Naomi Klein: Addicted to risk

Prevoditelj: Davorin Jelačić Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

I just did something I've never done before.

Upravo sam učinila nešto što nisam učinila nikada prije.

I spent a week at sea on a research vessel.

Provela sam tjedan na moru na istraživačkom plovilu.

Now I'm not a scientist,

Nisam znanstvenica,

but I was accompanying a remarkable scientific team

ali sam pratila izuzetni znanstveni tim

from the University of South Florida

sa Svečilišta južna Florida

who have been tracking the travels of BP's oil

koji prati razlijevanje nafte British Petroleuma

in the Gulf of Mexico.

u Meksičkom zaljevu.

This is the boat we were on, by the way.

Ovo je brod na kojemu smo bili.

The scientists I was with

Znanstvenici s kojima sam bila

were not studying the effect of the oil and dispersants on the big stuff --

nisu proučavali učinke nafte i disperzanata na velike životinje --

the birds, the turtles,

ptice, kornjače,

the dolphins, the glamorous stuff.

delfine, glamurozne stvari.

They're looking at the really little stuff

Oni proučavaju jako male stvari

that gets eaten by the slightly less little stuff

koje bivaju pojedene od nešto manje sitnih životinja,

that eventually gets eaten by the big stuff.

a koje naposlijetku pojedu velike životinje.

And what they're finding

I ono što otkrivaju je to

is that even trace amounts of oil and dispersants

da nafta i disperzanti i kad su samo u tragovima

can be highly toxic to phytoplankton,

mogu biti vrlo toksični za fitoplanktone,

which is very bad news,

što je vrlo loša vijest,

because so much life depends on it.

jer toliko mnogo oblika života ovisi o njima.

So contrary to what we heard a few months back

Dakle, suprotno onome što smo čuli prije par mjeseci

about how 75 percent of that oil

kako je 75% te nafte

sort of magically disappeared

na nekakav čarobni način nestalo

and we didn't have to worry about it,

i ne moramo o tome brinuti,

this disaster is still unfolding.

ova katastrofa se odvija i dalje.

It's still working its way up the food chain.

Još uvijek napreduje uzlazno u hranidbenom lancu.

Now this shouldn't come as a surprise to us.

Ovo nam ne bi trebalo predstavljati iznenađenje.

Rachel Carson --

Rachel Carson --

the godmother of modern environmentalism --

kuma modernog pokreta za zaštitu okoliša --

warned us about this very thing

baš nas je na ovo upozorila

back in 1962.

još tamo 1962.

She pointed out that the "control men" --

Istaknula je da kontrolori --

as she called them --

kako ih je nazvala --

who carpet-bombed towns and fields

koji su gradove i polja prekrili bombama

with toxic insecticides like DDT,

s toksičnim insekticidima poput DDT-ja,

were only trying to kill the little stuff, the insects,

samo pokušavaju ubiti sitne stvari, kukce,

not the birds.

ne ptice.

But they forgot this:

Ali su zaboravili:

the fact that birds dine on grubs,

činjenicu da se ptice hrane larvama,

that robins eat lots of worms

da crvendać jede puno crva

now saturated with DDT.

koji su sada zasićeni DDT-jem.

And so, robin eggs failed to hatch,

I tako, crvendaćeva jajašca se nisu izlegla,

songbirds died en masse,

ptice pjevice su masovno ugibale,

towns fell silent.

i gradovi utihnuli.

Thus the title "Silent Spring."

Otuda naziv „Tiho proljeće".

I've been trying to pinpoint

Pokušala sam odrediti

what keeps drawing me back to the Gulf of Mexico,

što me to neprekidno vraća u Meksički zaljev,

because I'm Canadian,

jer sam Kanađanka,

and I can draw no ancestral ties.

i nemam ondje predaka.

And I think what it is

Mislim da je razlog taj

is I don't think we have fully come to terms

što ne vjerujem da smo u potpunosti shvatili

with the meaning of this disaster,

značenje ove katastrofe,

with what it meant to witness a hole

što znači svjedočiti pukotini

ripped in our world,

probušenoj u našem svijetu,

with what it meant to watch the contents of the Earth

što znači promatrati utrobu Zemlje

gush forth on live TV,

kako šiklja uživo na televiziji

24 hours a day,

24 sata dnevno,

for months.

mjesecima.

After telling ourselves for so long

Nakon što smo si tako dugo govorili

that our tools and technology can control nature,

da naši alati i tehnologija može kontrolirati prirodu,

suddenly we were face-to-face

iznenada smo se našli licem u lice

with our weakness,

s našom slabošću,

with our lack of control,

našim nedostatkom kontrole,

as the oil burst out

dok se nafta izlijevala

of every attempt to contain it --

iz svakog našeg pokušaja da je zadržimo --

"top hats," "top kills"

operacije "Top hats", "Top kills"

and, most memorably, the "junk shot" --

i, nezaboravno, ubrizgavanje smeća --

the bright idea

mudra ideja o

of firing old tires and golf balls

ispaljivanju starih guma i loptica za golf

down that hole in the world.

niz tu pukotinu u svijetu.

But even more striking

No, još upadljiviji

than the ferocious power emanating from that well

od silovite snage koja je izvirala iz tog bunara,

was the recklessness

bio je nemar

with which that power was unleashed --

kojim je ta sila puštena --

the carelessness, the lack of planning

neopreznost, nepostojanje planiranja,

that characterized the operation

koji su karakterizirali operaciju

from drilling to clean-up.

od bušenja do čišćenja.

If there is one thing

Ako je nešto postalo jasno

BP's watery improv act made clear,

akcijom British Petroleuma da popravi kvalitetu vode,

it is that, as a culture,

onda je to to da smo, kao kultura,

we have become far too willing to gamble

postali puno spremniji kockati se

with things that are precious

sa stvarima koje su dragocjene

and irreplaceable,

i nezamjenjive --

and to do so without a back-up plan,

i činiti to bez pričuvnog plana,

without an exit strategy.

bez izlazne strategije.

And BP was hardly

A BP teško da je bio

our first experience of this in recent years.

naše prvo ovakvo iskustvo posljednjih godina.

Our leaders barrel into wars,

Naši lideri jurcaju u ratove,

telling themselves happy stories

pričajući si sretne pričice

about cakewalks and welcome parades.

o lakoći i paradnim dočecima,

Then, it is years of deadly damage control,

a zatim slijede godine kontrole štete,

Frankensteins of sieges and surges

Frankensteini opsada i napada

and counter-insurgencies,

i operacija protiv pokreta otpora,

and once again, no exit strategy.

i ponovno, bez izlazne strategije.

Our financial wizards routinely fall victim

Naši financijski čarobnjaci rutinski postaju žrtvama

to similar overconfidence,

slične pretjerane samouvjerenosti,

convincing themselves that the latest bubble

uvjeravajući se da je posljednji mjehur

is a new kind of market --

nova vrsta tržišta --

the kind that never goes down.

vrsta koja nikad ne pada.

And when it inevitably does,

A kad neizbježno padne,

the best and the brightest

najbolji i najpametniji

reach for the financial equivalent of the junk shot --

posežu za financijskim ekvivalentom ubrizgavanja smeća --

in this case, throwing massive amounts

u ovom slučaju, ubacujući ogromne količine

of much-needed public money

silno potrebnog javnog novca

down a very different kind of hole.

niz jako različitu vrstu rupe.

As with BP, the hole does get plugged,

Kao i s BP-om, rupa se doista začepi,

at least temporarily,

barem privremeno,

but not before

ali ne prije nego što

exacting a tremendous price.

ispostavi strahovitu cijenu.

We have to figure out

Moramo dokučiti

why we keep letting this happen,

zašto dopuštamo da se ovo događa,

because we are in the midst

jer se nalazimo u središtu onoga

of what may be our highest-stakes gamble of all --

što bi moglo biti klađenje s najvećim ulozima ikada:

deciding what to do, or not to do,

odluka o tome što učiniti, ili ne učiniti,

about climate change.

u vezi klimatskih promjena.

Now as you know,

Kao što znate,

a great deal of time is spent,

puno vremena se troši,

in this country and around the world,

u ovoj zemlji i širom svijeta,

inside the climate debate,

u debati o klimi.

on the question of, "What if the IPC scientists

Na pitanje: „Što ako su IPC znanstvenici

are all wrong?"

svi u krivu?"

Now a far more relevant question --

Sada imamo puno važnije pitanje --

as MIT physicist Evelyn Fox Keller puts it --

kako ga fizičarka s MIT-a Evelyn Fox Keller postavlja --

is, "What if those scientists are right?"

koje glasi, "Što ako su ti znanstvenici u pravu?"

Given the stakes, the climate crisis

S obzirom na uloge, klimatska kriza

clearly calls for us to act

jasno nas poziva na djelovanje

based on the precautionary principle --

temeljeno na načelu opreza --

the theory that holds

teoriji koja drži

that when human health and the environment

da kad su čovjekovo zdravlje i okoliš

are significantly at risk

izloženi značajnom riziku

and when the potential damage is irreversible,

i kad je potencijalna šteta nenadoknadiva,

we cannot afford to wait

ne možemo si dopustiti da čekamo

for perfect scientific certainty.

savršenu znanstvenu izvjesnost.

Better to err on the side of caution.

Bolje je pogriješiti iz pretjeranog opreza.

More overt, the burden of proving

Još jasnije, teret dokazivanja

that a practice is safe

da je neka praksa sigurna

should not be placed on the public that would be harmed,

ne treba se prebacivati na javnost koja bi bila pogođena,

but rather on the industry that stands to profit.

već prije na industriju koja treba profitirati.

But climate policy in the wealthy world --

Ali klimatska politika u bogatom svijetu --

to the extent that such a thing exists --

u onoj mjeri u kojoj ona uopće postoji --

is not based on precaution,

ne temelji se na oprezu,

but rather on cost-benefit analysis --

već na analizi troškova i koristi --

finding the course of action that economists believe

pronalaženju pravca aktivnosti za koji ekonomisti vjeruju

will have the least impact

da će imati najmanji učinak

on our GDP.

na naš BDP.

So rather than asking, as precaution would demand,

Pa, umjesto da pitamo, kako bi nam oprez nalagao,

what can we do as quickly as possible

što možemo učiniti čim prije

to avoid potential catastrophe,

da izbjegnemo potencijalnu katastrofu,

we ask bizarre questions like this:

postavljamo bizarna pitanja poput ovih:

"What is the latest possible moment we can wait

"Koji je najkasniji mogući trenutak do kojeg možemo čekati

before we begin seriously lowering emissions?

prije no što počnemo ozbiljno smanjivati emisije?

Can we put this off till 2020,

Možemo li to odgoditi do 2020.,

2030, 2050?"

2030., 2050.?"

Or we ask,

Ili pitamo,

"How much hotter can we let the planet get

"Koliko još zagrijavanja planeta možemo dopustiti,

and still survive?

a da još uvijek preživimo?

Can we go with two degrees, three degrees, or --

Možemo li proći s dva stupnja, tri stupnja, ili --

where we're currently going --

kamo trenutno idemo --

four degrees Celsius?"

s četiri stupnja Celzija?"

And by the way,

I, usput,

the assumption that we can safely control

pretpostavka da možemo sigurno kontrolirati

the Earth's awesomely complex climate system

nepojmljivo složeni zemaljski klimatski sustav

as if it had a thermostat,

kao da postoji nekakav termostat,

making the planet not too hot, not too cold,

koji ne dopušta planetu da bude pretopao ili prehladan,

but just right -- sort of Goldilocks style --

nego baš kakav treba – u stilu Zlatokose --

this is pure fantasy,

čista je fantazija,

and it's not coming from the climate scientists.

i ne dolazi od znanstvenika koji se bave klimom;

It's coming from the economists

dolazi od ekonomista

imposing their mechanistic thinking

koji svoje mehanicističko razmišljanje

on the science.

naturaju znanosti.

The fact is that we simply don't know

Činjenica je da naprosto ne znamo

when the warming that we create

kada će zagrijavanje koje proizvodimo

will be utterly overwhelmed

biti u potpunosti nadjačano

by feedback loops.

petljama povratnih informacija.

So once again,

Pa, još jednom,

why do we take these crazy risks

zašto se upuštamo u ovako lude rizike

with the precious?

s onim što nam je dragocjeno?

A range of explanations

Raspon objašnjenja

may be popping into your mind by now,

do sada vam se možda rađa u glavi,

like "greed."

poput, pohlepe.

This is a popular explanation, and there's lots of truth to it,

Ovo je popularno objašnjenje i u njemu je puno istine.

because taking big risks, as we all know,

Jer prihvaćanje velikih rizika, kao što svi znamo,

pays a lot of money.

donosi puno novca.

Another explanation that you often hear for recklessness

Drugo objašnjenje koje često čujemo za neopreznost

is hubris.

je samouvjerenost.

And greed and hubris

A pohlepa i samouvjerenost

are intimately intertwined

su intimno isprepleteni

when it comes to recklessness.

kad je riječ o neopreznosti.

For instance, if you happen to be a 35-year-old banker

Na primjer, ako ste 35-godišnji bankar

taking home 100 times more

koji zarađuje 100 puta više

than a brain surgeon,

od kirurga za mozak,

then you need a narrative,

tada vam treba naracija,

you need a story

treba vam priča

that makes that disparity okay.

koja objašnjava zašto je ta razlika u redu.

And you actually don't have a lot of options.

I nemate, u stvari, puno mogućnosti.

You're either an incredibly good scammer,

Ili ste nevjerojatno uspješan prevarant,

and you're getting away with it -- you gamed the system --

i uspijevate u tome – provalili ste sustav --

or you're some kind of boy genius,

ili ste nekakav dečko genij,

the likes of which the world has never seen.

kakvoga svijet još nije vidio.

Now both of these options -- the boy genius and the scammer --

Obje mogućnosti – genijalac i varalica --

are going to make you vastly overconfident

učinit će vas silno presamouvjerenim

and therefore more prone

i time spremnijim

to taking even bigger risks in the future.

na poduzimanje još većih rizika u budućnosti.

By the way, Tony Hayward, the former CEO of BP,

Usput, Tony Hayward, bivši izvršni direktor BP-a,

had a plaque on his desk

na stolu je držao plaketu

inscribed with this inspirational slogan:

s ovim inspirirajućim sloganom:

"What would you attempt to do

"Što biste pokušali učiniti

if you knew you could not fail?"

kad biste znali da ne možete ne uspjeti?"

Now this is actually a popular plaque,

Ovo je doista popularna plaketa,

and this is a crowd of overachievers,

a ovo je gomila vrlo uspješnih,

so I'm betting that some of you have this plaque.

pa se kladim da i neki od vas imaju tu plaketu.

Don't feel ashamed.

Nemojte se sramiti.

Putting fear of failure out of your mind

Potisnuti strah od neuspjeha iz svijesti

can be a very good thing

može biti vrlo dobra stvar

if you're training for a triathlon

ako trenirate za trijatlon

or preparing to give a TEDTalk,

ili pripremate svoj TEDTalk,

but personally, I think people with the power

no osobno, mislim da ljudi koji imaju moć

to detonate our economy and ravage our ecology

detonirati našu ekonomiju i opustošiti ekologiju

would do better having

prije trebaju imati

a picture of Icarus hanging from the wall,

sliku Ikara na svom zidu,

because -- maybe not that one in particular --

jer – možda ne baš ovu --

but I want them thinking about the possibility of failure

ali želim da oni razmišljaju o mogućnosti neuspjeha

all of the time.

svo vrijeme.

So we have greed,

Tako imamo pohlepu,

we've got overconfidence/hubris,

imamo samouvjerenost/aroganciju,

but since we're here at TEDWomen,

no kako smo ovdje na TEDWomen,

let's consider one other factor

razmotrimo još jedan činitelj

that could be contributing in some small way

koji bi mogao pridonijeti barem malo

to societal recklessness.

društvenom nemaru.

Now I'm not going to belabor this point,

Neću puno obrazlagati ovaj činitelj,

but studies do show that, as investors,

ali studije pokazuju da su, kao ulagači,

women are much less prone

žene puno manje podložne

to taking reckless risks than men,

poduzimanju neopreznih rizika od muškaraca,

precisely because, as we've already heard,

točno zato što, kako smo već čuli,

women tend not to suffer from overconfidence

žene ne pate od pretjeranog samopouzdanja

in the same way that men do.

na isti način kao muškarci.

So it turns out

Pa ispada

that being paid less and praised less

da manje plaće i manje hvale

has its upsides --

ima svojih prednosti --

for society at least.

barem za društvo.

The flipside of this

Naličje medalje je

is that constantly being told

da neprekidno uvjeravanje

that you are gifted, chosen

da ste nadareni, odabrani

and born to rule

i rođeni vladati

has distinct societal downsides.

predstavlja mane za društvo.

And this problem -- call it the "perils of privilege" --

Ovaj problem – nazovimo ga opasnost privilegija --

brings us closer, I think,

dovodi nas bliže, mislim,

to the root of our collective recklessness.

korijenu našeg kolektivnog nemara.

Because none of us -- at least in the global North --

Jer nitko od nas – barem ne na svjetskom sjeveru --

neither men nor women,

ni muškarci ni žene,

are fully exempt from this message.

nisu posve izuzeti od ove poruke.

Here's what I'm talking about.

Evo na što mislim.

Whether we actively believe them

Vjerovali mi aktivno

or consciously reject them,

ili ih svjesno odbacivali,

our culture remains in the grips

naša kultura ostaje u stisku

of certain archetypal stories

određenih arhetipskih priča

about our supremacy

o našoj nadmoći

over others and over nature --

nad drugima i nad prirodom.

the narrative of the newly discovered frontier

Priča o novootkrivenoj granici

and the conquering pioneer,

i pioniru koji osvaja,

the narrative of manifest destiny,

priča o postojećoj sudbini,

the narrative of apocalypse and salvation.

priča o apokalipsi i spasenju.

And just when you think these stories are fading into history,

I baš kad pomislite da te priče blijede i postaju prošlost,

and that we've gotten over them,

da smo ih prevladali,

they pop up in the strangest places.

pojave se na najčudnijim mjestima.

For instance, I stumbled across this advertisement

Na primjer, naletjela sam na ovaj oglas

outside the women's washroom

ispred ženskog toaleta

in the Kansas City airport.

u zračnoj luci Kansas Cityja.

It's for Motorola's new Rugged cell phone,

Oglas je za Motorolin novi mobitel,

and yes, it really does say,

i da, doista kaže,

"Slap Mother Nature in the face."

"Udarite majku prirodu u lice."

And I'm not just showing it to pick on Motorola --

Ne pokazujem vam ovo da se obrušim na Motorolu --

that's just a bonus.

to je dodatni bonus.

I'm showing it because --

Pokazujem ga zato što --

they're not a sponsor, are they? --

oni nisu sponzor, zar ne? --

because, in its own way,

zato što, na svoj vlastiti način,

this is a crass version

on predstavlja grubu verziju

of our founding story.

priče o našem postanku.

We slapped Mother Nature around and won,

Šamarali smo majku prirodu posvuda i pobijedili.

and we always win,

Uvijek pobjeđujemo,

because dominating nature is our destiny.

jer je dominacija nad prirodom naša sudbina.

But this is not the only fairytale we tell ourselves about nature.

Ali to nije jedina bajka koju si govorimo o prirodi.

There's another one, equally important,

Postoji još jedna, jednako važna,

about how that very same Mother Nature

o tome kako je ta ista majka priroda

is so nurturing and so resilient

toliko plodna i otporna

that we can never make a dent in her abundance.

da nikada ne možemo naškoditi njezinom obilju.

Let's hear from Tony Hayward again.

Čujmo opet Tonyja Haywarda.

"The Gulf of Mexico is a very big ocean.

"Meksički zaljev je vrlo veliki ocean.

The amount of oil and dispersants that we are putting into it

Količina nafte i disperzanata koju stavljamo u nj

is tiny in relation to the total water volume."

sićušna je u usporedbi s ukupnom količinom vode."

In other words, the ocean is big;

Drugim riječima, ocean je velik;

she can take it.

on to može podnijeti.

It is this underlying assumption of limitlessness

Ova pretpostavka o neograničenosti koja se provlači

that makes it possible

je ono što nam omogućava

to take the reckless risks that we do.

prihvaćati neoprezne rizike kako to činimo.

Because this is our real master-narrative:

Jer ovo je naša prava glavna priča:

however much we mess up,

Koliko god zabrljamo,

there will always be more --

uvijek će ostati još --

more water, more land,

još vode, još zemlje,

more untapped resources.

još neiskorištenih resursa.

A new bubble will replace the old one.

Novi mjehur će zamijeniti stari.

A new technology will come along

Nova tehnologija će se pojaviti

to fix the messes we made with the last one.

i popraviti greške koje smo počinili sa starom.

In a way, that is the story

Na određeni način, ovo je priča

of the settling of the Americas,

o naseljavanju Amerika,

the supposedly inexhaustible frontier

navodno neiscrpne granice

to which Europeans escaped.

na koju su Europljani pobjegli.

And it's also the story of modern capitalism,

To je također i priča o suvremenom kapitalizmu.

because it was the wealth from this land

Jer je bogatstvo ove zemlje

that gave birth to our economic system,

porodilo naš ekonomski sustav,

one that cannot survive without perpetual growth

sustav koji ne može preživjeti bez stalnog rasta

and an unending supply

i beskrajne ponude

of new frontiers.

novih granica.

Now the problem is

Problem je u tome

that the story was always a lie.

što je ta priča uvijek bila lažna.

The Earth always did have limits.

Zemlja je uvijek bila ograničena,

They were just beyond our sights.

samo su ograničenja bila izvan našeg vidokruga.

And now we are hitting those limits

A sada nailazimo na ta ograničenja

on multiple fronts.

na više fronti.

I believe that we know this,

Vjerujem da to znamo,

yet we find ourselves trapped in a kind of narrative loop.

ali se ipak nađemo zarobljeni u nekoj vrsti narativne petlje.

Not only do we continue to tell and retell

Ne samo da nastavljamo pričati i prepričavati

the same tired stories,

iste iscrpljene priče,

but we are now doing so

već to sada činimo

with a frenzy and a fury

s mahnitošću i gnjevom

that, frankly, verges on camp.

koji su, iskreno, na rubu pretjerivanja.

How else to explain the cultural space

Kako drugačije objasniti kulturni prostor

occupied by Sarah Palin?

koji zauzima Sarah Palin.

Now on the one hand,

S jedne strane nas

exhorting us to "drill, baby, drill,"

potiče na "buši, baby, buši“,

because God put those resources into the ground

jer je Bog stavio resurse u zemlju

in order for us to exploit them,

kako bismo ih mogli eksploatirati,

and on the other, glorying in the wilderness

a s druge uživa u divljini

of Alaska's untouched beauty

netaknute ljepote Aljaske

on her hit reality TV show.

u svojoj hit reality TV emisiji.

The twin message is as comforting as it is mad.

Dvostruka poruka je jednako utješna koliko je i luda.

Ignore those creeping fears

Ignorirajte jezive strahove

that we have finally hit the wall.

da smo konačno udarili u zid.

There are still no limits.

Još uvijek nema granica.

There will always be another frontier.

Uvijek će postojati druga granica.

So stop worrying and keep shopping.

Zato prestanite brinuti i nastavite kupovati.

Now, would that this were just about

Kad bi riječ bila samo o

Sarah Palin and her reality TV show.

Sarah Palin i njenoj reality TV emisiji.

In environmental circles,

U krugovima nas koji se bavimo okolišem,

we often hear that, rather than shifting to renewables,

često čujemo da, umjesto da idemo prema obnovljivim izvorima,

we are continuing with business as usual.

mi jednostavno radimo dalje po starom.

This assessment, unfortunately,

Ovaj zaključak, nažalost,

is far too optimistic.

previše je optimističan.

The truth is that we have already exhausted

Istina je da smo već iscrpli

so much of the easily accessible fossil fuels

toliko lako dostupnih fosilnih goriva

that we have already entered

da smo već ušli

a far riskier business era,

u puno rizičniju poslovnu eru,

the era of extreme energy.

eru ekstremne energije.

So that means drilling for oil in the deepest water,

To znači bušotine u najdubljim vodama,

including the icy Arctic seas,

uključujući ledena arktička mora

where a clean-up may simply be impossible.

gdje bi čišćenje moglo jednostavno biti nemoguće.

It means large-scale hydraulic fracking for gas

To znači hidraulično mrvljenje stijena za izvlačenje plina na veliko

and massive strip-mining operations for coal,

i masivne rudarske operacije skidanja površine za vađenje ugljena,

the likes of which we haven't yet seen.

kakve još nikada nismo vidjeli.

And most controversially, it means the tar sands.

I najkontroverznije, to znači katranski pijesak.

I'm always surprised by how little

Uvijek sam iznenađena koliko malo

people outside of Canada

ljudi izvan Kanade

know about the Alberta Tar Sands,

znaju o katranskom pijesku Alberte,

which this year are projected to become

za koji se procjenjuje da će ove godine

the number one source of imported oil

postati izvor uvozne nafte broj jedan

to the United States.

u Sjedinjenim Državama.

It's worth taking a moment to understand this practice,

Vrijedi posvetiti trenutak razumijevanju ove prakse,

because I believe it speaks to recklessness

jer vjerujem da govori o nemaru

and the path we're on

i o putu na kojem se nalazimo

like little else.

kao malo što drugo.

So this is where the tar sands live,

Ovo je područje gdje se katranski pijesak nalazi,

under one of the last magnificent

ispod jedne od posljednjih veličanstvenih

Boreal forests.

borealnih šuma.

The oil is not liquid.

Nafta nije tekuća;

You can't just drill a hole and pump it out.

ne možeš samo izbušiti rupu i crpsti je.

Tar sand's oil is solid,

Nafta iz katranskog pijeska je kruta,

mixed in with the soil.

pomiješana sa zemljom.

So to get at it,

Zato, da biste je dobili,

you first have to get rid of the trees.

prvo se morate riješiti drveća.

Then, you rip off the topsoil

Tada podignete gornji sloj zemlje

and get at that oily sand.

i dođete do naftnog pijeska.

The process requires a huge amount of water,

Postupak zahtijeva ogromnu količinu vode,

which is then pumped into massive toxic tailing ponds.

koja se izlijeva u ogromne toksične taložne bazene.

That's very bad news for local indigenous people

To su vrlo loše vijesti za lokalne stanovnike

living downstream

koji žive nizvodno

who are reporting alarmingly high cancer rates.

i prijavljuju alarmantno visoke stope raka.

Now looking at these images,

Gledajući ove fotografije,

it's difficult to grasp the scale of this operation,

teško je shvatiti razmjere ove operacije,

which can already be seen from space

koja je već vidljiva i iz svemira

and could grow to an area the size of England.

i mogla bi narasti do veličine Engleske.

I find it helps actually

Vjerujem da zapravo pomaže

to look at the dump trucks that move the earth,

pogledati kamione koji prevoze zemlju,

the largest ever built.

najveće ikad napravljene.

That's a person down there by the wheel.

Ono tamo uz kotač je čovjek.

My point is that

Moja poanta je u tome

this is not oil drilling.

da ovo nije crpljenje nafte,

It's not even mining.

nije čak ni rudarstvo.

It is terrestrial skinning.

Ovo je deranje zemaljske kore.

Vast, vivid landscapes

Ogromni, živopisni krajolici

are being gutted,

su razrovani,

left monochromatic gray.

ostavljeni monokromatski sivima.

Now I should confess that as [far as] I'm concerned

Priznat ću da, što se mene tiče,

this would be an abomination

ovo bi bilo odvratno

if it emitted not one particle of carbon.

čak i da ne emitira ni jednu česticu ugljika.

But the truth is that, on average,

No, istina je da

turning that gunk into crude oil

pretvaranje tog mulja u sirovu naftu

produces about three times more greenhouse gas pollution

prosječno daje trostruko veće zagađenje stakleničkim plinom

than it does to produce conventional oil

nego što je to slučaj pri konvencionalnoj proizvodnji nafte

in Canada.

u Kanadi.

How else to describe this,

Kako drugačije ovo objasniti,

but as a form of mass insanity?

nego kao oblik masovnog ludila?

Just when we know we need to be learning

Baš kad znamo da moramo učiti

to live on the surface of our planet,

živjeti na površini našeg planeta,

off the power of sun, wind and waves,

od sunčane energije, vjetra i valova,

we are frantically digging

mahnito kopamo

to get at the dirtiest,

da bismo došli do najprljavije

highest-emitting stuff imaginable.

tvari s najvećom emisijom koju možemo zamisliti.

This is where our story of endless growth

Ovamo nas je dovela

has taken us,

naša priča o beskrajnom rastu,

to this black hole at the center of my country --

do ove crne rupe u središtu moje zemlje --

a place of such planetary pain

mjesta takve planetarne boli

that, like the BP gusher,

da čovjek, kao i kod izlijevanja BP-a,

one can only stand to look at it for so long.

može samo neko vrijeme izdržati to gledati.

As Jared Diamond and others have shown us,

Kako su nam Jared Diamond i drugi pokazali,

this is how civilizations commit suicide,

ovo je način na koji civilizacije čine samoubojstvo,

by slamming their foot on the accelerator

pritišćući nogom papučicu gasa

at the exact moment

točno u trenutku

when they should be putting on the brakes.

kad bi trebale stati na kočnicu.

The problem is that our master-narrative

Problem je da naša glavna priča

has an answer for that too.

i na to ima odgovor.

At the very last minute, we are going to get saved

U posljednjem mogućem trenutku bit ćemo spašeni

just like in every Hollywood movie,

kao u svakom holivudskom filmu,

just like in the Rapture.

kao u "Ekstazi".

But, of course, our secular religion is technology.

Ali naravno, naša svjetovna religija je tehnologija.

Now, you may have noticed

Možda ste primijetili

more and more headlines like these.

sve više i više ovakvih naslova.

The idea behind this form of "geoengineering" as it's called,

Ideja iza ovog oblika geoinženjeringa kako se zove

is that, as the planet heats up,

je ta, da dok se planet zagrijava,

we may be able to shoot sulfates and aluminum particles

možda budemo u mogućnosti ispaliti čestice sulfata

into the stratosphere

i aluminija u stratosferu

to reflect some of the sun's rays

kako bi reflektirale dio sunčevih zraka

back to space,

natrag u svemir,

thereby cooling the planet.

i na taj način ohladimo planet.

The wackiest plan -- and I'm not making this up --

Najsumanutiji plan bi bio – ne izmišljam ovo --

would put what is essentially a garden hose

da nešto što je u biti crijevo za polijevanje vrta

18-and-a-half miles high into the sky,

postavimo na nebu na visini od 30 km,

suspended by balloons,

objesimo ga na balone,

to spew sulfur dioxide.

da ono izbacuje sumporni dioksid.

So, solving the problem of pollution with more pollution.

Dakle, riješiti problem zagađenja novim zagađenjem.

Think of it as the ultimate junk shot.

Gledajte na ovo kao na krajnje ubrizgavanje smeća.

The serious scientists involved in this research

Ozbiljni znanstvenici uključeni u ovo istraživanje

all stress that these techniques

svi naglašavaju da ove tehnike

are entirely untested.

nikad nisu testirane.

They don't know if they'll work,

Ne znaju hoće li djelovati,

and they have no idea

i nemaju pojma

what kind of terrifying side effects they could unleash.

kakvu bi vrstu strašnih popratnih učinaka mogli izazvati.

Nevertheless, the mere mention of geoengineering

Bez obzira na sve, samo spominjanje geoinženjeringa

is being greeted in some circles,

pozdravlja se u nekim krugovima --

particularly media circles,

naročito medijskim --

with a relief tinged with euphoria.

s olakšanjem pomiješanim s euforijom.

An escape hatch has been reached.

Stigli smo do otvora za bijeg.

A new frontier has been found.

Pronađena je nova granica.

Most importantly,

Još važnije,

we don't have to change our lifestyles after all.

ne moramo ipak promijeniti naš način života.

You see, for some people,

Vidite, nekim ljudima,

their savior is a guy in a flowing robe.

spasitelj je tip u lepršavim haljama.

For other people, it's a guy with a garden hose.

Drugima je to tip s crijevom za polijevanje.

We badly need some new stories.

Silno nam trebaju neke nove priče.

We need stories that have different kinds of heroes

Trebaju nam priče koje imaju drugačiju vrstu junaka

willing to take different kinds of risks --

spremnih na različite rizike --

risks that confront recklessness head on,

rizike koji se izravno sukobljavaju s nemarom,

that put the precautionary principle into practice,

koji primijenjuju načelo opreza,

even if that means through direct action --

čak i ako to znači izravnom akcijom --

like hundreds of young people willing to get arrested,

kao stotine mladih spremnih biti uhićeni

blocking dirty power plants

dok blokiraju prljave elektrane

or fighting mountaintop-removal coal mining.

ili se bore protiv vađenja ugljena skidanjem vrhova brda.

We need stories

Trebaju nam priče

that replace that linear narrative of endless growth

koje će zamijeniti linearnu naraciju beskrajnog rasta

with circular narratives

s kružnim naracijama

that remind us

koje nas podsjećaju

that what goes around comes around.

kako se sve plaća,

That this is our only home.

kako je ovo naš jedini dom;

There is no escape hatch.

nema otvora za bijeg.

Call it karma, call it physics,

Zovite to karmom, zovite to fizikom,

action and reaction, call it precaution --

akcijom i reakcijom, zovite to oprezom:

the principle that reminds us

načelo koje nas podsjeća

that life is too precious to be risked

da je život predragocjen da bismo ga riskirali

for any profit.

za bilo kakav profit.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)