Baba Shiv: Sometimes it's good to give up the driver's seat

44,133 views ・ 2012-07-18

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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λ²ˆμ—­: Amy Ko κ²€ν† : K Bang
00:15
I'm going to start on a slightly somber note.
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μ•½κ°„ μš°μšΈν•œ μ–˜κΈ°λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν• κ²Œμš”.
2007λ…„, κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 5λ…„ 전에,
00:19
Two thousand and seven, five years ago,
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00:22
my wife gets diagnosed with breast cancer.
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제 μ•„λ‚΄λŠ” IIB단계에 μžˆλŠ”
μœ λ°©μ•” νŒμ •μ„ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
Stage IIB.
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μ΄μ œμ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ λŒμ΄μΌœλ³΄λ‹ˆ, κ·Έ κ²½ν—˜μ—μ„œ
00:29
Now, looking back, the most harrowing part of that experience
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κ°€μž₯ λ”μ°ν–ˆλ˜ 뢀뢄은
00:32
was not just the hospital visits --
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단지 병원을 λ°©λ¬Έν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”
00:34
these were very painful for my wife, understandably so.
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ 그건 제 μ•„λ‚΄μ—κ²Œ 맀우 κ³ ν†΅μŠ€λŸ¬μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그럴만 ν•˜μ£ .
00:37
It was not even the initial shock of knowing that she had breast cancer
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암이 μ „ν˜€ μ—†λŠ” κ°€μ‘±λ ₯μ—μ„œ
겨우 39살에 μœ λ°©μ•” νŒμ •μ„ λ°›μ•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것이
00:40
at just 39 years old,
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κ°€μž₯ λ†€λΌμš΄ 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
absolutely no history of cancer in her family.
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00:45
The most horrifying and agonizing part of the whole experience
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λͺ¨λ“  κ²½ν—˜μ€‘ κ°€μž₯ 곡포슀럽고 κ³ ν†΅μŠ€λŸ¬μ› λ˜
뢀뢄은 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ– μ•ˆκ²¨μ§„ 결정듀을
00:49
was we were making decisions after decisions after decisions
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내리고 또 내리고
00:53
that were being thrust upon us.
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ν•˜λŠ” λΆ€λΆ„μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
Should it be a mastectomy? Should it be a lumpectomy?
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μœ λ°©μ ˆμ œμˆ μ„ ν•΄μ•Όλ˜λ‚˜? μ’…μ–‘μ ˆμ œμˆ μ„ ν•΄μ•Όλ˜λ‚˜?
00:58
Should it be a more aggressive form of treatment,
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IIB 단계에 μžˆμ„ λ•Œ 더 곡격적인 μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μœΌλ‘œ
01:00
given that it was stage IIB?
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ν•΄μ•Όλ˜λ‚˜?
01:02
With all the side effects?
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λΆ€μž‘μš©μ„ λ‹€ κ°μˆ˜ν•΄μ•Όλ˜λ‚˜?
01:04
Or should it be a less aggressive form of treatment?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 덜 μ„Ό μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ„ ν•΄μ•Όλ˜λ‚˜?
μ˜μ‚¬λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀이 저희λ₯Ό
01:07
And these were being thrust upon us by the doctors.
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μ••λ°•ν•΄μ™”μ–΄μš”.
01:11
Now you could ask this question,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν• μˆ˜λ„ 있겠죠.
'μ™œ μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ΄ 그런 것듀은 ν•˜μ§€?'
01:13
why were the doctors doing this?
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01:14
A simplistic answer would be,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ μ•„λ§ˆ
01:16
the doctors are doing this
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μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ€ κ·Έλ“€ μžμ‹ μ„ λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•˜λŠ” 것일 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
because they want to protect themselves legally.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ κ°„λ‹¨ν•΄μš”.
01:21
I think that is too simplistic.
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01:22
These are well-meaning doctors,
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μ˜μ‚¬λ“€ μ€‘μ—λŠ” μΌλΆ€λŠ” 쒋은 친ꡬ둜 λ°œμ „ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜λŠ”
μ„ μ˜λ₯Ό 가진 μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ—μš”.
01:24
some of them have gone on to become very good friends.
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그듀은 μ•„λ§ˆ μ—¬λŸ¬ μ„ΈλŒ€ μ „ν•΄μ Έμ˜¨ μ§€ν˜œλ₯Ό λ”°λ₯Έ 것이고,
01:27
They probably were simply following the wisdom
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이 μ§€ν˜œκ°€ 결정을 λ‚΄λ¦΄λ•Œ, 특히 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 결정일 λ•Œμ—λŠ”,
01:29
that has come down through the ages,
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01:31
this adage that when you're making decisions,
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μžκΈ°κ°€ κ·Έ 결정에
01:33
especially decisions of importance,
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01:34
it's best to be in charge, it's best to be in control,
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μ±…μž„μ„ κ°–κ³ , μ‘°μ ˆν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μœ„μΉ˜μ— 있고,
01:37
it's best to be in the driver's seat.
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μžμ‹ μ΄ μ΄μ±…μž„μž μž…μž₯에 μžˆλŠ”κ²Œ μ΅œμ„ μ΄μ—μš”.
01:40
And we were certainly in the driver's seat,
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ¨λ“  결정을 λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ©° 상황을 μ£Όλ„ν•˜λŠ” μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ
01:42
making all these decisions.
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,제 생각에,
01:43
And let me tell you -- if some of you have been there,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” κ·Έ μžλ¦¬μ— 있으면,
그게 κ°€μž₯ κ³ ν†΅μŠ€λŸ½κ³  λ”μ°ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ λ κ±°μ—μš”.
01:46
it was a most agonizing and harrowing experience.
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01:49
Which got me thinking.
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그게 μ €λ₯Ό μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμ£ .
01:51
I said, is there any validity to this whole adage
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μ €λŠ” 결정을 λ‚΄λ¦΄λ•Œ
μžμ‹ μ΄ 상황을 μ’Œμ§€μš°μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 역할에 μžˆλŠ” 게
01:54
that when you're making decisions,
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01:56
it's best to take the driver's seat,
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μ΅œμ„ μ΄λΌλŠ” 격언이 μœ νš¨ν•œμ§€
01:58
be in charge, be in control?
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의문이 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 차라리 κ΄€μ‘°μžμ˜ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
02:00
Or are there contexts where we're far better off
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02:03
taking the passenger's seat
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결정을 내리고 상황을 μ΄λŒμ–΄ λ‚˜κ°€κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 편이 λ‚˜μ„κΉŒ?
02:05
and have someone else drive?
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02:06
For example, a trusted financial advisor,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 믿을 λ§Œν•œ μž¬μ • μžλ¬Έκ°€λ‚˜
02:08
could be a trusted doctor, etc.
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믿음이 κ°€λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬ 등이 있죠.
02:11
And since I study human decision making,
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μ œκ°€ μΈκ°„μ˜ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ„ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œ, μ €λŠ”
λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ 닡을 μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ² λ‹€κ³ 
02:14
I said, I'm going to run some studies
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02:16
to find some answers.
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μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
And I'm going to share one of these studies with you today.
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였늘 μ €λŠ” κ·Έ 연ꡬ듀 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό κ³΅μœ ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ ν™˜μžλΌκ³  μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
02:21
So, imagine that all of you are participants in the study.
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이 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ ν•  일은
02:25
I want to tell you that what you're going to do in the study is,
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μ°¨ ν•œ μž”μ„ λ§ˆμ‹œλŠ” κ±°μ—μš”.
02:28
you're going to drink a cup of tea.
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μ™œ κ·ΈλŸ°μ§€ κΆκΈˆν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ μ œκ°€ 금방 이유λ₯Ό λ§μ”€ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
02:31
If you're wondering why, I'll tell you why in a few seconds from now.
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02:34
You are going to solve a series of puzzles,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬ 개의 퍼즐을 ν’€κ³ 
02:37
and I'm going to show you examples of these puzzles momentarily.
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μ €λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ νΌμ¦λ“€μ˜ μ˜ˆμ‹œλ“€μ„ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
퍼즐을 많이 ν’€μˆ˜λ‘
02:41
And the more puzzles you solve,
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02:42
the greater the chances that you'll win some prizes.
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μ–Όλ§ˆκ°„μ΄λ“  상듀을 받을 κΈ°νšŒλŠ” 더 λ§Žμ•„μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그러면 μ™œ μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ…”μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
02:46
Now, why do you have to consume the tea?
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02:48
Why? Because it makes a lot of sense:
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μ™œλƒκ΅¬μš”? 그게 κ°€μž₯ μ μ ˆν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
퍼즐을 효과적으둜 ν’€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
02:50
In order to solve these puzzles effectively, if you think about it,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ 두 상황을 λ™μ‹œμ— 생각해야 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
02:53
your mind needs to be in two states simultaneously, right?
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κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ? 그럴 λ•Œ 정신은 바짝 κΉ¨μ–΄μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό 되고,
02:57
It needs to be alert,
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02:59
for which caffeine is very good.
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그런 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μΉ΄νŽ˜μΈμ€ 맀우 μ’‹μ£ .
λ™μ‹œμ—, μΉ¨μ°©ν•΄μ Έμ•Ό λ˜μš”.
03:02
Simultaneously, it needs to be calm --
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03:04
not agitated, calm --
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흔듀리지 μ•Šκ³ , μ°¨λΆ„ν•˜κ²Œμš”. 그런 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 캐λͺ¨λ§ˆμΌ μ°¨κ°€ μ•„μ£Ό μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
for which chamomile is very good.
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03:10
Now comes the between-subjects design,
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이제 ν”Όμ‹€ν—˜μžκ°„ 섀계 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μ‹œν–‰ν• κ±°μ—μš”.
03:13
the AB design, the AB testing.
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AB λ””μžμΈ, AB ν…ŒμŠ€νŒ…μ΄λΌκ³ λ„ ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ ,
μ œκ°€ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ ν•  일은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ„
03:15
So what I'm going to do is randomly assign you to one of two groups.
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두 κ·Έλ£Ή 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ— λ¬΄μž‘μœ„λ‘œ λ°°μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
여기에 κ°€μƒμ˜ 선이 있고,
03:19
So imagine that there is an imaginary line out here,
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03:21
so everyone here will be group A,
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μ—¬κΈ°μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ€ κ·Έλ£Ή Aκ³ ,
03:24
everyone out here will be group B.
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μ—¬κΈ° μ—†λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ·Έλ£Ή B에 μ†ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
03:27
Now, for you folks, what I'm going to do is I'm going to show you these two teas,
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μ§€κΈˆ μ œκ°€ ν•  일은
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 두 가지 μ°¨λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³ ,
03:32
and I'll go ahead and ask you to choose your tea.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ μ°¨λ₯Ό νƒν•˜λΌκ³  ν• κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έ λ‘˜μ€‘ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ›ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ νƒν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ λ˜λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
03:35
So you can choose whichever tea you want.
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03:37
You can decide, what is your mental state:
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ‹¬μ μƒνƒœκ°€ 어떀지 μ •ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”:
03:39
OK, I choose the caffeinated tea,
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상황에 λ”°λΌμ„œ, 카페인이 μžˆλŠ” μ°¨λ₯Ό 선택할 μˆ˜λ„ 있고,
03:41
I choose the chamomile tea.
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캐λͺ¨λ§ˆμΌ μ°¨λ₯Ό 선택할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:42
So you're going to be in charge, you're going to be in control,
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그러면 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ·Έ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ±…μž„μ„ μ§€λŠ”κ±°κ³ ,
μ‘°μ •ν•  수 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆ, 상황을 μ’Œμ§€μš°μ§€ ν•˜λŠ” μœ„μΉ˜μ— μžˆλŠ”κ±°μ£ .
03:45
you're going to be in the driver's seat.
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자.. μ œκ°€ 두 가지 μ°¨λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
You folks, I'm going to show you these two teas,
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그런데 μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ μ„ νƒκΆŒμ΄ μ—†μ–΄μš”.
03:51
but you don't have a choice.
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03:53
I'm going to give you one of these two teas,
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μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 두 μ°¨ κ°€μš΄λ° ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό λ“œλ¦΄κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€..
03:55
and keep in mind, I'm going to pick one of these two teas
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λͺ…심할 것은, μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ
κ·Έ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό λ¬΄μž‘μœ„λ‘œ νƒν•΄μ„œ λ“œλ¦¬λŠ”κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€..
03:58
at random for you.
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03:59
And you know that.
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ κ·Έ 사싀을 μ•Œκ³  있죠.
04:01
So if you think about it, this is an extreme-case scenario,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 이 상황을 생각해보면, 이건 극단적인 μ‹œλ‚˜λ¦¬μ˜€μ—μš”.
μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ‹€μ œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œλŠ”,
04:04
because in the real world,
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04:05
whenever you are taking passenger's seat,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ΄€μ‘°μžμ˜ μž…μž₯에 μžˆμ„λ•Œ
04:07
very often the driver is going to be someone you trust,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ±…μž„μ§ˆ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 당신이 믿을 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œ μ •ν•˜μ£ .
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 전문가같은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μš”. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이건 극단적인 κ²½μš°μ—μš”.
04:10
an expert, etc.
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04:11
So this is an extreme-case scenario.
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04:14
Now, you're all going to consume the tea.
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자 이제, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ°¨λ₯Ό λ‹€ λ§ˆμ…”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
So imagine that you're taking the tea now,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ§€κΈˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ‹œκ³ , μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ μ°¨λ₯Ό λ‹€ λ§ˆμ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό 기닀리고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
04:21
we'll wait for you to finish the tea.
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 차의 성뢄이 효과λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ„λ‘ 5뢄을 더 λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
We'll give another five minutes for the ingredient to have its effects.
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그리고, 이제 15개의 퍼즐을 ν‘ΈλŠ”λ° 30뢄이 μ£Όμ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
Now you're going to have 30 minutes to solve 15 puzzles.
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04:32
Here's an example of the puzzle you're going to solve.
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μ—¬κΈ° μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ ν’€ 퍼즐의 μ˜ˆμ‹œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
Anyone in the audience want to take a stab?
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μ—¬κΈ° μ‹œλ„ν•΄λ³΄κ³  μ‹ΆμœΌμ‹  λΆ„ μžˆμœΌμ„Έμš”?
(청쀑:섀ꡐ단.)λ°”λ°” μ‹œλΈŒ:와!
04:38
Audience member: Pulpit! Baba Shiv: Whoa! OK.
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κ·Έκ±° μ’‹λ„€μš”.
04:40
That's cool.
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04:41
Yeah, so what we'd do if we had you who gave the answer
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예, κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€κ³Ό ν•  것은, λˆ„κ°€ 닡을 얻든지,
μ°Έμ—¬μžμ˜ μˆ˜μ€€μ— 따라
04:44
as a participant,
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04:45
we would have calibrated the difficulty level
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04:47
of the puzzles to your expertise.
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퍼즐의 λ‚œμ΄λ„λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν• κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 퍼즐듀이 μ–΄λ ΅κΈΈ λ°”λΌκ±°λ“ μš”.
04:50
Because we want these puzzles to be difficult.
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이건 κ½€ κΉŒλ‹€λ‘œμš΄ νΌμ¦μ΄μ—μš”. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 보톡 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€
04:52
These are tricky puzzles,
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04:53
because your first instinct is to say "tulip."
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직감적으둜 μ²˜μŒμ— νŠ€λ¦½μ„ λ– μ˜¬λ¦° λ‹€μŒ λ§‰ν˜€λ²„λ¦¬μ£ .
04:56
And then you have to unstick yourself.
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04:59
Right?
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κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ? κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀이 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ‹€λ ₯을 재고 μžˆλ˜κ±°μ—μš”.
05:00
So these have been calibrated to your level of expertise,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이게 μ–΄λ €μš΄ 문제이길 λ°”λΌλŠ” 건데, μ™œ κ·ΈλŸ°μ§€λŠ” 곧 μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
because we want this to be difficult,
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05:05
and I'll tell you why, momentarily.
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μ—¬κΈ° λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
Now, here's another example.
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05:09
Anyone? This is much more difficult.
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μ•„μ‹œλŠ” λΆ„? 이번 것은 훨씬 μ–΄λ €μ›Œμš”.
05:11
Audience member: Embark. BS: Yeah. Wow! OK.
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(청쀑: λ‹¨μƒμœΌλ‘œ) BS: λ„€, λŒ€λ‹¨ν•˜μ„Έμš”. λ§žμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
So, yeah, so this is, again, difficult.
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λ„€, 이것 λ˜ν•œ μ–΄λ €μ›Œμš”.
05:15
You'll say "kamber," then you'll go, "maker," and all that,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ μ²˜μŒμ— "kambar"λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬κ³  κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ— "maker"둜 λ°”κΏ€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 또 λ§‰ν˜€λ²„λ¦¬λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
05:18
and then you can unstick yourself.
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자 이제, 이 15문제λ₯Ό ν‘ΈλŠ”λ° 30뢄을 λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
05:20
So you have 30 minutes now to solve these 15 puzzles.
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μ§€κΈˆ, μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 묻고자 ν•˜λŠ” 것은
05:24
Now, the question we're asking here is, in terms of the outcome --
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결과둜 λ³Ό λ•Œ,
05:28
and it comes in the number of puzzles solved --
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퍼즐을 λ§žνžˆλŠ” 수둜 λ³Ό λ•Œ,
상황을 μ œμ–΄ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”, κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ–΄λ–€ μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ‹€ 것인지
05:30
will you in the driver's seat end up solving more puzzles
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μ •ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
상황을 μ’Œμ§€μš°μ§€ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μžλ¦¬μ— 앉고 λ”°λΌμ„œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 문제λ₯Ό ν’€ 것인가 ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
because you are in control,
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05:36
you could decide which tea you would choose,
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 풀은 ν€΄μ¦ˆμ˜ 수적인 λ©΄μ—μ„œ
05:38
or would you be better off,
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더 ν˜•νŽΈμ΄ λ‚˜μ„κΉŒ?
05:40
in terms of the number of puzzles solved?
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05:42
And, systemically, what we will show,
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 개의 연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해
05:45
across a series of studies,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 보이고자 ν•˜λŠ” 것은, ꡬ쑰적으둜
μ°¨κ°€ λ¬΄μž‘μœ„λ‘œ 배정됨에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
05:47
is that you, the passengers,
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μˆ˜λ™μ μΈ μž…μž₯이 λŠ₯동적인 μž…μž₯보닀
05:49
even though the tea was picked for you at random,
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더 λ§Žμ€ ν€΄μ¦ˆλ₯Ό ν’€ κ±°λΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
will end up solving more puzzles than you, the drivers.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 점을 κ΄€μ°°ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
05:57
We also observe another thing,
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05:59
and that is, you folks not only are solving fewer puzzles,
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그것은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ 더 적은 수의 퍼즐을 ν’€λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
06:02
you're also putting less juice into the task -- less effort,
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일에 더 적은 λ…Έλ ₯을 λ“€μ΄κ²Œ λ˜μš”.
더 적은 λ…Έλ ₯을 λ“€μ΄λ©΄μ„œ λˆκΈ°λ„ μ μ–΄μ§€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
you're less persistent, and so on.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ•„λƒκ΅¬μš”?
06:08
How do we know that?
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06:09
Well, we have two objective measures.
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두 가지 객관적인 척도가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
06:11
One is, what is the time, on average, you're taking
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 퍼즐을 ν’€λ €κ³  ν•  λ•Œ
06:14
in attempting to solve these puzzles?
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ν‰κ· μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ”κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
λŠ₯동적인 μž…μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” 더 적은 μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ“Έκ±°μ—μš”.
06:17
You will spend less time compared to you.
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06:20
Second, you have 30 minutes to solve these;
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이것듀을 ν‘ΈλŠ” 데 30뢄이 μ£Όμ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”λ°,
06:22
are you taking the entire 30 minutes
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문제 ν‘ΈλŠ”λ° 30뢄을 λ‹€ μ“Έ 건가, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 30뢄이 μ§€λ‚˜κΈ° 전에
06:23
or are you giving up before the 30 minutes elapse?
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포기할건가 ν•˜λŠ”κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€..
전체λ₯Ό μ±…μž„μ§€λŠ” 상황이면 30λΆ„ μ§€λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 포기할 κ°€λŠ₯성이 더 μ»€μš”.
06:26
You will be more likely to give up before the 30 minutes elapse,
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06:30
compared to you.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 되면, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ 쑰금 νˆ¬μžν•΄μ„œ, κ²°κ³ΌλŠ”
06:31
So you're putting in less juice,
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06:33
and therefore, the outcome: fewer puzzles solved.
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더 적은 문제λ₯Ό ν‘ΈλŠ”κ±°μ£ ,
06:36
That brings us now to: why does this happen?
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μ™œ 이런 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
06:41
And under what situations -- when -- would we see this pattern of results
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이런 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ, 상황을 κ΄€μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
06:45
where the passenger is going to show better, more favorable outcomes,
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상황을 μ’Œμ§€μš°μ§€ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ³΄λ‹€ 더 쒋은 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ–»λŠ” κ²½μš°λŠ”
06:49
compared to the driver?
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μ–Έμ œμΌκΉŒμš”?
06:52
It all has to do with when you face what I call the INCA.
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이런 상황은 μ œκ°€ IINCA 이라 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 것과 관련이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
It's an acronym that stands for the nature of the feedback you're getting
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IINCAλŠ” '당신이 결정을 λ‚΄λ¦° ν›„ 얻을
ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ˜ ν™˜κ²½'의 μ•½μžμ—μš”.
07:01
after you made the decision.
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07:03
So if you think about it, in this particular puzzle task --
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•΄μ„œ, 이 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 퍼즐 μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ
이런 일은 ꡉμž₯히 λ³€λ•μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ μ£Όμ‹μ‹œμž₯에 νˆ¬μžν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
07:06
it could happen in investing in the stock market,
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μ§„λ£Œλ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Όν• λ•Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ£ .
07:08
very volatile out there,
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07:09
it could be the medical situation --
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ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ΄ 즉각적인 κ²½μš°μ•„μ£ ..
07:11
the feedback here is immediate.
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07:13
You know the feedback, whether you're solving the puzzles or not.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ 이 퍼즐을 ν’€κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό λ– λ‚˜, ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ μ•„μ‹€κ±°μ—μš”/
07:16
Right? Second, it is negative.
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κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ? λ‘λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 뢀정적인 μƒν™©μ΄μ—μš”.
07:19
Remember, the deck was stacked against you,
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상황이 λΆˆλ¦¬ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
07:21
in terms of the difficulty level of these puzzles.
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이 νΌμ¦λ“€μ˜ λ‚œμ΄λ„ λ©΄μ—μ„œμš”.
07:24
And this can happen in the medical domain.
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이런 상황은 의료 μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ 일어날 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
예λ₯Ό λ“€μžλ©΄, 맀우 초기의 치료 단계일 λ•Œ,
07:26
For example, very early on in the treatment,
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07:28
things are negative, the feedback, before things become positive.
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상황은 λΆ€μ •μ μ΄μ—μš”. ν”Όλ“œλ²‘μ€ 상황이 κΈμ •μ μœΌλ‘œ 되기 전에 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄κ³ μš”.
07:31
Right? It can happen in the stock market.
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κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ? 이 상황은 μ£Όμ‹μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ 일어날 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
λ³€λ•μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ μ£Όμ‹μ‹œμž₯에 λ°›λŠ” 뢀정적인 ν”Όλ“œλ°±λ„ μ—­μ‹œ 즉각적인 κ²ƒμ΄μ—μš”,
07:34
Volatile stock market, getting negative feedback, it is also immediate.
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이런 λͺ¨λ“  κ²½μš°μ— λ°›λŠ” ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ€ κ΅¬μ²΄μ μ΄μ—μš”.
07:37
And the feedback in all these cases is concrete, it's unambiguous;
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μ• λ§€ν•˜μ§€κ°€ μ•Šμ£ . μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 퍼즐을 ν’€μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ» ν’€μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³ μžˆμ£ .
07:41
you know if you've solved the puzzles or not.
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07:43
Now, the added one,
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이런 신속성, 뢀정적인 상황,
07:45
apart from this immediacy, negative, this concreteness --
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ꡬ체성을 λ– λ‚˜μ„œ,
07:50
now you have a sense of agency.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ν•œν…Œ 'ν–‰μœ„μžμ˜ 감정'이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:54
You were responsible for your decision.
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 결정에 당신이 μ±…μž„μ„ μ Έμ•Όν•΄μš”.
07:57
So what do you do?
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당신은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν• κΉŒμš”?
07:58
You focus on the foregone option.
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당신은 미리 예츑된 μ˜΅μ…˜μ— 쀑점을 두고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:01
You say, you know what?
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그리고 μ•Œκ³  κ³„μ‹€κΉŒμš”? μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ°¨λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν–ˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  말할 κ±°μ—μš”.
08:03
I should have chosen the other tea.
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:05
(Laughter)
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08:08
That casts your decision in doubt,
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μžμ‹ μ˜ 결정에 λŒ€ν•΄ 슀슀둜 μ˜μ‹¬ν•˜κ²Œ 되면
κ²°μ •ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžμ‹ κ°μ΄ 쀄어듀고,
08:11
reduces the confidence you have in the decision,
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08:13
the confidence you have in the performance,
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퍼즐을 ν‘ΈλŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œλ„ μžμ‹ κ°μ„
μžƒκΈ° λ§ˆλ ¨μ΄μ—μš”.
08:16
the performance in terms of solving the puzzles.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, μžμ‹ μ˜ μž„λ¬΄μ—μ„œ,
08:18
And therefore less juice into the task,
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08:20
fewer puzzles solved
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ, 더 적은 ν€΄μ¦ˆλ₯Ό ν’€ 것이고, 결과도 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 쒋지 μ•Šμ„ κ±°μ—μš”.
08:22
and less favorable outcomes compared to you folks.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄, 이런 상황은 ν™˜μžμ˜ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œλ„ 일어날 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:25
And this can happen in the medical domain, if you think about it, right?
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μžλ©΄, ν™˜μžκ°€ 상황을 μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λŠ” μœ„μΉ˜μ— μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:29
A patient in the driver's seat, for example.
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더 적은 λ…Έλ ₯은 ν™˜μž μžμ‹ μ΄ 건강 μœ μ§€λ₯Ό 잘 λͺ»ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„,
08:31
Less juice, which means keeping herself or himself
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08:33
less physically fit, physically active to hasten the recovery process,
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μ„œλ‘˜λŸ¬ νšŒλ³΅μ„ ν•˜λ €λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•΄μš”.
08:37
which is what is often advocated.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 보톡 이러죠? 당신은 μ•„λ§ˆ 그러렀고 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„κ±°μ—μš”.
08:38
You probably wouldn't do that.
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08:40
And therefore, there are times when you're facing the INCA,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ, INCAλ₯Ό λ§ˆμ£Όν•˜κ²Œ 될 상황듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
when the feedback is going to be immediate, negative, concrete
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ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ΄ 즉각적이고, 뢀정적이고,
ꡬ체적인 경우죠.. 그리고 당신은 상황을 κ΄€μ‘°ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
08:50
and you have the sense of agency,
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08:52
where you're far better off taking the passenger's seat
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ μ±…μž„μ„ λ§‘κΈ°λŠ”κ³ λŠ”
08:55
and have someone else drive.
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λŒ€λ¦¬μžμ˜ 마음 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
Now, I started off on a somber note.
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μ œκ°€ μ‹œμž‘ν• λ•Œ μ’€ μš°μšΈν•œ
μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
I want to finish up on a more upbeat note.
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끝날 λ•ŒλŠ” 낙관적인 μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ§€κΈˆμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 5λ…„, 5λ…„ μ•½κ°„ 더 지났죠.
09:04
It has now been five years, slightly more than five years,
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09:07
and the good news, thank God, is that the cancer is still in remission.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œλ„, 쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
암에 μ—¬μ „νžˆ 차도가 μžˆλ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
So it all ends well.
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λͺ¨λ“ κ²Œ 잘 λλ‚¬μ§€λ§Œ,
μ œκ°€ ν•œκ°€μ§€ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 것은
09:16
But one thing I didn't mention was that very early on into her treatment,
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μΉ˜λ£Œκ³Όμ • μ΄ˆκΈ°λ•Œ
09:22
my wife and I decided that we would take the passenger's seat.
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제 아내와 μ €λŠ” 관쑰적인 μž…μž₯을 νƒν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
그런 μž…μž₯을 νƒν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
09:26
And that made so much of a difference
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09:28
in terms of the peace of mind that came with that;
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마음이 ν‰μ•ˆν•΄μ‘Œκ³ ,
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 보닀 더 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ νšŒλ³΅μ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ‘˜ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:31
we could focus on her recovery.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬λ“€ν•œν…Œ λͺ¨λ“  결정을 내리도둝 ν•˜κ³ 
09:33
We let the doctors make all the decisions
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09:35
and take the driver's seat.
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λͺ¨λ“  μ±…μž„μ„ 지도둝 ν–ˆμ£ .
κ³ λ§™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
Thank you.
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09:39
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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