ื—-ื ืคื˜,
15:50
It's not even mining.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื›ืจื™ื™ื”.
15:52
It is terrestrial skinning.
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ื–ืืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ืช-ืขื•ืจ ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ืช.
15:54
Vast, vivid landscapes
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ืžื”ื ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืืœื”
15:56
are being gutted,
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ื ืชืœืฉื™ื ื”ืงืจื‘ื™ื™ื,
15:58
left monochromatic gray.
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ื•ื”ื ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ืขื ืžืจืื” ืืคื•ืจ ื•ืื—ื™ื“,
16:00
Now I should confess that as [far as] I'm concerned
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ื•ืขืœื™ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ืช
16:03
this would be an abomination
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ืฉื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืขื‘ื”
16:05
if it emitted not one particle of carbon.
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ืื ืœื ื™ื•ืคืง ืžื›ืš ืฉื•ื ื—ืœืงื™ืง ืฉืœ ืคื—ื,
16:07
But the truth is that, on average,
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข
16:10
turning that gunk into crude oil
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ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืคื˜ ื’ื•ืœืžื™
16:13
produces about three times more greenhouse gas pollution
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ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื”
16:16
than it does to produce conventional oil
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืคืงืช ื ืคื˜ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”
16:18
in Canada.
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ื‘ืงื ื“ื”.
16:20
How else to describe this,
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ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืขื•ื“ ืœืชืืจ ื–ืืช
16:22
but as a form of mass insanity?
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ืืœื ื›ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ-ืฉืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™?
16:25
Just when we know we need to be learning
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“
16:28
to live on the surface of our planet,
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ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ืฉืœื ื•
16:30
off the power of sun, wind and waves,
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ืžื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ื,
16:33
we are frantically digging
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ
16:35
to get at the dirtiest,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
16:37
highest-emitting stuff imaginable.
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ื•ื”ืžื–ื”ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช.
16:40
This is where our story of endless growth
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ืขื“ ืœื›ืืŸ ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช
16:42
has taken us,
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ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื ื•,
16:44
to this black hole at the center of my country --
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ืœื—ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืœื‘ ืืจืฆื™--
16:47
a place of such planetary pain
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ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ืื‘ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ
16:49
that, like the BP gusher,
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ืฉื›ืžื• ืขื ื‘ืืจ ื”ื ืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™-ืคื™,
16:51
one can only stand to look at it for so long.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“.
16:55
As Jared Diamond and others have shown us,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื’'ืืจื“ ื“ื™ืืžื•ื ื“ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ืœื ื•,
16:58
this is how civilizations commit suicide,
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ื›ืš ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช,
17:01
by slamming their foot on the accelerator
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ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื•ืฉืช ื”ื“ืœืง
17:04
at the exact moment
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืจื’ืข
17:06
when they should be putting on the brakes.
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ื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืœื.
17:08
The problem is that our master-narrative
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœื ื•
17:11
has an answer for that too.
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ื™ืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื’ื ืœื›ืš.
17:13
At the very last minute, we are going to get saved
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืื ื• ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื ืฆืœ
17:16
just like in every Hollywood movie,
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืกืจื˜ ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ื™,
17:18
just like in the Rapture.
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช.
17:21
But, of course, our secular religion is technology.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
17:24
Now, you may have noticed
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ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘
17:27
more and more headlines like these.
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ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
17:29
The idea behind this form of "geoengineering" as it's called,
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืงืจื•ื™ื”,
17:32
is that, as the planet heats up,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ืžืชื—ืžื,
17:34
we may be able to shoot sulfates and aluminum particles
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื’ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ ื’ื•ืคืจื” ื•ื—ืžืจืŸ
17:37
into the stratosphere
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ืืœ ื”ืกื˜ืจื˜ื•ืกืคื™ืจื”
17:39
to reflect some of the sun's rays
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ืฉื™ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ื—ืœืง ืžืงืจื ื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
17:41
back to space,
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ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื—ืœืœ,
17:43
thereby cooling the planet.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืฆื ืŸ ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
17:46
The wackiest plan -- and I'm not making this up --
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ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืชืžื”ื•ื ื™ืช-- ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืžืฆื™ืื” ืืช ื–ื”--
17:48
would put what is essentially a garden hose
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ื”ื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ-ื’ื™ื ื”
17:51
18-and-a-half miles high into the sky,
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ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 30 ืง"ืž ื‘ืฉืžื™ื,
17:54
suspended by balloons,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ื,
17:56
to spew sulfur dioxide.
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ืฉื™ืคืœื•ื˜ ื’ืคืจื™ืช ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™ืช,
17:58
So, solving the problem of pollution with more pollution.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืขื•ื“ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื.
18:01
Think of it as the ultimate junk shot.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื–ืจื™ืงืช ื”ื”ืจื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
18:05
The serious scientists involved in this research
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ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื–ื”
18:07
all stress that these techniques
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ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
18:09
are entirely untested.
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ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื ื‘ื“ืงื•.
18:11
They don't know if they'll work,
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื ื–ื” ื™ืคืขืœ,
18:13
and they have no idea
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื’
18:15
what kind of terrifying side effects they could unleash.
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ืื™ืœื• ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืœืœ.
18:18
Nevertheless, the mere mention of geoengineering
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืขืฆื ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
18:21
is being greeted in some circles,
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ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื--
18:23
particularly media circles,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช--
18:25
with a relief tinged with euphoria.
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ื•ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ืื•ืคื•ืจื™ื”.
18:27
An escape hatch has been reached.
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ื ืžืฆื ืคืชื— ืžื™ืœื•ื˜.
18:29
A new frontier has been found.
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ื ืชื’ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ.
18:31
Most importantly,
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ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ืœ,
18:33
we don't have to change our lifestyles after all.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ.
18:35
You see, for some people,
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื,
18:37
their savior is a guy in a flowing robe.
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ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉื™ืข ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืœื™ืžื” ื’ื•ืœืฉืช.
18:39
For other people, it's a guy with a garden hose.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ-ื’ื™ื ื”.
18:43
We badly need some new stories.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ื ื•ืืฉื•ืช ืœื›ืžื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
18:46
We need stories that have different kinds of heroes
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžื–ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”
18:49
willing to take different kinds of risks --
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ืฉืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืฉื•ื ื”--
18:52
risks that confront recklessness head on,
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ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืชืขืžืชื™ื ืจืืฉ-ื‘ืจืืฉ ืขื ืคื–ื™ื–ื•ืช,
18:54
that put the precautionary principle into practice,
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ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
18:57
even if that means through direct action --
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ื’ื ืื ื–ื” ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื”--
19:00
like hundreds of young people willing to get arrested,
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ื›ืžื• ืžืื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืืกืจ
19:02
blocking dirty power plants
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ื‘ื—ืกื™ืžืช ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืžื–ื”ืžื•ืช
19:04
or fighting mountaintop-removal coal mining.
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ืื• ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืฉืจื™ื ื”ืจื™ื.
19:07
We need stories
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
19:09
that replace that linear narrative of endless growth
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ืฉื™ื—ืœื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช
19:12
with circular narratives
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ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื
19:14
that remind us
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ืฉื™ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืœื ื•
19:16
that what goes around comes around.
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ืฉื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช,
19:18
That this is our only home.
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ืฉื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“;
19:20
There is no escape hatch.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืคืชื— ืžื™ืœื•ื˜.
19:22
Call it karma, call it physics,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืชืงืจืื• ืœื–ื” ืงืืจืžื” ืื• ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”,
19:25
action and reaction, call it precaution --
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ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืื• ืืžืฆืขื™ ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช:
19:28
the principle that reminds us
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ื”ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื•
19:30
that life is too precious to be risked
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ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื›ืŸ ืื•ืชื
19:32
for any profit.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
19:34
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
19:36
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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