Baba Shiv: Sometimes it's good to give up the driver's seat

Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha

Prevoditelj: Suzana Baric Recezent: Katarina Smetko

I'm going to start on a slightly somber note.

Započet ću u nešto sumornijem tonu.

2007., prije 5 godina,

Two thousand and seven, five years ago,

my wife gets diagnosed with breast cancer.

mojoj je ženi dijagnosticiran rak dojke,

stadij IIB.

Stage IIB.

Gledajući unatrag, najmučniji dio

Now, looking back, the most harrowing part of that experience

tog iskustva

was not just the hospital visits --

nisu bili samo odlasci u bolnicu -

these were very painful for my wife, understandably so.

oni su bili veoma bolni za moju ženu, naravno.

It was not even the initial shock of knowing that she had breast cancer

Nije to bio ni početni šok kad smo doznali

da ima rak dojke, sa samo 39 godina,

at just 39 years old,

a da nitko u njenoj obitelji nije imao rak.

absolutely no history of cancer in her family.

The most horrifying and agonizing part of the whole experience

Najstrašniji i najbolniji dio

cijelog iskustva bile su

was we were making decisions after decisions after decisions

neprestane odluke

that were being thrust upon us.

koje smo morali donositi.

Should it be a mastectomy? Should it be a lumpectomy?

Hoćemo li mastektomiju? Ili lumpektomiju?

Should it be a more aggressive form of treatment,

Hoćemo li agresivniji oblik terapije,

given that it was stage IIB?

s obzirom na to da je u stadiju IIB?

With all the side effects?

Sa svim nuspojavama?

Or should it be a less aggressive form of treatment?

Ili ćemo se odlučiti za manje agresivan oblik terapije?

A ta su nam pitanja

And these were being thrust upon us by the doctors.

nametali liječnici.

Now you could ask this question,

Možda ćete pitati

zašto su liječnici to radili?

why were the doctors doing this?

A simplistic answer would be,

Jednostavan odgovor bio bi

the doctors are doing this

da liječnici to čine kako bi sebe zakonski zaštitili.

because they want to protect themselves legally.

Ali mislim da to previše pojednostavljuje stvari.

I think that is too simplistic.

These are well-meaning doctors,

To su dobronamjerni liječnici,

neki od njih postali su nam veoma dobri prijatelji.

some of them have gone on to become very good friends.

Vjerojatno su tek slijedili godinama prenošenu mudrost,

They probably were simply following the wisdom

onu poslovicu koja kaže da kada donosite odluke,

that has come down through the ages,

this adage that when you're making decisions,

posebno važne odluke,

especially decisions of importance,

it's best to be in charge, it's best to be in control,

najbolje je biti glavni,

it's best to be in the driver's seat.

najbolje je biti za upravljačem.

And we were certainly in the driver's seat,

A mi smo definitivno bili za upravljačem,

making all these decisions.

donosili sve te odluke, i znajte,

And let me tell you -- if some of you have been there,

da je netko od vas bio ondje,

bilo bi mu to najbolnije i najmučnije iskustvo.

it was a most agonizing and harrowing experience.

Which got me thinking.

To me potaklo na razmišljanje.

I said, is there any validity to this whole adage

Rekao sam: Postoji li ikakva valjanost

te poslovice da je najbolje biti za upravljačem

that when you're making decisions,

it's best to take the driver's seat,

kada donosite odluke,

be in charge, be in control?

da trebate biti glavni?

Ili postoje situacije u kojima bi nam bilo bolje

Or are there contexts where we're far better off

taking the passenger's seat

zauzeti suvozačko mjesto i dati nekome drugome da vozi?

and have someone else drive?

For example, a trusted financial advisor,

Na primjer, financijskom savjetniku od povjerenja,

could be a trusted doctor, etc.

možda liječniku od povjernja, itd.

And since I study human decision making,

Budući da proučavam kako ljudi donose odluke,

rekao sam: Provest ću nekoliko istraživanja

I said, I'm going to run some studies

to find some answers.

kako bih pronašao odgovore.

And I'm going to share one of these studies with you today.

Danas ću jedno od tih istraživanja podijeliti s vama.

Zamislite da ste sudionici istraživanja.

So, imagine that all of you are participants in the study.

Reći ću vam da ćete u ovom istraživanju

I want to tell you that what you're going to do in the study is,

popiti šalicu čaja.

you're going to drink a cup of tea.

Ako se pitate zašto, reći ću vam to za nekoliko sekundi.

If you're wondering why, I'll tell you why in a few seconds from now.

You are going to solve a series of puzzles,

Riješit ćete niz zagonetki,

and I'm going to show you examples of these puzzles momentarily.

a ja ću vam uskoro pokazati primjere tih zagonetki.

I što više zagonetki riješite,

And the more puzzles you solve,

the greater the chances that you'll win some prizes.

veća je vjerojatnost da ćete osvojiti neke nagrade.

Zašto morate konzumirati čaj?

Now, why do you have to consume the tea?

Why? Because it makes a lot of sense:

Zašto? Zato što to baš ima smisla.

Kako biste učinkovito rješavali ove zagonetke,

In order to solve these puzzles effectively, if you think about it,

ako promislite, vaš um istovremeno mora biti u dva stanja.

your mind needs to be in two states simultaneously, right?

Zar ne? Mora biti na oprezu,

It needs to be alert,

for which caffeine is very good.

za što je kofein vrlo dobar.

Istovremeno mora biti i smiren.

Simultaneously, it needs to be calm --

not agitated, calm --

Ne uzrujan, već smiren. Za to je dobra kamilica.

for which chamomile is very good.

Now comes the between-subjects design,

Sada dolazi dizajn između subjekata,

the AB design, the AB testing.

AB dizajn, AB testiranje.

Nasumce ću vas raspodijeliti

So what I'm going to do is randomly assign you to one of two groups.

u dvije grupe.

Zamislite da ovdje između vas postoji linija

So imagine that there is an imaginary line out here,

so everyone here will be group A,

pa će svi ovdje biti grupa A,

everyone out here will be group B.

a svi ovdje bit će grupa B,

Now, for you folks, what I'm going to do is I'm going to show you these two teas,

Vama ću sada

pokazati ova dva čaja

and I'll go ahead and ask you to choose your tea.

i pitat ću vas

da odaberete jedan čaj. Dakle, možete odlučiti koji od ova dva čaja želite.

So you can choose whichever tea you want.

You can decide, what is your mental state:

Možete odlučiti koje je vaše mentalno stanje.

OK, I choose the caffeinated tea,

U redu, ja ću odabrati čaj s kofeinom,

I choose the chamomile tea.

odabrat ću čaj od kamilice.

So you're going to be in charge, you're going to be in control,

Vi ćete biti zaduženi za odluke,

vi ćete biti glavni, vi ćete biti za upravljačem.

you're going to be in the driver's seat.

Vama ću pokazati ova dva čaja,

You folks, I'm going to show you these two teas,

ali vi nemate izbora.

but you don't have a choice.

I'm going to give you one of these two teas,

Dat ću vam jedan od ta dva čaja,

and keep in mind, I'm going to pick one of these two teas

i imajte na umu da ću nasumce odabrati jedan

od ta dva čaja za vas.

at random for you.

And you know that.

I vi to znate.

So if you think about it, this is an extreme-case scenario,

Ako razmislite o tome, ovo je scenarij krajnjeg slučaja,

zato što u stvarnom svijetu

because in the real world,

whenever you are taking passenger's seat,

svaki put kada zauzimate suvozačko mjesto,

very often the driver is going to be someone you trust,

vozač će vrlo često biti netko kome vjerujete,

neki stručnjak, itd. Dakle, to je primjer krajnjeg slučaja.

an expert, etc.

So this is an extreme-case scenario.

Now, you're all going to consume the tea.

Sada ćete svi popiti čaj.

So imagine that you're taking the tea now,

Zamislite da sada pijete čaj,

pričekat ćemo da ga popijete.

we'll wait for you to finish the tea.

Pričekat ćemo još 5 minuta kako bi sastojci počeli djelovati.

We'll give another five minutes for the ingredient to have its effects.

Sada ćete imati 30 minuta da riješite 15 zagonetki.

Now you're going to have 30 minutes to solve 15 puzzles.

Here's an example of the puzzle you're going to solve.

Evo primjera zagonetke kakvu ćete rješavati.

Anyone in the audience want to take a stab?

Želi li itko iz publike pokušati?

(Publika: Pulpit.) Baba Shiv: Opa!

Audience member: Pulpit! Baba Shiv: Whoa! OK.

U redu, to je dobro.

That's cool.

Yeah, so what we'd do if we had you who gave the answer

Kad bismo imali vas, koji ćete dokučiti odgovor,

kao sudionika, kalibrirali bismo

as a participant,

we would have calibrated the difficulty level

of the puzzles to your expertise.

težinu zagonetki prema vašoj stručnosti.

Zato što želimo da te zagonetke budu teške.

Because we want these puzzles to be difficult.

To su nezgodne zagonetke zato je vaš prvi instinkt

These are tricky puzzles,

because your first instinct is to say "tulip."

odgovoriti "tulip", a onda se morate izvući.

And then you have to unstick yourself.

Right?

Zar ne? Ove su kalibrirane prema vašoj razini stručnosti.

So these have been calibrated to your level of expertise,

Zato što želimo da bude teško i ubrzo ću vam reći zašto.

because we want this to be difficult,

and I'll tell you why, momentarily.

Evo još jednog primjera.

Now, here's another example.

Anyone? This is much more difficult.

Bilo tko? Ovo je mnogo teže.

Audience member: Embark. BS: Yeah. Wow! OK.

(Publika: Embark.) BS: Aha, odlično. U redu.

So, yeah, so this is, again, difficult.

Pa, da, ovo je opet teško.

You'll say "kamber," then you'll go, "maker," and all that,

Reći ćete "kambar", onda morate reći "maker",

i sve ovo, a onda se možete izvući.

and then you can unstick yourself.

U redu, sada imate 30 minuta za rješavanje 15 zagonetki.

So you have 30 minutes now to solve these 15 puzzles.

Pitanje koje ovdje postavljamo

Now, the question we're asking here is, in terms of the outcome --

u vidu ishoda,

and it comes in the number of puzzles solved --

u vidu broja riješenih zagonetki,

jest hoćete li vi za upravljačem

will you in the driver's seat end up solving more puzzles

riješiti više zagonetki,

zato što ste glavni, možete odlučiti koji čaj ćete odabrati,

because you are in control,

you could decide which tea you would choose,

ili će vama biti bolje

or would you be better off,

u vidu broja riješenih zagonetki?

in terms of the number of puzzles solved?

And, systemically, what we will show,

A ono što ćemo pokazati,

across a series of studies,

kroz niz istraživanja,

jest da ćete vi suvozači,

is that you, the passengers,

iako je netko drugi nasumce izabrao čaj za vas,

even though the tea was picked for you at random,

riješiti više zagonetki nego vi vozači.

will end up solving more puzzles than you, the drivers.

Promatramo još jednu stvar:

We also observe another thing,

and that is, you folks not only are solving fewer puzzles,

ne samo da ćete vi riješiti manje zagonetki,

you're also putting less juice into the task -- less effort,

već ćete uložiti manje energije u zadatak.

Manje truda, niste toliko uporni, i tako dalje.

you're less persistent, and so on.

Kako to znamo?

How do we know that?

Well, we have two objective measures.

Imamo dva objektivna mjerila.

One is, what is the time, on average, you're taking

Prvo: koliko vam vremena u prosjeku treba

in attempting to solve these puzzles?

pri pokušaju da riješite te zagonetke?

Vi ćete potrošiti manje vremena u usporedbi s vama.

You will spend less time compared to you.

Second, you have 30 minutes to solve these;

Drugo: imate 30 minuta da ih riješite,

are you taking the entire 30 minutes

hoćete li potrošiti svih 30 minuta ili ćete odustati

or are you giving up before the 30 minutes elapse?

prije nego tih 30 minuta istekne?

Veća je vjerojatnost da ćete vi odustati prije nego 30 minuta istekne, u usporedbi s vama.

You will be more likely to give up before the 30 minutes elapse,

compared to you.

Dakle, ulažete manje energije i stoga je ishod

So you're putting in less juice,

and therefore, the outcome: fewer puzzles solved.

manje riješenih zagonetki.

That brings us now to: why does this happen?

To nas dovodi do pitanja zašto se to događa.

And under what situations -- when -- would we see this pattern of results

I kad bismo, pod kojim uvjetima, vidjeli taj uzorak rezultata

where the passenger is going to show better, more favorable outcomes,

gdje suvozač ima bolje, povoljnije rezultate

compared to the driver?

u usporedbi s vozačem?

It all has to do with when you face what I call the INCA.

To sve ima veze sa suočavanjem s onim što ja zovem INCA.

It's an acronym that stands for the nature of the feedback you're getting

To je akronim za

prirodu povratne informacije koju dobijete nakon što donesete odluku.

after you made the decision.

So if you think about it, in this particular puzzle task --

Pa, ako razmislite, u ovoj konkretnoj zagonetki,

moglo bi se to dogoditi kod ulaganja na burzi,

it could happen in investing in the stock market,

koja je vrlo nestabilna, ili u zdravstvenoj situaciji -

very volatile out there,

it could be the medical situation --

tu je povratna informacija trenutna.

the feedback here is immediate.

You know the feedback, whether you're solving the puzzles or not.

Znate povratnu informaciju, rješavali zagonetku ili ne.

Right? Second, it is negative.

Zar ne? Kao drugo, negativno je.

Remember, the deck was stacked against you,

Zapamtite, karte se ne okreću u vašu korist,

in terms of the difficulty level of these puzzles.

po pitanju teškoće ovih zagonetki.

And this can happen in the medical domain.

A to se može dogoditi u području medicine.

Na primjer, vrlo rano u terapiji,

For example, very early on in the treatment,

things are negative, the feedback, before things become positive.

povratana je informacija negativna, prije nego postane pozitivna.

Right? It can happen in the stock market.

Zar ne? To se može dogoditi na burzi.

Nestabilna burza, odmah se dobiva negativna povratna informacija.

Volatile stock market, getting negative feedback, it is also immediate.

A povratna je informacija u svim ovim slučajevima konkretna.

And the feedback in all these cases is concrete, it's unambiguous;

Nije nejasna; znate jeste li riješili zagonetku ili niste.

you know if you've solved the puzzles or not.

Now, the added one,

Osim ove trenutnosti,

apart from this immediacy, negative, this concreteness --

koja je negativna, ta konkretnost,

now you have a sense of agency.

sada imate osjećaj djelovanja.

You were responsible for your decision.

Bili ste odgovorni za svoju odluku.

So what do you do?

I, što ćete učiniti?

You focus on the foregone option.

Usredotočite se na mogućnost koja je prošla.

You say, you know what?

Kažete: Znate što? Trebao sam odabrati drugi čaj.

I should have chosen the other tea.

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

That casts your decision in doubt,

To dovodi vašu odluku u pitanje,

smanjuje pouzdanje koje imate u odluku,

reduces the confidence you have in the decision,

the confidence you have in the performance,

smanjuje pouzdanje koje imate u izvedbu,

izvedbu po pitanju rješavanja zagonetki.

the performance in terms of solving the puzzles.

I stoga je manje energije uloženo u zadatak,

And therefore less juice into the task,

fewer puzzles solved

riješi se manje zagonetki, ostvari se slabiji rezultat u usporedbi s vama.

and less favorable outcomes compared to you folks.

A to se može dogoditi u području zdravstva, ako razmislite.

And this can happen in the medical domain, if you think about it, right?

Zar ne? Na primjer, pacijent je za upravljačem.

A patient in the driver's seat, for example.

Manje energije, što znači da se ne održava

Less juice, which means keeping herself or himself

less physically fit, physically active to hasten the recovery process,

toliko fizički u formi, fizički aktivnim kako bi se ubrzao proces oporavka,

which is what is often advocated.

što se često preporučuje. Vjerojatno to ne biste učinili.

You probably wouldn't do that.

And therefore, there are times when you're facing the INCA,

I stoga, kada se suočavate s INCA-om,

when the feedback is going to be immediate, negative, concrete

povratna informacija bit će trenutna, negativna,

konkretna i imate osjećaj djelovanja,

and you have the sense of agency,

where you're far better off taking the passenger's seat

gdje vam je bolje kada sjednete na suvozačko sjedalo

and have someone else drive.

i pustite da netko drugi vozi.

Now, I started off on a somber note.

Započeo sam

u sumornom tonu.

I want to finish up on a more upbeat note.

Želio bih završiti optimistično.

Prošlo je već 5 godina, nešto malo više od 5 godina,

It has now been five years, slightly more than five years,

and the good news, thank God, is that the cancer is still in remission.

a dobra je vijest, hvala Bogu,

da je rak još uvijek u remisiji.

So it all ends well.

I tako sve dobro završi,

ali ono što vam nisam spomenuo

But one thing I didn't mention was that very early on into her treatment,

jest da smo u vrlo ranom stadiju terapije

my wife and I decided that we would take the passenger's seat.

moja žena i ja odlučili sjesti na suvozačko mjesto.

I to je učinilo veliku razliku

And that made so much of a difference

in terms of the peace of mind that came with that;

po pitanju unutarnjeg mira koji je došao s time,

mogli smo se usredotočiti na njezin oporavak.

we could focus on her recovery.

Dopustili smo liječnicima da donesu sve odluke,

We let the doctors make all the decisions

and take the driver's seat.

da sjednu za upravljač.

Hvala.

Thank you.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)