Megan Kamerick: Women should represent women in media

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

Like most journalists, I'm an idealist.

Kao većina novinara, i ja sam idealist.

I love unearthing good stories, especially untold stories.

Volim pronalaziti dobre priče, pogotovo one neispričane.

I just didn't think that in 2011,

No nisam mislila kako će, u 2011,

women would still be in that category.

žene još uvijek pripadati toj kategoriji.

I'm the President of the Journalism and Women Symposium -- JAWS.

Predsjednica sam projekta Simpozij Novinarstva i Žena.

JAWS (ralje). Vrlo oštro. (Smijeh)

That's Sharky.

(Laughter)

I joined 10 years ago because I wanted female role models,

Pridružila sam im se prije 10 godina zato što sam htjela žene uzore,

i bila sam frustrirana statusom žena

and I was frustrated by the lagging status of women in our profession

u našoj profesiji, i ono što je to značilo za našu sliku

and what that meant for our image in the media.

u medijima.

We make up half the population of the world,

Činimo polovicu svjetske populacije,

but we're just 24 percent of the news subjects

ali u vijestima činimo samo 24 posto tema

quoted in news stories.

izrečenih u pričama,

And we're just 20 percent of the experts quoted in stories.

i činimo samo 20 posto stručnjaka koji su citirani u novostima,

And now, with today's technology,

i sada, s današnjom tehnologijom,

it's possible to remove women from the picture completely.

moguće je u potpunosti ukloniti žene iz tog područja.

This is a picture of President Barack Obama and his advisors,

Ovo je slika predsjednika Baracka Obame

i njegovih savjetnika kako prate ubojstvo Osame bin Ladena.

tracking the killing of Osama bin Laden.

You can see Hillary Clinton on the right.

Lijevo možete vidjeti Hillary Clinton.

Idemo vidjeti kako je slika prikazana

Let's see how the photo ran

in an Orthodox Jewish newspaper based in Brooklyn.

u ortodoksnim židovskim novinama sa sjedištem u Brooklynu.

Hillary's completely gone.

Hillary je nestala. (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

The paper apologized, but said it never runs photos of women;

Novine su se ispričale, ali su dodali

kako nikada ne stavljaju slike žena.

they might be sexually provocative.

Mogu biti seksualno provokativne. (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

This is an extreme case, yes.

Ovo je ekstreman slučaj, da ,ali činjenica je da

But the fact is,

žene danas čine samo 19 posto izvora

women are only 19 percent of the sources in stories on politics,

u političkim novostima,

and only 20 percent in stories on the economy.

I samo 20 posto u onima vezanima za ekonomiju.

Vijesti nam nastavljaju davati sliku gdje muškarci

The news continues to give us a picture

nadmašuju broj žena u skoro svim vodećim kategorijama

where men outnumber women

in nearly all occupational categories, except two:

osim u dvije: studenti i domaćinstvo. (Smijeh)

students and homemakers.

(Laughter)

So we all get a very distorted picture of reality.

Tako svi dobivamo iskrivljenu sliku stvarnosti.

Problem je, naravno,

The problem is, of course, there aren't enough women in newsrooms.

to što nema dovoljno žena u redakcijama.

They report at just 37 percent of stories in print, TV and radio.

One izvješćuju samo 37posto priča

u novinama, TV-u i radiju.

Even in stories on gender-based violence,

Čak i u pričama o seksualnom nasilju,

muškarci imaju veliku većinu, kada se radi o medijima u pisanom obliku

men get an overwhelming majority of print space and airtime.

i radiju.

Case in point:

No,

This March, the New York Times ran a story by James McKinley

ovog ožujka, New York Times je imao priču

Jamesa McKinleya o grupnom silovanju mlade djevočice,

about a gang rape of a young girl,

11 years old, in a small Texas town.

jedanaestogodišnje curice, u malom gradu u Teksasu.

McKinley writes that the community is wondering,

McKinley je napisao kako se okolina zapitala,

„Što je počinitelje privuklo tome zločinu?“

"How could their boys have been drawn into this?"

„Što ih je privuklo“, kao da su bili

"Drawn into this" --

like they were seduced into committing an act of violence.

privučeni činu zločina.

And the first person he quotes says,

Prva osoba koju je citirao rekla je,

"These boys will have to live with this the rest of their lives."

„Počinitelji će s time morati živjeti do kraja života.“

(Groans, laughter)

(Reakcije publike)

You don't hear much about the 11-year-old victim,

Ne čujete puno o jedanaestogodišnjoj žrtvi,

except that she wore clothes that were a little old for her

osim da je nosila odjeću neprimjerenu toj dobi

i da je bila našminkana.

and she wore makeup.

The Times was deluged with criticism.

Časopis je primio bezbroj kritika.

Initially, it defended itself,

Na kraju su se obranili rekavši, „To nisu naša stajališta.

and said, "These aren't our views.

To je ono što je proizašlo iz naše reportaže.“

This is what we found in our reporting."

Now, here's a secret you probably know already:

Sada, evo vam tajne koju sigurno već znate:

Your stories are constructed.

Reportaže se konstruiraju.

As reporters, we research, we interview.

Kao reporteri, mi istražujemo i intervjuiramo.

Pokušavamo dati realističnu sliku stvarnosti.

We try to give a good picture of reality.

We also have our own unconscious biases.

Mi, također, imamo svoje nesvjesne predrasude

But The Times makes it sound like anyone would have reported this story

ali Times se opravdao kao da bi

svatko iznio ovu reportažu na isti način.

the same way.

I disagree with that.

Ja se ne slažem s tim.

Tri tjedna kasnije, Times je ponovno objavio istu priču.

So three weeks later,

The Times revisits the story.

This time, it adds another byline to it with McKinley's:

Ali ovaj puta uz McKinleyevu je dodana i druga verzija:

ona Erice Goode.

Erica Goode.

What emerges is a truly sad, horrific tale

Iz toga proizlazi vrlo tužna, užasavajuća priča o djevojčici

of a young girl and her family trapped in poverty.

i njezinoj obitelji zarobljenoj u neimaštini.

She was raped numerous times by many men.

Ona je silovana više puta od strane mnogih muškaraca.

She had been a bright, easygoing girl.

Bila je vrlo bistra, vesela djevojčica.

She was maturing quickly, physically,

Razvijala se brzo, fizički,

but her bed was still covered with stuffed animals.

ali krevet joj je još uvijek bio pokriven plišanim igračkama.

It's a very different picture.

To je velik kontrast.

Perhaps the addition of Ms. Goode is what made this story more complete.

Njezin dodatak

je ono što je priču učinilo potpunom.

The Global Media Monitoring Project has found that stories by female reporters

Global Media Monitoring Project utvrdio je

kako priče ženskih reporterki imaju veći potencijal

are more likely to challenge stereotypes than those by male reporters.

za izazivanje stereotipa nego priče muških reportera.

At KUNM here in Albuquerque,

Na KUNM-u ovdje u Albequerqueu, Elaine Baumergartel

Elaine Baumgartel did some graduate research

je kao temu diplomskog imala istraživanje

on the coverage of violence against women.

nasilja prema ženama.

What she found was many of these stories tend to blame victims

Otkrila je kako puno takvih priča i reportaža

često krive žrtve i omalovažavaju njihove živote.

and devalue their lives.

They tend to sensationalize, and they lack context.

Priču predstavljaju kao senzaciju i manjka im sadržaja.

So for her graduate work,

Tako je za svoj diplomski rad, u tri dijela obradila priču

she did a three-part series on the murder of 11 women,

o ubojstvu 11 žena

found buried on Albuquerque's West Mesa.

pronađenih u okružju Alberquerquea –u West Mesi.

Pokušala je osporiti te obrasce i stereotipe

She tried to challenge those patterns and stereotypes in her work

u svome poslu te je pokušala prikazati izazove

and she tried to show the challenges that journalists face

s kojima se novinari susreću, od vanjskih izvora,

from external sources, their own internal biases

vlastitih unutarnjih predrasuda i kulturnih normi

and cultural norms.

And she worked with an editor at National Public Radio

surađivala je s urednicom na Nacionalnom radiju

to try to get a story aired nationally.

kako bi priču prikazali diljem zemlje.

She's not sure that would have happened if the editor had not been a female.

Nije sigurna da bi se to dogodilo

da je umjesto urednice radila sa urednikom.

Stories in the news

Priče u vijestima dva puta češće prikazuju

are more than twice as likely to present women as victims than men,

žene kao žrtve nego muškarce

and women are more likely to be defined by their body parts.

i žene su češće određene

djelovima svoga tijela.

Wired magazine, November 2010.

Časopis Wired, studeni 2010.

Yes, the issue was about breast-tissue engineering.

Da, to izdanje govorilo je o rekonstrukciji grudi.

Now I know you're all distracted, so I'll take that off.

Znam da ste svi vrlo ometeni, pa ću maknuti naslovnicu. (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

Eyes up here.

Oči gore. (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

So --

Pa – (Pljesak)

(Applause)

Ovako.

Here's the thing:

Wired almost never puts women on its cover.

Časopis Wired gotovo nikad ne stavlja žene na naslovnicu,

Oh, there have been some gimmicky ones --

No, bilo je nekoliko varljivih.

Pam iz „Ureda“

Pam from "The Office,"

Djevojke iz manga stripova.

manga girls,

a voluptuous model covered in synthetic diamonds.

Zanosna manekenka pokrivena sintetičkim dijamantima.

Texas State University professor Cindy Royal wondered in her blog

Sveučilišna profesorica iz Teksasa, Cindy Royal zapitala se

na svome blogu „Kako bi se mlade studentice, poput njezinih,

how are young women like her students supposed to feel about their roles

trebale osjećati u vezi svoje uloge u svijetu tehnologije čitajući Wired?“

in technology, reading Wired.

Chris Anderson, the editor of Wired, defended his choice

Chris Andreson, urednik časopisa Wired, branio je svoje izbore

and said there aren't enough women, prominent women

govoreći kako u tehnologiji nema dovoljno istaknutih žena

in technology to sell a cover, to sell an issue.

koje bi mogle prodati časopis.

Part of that is true,

Dio toga je istina. Nema puno

there aren't as many prominent women in technology.

istaknutih žena u svijetu tehnologije.

Here's my problem with that argument:

No, imam problem s tom izjavom.

Media tells us every day what's important,

Mediji nam svakodnevno govore što je bitno

by the stories they choose and where they place them;

pričama koje izabiru i mjestima na koja ih odlučuju plasirati.

it's called agenda setting.

To je medijska manipulacija.

How many people knew the founders of Facebook and Google

Koliko je ljudi znalo osnivače Facebooka

i Googla prije nego su njihova lica osvanula na naslovnim stranicama časopisa?

before their faces were on a magazine cover?

Putting them there made them more recognizable.

Stavljajući ih na naslovnu stranicu učinili su ih prepoznatljivijima.

Now, Fast Company Magazine embraces that idea.

Sada, Fast Company Magazine prihvaća tu ideju.

This is its cover from November 15, 2010.

Ovo je bila njihova naslovnica 15. studenog 2010.

The issue is about the most prominent and influential women in technology.

Tema tog izdanja bile su najistaknutije i najutjecajnije žene

u svijetu tehnologije.

Editor Robert Safian told the Poynter Institute,

Urednik Robert Safian je za Poynter Institute izjavio,

"Silicon Valley is very white and very male.

„U Silicijskoj Dolini dominiraju bijelci i muškarci,

ali to nije kako Fast Company misli da će poslovni svijet

But that's not what Fast Company thinks

the business world will look like in the future,

izgledati u budućnosti, pa tako pokušava prikazati

so it tries to give a picture of where the globalized world is moving."

kamo globalizirani svijet ide.“

By the way, apparently, Wired took all this to heart.

Usput, navodno je časopis Wired sve to primio k srcu.

Ovo je bilo njihovo izdanje u travnju. (Smijeh)

This was its issue in April.

(Laughter)

That's Limor Fried, the founder of Adafruit Industries,

Ovo je Limor Fried, osnivačica tvrtke „Adafruit Industries“,

in the Rosie the Riveter pose.

pozira u stilu Rosie the Riveter.

It would help to have more women in positions of leadership in media.

Pomoglo bi kada bi bilo više žena na važnijim položajima

u medijima. Nedavnom globalnom anketom utvrdilo se kako

A recent global survey

found that 73 percent of the top media-management jobs

73 posto glavnih poslovnih položaja u medijima

zauzimaju muškarci.

are still held by men.

But this is also about something far more complex:

Ali ovdje se također radi o nečem puno složenijem:

our own unconscious biases and blind spots.

vlastitim nesvjesnim predrasudama i slijepim područjima.

Shankar Vedantam is the author

Shankar Vedantam je autor knjige „Skriveni mozak:

of "The Hidden Brain: How Our Unconscious Minds Elect Presidents,

kako naš nesvjestan um izabire predsjednike,

Control Markets, Wage Wars, and Save Our Lives."

kontrolira tržišta, vodi ratove i spašava naše živote.“

He told the former ombudsman at National Public Radio,

On je na Nacionalnom javnom radiju bivšem pučkom pravobranitelju,

koji je imao

who was doing a report on how women fare in NPR coverage,

izvještaj o tome kako žene žive u NPR pokrivenosti,

unconscious bias flows throughout most of our lives.

rekao da se nesvjesne predrasude provlače kroz naš život.

It's really difficult to disentangle those strands.

Jako je teško otpetljati sve te niti.

Ali imao je jedan prijedlog.

But he did have one suggestion.

He used to work for two editors

On je prije radio za 2 izdavača koja su govorila kako

who said every story had to have at least one female source.

svaka priča mora imati barem jedan ženski izvor.

Isprva je oklijevao, ali je s vremenom

He balked at first,

but said he eventually followed the directive happily,

prihvatio to pravilo jer su mu priče postajale sve bolje,

because his stories got better

a posao sve lakši.

and his job got easier.

Now, I don't know if one of the editors was a woman,

Sada, ne znam je li jedna od urednica bila žena,

but that can make the biggest difference.

ali to može uvelike promjeniti stvar.

The Dallas Morning News won a Pulitzer Prize in 1994

Dallas Morning News su 1994. osvojili Pulitzerovu nagradu

za reportažu o ženama diljem svijeta,

for a series it did on women around the world,

but one of the reporters told me

ali jedna od reporterki mi je rekla kako je uvjerena

she's convinced it never would have happened

da se to nikada ne bi dogodilo da nisu imali

if they had not had a female assistant foreign editor,

žensku pomoćnu stranu urednicu

and they would not have gotten some of those stories

i nikada ne bi saznali neke od tih priča

without female reporters and editors on the ground,

bez ženskih reporterki i urednica na terenu,

particularly one on female genital mutilation --

posebice priču o mutacijama ženskog spolovila.

men would just not be allowed into those situations.

Muškarci jednostavno ne bi bili primjereni u takvim situacijama.

This is an important point to consider,

To je vrlo važna činjenica

because much of our foreign policy now revolves around countries

zato što se veliki dio naše strane politike vrti oko

zemalja u kojima je način tretiranja žena veliki problem,

where the treatment of women is an issue,

kao u Afganistanu.

such as Afghanistan.

What we're told in terms of arguments against leaving this country

Ono što je nama rečeno kao argument protiv napuštanja

takvih zemalja jest kako je sudbina žena primarna.

is that the fate of the women is primary.

Now, I'm sure a male reporter in Kabul can find women to interview.

Sigurna sam da muški reporter u Kabulu može pronaći žene

za intervju. Ali nisam tako sigurna za ruralne, tradicionalne djelove

Not so sure about rural, traditional areas,

gdje žene vjerojatno ne smiju razgovarati s nepoznatim muškarcima.

where I'm guessing women can't talk to strange men.

It's important to keep talking about this, in light of Lara Logan.

Vrlo je bitno nastaviti pričati o tome

u svijetlu Lare Logan.

She was the CBS News correspondent

Ona je bila dopisnica za CBS, koja je bila

who was brutally sexually assaulted in Egypt's Tahrir Square,

vrlo brutalno seksualno zlostavljana na trgu Tahrir u Egiptu

right after this photo was taken.

odmah nakon što je ova slika nastala.

Gotovo odmah, javili su se analitičari te su

Almost immediately, pundits weighed in,

blaming her and saying things like,

okrivili ženu govoreći stvari poput, „Možda ženama

ne bi trebalo biti dopušteno obrađivanje takvih priča.“

"You know, maybe women shouldn't be sent to cover those stories."

I never heard anyone say this about Anderson Cooper and his crew,

Nikada nisam čula nikoga da tako priča o Andrersonu Cooperu

who were attacked covering the same story.

i njegovoj ekipi, koje su također napali dok su radili na istoj priči.

One way to get more women into leadership

Jedan način kako uvesti više žena u vodstvo

is to have other women mentor them.

je da ih druge žene podučavaju.

One of my board members is an editor at a major global media company,

Jedna članica moje ekipe urednica je u jednoj velikoj

globalnoj medijskoj kompaniji, ali ona nikada nije o tome razmišljala

but she never thought about this as a career path,

kao o karijeri, sve dok nije upoznala ženske uzore u JAWS.

until she met female role models at JAWS.

But this is not just a job for super-journalists

Ali taj posao nije samo za super novinare

or my organization.

ili moju organizaciju. Svi vi imate udio u jakom,

You all have a stake in a strong, vibrant media.

razvojnom mediju.

Analyze your news.

Analizirajte vijesti i pobunite se kada postoje nedostaci

And speak up when there are gaps missing in coverage,

u reportažama, baš kao što su to napravili ljudi iz New York Timesa.

like people at The New York Times did.

Suggest female sources to reporters and editors.

Predložite žene za posao novinara i urednika.

Remember -- a complete picture of reality may depend upon it.

Zapamtite, cijelokupna slika stvarnosti

možda ovisi o tome.

And I'll leave you with a video clip

Ostavljam vas s video isječkom koji sam prvi puta vidjela 2007. godine

that I first saw in [1987] when I was a student in London.

dok sam studirala u Londonu.

Video je za novine „Guardian“.

It's for The Guardian newspaper.

It's actually long before I ever thought about becoming a journalist,

To je zapravo bilo puno prije nego što sam razmišljala

o poslu novinara, ali me jako zanimao

but I was very interested in how we learn to perceive our world.

način na koji učimo percipirati naš svijet.

Narrator: An event seen from one point of view gives one impression.

Pripovjedač: Događaj viđen iz jednog kuta

stvara jedan dojam.

Seen from another point of view,

Viđen iz drugog kuta,

it gives quite a different impression.

stvara sasvim drugačiji dojam.

But it's only when you get the whole picture,

Ali samo kada vidimo potpunu sliku,

you can fully understand what's going on.

možemo u potpunosti razumjeti što se događa.

[The Guardian]

„The Guardian“

Megan Kamerick: I think you'll all agree

Megan Kamerick: Mislim da ćete se svi složiti sa mnom

kada kažem da bi nam svima bilo bolje kada bismo imali potpunu sliku.

that we'd be better off if we all had the whole picture.