Megan Kamerick: Women should represent women in media

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Translator: Rizki Febriani Reviewer: Hafizh Alfarisi

Seperti kebanyakan jurnalis, aku orang yang idealis.

Aku suka menggali cerita bagus, terutama yang belum terungkap.

Tak terpikir olehku bahwa pada 2011,

Like most journalists, I'm an idealist.

I love unearthing good stories, especially untold stories.

perempuan masih ada dalam bidang jurnalisme.

Aku adalah presiden dari Journalism and Women Symposium.

I just didn't think that in 2011,

JAWS. Hiu banget.

(Tawa)

women would still be in that category.

Aku bergabung sepuluh tahun lalu sebab mendamba wanita inspiratif.

I'm the President of the Journalism and Women Symposium -- JAWS.

Aku frustrasi dengan ketertinggalan status perempuan di profesi ini

That's Sharky.

(Laughter)

dan maknanya bagi citra perempuan di media.

I joined 10 years ago because I wanted female role models,

Perempuan mencakup setengah populasi dunia,

and I was frustrated by the lagging status of women in our profession

tapi kami hanya masuk 24 persen subjek pemberitaan

and what that meant for our image in the media.

yang dikutip di laporan berita.

Hanya 20 persen pakar perempuan yang dikutip dalam berita.

We make up half the population of the world,

Bahkan, teknologi saat ini

but we're just 24 percent of the news subjects

memungkinkan untuk menyingkirkan perempuan sepenuhnya dari sorotan.

quoted in news stories.

And we're just 20 percent of the experts quoted in stories.

Ini adalah foto Presiden Barack Obama dan para penasihatnya

And now, with today's technology,

tengah melacak pembunuhan Osama bin Laden.

it's possible to remove women from the picture completely.

Terlihat Hillary Clinton di sebelah kanan.

This is a picture of President Barack Obama and his advisors,

Mari lihat publikasi fotonya dalam koran Yahudi Ortodoks di Brooklyn.

tracking the killing of Osama bin Laden.

Hillary benar-benar hilang.

You can see Hillary Clinton on the right.

(Tawa)

Let's see how the photo ran

in an Orthodox Jewish newspaper based in Brooklyn.

Pihak korannya minta maaf, tapi berkata tak bisa memuat foto perempuan.

Mereka mungkin menghasut secara seksual.

Hillary's completely gone.

(Tawa)

(Laughter)

Ini memang contoh ekstrem,

The paper apologized, but said it never runs photos of women;

tapi kenyataannya adalah

hanya 19% perempuan yang menjadi sumber berita politik

they might be sexually provocative.

(Laughter)

dan hanya 20% pada berita ekonomi.

This is an extreme case, yes.

But the fact is,

women are only 19 percent of the sources in stories on politics,

Berita terus memberi kita gambaran betapa laki-laki melampaui perempuan

and only 20 percent in stories on the economy.

di hampir semua bidang pekerjaan, kecuali dua:

pelajar dan ibu rumah tangga.

The news continues to give us a picture

(Tawa)

Jadi, kita mendapat gambaran realitas yang sangat menyimpang.

where men outnumber women

in nearly all occupational categories, except two:

Masalahnya tentu tak ada cukup perempuan di ruang redaksi.

students and homemakers.

Perempuan cuma mewartakan 37% berita di koran, TV, dan radio.

(Laughter)

So we all get a very distorted picture of reality.

Dalam berita kekerasan berbasis gender pun,

The problem is, of course, there aren't enough women in newsrooms.

laki-laki mendapat sangat banyak ruang cetak dan durasi tayang.

They report at just 37 percent of stories in print, TV and radio.

Ini contoh kasusnya.

Even in stories on gender-based violence,

Maret ini, New York Times menerbitkan berita dari James McKinley

men get an overwhelming majority of print space and airtime.

tentang pemerkosaan ramai-ramai terhadap gadis sebelas tahun di kota kecil Texas.

Case in point:

McKinley menuliskan masyarakat yang bertanya-tanya,

This March, the New York Times ran a story by James McKinley

“Bagaimana putra-putra mereka terseret dalam kasus ini?”

about a gang rape of a young girl,

11 years old, in a small Texas town.

“Terseret dalam kasus ini”

seolah-olah mereka dirayu untuk melakukan kekerasan.

McKinley writes that the community is wondering,

Orang pertama yang dia kutip berkata,

"How could their boys have been drawn into this?"

“Anak-anak lelaki ini harus menanggungnya seumur hidup.”

"Drawn into this" --

(Keluhan, tawa)

like they were seduced into committing an act of violence.

Kalian jarang mendengar berita korban berusia sebelas tahun,

And the first person he quotes says,

"These boys will have to live with this the rest of their lives."

kecuali dia mengenakan pakaian yang terlalu dewasa

(Groans, laughter)

serta menggunakan riasan.

You don't hear much about the 11-year-old victim,

The Times dibanjiri kritik.

except that she wore clothes that were a little old for her

Mulanya, mereka membela diri dan berujar,

“Itu bukan pandangan kami, melainkan temuan laporan kami.”

and she wore makeup.

Ini rahasia yang mungkin kalian sudah tahu:

The Times was deluged with criticism.

berita itu tertata.

Initially, it defended itself,

and said, "These aren't our views.

Sebagai reporter, kami meneliti dan mewawancarai.

This is what we found in our reporting."

Kami mencoba memberi gambaran bagus akan realitas.

Now, here's a secret you probably know already:

Kami juga punya bias bawah sadar.

Your stories are constructed.

As reporters, we research, we interview.

Namun, The Times membuatnya seakan siapa pun akan melaporkan berita ini

We try to give a good picture of reality.

dengan cara serupa.

Aku tidak setuju.

We also have our own unconscious biases.

Jadi, tiga minggu kemudian,

But The Times makes it sound like anyone would have reported this story

The Times kembali ke berita itu.

Kali ini, mereka menambah nama penulis: McKinley dan Erica Goode.

the same way.

I disagree with that.

Yang keluar benar-benar kisah menyedihkan dan mengerikan

So three weeks later,

The Times revisits the story.

dari seorang gadis dan keluarganya yang terjebak kemiskinan.

This time, it adds another byline to it with McKinley's:

Gadis itu diperkosa berkali-kali oleh banyak lelaki.

Erica Goode.

What emerges is a truly sad, horrific tale

Dia adalah gadis cerdas dan lembut.

of a young girl and her family trapped in poverty.

Dirinya telah matang secara cepat, secara fisik,

tapi kamarnya masih dipenuhi boneka binatang.

She was raped numerous times by many men.

She had been a bright, easygoing girl.

Gambarannya jadi sangat berbeda.

Mungkin tambahan dari Bu Goode ini membuat beritanya lebih utuh.

She was maturing quickly, physically,

but her bed was still covered with stuffed animals.

Global Media Monitoring Project menemukan bahwa berita dari reporter perempuan

It's a very different picture.

Perhaps the addition of Ms. Goode is what made this story more complete.

lebih mungkin menentang stereotipe dibandingkan dari reporter laki-laki.

The Global Media Monitoring Project has found that stories by female reporters

Di radio KUNM Albuquerque,

Elaine Baumgartel melakukan riset kuliah pada liputan kekerasan terhadap perempuan.

are more likely to challenge stereotypes than those by male reporters.

Temuannya adalah banyak berita yang cenderung menyalahkan

At KUNM here in Albuquerque,

dan merendahkan hidup korban.

Elaine Baumgartel did some graduate research

Berita-berita itu cenderung cari sensasi dan kurang konteks.

on the coverage of violence against women.

What she found was many of these stories tend to blame victims

Jadi, untuk risetnya,

dia meneliti seri tiga bagian dari pembunuhan sebelas wanita,

and devalue their lives.

yang terkubur di West Mesa, Albuquerque.

They tend to sensationalize, and they lack context.

Dia mencoba menentang pola serta stereotipe yang ada lewat risetnya

So for her graduate work,

she did a three-part series on the murder of 11 women,

dan memperlihatkan tantangan yang dihadapi jurnalis

found buried on Albuquerque's West Mesa.

dari sumber eksternal, bias internal mereka sendiri,

She tried to challenge those patterns and stereotypes in her work

dan norma budaya.

and she tried to show the challenges that journalists face

Dia bekerja sama dengan editor di National Public Radio

untuk menyiarkan berita dalam skala nasional.

from external sources, their own internal biases

Dia tidak tahu apa yang akan terjadi jika editornya bukan perempuan.

and cultural norms.

And she worked with an editor at National Public Radio

Berita di koran dua kali lebih mungkin

to try to get a story aired nationally.

menampilkan perempuan sebagai korban daripada laki-laki,

She's not sure that would have happened if the editor had not been a female.

dan perempuan lebih mungkin didefiniskan oleh bagian tubuhnya.

Stories in the news

are more than twice as likely to present women as victims than men,

seperti majalah Wired pada November 2010.

Topiknya tentang rekayasa jaringan payudara.

and women are more likely to be defined by their body parts.

Aku tahu kalian teralihkan, jadi kusingkirkan dulu.

Wired magazine, November 2010.

(Tawa)

Pandangan ke sini.

Yes, the issue was about breast-tissue engineering.

(Tawa)

Now I know you're all distracted, so I'll take that off.

Jadi ...

(Tepuk tangan)

(Laughter)

Eyes up here.

(Laughter)

begini ...

Wired tak pernah menjadikan perempuan sebagai wajah sampulnya.

So --

Memang ada beberapa gimik.

(Applause)

Pam dari The Office,

gadis manga,

Here's the thing:

Wired almost never puts women on its cover.

model seksi terbungkus berlian sintetis.

Oh, there have been some gimmicky ones --

Profesor Texas State University, Cindy Royal, menanyakan lewat blognya

Pam from "The Office,"

manga girls,

tentang perasaan wanita muda seperti muridnya

a voluptuous model covered in synthetic diamonds.

akan peran mereka dalam teknologi saat membaca Wired.

Texas State University professor Cindy Royal wondered in her blog

Chris Anderson, editor Wired, membela pilihannya sendiri

how are young women like her students supposed to feel about their roles

dan menyebut hanya sedikit perempuan mencolok

dalam teknologi yang bisa membuat sampul dan terbitannya “menjual”.

in technology, reading Wired.

Chris Anderson, the editor of Wired, defended his choice

Sebagian ucapannya benar,

tak cukup banyak perempuan yang mencolok dalam teknologi.

and said there aren't enough women, prominent women

Masalahku dengan argumen itu ialah

in technology to sell a cover, to sell an issue.

setiap hari media mewartakan apa yang penting

Part of that is true,

dengan berita yang mereka pilih dan peletakannya.

there aren't as many prominent women in technology.

Itulah yang disebut penentuan agenda.

Here's my problem with that argument:

Berapa banyak orang yang tahu penemu Facebook dan Google

Media tells us every day what's important,

sebelum wajah mereka ada di sampul majalah?

by the stories they choose and where they place them;

Dengan wajah mereka di sana, mereka lebih dikenal.

it's called agenda setting.

Majalah Fast Company menerapkan ide itu.

How many people knew the founders of Facebook and Google

Ini sampulnya pada 15 November 2010.

before their faces were on a magazine cover?

Putting them there made them more recognizable.

Terbitan ini membahas perempuan paling mencolok dan berpengaruh dalam teknologi.

Now, Fast Company Magazine embraces that idea.

Editor Robert Safian berkata kepada Institut Poynter,

This is its cover from November 15, 2010.

“Silicon Valley dipenuhi orang kulit putih dan pria.

The issue is about the most prominent and influential women in technology.

Tapi, bukan itu yang Fast Company pikirkan mengenai dunia bisnis ke depannya.

Editor Robert Safian told the Poynter Institute,

Jadi, sampul ini memberi gambaran ke mana globalisasi bergerak.”

"Silicon Valley is very white and very male.

But that's not what Fast Company thinks

Rupanya, hal ini mengena ke Wired.

the business world will look like in the future,

Inilah terbitan Aprilnya.

so it tries to give a picture of where the globalized world is moving."

(Tawa)

Dia Limor Fried, pendiri Adafruit Industries,

By the way, apparently, Wired took all this to heart.

dalam pose Rosie the Riveter.

This was its issue in April.

Dampaknya akan besar jika ada lebih banyak perempuan memimpin di media.

(Laughter)

That's Limor Fried, the founder of Adafruit Industries,

Survei dunia terbaru menyebut 73% profesi manajemen media terkenal

in the Rosie the Riveter pose.

masih dipegang laki-laki.

It would help to have more women in positions of leadership in media.

Namun, ada pula hal yang lebih kompleks: bias bawah sadar kita dan titik buta.

A recent global survey

found that 73 percent of the top media-management jobs

are still held by men.

Shankar Vedantam adalah penulis buku

“The Hidden Brain: How Our Unconscious Minds Elect Presidents,

But this is also about something far more complex:

our own unconscious biases and blind spots.

Control Markets, Wage Wars, and Save Our Lives.”

Dia memberi tahu mantan ombudsman di National Public Radio,

Shankar Vedantam is the author

of "The Hidden Brain: How Our Unconscious Minds Elect Presidents,

yang melaporkan kondisi perempuan lewat liputan NPR,

Control Markets, Wage Wars, and Save Our Lives."

bila bias bawah sadar mengalir sepanjang hidup kita.

He told the former ombudsman at National Public Radio,

Sangat sulit menguraikan benangnya.

who was doing a report on how women fare in NPR coverage,

Namun, dia punya satu saran.

unconscious bias flows throughout most of our lives.

Dia pernah bekerja untuk dua editor

It's really difficult to disentangle those strands.

yang mengatakan tiap berita harus punya setidaknya satu narasumber perempuan.

But he did have one suggestion.

Awalnya dia ragu, tapi kemudian mengikuti arahan itu dengan senang

He used to work for two editors

karena beritanya jadi lebih baik dan pekerjaannya lebih mudah.

who said every story had to have at least one female source.

Aku tidak tahu apakah salah satu editor itu perempuan,

He balked at first,

but said he eventually followed the directive happily,

tapi cara itu bisa membuat perubahan besar.

because his stories got better

The Dallas Morning News memenangkan Penghargaan Pulitzer pada 1994

and his job got easier.

Now, I don't know if one of the editors was a woman,

karena serial perempuan di seluruh dunia.

but that can make the biggest difference.

Salah satu reporternya memberitahuku bahwa hal itu pasti tak pernah terjadi

The Dallas Morning News won a Pulitzer Prize in 1994

jika mereka tidak punya asisten editor mancanegara perempuan.

for a series it did on women around the world,

Mereka pun tak akan pernah memperoleh beritanya

but one of the reporters told me

tanpa reporter dan editor perempuan di lapangan,

she's convinced it never would have happened

if they had not had a female assistant foreign editor,

terutama saat meliput sunat perempuan.

Laki-laki tidak akan bisa meliput peristiwa itu.

and they would not have gotten some of those stories

without female reporters and editors on the ground,

Hal ini menjadi poin pertimbangan penting

karena politik luar negeri kita kini berkutat di negara-negara

particularly one on female genital mutilation --

yang bermasalah dalam memperlakukan perempuan,

men would just not be allowed into those situations.

contohnya Afganistan.

This is an important point to consider,

because much of our foreign policy now revolves around countries

Kita diberitahu bahwa adanya pertentangan meninggalkan negara ini

where the treatment of women is an issue,

dikarenakan nasib perempuan begitu diutamakan.

such as Afghanistan.

Aku yakin reporter laki-laki di Kabul bisa mengajak perempuan untuk diwawancara.

What we're told in terms of arguments against leaving this country

is that the fate of the women is primary.

Aku ragu kalau perempuannya dari desa atau daerah tradisional,

yang kurasa tak boleh bicara dengan laki-laki asing.

Now, I'm sure a male reporter in Kabul can find women to interview.

Penting untuk terus membicarakan hal ini, terutama karena Lara Logan.

Not so sure about rural, traditional areas,

Dia adalah koresponden CBS News

where I'm guessing women can't talk to strange men.

yang dilecehkan secara biadab di Tahrir Square, Mesir,

It's important to keep talking about this, in light of Lara Logan.

tepat setelah foto ini diambil.

Segera setelahnya, para pakar berpendapat dan menyalahkan Logan dengan mengatakan,

She was the CBS News correspondent

who was brutally sexually assaulted in Egypt's Tahrir Square,

right after this photo was taken.

“Mungkin perempuan tidak seharusnya dikirim untuk meliput berita itu.”

Almost immediately, pundits weighed in,

Tidak pernah ada yang mengatakannya pada Anderson Cooper dan krunya

blaming her and saying things like,

saat mereka diserang karena meliput berita yang sama.

"You know, maybe women shouldn't be sent to cover those stories."

Cara melibatkan lebih perempuan dalam kepemimpinan

I never heard anyone say this about Anderson Cooper and his crew,

adalah bimbingan dari perempuan lainnya.

Salah satu anggota direksiku adalah editor di perusahaan media berskala global.

who were attacked covering the same story.

Wanita ini tak menganggapnya sebagai pilihan karier,

One way to get more women into leadership

is to have other women mentor them.

sampai dia bertemu perempuan inspiratif di JAWS.

One of my board members is an editor at a major global media company,

Namun, isu ini tidak cuma diembankan ke jurnalis super atau organisasiku.

but she never thought about this as a career path,

Kalian punya keterlibatan terhadap media yang hidup dan kuat.

until she met female role models at JAWS.

Selidiki beritamu.

But this is not just a job for super-journalists

Bicaralah ketika ada celah yang hilang dalam liputan,

or my organization.

seperti pada laporan The New York Times.

You all have a stake in a strong, vibrant media.

Sarankan narasumber perempuan kepada reporter dan editor.

Analyze your news.

Ingat, gambaran utuh realitas mungkin bergantung padanya.

And speak up when there are gaps missing in coverage,

like people at The New York Times did.

Kuakhiri ini dengan klip video

Suggest female sources to reporters and editors.

yang pertama kutonton pada [1987] saat aku masih jadi pelajar di London.

Remember -- a complete picture of reality may depend upon it.

Video ini untuk koran The Guardian,

jauh sebelum aku berpikir ingin menjadi jurnalis.

And I'll leave you with a video clip

Namun, saat itu aku tertarik mempelajari cara melihat dunia kita.

that I first saw in [1987] when I was a student in London.

It's for The Guardian newspaper.

Narator: Peristiwa yang dilihat dari satu sudut pandang

It's actually long before I ever thought about becoming a journalist,

memberi satu kesan.

but I was very interested in how we learn to perceive our world.

Narrator: An event seen from one point of view gives one impression.

Melihatnya dari sudut pandang lain akan memberikan kesan berbeda.

Namun, hanya saat kau mendapat gambaran utuh,

Seen from another point of view,

kau bisa mengerti apa yang benar terjadi.

it gives quite a different impression.

But it's only when you get the whole picture,

[The Guardian]

you can fully understand what's going on.

Megan Kemerick: Kupikir kalian setuju bila lebih baik kita punya gambaran utuh.

(Tepuk Tangan)

[The Guardian]

Megan Kamerick: I think you'll all agree

that we'd be better off if we all had the whole picture.