What's normal anxiety -- and what's an anxiety disorder? | Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter | TED

We live in a culture that doesn't take mental health

Prevoditelj: Mirela Ivoš Recezent: Petra Lauš

Živimo u kulturi

koja probleme mentalnog zdravlja ne uzima zaozbiljno.

issues seriously.

There's a lot of stigma.

Postoji puno stigme.

Neki će vam ljudi reći da istrpite,

Some people tell you to just suck it up, or get it together, or to stop worrying,

ili da se saberete, ili da se prestanete brinuti,

or that it's all in your head.

ili kako je sve to u vašoj glavi.

But I'm here to tell you that anxiety disorders,

Ali ja ću vam reći kako su anksiozni poremećaji

they're as real as diabetes.

jednako stvarni kao i dijabetes.

(Music) [Body Stuff with dr.

(Glazba)

[Body Stuff s dr. Jen Gunter]

Bok još jednom.

Jen Gunter] Hi again.

Ovdje dr. Jen

It's Dr. Jen, and I've noticed something

i uočila sam nešto kod svojih pacijenata.

with my patients.

They often describe to me some classic symptoms

Često mi opišu

neke klasične simptome anksioznog poremećaja.

of an anxiety disorder.

Constant worry, trouble sleeping, tense muscles and struggle

Konstantna briga, problemi sa spavanjem,

napeti mišići i problemi s koncentracijom.

with concentrating.

But they aren't getting treatment.

Ali oni se ne liječe.

There's a lot of issues with mental-health care in this country.

Puno je problema s liječenjem mentalnih teškoća u ovoj državi.

Some people don't have insurance that would cover it.

Neki ljudi nemaju osiguranje koje ga pokriva.

Some have been dismissed or minimized in the past,

Neki su bili odbačeni ili podcijenjeni u prošlosti

and don't think seeking help will do any good.

i misle kako traženje pomoći ne bi pomoglo.

Neki brinu o stigmi

Some worry about the stigma and whether it could affect

i hoće li utjecati na njihove buduće poslove ili odnose.

future jobs or relationships.

But severe anxiety isn't a moral or personal failing.

Ali ozbiljna anksioznost nije moralni ili osobni pad.

It's a health problem, just like strep throat or diabetes.

Ona je zdravstveni problem,

poput upale grla ili dijabetesa.

It needs to be treated with the same kind of seriousness.

Treba joj pristupiti s jednakom ozbiljnošću.

Before we can talk about anxiety disorders,

Prije nego počnemo pričati o anksioznim poremećajima,

popričajmo o samoj anksioznosti.

let's talk about anxiety itself.

Anxiety is the very real and normal emotion

Anksioznost je vrlo stvarna i normalna emocija

we feel in a stressful situation.

koju osjećamo u stresnoj situaciji.

It's related to fear.

Povezana je sa strahom.

But while fear is a response to an immediate threat

Ali dok je strah odgovor na neposrednu prijetnju

that quickly subsides, anxiety is a response

koji brzo prolazi,

anksioznost je odgovor na više neodređene prijetnje

to more uncertain threats that tends to last much longer.

koji ima tendenciju trajati puno duže.

It's all part of the threat detection system,

Sve je to dio sustava prepoznavanja prijetnje

which all animals have to some degree, to help protect us from predators.

koji sve životinje u određenoj mjeri imaju

kako bi nas zaštitio od predatora.

Anksioznost započinje u amigdali,

Anxiety starts in the brain's amygdala, a pair of almond-sized nerve bundles

paru snopova živaca veličine badema

that alert other areas of the brain to be ready for defensive action.

koji upozoravaju druge dijelove mozga da se pripreme na obrambenu akciju.

Next, the hypothalamus relays the signal, setting off what we call

Nadalje, hipotalamus prenosi signal

pokrećući ono što zovemo tjelesnim odgovorom na stres.

the stress response in our body.

Our muscles tense, our breathing and heart rate increase

Naši se mišići napinju,

disanje i otkucaji srca se ubrzavaju

and our blood pressure rises.

i naš se krvni tlak povisuje.

Areas in the brain stem kick in and put you in a state of high alertness.

Pale se dijelovi moždanog debla

i dovode vas u stanje visoke pripravnosti.

This is the fight-or-flight response.

Tijelo se priprema na borbu ili bijeg.

There are ways the fight-or-flight response

Postoje načini da se reakcije borbe ili bijega

is kept somewhat in check, with an area of higher-level thinking

donekle drže pod kontrolom,

pomoću više razine mišljenja ventromedijalnog prefrontalnog korteksa.

called the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

It works like this.

Ovako to funkcionira.

If a person sees something they think is dangerous, like a tiger,

Ako osoba vidi nešto što smatra opasnim, poput tigra,

that sends a signal to the amygdala, saying "it's time to run."

to šalje signal amigdali, govoreći “vrijeme je za bijeg”.

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex can say to the amygdala,

Ventromedijalni prefrontalni korteks može reći amigdali:

"Hey, look.

“Hej, vidi. Tigar je u kavezu.

The tiger's in a cage.

You know what a cage is?

Znaš li što je kavez? Oni ne mogu pobjeći iz kaveza.

They can't escape from a cage.

OK je smiriti se.”

It's OK to calm down."

It's a feedback loop that can help keep the response in check.

To je povratna informacija koja može pomoći provjeriti reakciju.

The hippocampus is also involved.

Hipokampus je također uključen.

It provides context, saying things like, "Hey, we've seen tigers in cages before.

On pruža kontekst, govoreći nešto poput:

“Hej, već smo vidjeli tigrove u kavezima.

We're in a zoo.

U zoološkom smo. Zaista si sigurna.”

You are extra safe."

With anxiety, these threat-detection systems

S anksioznošću,

ti sustavi i mehanizmi prepoznavanja prijetnji koji ih smanjuju ili inhibiraju

and mechanisms that reduce or inhibit them are functioning incorrectly

funkcioniraju nepravilno

što nas čini zabrinutima o budućnosti i našoj sigurnosti u njoj.

and cause us to worry about the future and our safety in it.

But for many people, it goes into overdrive.

Ali za mnoge ljude, to je pretjerano.

They experience persistent pervasive anxiety

Oni proživljavaju upornu prožimajuću anksioznost

that disrupts work, school, and relationships

koja ometa rad, školu i odnose

and leads them to avoid situations that may trigger symptoms.

te dovodi ljude do izbjegavanja situacija koje mogu potaknuti simptome.

Anxiety disorders are not at all uncommon.

Anksiozni poremećaji nisu nimalo neuobičajeni.

Based on data from the World Mental Health Survey,

Prema podacima Svjetskog upitnika o mentalnom zdravlju,

researchers estimate that about 16% of individuals

istraživači procjenjuju kako 16% pojedinaca

currently have or have had an anxiety disorder.

trenutno ima ili je imalo anksiozni poremećaj.

These include social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia and phobias.

Oni uključuju socijalni anksiozni poremećaj,

panični poremećaj, agorafobiju i druge fobije.

Studies have shown that people with anxiety disorders

Studije su pokazale da ljudi s anksioznim poremećajima

don't just have a different way of reacting to stress.

nemaju samo drugačiji način reagiranja na stres.

There may be actual differences in how their brain is working.

Moguće su prave razlike u načinu funkcioniranja njihovih mozgova.

One model describes possible mix-ups in the connections between the amygdala

Jedan model opisuje moguće konfuzije

u vezama između amigdale i drugih dijelova mozga.

and other parts of the brain.

The pathways that signal anxiety become stronger.

Putevi koji prenose signal za anksioznost postaju čvršći.

And the more anxiety you have, the stronger the pathways become,

I što ste anksiozniji, to jači postaju putevi

and it becomes a vicious cycle.

te to postaje začarani krug.

The good news is there's treatment for anxiety,

Dobra je vijest što postoji lijek za anksioznost

and that you don't have to suffer.

i što ne morate patiti.

Remember, this isn't about weakness.

Zapamtite, nije riječ o slabosti.

It's about changing brain patterns, and research shows that our brains

Riječ je o promjenama u obrascima mozga,

a prema istraživanjima naši mozgovi

have the ability to reorganize and form new connections

imaju sposobnost prepoznavanja i stvaranja novih veza

all throughout our lives.

kroz cijeli naš život.

A good first step is to do the basics.

Dobar prvi korak je ono osnovno.

Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly

Jedite uravnoteženo,

vježbajte redovito

and get plenty of sleep, as your mind is part of your body.

i naspavajte se

jer je vaš um dio vašeg tijela.

It might also help to try meditation.

Također može pomoći da pokušate meditirati.

Instead of our heart rate rising and our body tensing,

Umjesto povećavanja broja otkucaja srca i napetosti tijela,

with mindfulness and breathing, we can slow down

pomoću osvještavanja i disanja

možemo usporiti reakciju borbe ili bijega

the fight-or-flight response and improve how we feel in the moment.

i poboljšati kako se osjećamo u trenutku.

Cognitive behavioral therapy, a form of talk therapy,

Kognitivno-bihevioralna terapija, oblik terapije razgovorom,

can also be fantastic.

može biti fantastična.

In it, you learn to identify upsetting thoughts

Kroz nju naučite prepoznati uznemirujuće misli

and determine whether they're realistic.

i odrediti jesu li realistične.

Over time, cognitive behavioral therapy can rebuild those neural pathways

S vremenom, kognitivno-bihevioralna terapija može obnoviti te neuralne puteve

that tamp down the anxiety response.

koji umanjuju anksioznu reakciju.

Lijekovi također mogu pružiti olakšanje,

Medication can also give relief, in both the short-term and the long-term.

kako kratkoročno, tako i dugoročno.

In the short-term, anti-anxiety drugs can down-regulate

Kratkoročno, lijekovi za anksioznost

mogu smanjiti regulaciju mehanizama otkrivanja prijetnji

the threat-detection mechanisms that are going into overdrive.

koji počinju pretjerivati.

Studies have shown that both long-term medications

Studije su pokazale kako i dugoročna uporaba lijekova

and cognitive behavioral therapy can reduce that overreactivity

i kognitivno-bihevioralna terapija

mogu smanjiti pretjeranu aktivnost amigdale

of the amygdala we see an anxiety disorders.

koju vidimo kod anksioznih poremećaja.

High blood pressure and diabetes, they can be treated or managed over time.

Visoki krvni tlak i dijabetes,

oni se mogu liječiti i kontrolirati s vremenom.

A isto vrijedi i za anksiozne poremećaje.

And the same is true for an anxiety disorder too.