Naomi Klein: Addicted to risk

90,609 views ใƒป 2011-01-18

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jeongyob Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:15
I just did something I've never done before.
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์ €๋Š” ์ „์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์•ˆํ•ด๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ดค์–ด์š”.
00:18
I spent a week at sea on a research vessel.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์„ ์ง€๋‚ธ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:21
Now I'm not a scientist,
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์ „ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋Š” ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ,
00:23
but I was accompanying a remarkable scientific team
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™ํŒ€๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”,
00:26
from the University of South Florida
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์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์˜ค์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
00:28
who have been tracking the travels of BP's oil
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋งŒ์—์„œ ์œ ์ถœ๋œ BP์˜ ์„์œ  ์ด๋™๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ
00:31
in the Gulf of Mexico.
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์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
This is the boat we were on, by the way.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ”๋˜ ๋ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
The scientists I was with
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๊ฐ™์ด ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
00:38
were not studying the effect of the oil and dispersants on the big stuff --
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ํฐ ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„์œ ๋‚˜ ์œ ํ™” ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„--
00:41
the birds, the turtles,
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์ƒˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ด
00:43
the dolphins, the glamorous stuff.
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ™์€ ํ™ฉํ™€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
They're looking at the really little stuff
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
00:48
that gets eaten by the slightly less little stuff
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์ž๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์žก์•„ ๋จนํžˆ๊ณ 
00:51
that eventually gets eaten by the big stuff.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ œ์ผ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์žก์•„ ๋จนํžˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
00:54
And what they're finding
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:56
is that even trace amounts of oil and dispersants
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์–‘์˜ ์„์œ ๋‚˜ ์œ ํ™” ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„
00:59
can be highly toxic to phytoplankton,
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ํŒŒ์ดํ† ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์— ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ๋…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑด๋ฐ
01:01
which is very bad news,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์ด์˜ˆ์š”,
01:03
because so much life depends on it.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:06
So contrary to what we heard a few months back
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๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ์ „์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
01:08
about how 75 percent of that oil
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๊ทธ ์„์œ ์˜ 75%๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
01:10
sort of magically disappeared
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๋งˆ๋ฒ•๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์€๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์„œ
01:12
and we didn't have to worry about it,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:14
this disaster is still unfolding.
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์ด ์žฌ์•™์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
It's still working its way up the food chain.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋จน์ด์‚ฌ์Šฌ ์œ„์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Now this shouldn't come as a surprise to us.
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์ด ์†Œ์‹์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
Rachel Carson --
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๋ ˆ์ด์ฒผ ์นผ์Šจ-
01:25
the godmother of modern environmentalism --
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋Œ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€--
01:27
warned us about this very thing
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๋ฏธ
01:29
back in 1962.
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1962๋…„์— ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
She pointed out that the "control men" --
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œ์ž๋“ค์€--
01:33
as she called them --
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
01:35
who carpet-bombed towns and fields
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๋งˆ์„๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ง€๋ฅผ
01:37
with toxic insecticides like DDT,
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DDT ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…์„ฑ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๋กœ ์œต๋‹จ ํญ๊ฒฉ์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:40
were only trying to kill the little stuff, the insects,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๋ ค ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ง€,
01:43
not the birds.
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์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด๋ ค ํ•œ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:45
But they forgot this:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์žŠ์€๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์ฃ :
01:47
the fact that birds dine on grubs,
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์ƒˆ๋“ค์€ ์œ ์ถฉ์„ ๋จน๊ณ 
01:49
that robins eat lots of worms
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์šธ์ƒˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„ ๋จน๋Š”๋ฐ
01:51
now saturated with DDT.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด DDT์— ์ฉ”์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:54
And so, robin eggs failed to hatch,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šธ์ƒˆ์˜ ์•Œ์€ ๋ถ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
01:57
songbirds died en masse,
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๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋˜ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์€ ๋–ผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:59
towns fell silent.
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๋งˆ์„์€ ๊ณ ์š”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ์ ธ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
Thus the title "Silent Spring."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๋ชฉ์ด 'Silent Spring (์นจ๋ฌต์˜ ๋ด„)' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
I've been trying to pinpoint
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
02:07
what keeps drawing me back to the Gulf of Mexico,
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด ๋‹น๊ธด๊ฑด์ง€ ์•Œ์•„ ๋‚ด๋ ค ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”,
02:09
because I'm Canadian,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ณ 
02:11
and I can draw no ancestral ties.
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์กฐ์ƒ์˜ ๋งฅ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:13
And I think what it is
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š”
02:15
is I don't think we have fully come to terms
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง
02:18
with the meaning of this disaster,
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์ด ์žฌ์•™์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ
02:21
with what it meant to witness a hole
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋šซ๋ฆฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด
02:24
ripped in our world,
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜€๋Š”์ง€
02:26
with what it meant to watch the contents of the Earth
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งˆ๊ตฌ ๋ฟœ์–ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
02:29
gush forth on live TV,
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TV ์ƒ์ค‘๊ณ„๋กœ
02:31
24 hours a day,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ
02:33
for months.
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๋ช‡๋‹ฌ์งธ ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
After telling ourselves for so long
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ
02:38
that our tools and technology can control nature,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ,
02:41
suddenly we were face-to-face
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:43
with our weakness,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•ฝ์ ๊ณผ
02:45
with our lack of control,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ๋ ฅ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ ,
02:47
as the oil burst out
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ• ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
02:49
of every attempt to contain it --
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์„์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฟœ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜์™”์„๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์—์š”--
02:52
"top hats," "top kills"
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ํ†ฑ ํ–‡(์†Œํ˜• ๋”), ํ†ฑ ํ‚ฌ(์•ก์ฒด๋กœ ์œ ์ถœ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฒ•),
02:54
and, most memorably, the "junk shot" --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •ํฌ ์ƒท (๊ณ ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ง‰์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋กœ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•)์ธ๋ฐ--
02:56
the bright idea
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ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜€์–ด์š”
02:58
of firing old tires and golf balls
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ํํƒ€์ด์–ด์™€ ๊ณจํ”„๊ณต์„
03:01
down that hole in the world.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋‚œ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์— ์Ÿ์•„ ๋ถ“๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:03
But even more striking
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์œ ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”
03:05
than the ferocious power emanating from that well
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ํ›™ํญํ•œ ํž˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
03:08
was the recklessness
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๋ฌด๋ชจํ•จ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:10
with which that power was unleashed --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ํž˜์ด ์ด‰๋ฐœ๋œ๊ฑฐ์—์š”--
03:12
the carelessness, the lack of planning
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๋ถ€์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋ฌด๊ณ„ํš์ด
03:15
that characterized the operation
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์‹œ๊ตด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฒญ์†Œ๊นŒ์ง€์˜
03:17
from drilling to clean-up.
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์ž‘์—…์„ ํŠน์ง•์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
If there is one thing
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๋งŒ์•ฝ
03:22
BP's watery improv act made clear,
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BP์˜ ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„  ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:25
it is that, as a culture,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋กœ์„œ,
03:27
we have become far too willing to gamble
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฐ•์„ ํ•  ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
03:29
with things that are precious
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์†Œ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:31
and irreplaceable,
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๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ -
03:33
and to do so without a back-up plan,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐจํ›„ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜,
03:36
without an exit strategy.
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์ถœ๊ตฌ ์ „๋žต๋„ ์—†์ด ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:38
And BP was hardly
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  BP๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€
03:40
our first experience of this in recent years.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .ยฉ
03:42
Our leaders barrel into wars,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ „์Ÿ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
03:44
telling themselves happy stories
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์ด๊ฑด ์‹์€ ์ฃฝ ๋จน๊ธฐ์ด๊ณ , ํ™˜์˜ ํผ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š”
03:46
about cakewalks and welcome parades.
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
03:49
Then, it is years of deadly damage control,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ๋ช‡๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์Šต์„ ํ•˜์ฃ ,
03:52
Frankensteins of sieges and surges
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ํฌ์œ„์™€ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ ์ฆํŒŒ๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์ผ„์‰ฌํƒ€์ธ (๊ดด๋ฌผ)์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ 
03:55
and counter-insurgencies,
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๋ฐ˜๋ž€ ์ง„์••์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
03:57
and once again, no exit strategy.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ๋‹ค์‹œ, ์ถœ๊ตฌ ์ „๋žต์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
Our financial wizards routinely fall victim
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๊ธˆ์œต ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ
04:03
to similar overconfidence,
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ณผ์ž‰ ํ™•์‹ ์˜ ํฌ์ƒ์ด ๋˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:05
convincing themselves that the latest bubble
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์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์€
04:07
is a new kind of market --
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ --
04:09
the kind that never goes down.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊บผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
04:11
And when it inevitably does,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅผ๊นŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด,
04:13
the best and the brightest
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์ตœ๊ณ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:15
reach for the financial equivalent of the junk shot --
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์ •ํฌ ์ƒท๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธˆ์œต ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
04:17
in this case, throwing massive amounts
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜
04:19
of much-needed public money
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณต์  ์ž๊ธˆ์„
04:21
down a very different kind of hole.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์— ์Ÿ์•„ ๋ถ“๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
04:24
As with BP, the hole does get plugged,
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BP์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์€ ๋ง‰ํžˆ๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
at least temporarily,
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ž„์‹œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
04:28
but not before
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
04:30
exacting a tremendous price.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ค„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
We have to figure out
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:34
why we keep letting this happen,
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ๋‘๋Š”์ง€
04:36
because we are in the midst
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
04:38
of what may be our highest-stakes gamble of all --
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๋ฐ•์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”:
04:41
deciding what to do, or not to do,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ์ง€, ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„์ง€
04:43
about climate change.
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:45
Now as you know,
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
04:47
a great deal of time is spent,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
04:49
in this country and around the world,
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
04:51
inside the climate debate,
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ด€๋ จ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ•˜๋Š๋ผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
on the question of, "What if the IPC scientists
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"๋งŒ์•ฝ IPC ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด"์ด๋ž€
04:56
are all wrong?"
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์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:58
Now a far more relevant question --
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์ข€ ๋” ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€--
05:00
as MIT physicist Evelyn Fox Keller puts it --
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MIT ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž ์—๋ฒŒ๋ฆฐ ํญ์Šค ์ผˆ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด--
05:03
is, "What if those scientists are right?"
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"๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งž๋‹ค๋ฉด?"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
Given the stakes, the climate crisis
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ
05:10
clearly calls for us to act
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์›์น™์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„
05:12
based on the precautionary principle --
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ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”--
05:15
the theory that holds
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๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
05:17
that when human health and the environment
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด
05:19
are significantly at risk
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด์žˆ๊ณ 
05:21
and when the potential damage is irreversible,
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๋Œ์ดํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋  ๋•Œ,
05:24
we cannot afford to wait
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„
05:26
for perfect scientific certainty.
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๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Better to err on the side of caution.
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๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
More overt, the burden of proving
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์ข€ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
05:33
that a practice is safe
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์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋‹ด์€
05:35
should not be placed on the public that would be harmed,
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ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์„ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ์ง€๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ 
05:38
but rather on the industry that stands to profit.
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์ด์ต์„ ์–ป์„ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋งก์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
But climate policy in the wealthy world --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์ •์ฑ…์€--
05:44
to the extent that such a thing exists --
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์ •์ฑ…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ--
05:47
is not based on precaution,
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์กฐ์น˜์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:49
but rather on cost-benefit analysis --
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋น„์šฉ-ํ˜œํƒ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋” ๋น„์ค‘์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
05:52
finding the course of action that economists believe
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ GDP์—
05:54
will have the least impact
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
05:56
on our GDP.
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ํ–‰๋™๋ฐฉ์นจ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:58
So rather than asking, as precaution would demand,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์กฐ์น˜์— ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด,
06:01
what can we do as quickly as possible
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์ž ์žฌ์  ์žฌ์•™์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹ ์†ํžˆ
06:03
to avoid potential catastrophe,
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค,
06:06
we ask bizarre questions like this:
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข€ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
06:09
"What is the latest possible moment we can wait
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"์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
06:12
before we begin seriously lowering emissions?
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Šฆ์€ ์‹œ์ ์ธ๊ฐ€?"
06:15
Can we put this off till 2020,
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์ด๊ฑธ 2020๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•ด๋„ ๋˜๋‚˜,
06:17
2030, 2050?"
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด 2030๋…„์ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” 2050๋…„์ธ๊ฐ€?
06:20
Or we ask,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์ฃ ,
06:22
"How much hotter can we let the planet get
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"์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋œจ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ๋„
06:24
and still survive?
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๊ณ„์† ์‚ด์•„ ๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
06:26
Can we go with two degrees, three degrees, or --
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2๋„๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„๊นŒ, 3๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด--
06:28
where we're currently going --
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ--
06:30
four degrees Celsius?"
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4๋„๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ?
06:32
And by the way,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ์š”,
06:34
the assumption that we can safely control
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
06:36
the Earth's awesomely complex climate system
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๋†€๋ผ์šด๋งŒํผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
06:39
as if it had a thermostat,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์˜จ๋„์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—
06:41
making the planet not too hot, not too cold,
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋œจ๊ฒ์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ฐจ๊ฐ‘์ง€๋„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด,
06:44
but just right -- sort of Goldilocks style --
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์ •๋ง -- ๊ณจ๋””๋ฝ์Šค ๋ฐฉ์‹์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ--
06:47
this is pure fantasy,
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ™˜์ƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์—์š”,
06:49
and it's not coming from the climate scientists.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
06:52
It's coming from the economists
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
06:54
imposing their mechanistic thinking
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ
06:56
on the science.
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๊ณผํ•™์— ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ฃ .
06:58
The fact is that we simply don't know
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
07:00
when the warming that we create
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋“ค์ด
07:02
will be utterly overwhelmed
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์–ธ์ œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ
07:04
by feedback loops.
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ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ๋ฃจํ”„์— ๋ฌปํ˜€ ๋ฒ„๋ฆด์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
So once again,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
07:08
why do we take these crazy risks
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
07:10
with the precious?
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
07:12
A range of explanations
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…๋“ค์ด
07:14
may be popping into your mind by now,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์— ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ฃ ,
07:16
like "greed."
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๊ฐ€๋ น ํƒ์š• ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”.
07:18
This is a popular explanation, and there's lots of truth to it,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ง„์‹ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
because taking big risks, as we all know,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
07:24
pays a lot of money.
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ํฐ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:26
Another explanation that you often hear for recklessness
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๋ฌด๋ชจํ•จ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…์€
07:28
is hubris.
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์ž๋งŒ์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
And greed and hubris
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ํƒ์š•๊ณผ ์ž๋งŒ์‹ฌ์€
07:32
are intimately intertwined
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๋ฌด๋ชจํ•จ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ
07:34
when it comes to recklessness.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:36
For instance, if you happen to be a 35-year-old banker
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€๋ น ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด 35์„ธ๋กœ ์€ํ–‰์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:39
taking home 100 times more
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๋‡Œ์˜๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค
07:41
than a brain surgeon,
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์ˆ˜์ž…์ด 100๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
07:43
then you need a narrative,
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์„ค๋ช…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
07:45
you need a story
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
07:47
that makes that disparity okay.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:49
And you actually don't have a lot of options.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
You're either an incredibly good scammer,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์™„์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊พผ์ด๋ฉด,
07:55
and you're getting away with it -- you gamed the system --
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์šฉ์ผ€ ๋น ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์ฃ -- ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋…ผ๊ฑฐ์ฃ --
07:57
or you're some kind of boy genius,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ฒœ์žฌ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์š”,
07:59
the likes of which the world has never seen.
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋ณธ์ ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฒœ์žฌ์š”.
08:02
Now both of these options -- the boy genius and the scammer --
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์ž ์ด์ œ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ -- ์ Š์€ ์ฒœ์žฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊พผ--
08:05
are going to make you vastly overconfident
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‹ ์— ์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:07
and therefore more prone
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋”์šฑ๋”
08:09
to taking even bigger risks in the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋” ํฐ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
By the way, Tony Hayward, the former CEO of BP,
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ํ•œํŽธ BP์˜ ์ „ CEO์ธ ํ† ๋‹ˆ ํ—ค์ด์›Œ๋“œ๋Š”
08:16
had a plaque on his desk
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์ฑ…์ƒ์— ๋ช…ํŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:18
inscribed with this inspirational slogan:
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์Šฌ๋กœ๊ฑด์ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
08:20
"What would you attempt to do
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"์‹คํŒจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:22
if you knew you could not fail?"
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?"
08:25
Now this is actually a popular plaque,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฑด ์ธ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์‹ํŒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
08:28
and this is a crowd of overachievers,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ทจ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
08:30
so I'm betting that some of you have this plaque.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์‹ํŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
Don't feel ashamed.
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๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ•˜์ง„ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
08:35
Putting fear of failure out of your mind
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์‹คํŒจ์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์†์—์„œ ๋ชฐ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:37
can be a very good thing
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์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:39
if you're training for a triathlon
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์ฒ ์ธ์‚ผ์ข…๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:41
or preparing to give a TEDTalk,
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TEDTalk์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”,
08:44
but personally, I think people with the power
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—”
08:46
to detonate our economy and ravage our ecology
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ํญ๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฆฐํ•  ํž˜์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:49
would do better having
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๋ฒฝ์— ์ด์นด๋ฃจ์Šค์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด
08:51
a picture of Icarus hanging from the wall,
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๋” ์ž˜ํ• ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
08:53
because -- maybe not that one in particular --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด--์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ--
08:56
but I want them thinking about the possibility of failure
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์ „ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‹คํŒจ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„
08:59
all of the time.
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์ข€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
So we have greed,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒ์š•์ ์ด๊ณ ,
09:03
we've got overconfidence/hubris,
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๊ณผ์ž‰ ํ™•์‹ ๊ณผ ์ž๋งŒ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”,
09:05
but since we're here at TEDWomen,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” TEDWomen์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
09:07
let's consider one other factor
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
09:09
that could be contributing in some small way
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข€ ๊ฑฐ์ฐฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
09:11
to societal recklessness.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:15
Now I'm not going to belabor this point,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์žฅํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋†“์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
09:17
but studies do show that, as investors,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ํˆฌ์žํ• ๋•Œ
09:19
women are much less prone
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
09:21
to taking reckless risks than men,
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๋ถ€์ฃผ์˜ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์š”,
09:24
precisely because, as we've already heard,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋ฏธ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
09:26
women tend not to suffer from overconfidence
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ์ž‰ํ™•์‹ ์„
09:29
in the same way that men do.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
So it turns out
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ
09:33
that being paid less and praised less
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๋ˆ๋„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ธ์ •๋„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์ฃ 
09:35
has its upsides --
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์žฅ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”--
09:37
for society at least.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”์š”.
09:39
The flipside of this
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๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
09:41
is that constantly being told
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด
09:43
that you are gifted, chosen
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๋„ˆ๋Š” ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ณ , ์„ ํƒ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:45
and born to rule
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์ง€๋„์ž๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:47
has distinct societal downsides.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
And this problem -- call it the "perils of privilege" --
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” -- ํŠน๊ถŒ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
09:53
brings us closer, I think,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
09:55
to the root of our collective recklessness.
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฌด๋ชจํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ๊ณ  ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
Because none of us -- at least in the global North --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ค‘ ์•„๋ฌด๋„--์ ์–ด๋„ ๋ถ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—๋Š”์š”--
10:00
neither men nor women,
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๋‚จ์ž๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์ž๋‚˜,
10:02
are fully exempt from this message.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
Here's what I'm talking about.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
Whether we actively believe them
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฏฟ๋˜์ง€
10:09
or consciously reject them,
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์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋˜์ง€,
10:11
our culture remains in the grips
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
10:13
of certain archetypal stories
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์–ด๋–ค ์›ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ถŒ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
10:15
about our supremacy
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค
10:17
over others and over nature --
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์šฐ์›”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
the narrative of the newly discovered frontier
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์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€
10:22
and the conquering pioneer,
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์ •๋ณต์ž ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ,
10:24
the narrative of manifest destiny,
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์šด๋ช…์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ,
10:26
the narrative of apocalypse and salvation.
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ํŒŒ๋ฉธ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ.
10:28
And just when you think these stories are fading into history,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์†์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ๋•Œ,
10:30
and that we've gotten over them,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ๋•Œ
10:32
they pop up in the strangest places.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
For instance, I stumbled across this advertisement
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
10:37
outside the women's washroom
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์บ”์‚ฌ์Šค ๊ณตํ•ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž
10:39
in the Kansas City airport.
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ๋ฐ–์—์„œ์š”.
10:41
It's for Motorola's new Rugged cell phone,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ชจํ† ๋กœ๋ผ์˜ ์ƒˆ Rugged ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
10:43
and yes, it really does say,
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์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:45
"Slap Mother Nature in the face."
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"๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ชจ์š•ํ•ด๋ผ."
10:47
And I'm not just showing it to pick on Motorola --
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ชจํ† ๋กœ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
10:49
that's just a bonus.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
I'm showing it because --
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”--
10:53
they're not a sponsor, are they? --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์Šคํฐ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฐ€์š”?--
10:55
because, in its own way,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด,
10:57
this is a crass version
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์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐฝ์‹œ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ,
10:59
of our founding story.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ, ์šฐ๋‘”ํ•œ ๋ฒ„์ „์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
We slapped Mother Nature around and won,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ชจ์š•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
and we always win,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
11:05
because dominating nature is our destiny.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ™๋ช…์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:08
But this is not the only fairytale we tell ourselves about nature.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
11:11
There's another one, equally important,
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
11:14
about how that very same Mother Nature
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๊ทธ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ด
11:16
is so nurturing and so resilient
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ณด์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ข‹์•„์„œ
11:19
that we can never make a dent in her abundance.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•จ์— ํ ์ง‘ํ•œ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:22
Let's hear from Tony Hayward again.
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ํ† ๋‹ˆ ํ—ค์ด์›Œ๋“œ์˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
11:24
"The Gulf of Mexico is a very big ocean.
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"๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋งŒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํ•ด์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
The amount of oil and dispersants that we are putting into it
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•œ ์„์œ ์™€ ์œ ํ™” ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ œ์˜ ์–‘์€
11:30
is tiny in relation to the total water volume."
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์ „์ฒด ๋ฌผ์˜ ์–‘์— ๋น„ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
11:33
In other words, the ocean is big;
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๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๋Œ€์–‘์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:35
she can take it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
It is this underlying assumption of limitlessness
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์ด ๋ฌดํ•œํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด
11:41
that makes it possible
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์„
11:43
to take the reckless risks that we do.
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์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:46
Because this is our real master-narrative:
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ํ™”์ˆ ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
11:49
however much we mess up,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‚œ์žฅํŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋˜์ง€,
11:51
there will always be more --
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
11:53
more water, more land,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ† ์ง€,
11:56
more untapped resources.
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์ด์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์›๋“ค.
11:58
A new bubble will replace the old one.
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์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
A new technology will come along
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋„๋ž˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
12:02
to fix the messes we made with the last one.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์ณ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ์ณ ๋†“๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:05
In a way, that is the story
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
12:07
of the settling of the Americas,
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์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ์ •์ฐฉ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ,
12:09
the supposedly inexhaustible frontier
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ํƒˆ์ถœํ•œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
12:11
to which Europeans escaped.
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ํ•œ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:14
And it's also the story of modern capitalism,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
because it was the wealth from this land
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋•…์˜ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€
12:19
that gave birth to our economic system,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํƒ„์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:22
one that cannot survive without perpetual growth
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์†์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ
12:25
and an unending supply
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์˜ ๋Š์—†๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—†์ด๋Š”
12:27
of new frontiers.
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์‚ด์•„ ๋‚จ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
Now the problem is
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์ž ์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
12:31
that the story was always a lie.
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๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
The Earth always did have limits.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
12:35
They were just beyond our sights.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
12:37
And now we are hitting those limits
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
12:39
on multiple fronts.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์š”.
12:42
I believe that we know this,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
12:44
yet we find ourselves trapped in a kind of narrative loop.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์„œ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฃจํ”„๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:47
Not only do we continue to tell and retell
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
12:50
the same tired stories,
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
12:52
but we are now doing so
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”
12:54
with a frenzy and a fury
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๊ด‘๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ตฌ์š”
12:56
that, frankly, verges on camp.
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์†”์งํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ง„์˜์— ๊ฐ€๊น์ฃ .
12:59
How else to explain the cultural space
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ผ ํŽ˜์ผ๋ฆฐ์ด
13:02
occupied by Sarah Palin?
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๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์˜์—ญ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”.
13:04
Now on the one hand,
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
13:06
exhorting us to "drill, baby, drill,"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ "ํŒŒ๊ณ  ๋˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ"ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ถŒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
13:08
because God put those resources into the ground
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ์ž์›๋“ค์„ ๋•…์†์— ๋ฌป์„ ๋•Œ
13:11
in order for us to exploit them,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ ,
13:14
and on the other, glorying in the wilderness
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ
13:17
of Alaska's untouched beauty
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๋ฆฌ์–ผ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ TV์‡ผ์—์„œ ์•Œ๋ž˜์Šค์นด์˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌป์ง€ ์•Š์€
13:19
on her hit reality TV show.
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
The twin message is as comforting as it is mad.
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์ด ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š” ์œ„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋ก  ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
13:25
Ignore those creeping fears
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋””์–ด ๋ง‰๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณจ๋ชฉ์— ๋ด‰์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
13:27
that we have finally hit the wall.
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์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:29
There are still no limits.
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์•„์ง ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ž€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
There will always be another frontier.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ์ด ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
So stop worrying and keep shopping.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ผ๋ž‘ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ์„ธ์š”.
13:37
Now, would that this were just about
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ผ ํŽ˜์ผ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ
13:39
Sarah Palin and her reality TV show.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ฆฌ์–ผ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ TV์‡ผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
13:41
In environmental circles,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š”
13:43
we often hear that, rather than shifting to renewables,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์žฌ์ƒ ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
13:46
we are continuing with business as usual.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ€์ž๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:49
This assessment, unfortunately,
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€
13:51
is far too optimistic.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚™์ฒœ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
The truth is that we have already exhausted
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ
13:56
so much of the easily accessible fossil fuels
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฑ„๊ตดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ์จ๋ฒ„๋ ค์„œ
13:59
that we have already entered
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
14:01
a far riskier business era,
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๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์™€
14:04
the era of extreme energy.
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๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์„ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:06
So that means drilling for oil in the deepest water,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ด๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฌผ์†์—์„œ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„๊ตดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
14:09
including the icy Arctic seas,
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๊ฝ๊ฝ ์–ธ ๋ถ๊ทนํ•ด ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”
14:11
where a clean-up may simply be impossible.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ž€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
14:14
It means large-scale hydraulic fracking for gas
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์ด๊ฑด ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ˆ˜์••ํŒŒ์‡„๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ฑ„๊ตด,
14:17
and massive strip-mining operations for coal,
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋…ธ์ฒœ ์„ํƒ„๊ด‘ ์ฑ„๊ตด๋“ฑ
14:19
the likes of which we haven't yet seen.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์—๋Š” ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
And most controversially, it means the tar sands.
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์ œ์ผ ํฐ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒ€๋ฅด ์ƒŒ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
I'm always surprised by how little
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์ „ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋ฐ–์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
14:27
people outside of Canada
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์ง€ํ•œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋†€๋ผ๊ณค ํ•ด์š”
14:29
know about the Alberta Tar Sands,
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์•จ๋ฒ„ํƒ€์ฃผ์˜ ํƒ€๋ฅด ์ƒŒ๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
14:31
which this year are projected to become
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์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ
14:33
the number one source of imported oil
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์ˆ˜์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์„์œ ๋ฅ˜์ค‘์—
14:36
to the United States.
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์ œ์ผ ํฐ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
It's worth taking a moment to understand this practice,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”,
14:41
because I believe it speaks to recklessness
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ชจํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
14:43
and the path we're on
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด
14:45
like little else.
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๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
14:47
So this is where the tar sands live,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๋ฅด ์ƒŒ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
14:50
under one of the last magnificent
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‚จ์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด
14:52
Boreal forests.
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๋ถ๋ฐฉ ์ˆ˜๋ฆผ ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
The oil is not liquid.
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์ด ์„์œ ๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
14:56
You can't just drill a hole and pump it out.
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์ฆ‰ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์„œ ํŽŒํ”„๋กœ ๋ฝ‘์•„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
14:58
Tar sand's oil is solid,
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ํƒ€๋ฅด ์ƒŒ๋“œ์˜ ์„์œ ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
15:00
mixed in with the soil.
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ํ† ์–‘๊ณผ ์„ž์—ฌ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
15:02
So to get at it,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด,
15:04
you first have to get rid of the trees.
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๋จผ์ € ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ฒ ์–ด ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
Then, you rip off the topsoil
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ† ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ ํ›„์—
15:09
and get at that oily sand.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
15:12
The process requires a huge amount of water,
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์šฉ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
15:15
which is then pumped into massive toxic tailing ponds.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋…์„ฑ์˜ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๋ชป์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€์ฃ .
15:19
That's very bad news for local indigenous people
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ง€์—ญ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์–˜๊ธด๋ฐ์š”
15:22
living downstream
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ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
15:24
who are reporting alarmingly high cancer rates.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ์•”๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
Now looking at these images,
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ๋„
15:29
it's difficult to grasp the scale of this operation,
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:32
which can already be seen from space
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
15:35
and could grow to an area the size of England.
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์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:38
I find it helps actually
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋˜๋ฐ์š”
15:40
to look at the dump trucks that move the earth,
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ํ™๋”๋ฏธ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋คํ”„ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์š”
15:42
the largest ever built.
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์ด๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
15:44
That's a person down there by the wheel.
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์ € ๋ฐ”ํ€ด์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
My point is that
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์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋Š”
15:48
this is not oil drilling.
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์ด๊ฑด ์˜ค์ผ ์ฑ„๊ตด์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
15:50
It's not even mining.
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๊ด‘์—…๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
It is terrestrial skinning.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ป์งˆ์„ ๋ฒ—๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
Vast, vivid landscapes
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด
15:56
are being gutted,
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๋งˆ๊ตฌ ๋ง๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ ,
15:58
left monochromatic gray.
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๋‹จ์ƒ‰์˜ ํšŒ์ƒ‰๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์š”.
16:00
Now I should confess that as [far as] I'm concerned
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฑด ๋งํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”
16:03
this would be an abomination
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๋งŒ์ผ ์ด๊ฒŒ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
16:05
if it emitted not one particle of carbon.
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
16:07
But the truth is that, on average,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง„์‹ค์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ
16:10
turning that gunk into crude oil
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์ € ์ง„๋“๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์›์œ ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ 
16:13
produces about three times more greenhouse gas pollution
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ
16:16
than it does to produce conventional oil
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์„์œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ธ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ
16:18
in Canada.
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๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
How else to describe this,
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ด‘๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
16:22
but as a form of mass insanity?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
16:25
Just when we know we need to be learning
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œ„์—์„œ
16:28
to live on the surface of our planet,
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ํŒŒ๋„์˜ ํž˜์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ
16:30
off the power of sun, wind and waves,
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์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
16:33
we are frantically digging
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์นœ๋“ฏ์ด
16:35
to get at the dirtiest,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋”๋Ÿฝ๊ณ 
16:37
highest-emitting stuff imaginable.
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํŒŒ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
This is where our story of endless growth
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋์—†๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
16:42
has taken us,
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๊ท€๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ฉฐ
16:44
to this black hole at the center of my country --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ --
16:47
a place of such planetary pain
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ณ„์ด ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ,
16:49
that, like the BP gusher,
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BP์˜ ์œ ์ถœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ด์š”,
16:51
one can only stand to look at it for so long.
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๊ทธ์ € ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ”๋ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:55
As Jared Diamond and others have shown us,
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์ œ๋ ˆ๋“œ ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
16:58
this is how civilizations commit suicide,
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ช…์ด ์—‘์…€๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๊ตฌ ๋ฐŸ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž์‚ด์„
17:01
by slamming their foot on the accelerator
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ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ
17:04
at the exact moment
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š”
17:06
when they should be putting on the brakes.
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๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐŸ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
The problem is that our master-narrative
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์„œ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
17:11
has an answer for that too.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
At the very last minute, we are going to get saved
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
17:16
just like in every Hollywood movie,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ํ• ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋“œ ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๊ตฌ์›์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:18
just like in the Rapture.
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ํœด๊ฑฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
17:21
But, of course, our secular religion is technology.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ธ์†์ ์ธ ์ข…๊ต๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:24
Now, you may have noticed
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ
17:27
more and more headlines like these.
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ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์…จ์„๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
17:29
The idea behind this form of "geoengineering" as it's called,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ณตํ•™ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”
17:32
is that, as the planet heats up,
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์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์›Œ์ง€๋ฉด
17:34
we may be able to shoot sulfates and aluminum particles
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ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ
17:37
into the stratosphere
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์„ฑ์ธต๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์•„์˜ฌ๋ ค
17:39
to reflect some of the sun's rays
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์„  ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹œ์ผœ
17:41
back to space,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์„œ
17:43
thereby cooling the planet.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ํžŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:46
The wackiest plan -- and I'm not making this up --
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์›ƒ๊ธด ๊ณ„ํš์€-- ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”--
17:48
would put what is essentially a garden hose
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์ •์› ํ˜ธ์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
17:51
18-and-a-half miles high into the sky,
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ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ ์•ฝ 30ํ‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ฏค
17:54
suspended by balloons,
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ํ’์„ ์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ์•„์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์„œ,
17:56
to spew sulfur dioxide.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฟœ์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
So, solving the problem of pollution with more pollution.
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์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ํฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
18:01
Think of it as the ultimate junk shot.
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๊ถ๊ทน์˜ ์ •ํฌ์ƒท์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:05
The serious scientists involved in this research
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
18:07
all stress that these techniques
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๋ชจ๋‘๋‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด
18:09
are entirely untested.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ž…์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
18:11
They don't know if they'll work,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ 
18:13
and they have no idea
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๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋”์ฐํ•œ
18:15
what kind of terrifying side effects they could unleash.
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๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋‚ณ์„์ง€๋„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:18
Nevertheless, the mere mention of geoengineering
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ณตํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
18:21
is being greeted in some circles,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™˜์˜์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”--
18:23
particularly media circles,
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ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ์–ธ๋ก ๊ณ„์—์„œ์š”--
18:25
with a relief tinged with euphoria.
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ํฌ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋“  ์•ˆ๋„๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
18:27
An escape hatch has been reached.
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๋น„์ƒ๊ตฌ ๋šœ๊ป‘์„ ์ฐพ์€๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
18:29
A new frontier has been found.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:31
Most importantly,
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์€,
18:33
we don't have to change our lifestyles after all.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
18:35
You see, for some people,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
18:37
their savior is a guy in a flowing robe.
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๊ตฌ์„ธ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•๋ณต์„ ์ž…์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ฃ .
18:39
For other people, it's a guy with a garden hose.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ •์› ํ˜ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:43
We badly need some new stories.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:46
We need stories that have different kinds of heroes
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ
18:49
willing to take different kinds of risks --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜์›…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
18:52
risks that confront recklessness head on,
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์ด ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด๋ชจํ•จ๊ณผ ๋งž์„œ๊ณ ,
18:54
that put the precautionary principle into practice,
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์›์น™์„ ์‹ค์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฏ๊ธฐ๊ณ ,
18:57
even if that means through direct action --
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ --
19:00
like hundreds of young people willing to get arrested,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋ช…์˜ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์ด
19:02
blocking dirty power plants
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๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
19:04
or fighting mountaintop-removal coal mining.
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์‚ฐ์„ ๊นŽ์•„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์„ํƒ„ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฒดํฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค์ด์š”.
19:07
We need stories
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:09
that replace that linear narrative of endless growth
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๋์—†๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜•์‹ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
19:12
with circular narratives
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์›ํ˜• ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒด์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”
19:14
that remind us
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฐ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
19:16
that what goes around comes around.
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์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๊ณ 
19:18
That this is our only home.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ด๋ฉฐ
19:20
There is no escape hatch.
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๋น„์ƒ ํƒˆ์ถœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:22
Call it karma, call it physics,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์—…๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์ข‹๊ต, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
19:25
action and reaction, call it precaution --
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์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์ž‘์šฉ์ผ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์กฐ์น˜๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค
19:28
the principle that reminds us
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๊ทธ ์›์น™์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
19:30
that life is too precious to be risked
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์‚ถ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์ต์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„
19:32
for any profit.
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ฌด๋ฆ…์“ฐ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
19:34
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:36
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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