James Hansen: Why I must speak out about climate change

345,223 views ・ 2012-03-07

TED


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Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG
00:15
What do I know
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Što ja to znam
00:17
that would cause me,
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što bi izazvalo da mene,
00:19
a reticent, Midwestern scientist,
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povučenog, srednjozapadnog znanstvenika
00:21
to get myself arrested
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uhite
00:24
in front of the White House protesting?
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zbog prosvjeda ispred Bijele kuće?
00:27
And what would you do
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I što biste vi učinili
00:29
if you knew what I know?
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da znate ono što ja znam?
00:31
Let's start with how I got to this point.
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Započnimo s time kako sam došao do ove točke.
00:35
I was lucky to grow up
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Imao sam sreće što sam odrastao
00:37
at a time when it was not difficult
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u vrijeme kada za
00:40
for the child of a tenant farmer
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dijete farmera nije bilo teško
00:42
to make his way to the state university.
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otići na državno sveučilište.
00:44
And I was really lucky
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I zaista sam imao sreće
00:47
to go to the University of Iowa
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što sam išao na Sveučilište u Iowi
00:49
where I could study under Professor James Van Allen
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gdje sam mogao učiti od profesora Jamesa Van Allena
00:52
who built instruments
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koji je napravio alat
00:54
for the first U.S. satellites.
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za prve američke satelite.
00:56
Professor Van Allen told me
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Profesor Van Allen govorio mi je
00:59
about observations of Venus,
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o promatranjima Venere,
01:02
that there was intense microwave radiation.
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o tome kako tamo postoji jako mikrovalno zračenje.
01:04
Did it mean that Venus had an ionosphere?
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Je li to značilo da Venera ima ionosferu?
01:07
Or was Venus extremely hot?
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Ili je Venera iznimno vruća?
01:09
The right answer,
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Točan odgovor,
01:11
confirmed by the Soviet Venera spacecraft,
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potvrđen od strane svemirske letjelice sovjetska Venera
01:16
was that Venus was very hot --
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jest da je Venera vrlo vruća –
01:19
900 degrees Fahrenheit.
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480°C.
01:21
And it was kept hot
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A vrućom je održava
01:23
by a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere.
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tanka atmosfera ugljičnog dioksida.
01:26
I was fortunate to join NASA
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Imao sam sreću pridružiti se NASA-i
01:28
and successfully propose
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i uspješno predložiti
01:30
an experiment to fly to Venus.
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eksperiment leta na Veneru.
01:32
Our instrument took this image
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Naši su aparati snimili ovu sliku
01:35
of the veil of Venus,
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vea oko Venere,
01:37
which turned out to be
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za što se ispostavilo
01:39
a smog of sulfuric acid.
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da je smog sumporne kiseline.
01:42
But while our instrument was being built,
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Ali dok su naši aparati bili u izradi,
01:45
I became involved in calculations
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uključen sam u kalkulacije
01:47
of the greenhouse effect
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o efektu staklenika
01:49
here on Earth,
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ovdje na Zemlji
01:51
because we realized
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jer smo shvatili
01:53
that our atmospheric composition was changing.
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da se naš atmosferski sastav mijenja.
01:56
Eventually, I resigned
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S vremenom sam dao ostavku
01:58
as principal investigator
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na mjestu glavnog istraživača
02:00
on our Venus experiment
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na eksperimentu Venera
02:02
because a planet changing before our eyes
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jer je planet koji nam se mijenja pred očima
02:05
is more interesting and important.
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zanimljiviji i važniji.
02:07
Its changes will affect all of humanity.
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Te će promjene utjecati na cijeli ljudski rod.
02:10
The greenhouse effect had been well understood
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Efekt staklenika vrlo je dobro poznat
02:12
for more than a century.
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već više od stoljeća.
02:14
British physicist John Tyndall,
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Britanski fizičar John Tyndall,
02:16
in the 1850's,
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je 1850-ih,
02:18
made laboratory measurements
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napravio laboratorijska mjerenja
02:20
of the infrared radiation,
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infracrvenog zračenja,
02:22
which is heat.
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što je zapravo toplina.
02:24
And he showed that gasses such as CO2 absorb heat,
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I pokazao je da plinovi poput CO2 apsorbiraju toplinu
02:27
thus acting like a blanket
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te se tako ponašaju poput deke
02:30
warming Earth's surface.
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grijući površinu Zemlje.
02:32
I worked with other scientists
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Radio sam s drugim znanstvenicima
02:34
to analyze Earth climate observations.
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kako bih analizirao zapažanja u vezi Zemljine klime.
02:38
In 1981,
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1981.
02:40
we published an article in Science magazine
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objavili smo članak u časopisu Znanost
02:43
concluding that observed warming
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zaključujući da je opaženo zagrijavanje
02:45
of 0.4 degrees Celsius
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od 0.4°C
02:47
in the prior century
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u prošlom stoljeću,
02:49
was consistent with the greenhouse effect
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u skladu s efektom staklenika
02:51
of increasing CO2.
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i povećavanjem CO2.
02:53
That Earth would likely warm in the 1980's,
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Ta Zemlja bi se vjerojatno zagrijala 1980-ih,
02:56
and warming would exceed
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a zagrijavanje bi prekoračilo
02:58
the noise level of random weather
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razinu graje o nasumičnom vremenu
03:00
by the end of the century.
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do kraja stoljeća.
03:02
We also said that the 21st century
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Također smo rekli kako će se u 21. stoljeću
03:05
would see shifting climate zones,
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vidjeti pomicanje klimatskih zona,
03:07
creation of drought-prone regions
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stvaranje suši sklonih regija
03:09
in North America and Asia,
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u Sjevernoj Americi i Aziji,
03:11
erosion of ice sheets, rising sea levels
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erozija ledenih ploča, povisivanje razina mora
03:14
and opening of the fabled Northwest Passage.
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i otvaranje slavnog Sjeverozapadnog prolaza.
03:17
All of these impacts
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Svi su se ovi udari
03:19
have since either happened
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ili dogodili
03:21
or are now well under way.
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ili se upravo događaju.
03:23
That paper was reported on the front page of the New York Times
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Članak je bio na naslovnici New York Timesa
03:27
and led to me testifying to Congress
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i doveo me do svjedočenja Kongresu
03:29
in the 1980's,
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1980.,
03:31
testimony in which I emphasized
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svjedočenja u kojem sam naglasio
03:34
that global warming increases both extremes
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da globalno zagrijavanje povećava oba ekstrema
03:37
of the Earth's water cycle.
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u Zemljinom vodenom ciklusu.
03:40
Heatwaves and droughts on one hand,
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Toplinski valovi i suše s jedne strane,
03:42
directly from the warming,
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izravno od zagrijavanja,
03:44
but also, because a warmer atmosphere
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ali također, zbog toplije atmosfere
03:46
holds more water vapor
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sadrži više vodenih para
03:48
with its latent energy,
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unutar svoje skrivene energije
03:50
rainfall will become
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i oborine će se događati
03:52
in more extreme events.
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u sve ekstremnijim uvjetima.
03:54
There will be stronger storms and greater flooding.
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Bit će snažnijih oluja i većih poplava.
03:57
Global warming hoopla
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Globalno zagrijavanje
04:00
became time-consuming
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postalo je strašno dugotrajno
04:02
and distracted me from doing science --
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i odvratilo me od znanosti –
04:04
partly because I had complained
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djelomično zato što sam se žalio
04:06
that the White House altered my testimony.
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da mi je Bijela kuća izmijenila svjedočenje.
04:09
So I decided to go back
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Stoga sam se odlučio vratiti
04:11
to strictly doing science
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isključivo znanosti
04:13
and leave the communication to others.
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i ostaviti komunikaciju drugima.
04:17
By 15 years later,
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15 godina kasnije,
04:20
evidence of global warming was much stronger.
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dokaz globalnog zagrijavanja bio je mnogo veći.
04:23
Most of the things mentioned in our 1981 paper
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Većina stvari spomenutih u članku iz 1981.
04:26
were facts.
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bile su činjenice.
04:28
I had the privilege to speak twice
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Imao sam privilegiju dva puta govoriti
04:31
to the president's climate task force.
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pred predsjednikovom klimatskom operativnom grupom.
04:33
But energy policies continued to focus
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Ali energetska se politika nastavila fokusirati
04:36
on finding more fossil fuels.
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na pronalazak još više fosilnih goriva.
04:39
By then we had two grandchildren,
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Do tada smo imali dvoje unučadi,
04:42
Sophie and Connor.
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Sophie i Connora.
04:44
I decided
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Odlučio sam
04:46
that I did not want them in the future
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da ne želim da oni u budućnosti
04:48
to say, "Opa understood what was happening,
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kažu, „Djed je razumio što se događa,
04:50
but he didn't make it clear."
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ali nije to pojasnio.“
04:52
So I decided to give a public talk
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Stoga sam odlučio održati javni govor
04:55
criticizing the lack of an appropriate energy policy.
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kritizirajući nedostatak odgovarajuće energetske politike.
04:58
I gave the talk at the University of Iowa in 2004
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Održao sam govor na Sveučilištu u Iowi 2004.
05:01
and at the 2005 meeting
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i 2005. na susretu
05:04
of the American Geophysical Union.
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Američke geofizičke unije.
05:07
This led to calls
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To je dovelo do poziva
05:09
from the White House to NASA headquarters
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Bijele kuće do NASA-inih sjedišta
05:11
and I was told that I could not give any talks or speak with the media
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i rečeno mi je da više ne mogu držati nikakve govore ili komunicirati s medijima
05:14
without prior explicit approval
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bez izričitog odobrenja
05:17
by NASA headquarters.
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iz NASA-inog sjedišta.
05:20
After I informed the New York Times
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Nakon što sam informirao New York Times
05:22
about these restrictions,
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o ovim ograničenjima,
05:24
NASA was forced to end the censorship.
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NASA je bila prisiljena završiti s cenzurom.
05:27
But there were consequences.
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Ali postojale su posljedice.
05:29
I had been using the first line
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Koristio sam prvu rečenicu
05:31
of the NASA mission statement,
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iz NASA-ine predstavničke izjave,
05:33
"To understand and protect the home planet,"
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„Razumijevati i štititi planet“,
05:36
to justify my talks.
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kako bih opravdao svoje govore.
05:38
Soon the first line of the mission statement
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Uskoro je prva rečenica predstavničke izjave
05:40
was deleted, never to appear again.
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izbrisana i nikada se više nije pojavila.
05:44
Over the next few years
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Sljedećih nekoliko godina
05:46
I was drawn more and more
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sve sam više i više bio privučen
05:48
into trying to communicate the urgency
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pokušavanjem kako bih prenio hitnost
05:51
of a change in energy policies,
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promjena u energetsku politiku
05:54
while still researching the physics of climate change.
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dok sam još uvijek istraživao fiziku klimatskih promjena.
05:57
Let me describe the most important conclusion from the physics --
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Da vam opišem najvažniji zaključak iz fizike –
06:00
first, from Earth's energy balance
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prvo, iz Zemljinog energetskog balansa
06:03
and, second, from Earth's climate history.
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i drugo iz Zemljine klimatske povijesti.
06:07
Adding CO2 to the air
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Dodavanje CO2 zraku
06:09
is like throwing another blanket on the bed.
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je poput bacanja još jedne deke na krevet.
06:12
It reduces Earth's heat radiation to space,
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Smanjuje Zemljino zračenje topline u svemir
06:15
so there's a temporary energy imbalance.
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pa tu postoji privremeni energetski disbalans.
06:18
More energy is coming in
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Više energije ulazi
06:20
than going out,
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no što izlazi
06:22
until Earth warms up enough
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sve dok se Zemlja ponovno dovoljno ne zagrije
06:24
to again radiate to space
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kako bi zračila u svemir
06:26
as much energy as it absorbs from the Sun.
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onoliko energije koliko apsorbira iz Sunca.
06:28
So the key quantity
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Dakle, ključna količina
06:30
is Earth's energy imbalance.
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je Zemljin energetski disbalans.
06:33
Is there more energy coming in
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Ulazi li više energije
06:35
than going out?
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no što izlazi?
06:37
If so, more warming is in the pipeline.
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Ako je tako, čeka nas još zagrijavanja.
06:40
It will occur without adding any more greenhouse gasses.
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Pojavit će se bez dodavanja dodatnih stakleničkih plinova.
06:44
Now finally,
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Sada konačno
06:46
we can measure Earth's energy imbalance precisely
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možemo izmjeriti Zemljin energetski disbalans točno
06:50
by measuring the heat content
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mjereći toplinski sadržaj
06:52
in Earth's heat reservoirs.
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u Zemljinim toplinskim rezervoarima.
06:55
The biggest reservoir, the ocean, was the least well measured,
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Najveći rezervoar, ocean, najslabije je izmjeren
06:58
until more than 3,000 Argo floats
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sve dok više od 3.000 Argo plovaka
07:01
were distributed around the world's ocean.
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nije bilo raspodijeljeno po svjetskim oceanima.
07:04
These floats reveal
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Ti plovci otkrivaju
07:06
that the upper half of the ocean
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da gornja polovica oceana
07:08
is gaining heat at a substantial rate.
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dobiva toplinu sa značajnom stopom.
07:11
The deep ocean is also gaining heat at a smaller rate,
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Duboki ocean također dobiva toplinu s manjom stopom,
07:14
and energy is going
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a energija ide
07:16
into the net melting of ice all around the planet.
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u mrežu otopljenog leda širom cijelog planeta.
07:19
And the land, to depths of tens of meters,
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A tlo se do dubine od deset metara
07:22
is also warming.
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također zagrijava.
07:24
The total energy imbalance now
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Sada je ukupan energetski disbalans
07:27
is about six-tenths of a watt per square meter.
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oko šest stotinki vata po kvadratnom metru.
07:31
That may not sound like much,
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To možda ne zvuči puno,
07:33
but when added up over the whole world, it's enormous.
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ali kad se zbroji po cijelom svijetu, ogromno je.
07:36
It's about 20 times greater
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To je oko 20 puta veće
07:39
than the rate of energy use by all of humanity.
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od stope energije koju koristi cijelo čovječanstvo.
07:42
It's equivalent to exploding
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Jednako je eksploziji
07:44
400,000 Hiroshima atomic bombs per day
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400.000 atomskih bombi iz Hirošime po danu,
07:50
365 days per year.
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365 dana u godini.
07:53
That's how much extra energy
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Toliko dodatne energije
07:55
Earth is gaining each day.
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Zemlja dobije svaki dan.
07:57
This imbalance,
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Ovaj disbalans,
07:59
if we want to stabilize climate,
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ako želimo stabilizirati klimu
08:02
means that we must reduce CO2
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znači da moramo smanjiti CO2
08:04
from 391 ppm, parts per million,
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s 391 ppm, (parts per million - čestica po milijunu),
08:07
back to 350 ppm.
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na 350 ppm.
08:10
That is the change needed to restore energy balance
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To je promjena potrebna za vraćanje energetskog balansa
08:13
and prevent further warming.
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i sprječavanja daljnjeg zagrijavanja.
08:15
Climate change deniers argue
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Oni koji negiraju klimatske promjene prepiru se
08:18
that the Sun is the main cause of climate change.
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o tome kako je Sunce glavni uzrok klimatskih promjena.
08:21
But the measured energy imbalance occurred
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Ali izmjeren energetski disbalans pojavio se
08:24
during the deepest solar minimum in the record,
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tijekom najdubljeg solarnog minimuma, zabilježenog,
08:28
when the Sun's energy reaching Earth was least.
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kada je Sunčeva energija koja dopire do Zemlje najmanja.
08:32
Yet, there was more energy coming in than going out.
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Ipak je više energije ulazilo nego izlazilo.
08:35
This shows that the effect of the Sun's variations on climate
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To pokazuje kako je efekt Sunčevih varijacija na našu klimu
08:38
is overwhelmed by the increasing greenhouse gasses,
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preplavljen povećanim stakleničkim plinovima,
08:41
mainly from burning fossil fuels.
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uglavnom zbog sagorijevanja fosilnih goriva.
08:44
Now consider Earth's climate history.
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Uzmite u obzir Zemljinu klimatsku povijest.
08:47
These curves for global temperature,
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Ove krivine za globalnu temperaturu,
08:49
atmospheric CO2 and sea level
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atmosferski CO2 i razina mora
08:52
were derived from ocean cores and Antarctic ice cores,
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izvedene su iz srži oceana i srži antarktičkog leda,
08:55
from ocean sediments and snowflakes
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iz oceanskih taloga i snježnih pahuljica
08:57
that piled up year after year
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koje su se nagomilavale godinu za godinom
09:00
over 800,000 years
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više od 800.000 godina
09:02
forming a two-mile thick ice sheet.
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stvarajući preko tri kilometra debelu ledenu ploču.
09:04
As you see, there's a high correlation
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Kao što vidite, postoji velika korelacija
09:07
between temperature, CO2 and sea level.
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između temperature, CO2 i razine mora.
09:10
Careful examination shows
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Pažljiva ispitivanja pokazuju
09:12
that the temperature changes
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kako promjene temperature
09:14
slightly lead the CO2 changes
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polagano vode promjenama CO2
09:16
by a few centuries.
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već nekoliko stoljeća.
09:19
Climate change deniers like to use this fact
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Oni koji negiraju klimatske promjene vole koristiti ovu činjenicu
09:22
to confuse and trick the public
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kako bi zbunili i prevarili publiku
09:25
by saying, "Look, the temperature causes CO2 to change,
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govoreći, „Gledajte, temperatura uzrokuje promjenu CO2,
09:28
not vice versa."
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a ne obrnuto.“
09:30
But that lag
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Ali taj je vremenski pomak
09:32
is exactly what is expected.
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upravo ono što je očekivano.
09:35
Small changes in Earth's orbit
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Malene promjene u Zemljinoj orbiti
09:38
that occur over tens to hundreds of thousands of years
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koje se događaju u više od deset do sto i tisuću godina
09:41
alter the distribution
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mijenjaju raspodjelu
09:43
of sunlight on Earth.
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Sunčeve svjetlosti na Zemlji.
09:45
When there is more sunlight
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Kada imamo više Sunčeve svjetlosti
09:47
at high latitudes in summer, ice sheets melt.
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na visokim geografskim širinama ljeti, ledene se ploče tope.
09:50
Shrinking ice sheets
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Skupljanje ledenih ploča
09:52
make the planet darker,
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čini planet tamnijim
09:54
so it absorbs more sunlight
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pa on apsorbira više sunčeve svjetlosti
09:56
and becomes warmer.
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i postaje topliji.
09:58
A warmer ocean releases CO2,
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Topliji ocean otpušta CO2
10:00
just as a warm Coca-Cola does.
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kao što to čini i topla Coca-Cola.
10:03
And more CO2 causes more warming.
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A više CO2 uzrokuje više zagrijavanja.
10:06
So CO2, methane, and ice sheets
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Dakle, CO2, metan i ledene ploče
10:09
were feedbacks
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bili su povratne informacije
10:11
that amplified global temperature change
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koje su pojačale globalnu promjenu temperature
10:14
causing these ancient climate oscillations to be huge,
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uzrokujući te ogromne drevne klimatske oscilacije,
10:17
even though the climate change was initiated
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iako su klimatske promjene započete
10:20
by a very weak forcing.
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s vrlo slabim silama.
10:22
The important point
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Važna stvar
10:24
is that these same amplifying feedbacks
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je da će se te iste pojačane povratne informacije
10:26
will occur today.
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pojaviti danas.
10:28
The physics does not change.
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Fizika se ne mijenja.
10:30
As Earth warms,
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Kako se Zemlja zagrijava,
10:32
now because of extra CO2 we put in the atmosphere,
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sada zbog dodatnog CO2 koji ubacujemo u atmosferu,
10:35
ice will melt,
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led će se topiti
10:37
and CO2 and methane will be released
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i CO2 i metan će se oslobađati
10:39
by warming ocean and melting permafrost.
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zagrijavanjem oceana i topljenjem vječnog leda.
10:42
While we can't say exactly how fast
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Dok točno ne možemo reći koliko će se brzo
10:45
these amplifying feedbacks will occur,
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te pojačane povratne informacije događati,
10:48
it is certain they will occur,
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sigurno je da će se događati
10:51
unless we stop the warming.
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ako ne zaustavimo zagrijavanje.
10:53
There is evidence
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Ovdje je dokaz
10:55
that feedbacks are already beginning.
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da povratne informacije već počinju.
10:58
Precise measurements
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Precizna mjerenja
11:00
by GRACE, the gravity satellite,
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pomoću GRACE, gravitacijskog satelita
11:02
reveal that both Greenland and Antarctica
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otkrivaju da i Grenland i Antarktika
11:05
are now losing mass,
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sada gube masu,
11:07
several hundred cubic kilometers per year.
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nekoliko kubičnih kilometara na godinu.
11:10
And the rate has accelerated
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A stopa se ubrzala
11:12
since the measurements began
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otkada su mjerenja počela
11:14
nine years ago.
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prije devet godina.
11:16
Methane is also beginning
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Metan je također počeo
11:18
to escape from the permafrost.
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bježati iz područja vječnog leda.
11:21
What sea level rise
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Kakvom se porastu morske razine
11:23
can we look forward to?
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možemo nadati?
11:25
The last time CO2 was 390 ppm,
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Zadnji je puta CO2 bio 390 ppm,
11:28
today's value,
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današnja vrijednost,
11:30
sea level was higher
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morska razina bila je viša
11:32
by at least 15 meters, 50 feet.
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za barem 15 metara, 50 stopa.
11:35
Where you are sitting now
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Ovo gdje sada sjedite
11:37
would be under water.
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bilo bi pod vodom.
11:39
Most estimates are that, this century,
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Većina procjena je da će ovo stoljeće
11:42
we will get at least one meter.
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dobiti barem jedan metar.
11:44
I think it will be more
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Mislim da će biti i više,
11:46
if we keep burning fossil fuels,
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ako nastavimo sagorijevati fosilna goriva,
11:48
perhaps even five meters, which is 18 feet,
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možda čak i pet metara što je 18 stopa
11:51
this century or shortly thereafter.
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ovo stoljeće ili ubrzo nakon njega.
11:54
The important point
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Važna je stvar
11:56
is that we will have started a process
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da ćemo započeti proces
11:59
that is out of humanity's control.
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koji je van ljudske kontrole.
12:02
Ice sheets would continue to disintegrate for centuries.
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Ledene će se ploče nastaviti raspadati stoljećima.
12:05
There would be no stable shoreline.
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Neće biti stabilnih obala.
12:07
The economic consequences are almost unthinkable.
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Ekonomske posljedice gotovo su nezamislive.
12:10
Hundreds of New Orleans-like devastations
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Stotine pustoši poput New Orleansa
12:14
around the world.
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širom svijeta.
12:16
What may be more reprehensible,
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Ono što će biti još veće upozorenje je,
12:18
if climate denial continues,
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ako se negiranje klimatskih promjena nastavi,
12:20
is extermination of species.
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istrebljenje vrsta.
12:22
The monarch butterfly
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Monarch leptiri
12:24
could be one of the 20 to 50 percent of all species
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mogli bi biti jedna od 20 do 50% svih vrsta
12:29
that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates
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koje će Međuvladina komisija za klimatske promjene
12:32
will be ticketed for extinction
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označiti kao izumrle
12:34
by the end of the century
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do kraja stoljeća
12:36
if we stay on business-as-usual fossil fuel use.
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ako nastavimo sa standardnom upotrebom fosilnih goriva.
12:40
Global warming is already affecting people.
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Globalno zagrijavanje već utječe na ljude.
12:43
The Texas, Oklahoma, Mexico
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Toplinski val i suša
12:45
heatwave and drought last year,
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u Teksasu, Oklahomi i Meksiku prošle godine,
12:48
Moscow the year before
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Moskva godinu prije toga
12:50
and Europe in 2003,
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i Europa 2003.,
12:52
were all exceptional events,
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sve su to bili izuzetni događaji
12:55
more than three standard deviations outside the norm.
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s više od tri standardne devijacije van norme.
12:59
Fifty years ago,
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Prije pedeset godina
13:01
such anomalies
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takve su nenormalnosti
13:03
covered only two- to three-tenths
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pokrivale samo dvije do tri desetine
13:05
of one percent of the land area.
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na jednom postotku zemljišta.
13:07
In recent years,
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Nedavnih godina,
13:09
because of global warming,
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zbog globalnog zagrijavanja,
13:11
they now cover about 10 percent --
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one sada pokrivaju oko 10 posto –
13:13
an increase by a factor of 25 to 50.
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porast prema čimbeniku od 25 do 50.
13:16
So we can say with a high degree of confidence
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Možemo reći s velikom dozom pouzdanosti
13:19
that the severe Texas and Moscow heatwaves
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da nekoliko toplinskih valova u Teksasu i Moskvi
13:21
were not natural;
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nisu bili prirodni;
13:23
they were caused by global warming.
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bili su uzrokovani globalnim zagrijavanjem.
13:26
An important impact,
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Važan će utjecaj,
13:28
if global warming continues,
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ako se globalno zagrijavanje nastavi,
13:30
will be on the breadbasket of our nation and the world,
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biti na žitnicama naše zemlje i svijeta,
13:33
the Midwest and Great Plains,
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Srednjozapadne i Velike ravnice
13:35
which are expected to become prone to extreme droughts,
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za koje se očekuje da će postati sklone ekstremnim sušama,
13:38
worse than the Dust Bowl,
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gorim od oluja prašine,
13:40
within just a few decades,
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unutar samo nekoliko desetljeća,
13:42
if we let global warming continue.
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ako se globalno zagrijavanje nastavi.
13:46
How did I get dragged deeper and deeper
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Kako sam uvučen sve dublje i dublje
13:49
into an attempt to communicate,
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u pokušaj komunikacije,
13:51
giving talks in 10 countries, getting arrested,
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držeći govore u 10 zemalja, bivajući uhićen,
13:54
burning up the vacation time
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trošeći vrijeme za godišnji odmor
13:56
that I had accumulated over 30 years?
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koji sam skupljao više od 30 godina?
14:00
More grandchildren helped me along.
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Još unučadi mi je pomoglo putem.
14:03
Jake is a super-positive,
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Jake je super-pozitivan,
14:05
enthusiastic boy.
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entuzijastičan dječak.
14:08
Here at age two and a half years,
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Ovdje s dvije i pol godine
14:10
he thinks he can protect
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misli kako može zaštititi
14:12
his two and a half-day-old little sister.
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svoju dva i pol dana staru malu sestru.
14:15
It would be immoral
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Bilo bi nemoralno
14:17
to leave these young people
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ostaviti ovo dvoje ljudi
14:19
with a climate system
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s klimatskim sustavom
14:21
spiraling out of control.
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koji izmiče kontroli.
14:23
Now the tragedy about climate change
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Tragedija što se tiče klimatskih promjena
14:26
is that we can solve it
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je da je možemo riješiti
14:28
with a simple, honest approach
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jednostavnim, iskrenim pristupom
14:30
of a gradually rising carbon fee
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postupnog porasta pristojbe za ugljik
14:33
collected from fossil fuel companies
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koja je skupljena iz naftnih kompanija
14:35
and distributed 100 percent electronically
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i distribuirati 100% elektronički
14:39
every month to all legal residents
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svaki mjesec svim zakonitim stanovnicima,
14:41
on a per capita basis,
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po glavi stanovnika
14:43
with the government not keeping one dime.
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s vladom koja ne zadržava ni jedan novčić.
14:47
Most people would get more in the monthly dividend
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Većina ljudi dobila bi više u mjesečnoj dividendi
14:50
than they'd pay in increased prices.
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no što bi platili povećane cijene.
14:52
This fee and dividend
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Ova pristojba i dividenda
14:54
would stimulate the economy
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stimulirali bi ekonomiju
14:56
and innovations,
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i inovacije,
14:58
creating millions of jobs.
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stvarajući milijune poslova.
15:00
It is the principal requirement
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To je glavni uvjet
15:02
for moving us rapidly
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koji bi nas brzo odveo
15:05
to a clean energy future.
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do čiste energetske budućnosti.
15:07
Several top economists
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Nekoliko vrsnih ekonomista
15:09
are coauthors on this proposition.
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su koautori ovog prijedloga.
15:12
Jim DiPeso of Republicans for Environmental Protection
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Jim DiPeso iz Republikanaca za ekološku zaštitu
15:15
describes it thusly:
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to ovako opisuje:
15:17
"Transparent. Market-based.
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„Transparentno. Temeljeno na tržištu.
15:19
Does not enlarge government.
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Ne povećava vladu.
15:21
Leaves energy decisions to individual choices.
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Ostavlja energetske odluke vlastitom izboru.
15:24
Sounds like a conservative climate plan."
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Zvuči kao konzervativan klimatski plan.“
15:28
But instead of placing a rising fee on carbon emissions
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Ali umjesto da povećaju pristojbu na emisiju ugljika
15:32
to make fossil fuels pay
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kako bi fosilna goriva platila
15:35
their true cost to society,
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stvarnu vrijednost društvu,
15:37
our governments are forcing the public
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naša vlada forsira javnost
15:40
to subsidize fossil fuels
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da subvencionira fosilna goriva
15:43
by 400 to 500 billion dollars
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za 400 do 500 milijardi dolara
15:46
per year worldwide,
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godišnje širom svijeta,
15:48
thus encouraging extraction of every fossil fuel --
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tako ohrabrujući vađenje svog fosilnog goriva –
15:51
mountaintop removal,
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uklanjanje planina,
15:53
longwall mining, fracking,
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rudarenje, hidraulično lomljenje,
15:55
tar sands, tar shale,
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katraniziranje pijeska, katraniziranje škriljca,
15:57
deep ocean Arctic drilling.
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dubokooceansko bušenje Arktika.
16:00
This path, if continued,
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Ovaj put, ako se nastavi,
16:02
guarantees that we will pass tipping points
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garantira da ćemo prijeći vrhunac
16:05
leading to ice sheet disintegration
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koji vodi do raspadanja ledenih ploča
16:07
that will accelerate out of control of future generations.
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koje će se nekontrolirano ubrzati u budućim generacijama.
16:11
A large fraction of species
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Velik dio vrsta
16:13
will be committed to extinction.
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bit će doveden do istrebljenja.
16:15
And increasing intensity of droughts and floods
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A povećan intenzitet suša i poplava
16:17
will severely impact breadbaskets of the world,
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neizmjerno će utjecati na žitnice svijeta
16:20
causing massive famines
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uzrokujući masovnu glad
16:22
and economic decline.
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i ekonomsko propadanje.
16:26
Imagine a giant asteroid
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Zamislite golemi asteroid
16:29
on a direct collision course with Earth.
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na izravnoj Zemljinoj putanji.
16:33
That is the equivalent
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To je ono s čime
16:35
of what we face now.
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smo sada suočeni.
16:37
Yet, we dither,
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Ipak, mi drhtimo
16:39
taking no action
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ne poduzimajući ništa
16:41
to divert the asteroid,
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kako bismo skrenuli asteroid
16:43
even though the longer we wait,
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iako, što duže čekamo,
16:45
the more difficult and expensive it becomes.
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to postaje sve teže i skuplje.
16:49
If we had started in 2005,
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Da smo počeli 2005.
16:51
it would have required emission reductions of three percent per year
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to bi zahtijevalo smanjenje emisije od 3% godišnje
16:54
to restore planetary energy balance
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kako bismo povratili planetarni energetski balans
16:57
and stabilize climate this century.
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i stabilizirali klimu u ovom stoljeću.
17:00
If we start next year,
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Ako počnemo sljedeće godine,
17:02
it is six percent per year.
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to je 6% godišnje.
17:04
If we wait 10 years, it is 15 percent per year --
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Ako čekamo 10 godina, to je 15% godišnje –
17:07
extremely difficult and expensive,
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veoma teško i skupo,
17:09
perhaps impossible.
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možda čak i nemoguće.
17:12
But we aren't even starting.
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Ali mi uopće ne počinjemo.
17:14
So now you know what I know
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Sada znate ono što ja znam
17:17
that is moving me to sound this alarm.
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i što me vodi tome da upalim ovaj alarm.
17:20
Clearly, I haven't gotten this message across.
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Jasno je, nisam prenio ovu poruku posvuda.
17:23
The science is clear.
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Znanost je jasna.
17:26
I need your help
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Trebam vašu pomoć
17:28
to communicate the gravity and the urgency
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kako bih komunicirao o težini i hitnosti
17:30
of this situation
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ove situacije
17:32
and its solutions
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i njenih rješenja
17:34
more effectively.
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još efikasnije.
17:36
We owe it to our children and grandchildren.
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Dugujemo to našoj djeci i unucima.
17:38
Thank you.
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Hvala.
17:40
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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