Without farmers, you'd be hungry, naked and sober | Eric Sannerud

90,825 views ・ 2020-04-18

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Translator: Monica Castedo Reviewer: Xosé María Moreno
00:13
So what do people usually say when you're about to give a public talk?
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Que se soe decir antes de falar en público?
00:17
It's to imagine that your audience is naked.
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Imaxina que o teu público está espido.
00:19
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
00:21
Well, I'm doing a different trick tonight,
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Esta noite vou facer algo diferente
00:23
and I'm going to imagine all of us without farmers,
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e vou imaxinar que non temos labregos.
00:27
and well, it's not so much different.
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Non hai moita diferenza.
00:29
[Without farmers you'd be hungry, naked and sober]
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[Sen labregos, estarías esfameado, espido e sobrio]
00:32
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
00:33
And our farmers do so much more for us
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Os nosos labregos fan moito máis por nós
00:36
than simply feed and clothe and provide us excellent things to drink.
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que alimentarnos, vestirnos e darnos cousas marabillosas de beber.
00:41
Our farmers are an important part of all of our communities,
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Os nosos labregos son importantes en todas as nosas comunidades,
00:45
particularly our rural communities.
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especialmente as nosas comunidades rurais.
00:48
And more than that,
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E máis que iso,
00:50
they're a strong driver of resilient economics.
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son un empuxe fundamental das economías resilientes.
00:54
Think about it this way:
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Pénsadeo do seguinte modo:
00:56
When a brewer buys hops from me, grown here in Minnesota,
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Cando unha cervexaría me merca lúpulos que planto aquí en Minesota,
00:59
90 percent of that dollar stays in our state,
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o 90 % dese dólar quédase no noso estado,
01:02
compared to just 10 percent when they buy it from somewhere else.
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comparado co só o 10 % cando compra noutra parte.
01:05
What that means is a lot.
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Iso significa moito.
01:07
That 90 percent means local jobs.
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Ese 90 % significa emprego local.
01:09
It means tax revenue for better schools and roads.
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Significa ingresos fiscais para mellores colexios e estradas.
01:12
It means support for the co-ops, the mechanics,
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Significa apoio ás cooperativas, ós mecánicos,
01:14
all the support staff that are needed for a farm to thrive.
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a todo o persoal necesario para que a granxa prospere.
01:18
And they're our best stewards of the land.
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E son os mellores administradores da terra.
01:20
This quote, I think, exemplifies what our family farmers do for us
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Esta cita exemplifica o que as nosas familias labregas fan por nós
01:24
in stewarding our shared natural resources.
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ó administraren os nosos recursos comúns.
01:28
"That land is a community is the basic concept of ecology,
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"Esa terra é unha comunidade, o concepto básico da ecoloxía.
01:34
but that land is to be loved and respected as an extension of ethics."
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Pero, por principio ético, esa terra ten que ser amada e respectada".
01:39
Now, they sure do a lot of good stuff for us.
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Claro que fan moito por nós.
01:43
And our family farmers are great, we'd all agree.
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As familias labregas son boísimas. Niso estamos de acordo.
01:46
However,
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Con todo,
01:48
the trends in agriculture today are dire.
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as tendencias agrícolas son horribles.
01:50
The average age of a farmer in America,
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A media de idade dun labrego en EE. UU.,
01:52
according to the latest agricultural census --
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segundo o último censo agrícola,
01:55
58.3.
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é de 58,3.
01:56
Of all the farmers,
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De tódolos labregos,
01:58
33 percent are 65 plus.
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o 33 % teñen máis de 65 anos.
02:01
That's a little caricature of my grandpa.
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Esta é a caricatura do meu avó.
02:03
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
02:04
He's still farming,
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Segue traballando na terra
02:06
and he's much older than 65.
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e ten moitos máis de 65 anos.
02:08
But to put that in perspective,
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Para poñelo en perspectiva,
02:10
another important public service job, teaching,
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outro traballo importante do servizo público, a docencia:
02:12
average age of teachers is 42.
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a media de idade dos mestres é de 42 anos.
02:15
Our farmers are pretty old in this country.
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Os labregos neste país son ben vellos.
02:18
And unfortunately,
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E por desgraza,
02:20
when they retire, if they retire,
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cando se retiran, se se retiran,
02:23
we're not really replacing them.
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non os estamos a substituír.
02:25
Of all the farmers that we added in this country
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De tódolos labregos que engadimos neste país
02:28
between 2008 and 2012,
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entre o 2008 e o 2012,
02:30
across the entire United States --
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en todos os Estados Unidos,
02:32
see if you can catch this difference --
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a ver se podedes vela diferenza,
02:34
we added 2,000 under the age of 30.
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engadimos 2000 menores de 30 anos.
02:37
I'm one of those.
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Eu son un deles.
02:39
I'll be around to autograph some photos later, if you'd like.
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Se queren, quédome despois para firmar fotos.
02:42
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
02:44
But, you know, our farmers are getting older
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Pero, os nosos labregos fanse maiores
02:46
and we're not replacing them --
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e non os estamos a substituír.
02:48
what's going on here?
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Que está a pasar?
02:49
What are we going to do?
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Que imos facer?
02:51
And I think there's a reason folks aren't coming into it,
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Penso que hai unha razón pola que a xente non se anima,
02:53
and that's prices.
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os prezos.
02:54
We're going to go through a couple of slides like this.
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Imos analizar unhas diapositivas como esta.
02:57
Milk: This is the average retail price of a gallon of milk in the United States.
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O leite: o prezo medio recomendado de 3.8 l de leite nos EE. UU.:
03:01
Four dollars forty-nine cents.
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4,49 dólares.
03:02
How much do you think the farmer gets?
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Canto credes que se leva o labrego?
03:04
Dollar thirty-two.
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1,32 dólares.
03:06
We'll try again with bread.
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Imos probar agora co pan.
03:08
Average retail price of bread in America, three forty-nine.
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O prezo medio de venda do pan nos EE. UU.: 3,49 dólares.
03:10
Farmer gets ...
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O labrego lévase...
03:12
Twelve cents.
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12 céntimos.
03:13
Audience: Oh!
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Público: ¡Oh!
03:14
And so how are we supposed to have strong local farms
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Entón, suponse que temos granxas locais fortes
03:19
in this scenario?
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nesta situación?
03:20
What are we supposed to do if there aren't any local farmers left?
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Que se supón que temos que facer se non quedan labregos?
03:25
And this isn't just a farmer problem,
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E isto non só é un problema de labregos,
03:27
it's not just something for the few of us farmers to sort out.
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non é algo para que os poucos labregos que somos o resolvamos.
03:30
This is an all-of-us problem.
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Este é un problema de todos.
03:32
This is rural and it's urban and it's statewide and it's nationwide.
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É rural e urbán, e é a nivel estatal e nacional.
03:35
So what do we do about it?
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Entón, que facemos?
03:38
I'll tell you that.
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Vóuvolo dicir.
03:39
But first, a story.
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Primeiro, unha historia.
03:41
The green movement, we're all kind of familiar,
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O movemento verde, todos sabemos máis ou menos,
03:44
started in the '60s, planting trees.
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empezou nos anos 60, plantando árbores.
03:47
And now we've come such a long way.
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Dende aquela andamos moito.
03:49
Green is part of our day-to-day lives.
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O verde é parte das nosas vidas cotiás.
03:51
It's part of the day-to-day lives of Fortune 500 businesses.
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É parte das vidas cotiás das empresas da Fortune 500.
03:54
It's the subject of international treaties,
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É o asunto dos tratados internacionais,
03:56
the subject of presidential debates.
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o asunto dos debates presidenciais.
03:59
You and I, we switch our light bulbs,
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Vós e eu, cambiamos as lámpadas,
04:01
we use reusable bags.
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usamos bolsas reutilizables.
04:03
We participate in the green movement each and every day.
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Participamos no movemento verde cada día.
04:06
Yet ...
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Aínda así...
04:07
and this is how we get to the idea --
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e así é cómo chegamos á idea,
04:10
the food movement,
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o movemento da comida,
04:11
relatively younger, but also somewhat familiar, I imagine.
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relativamente máis novo, pero tamén familiar, supoño.
04:15
You go to the grocery store,
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Vas ó supermercado,
04:16
you see a sign that says "Buy local,"
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ves un cartel que di "Compra local",
04:18
you go to the farmers market, you go to the co-op,
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vas ó mercado, vas á cooperativa,
04:20
you read books by prominent authors.
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les libros de autores destacados.
04:23
The food movement to date
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O movemento da comida ata a data
04:25
could be summarized as voting with your fork.
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podería resumirse en votar co garfo.
04:28
The idea is: you pull a dollar out of your wallet --
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A idea é: quitas un dólar da carteira:
04:30
how you spend that dollar affects the food system.
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cómo gastas ese dólar afecta ó sistema da comida.
04:32
It supports farmers close to home.
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Apoia ós labregos preto da casa.
04:35
And that's all well and good, but where are we going?
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E todo iso está moi ben, pero cara onde imos?
04:38
How do we get to our renewable-energy moment
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Como chegar ó momento da enerxía renovable
04:40
like the green movement did?
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como o fixeron os verdes?
04:41
And this, I think, is what we need to do.
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E isto, penso, é o que precisamos facer.
04:44
Just voting with our fork is not solving the issues
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Votar co garfo non resolve os problemas
04:47
that our farmers are facing.
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que teñen os nosos labregos.
04:48
And so we need to do more than that.
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Así que precisamos facer máis.
04:50
I believe we must move on from just voting with our fork
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Penso que debemos pasar de votar co garfo
04:53
to voting with our vote.
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a votar co noso voto.
04:55
We need to take our dollars
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Precisamos coller os nosos dólares
04:58
and continue to spend them locally.
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e seguir a gastalos localmente.
05:00
We also need to show up at the ballot box for our farmers.
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Tamén temos que presentarnos nas urnas polos labregos.
05:03
This is bigger than just buying local strawberries
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Isto é máis importante que mercar amorodos locais
05:05
once a year at a pick-your-own.
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unha vez ó ano nun posto.
05:07
This is a year-round effort that we must make together
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Este é un esforzo de todo o ano que temos facer xuntos
05:09
to make the change we need.
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para facer o cambio precisado.
05:11
Changes like fair pricing for farmers.
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Cambios como un prezo xusto para os labregos.
05:14
That's quotas, supply management,
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Cotas, xerencia da oferta,
05:16
guaranteed prices.
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prezos garantidos.
05:18
Changes like fair and open trade.
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Cambios como o comercio xusto e libre.
05:21
That means ending trade wars.
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Rematar coas guerras de comercio.
05:23
And yeah, of course it means voting.
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E claro que significa votar.
05:26
Now we all knew that one already, though.
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Aínda que xa o sabiamos.
05:28
For example, it's working.
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Por exemplo, funciona.
05:29
Hey, who's that?
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Eh, quen é ese?
05:31
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
05:32
Just this year in Minnesota,
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Neste ano en Minesota,
05:35
we've passed a historic, first-in-the-country tax credit.
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aprobouse un crédito fiscal histórico, o primeiro no país.
05:37
The Beginning Farmer Tax Credit.
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O Crédito fiscal do labrego principiante.
05:40
It incentivizes our transition of land
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Incentiva a transición da terra
05:42
from the existing generation to the next generation.
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da xeración actual á seguinte xeración.
05:46
That was done by a handful of us young farmers --
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Iso fixémolo unha presa de labregos novos.
05:48
we certainly don't have money, you saw that earlier.
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Claro que non temos cartos, xa o viron.
05:51
We don't have political experience.
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Non temos experiencia política.
05:53
But we showed up, and we made our voices heard.
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Pero presentámonos e fixémonos escoitar.
05:55
And thanks to the support of farmers and non-farmers alike,
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E grazas ó apoio dos labregos e dos non labregos,
05:58
we got something incredible done here in this state.
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conseguimos facer algo incríble neste estado.
06:02
If we can do it, anybody can do it.
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Se nós o podemos facer, calquera pode.
06:04
Now, that was all light and fuzzy and feels pretty happy.
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Todo iso foi leve e difuso e séntese ledicia.
06:07
Skeptics in the audience, you're here.
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Os escépticos no público, estades aquí.
06:10
That would be me, if I were here.
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Ese sería eu, se estivese aquí.
06:11
Skeptics are thinking,
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Os escépticos pensan,
06:13
"Wow, what do we need to change about our food system?"
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"Que temos que cambiar do noso sistema de alimentación?"
06:16
Farmers are great.
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Os labregos son xeniais.
06:18
We have unlimited food, and it's real cheap, too,
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Temos comida ilimitada e tamén é moi barata.
06:20
isn't that great?
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Non é xenial?
06:22
Well, unfortunately,
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Desafortunadamente,
06:23
in the '80s and the '90s in this country, we went down a path of policy
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nos anos 80 e 90 neste país seguimos un camiño de política
06:28
that could be described as "get big or get out."
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que se podería describir como "crece ou sae".
06:31
And what "get big or get out" means is you maximize production
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O que "crece ou sae" significa é que maximizas a produción
06:35
while minimizing costs.
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mentras que minimizas custos.
06:37
On its face value, that sounds pretty simple.
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No senso literal, soa bastante simple.
06:40
However, that shift turned our farmers from a venerated class
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Con todo, ese cambio truncou os labregos dunha clase venerada
06:46
and a valued class in our society
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e apreciada na nosa sociedade
06:48
into a cost to be minimized.
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nun custo a minimizar.
06:51
That shift made it so that my great-grandfather,
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Ese cambio fixo que o meu bisavó,
06:54
who supported the family with six cows,
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quen mantivo a familia con seis vacas,
06:57
that same dairy,
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esa mesma granxa,
06:59
trying to support their family, has to be 600 cows today.
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que intenta manter a súa familia, hoxe debe ter 600 vacas.
07:02
Six-thousand-cow dairies are not unheard of.
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Granxas con 6000 vacas non son atípicas.
07:07
What happens when there's this one dairy farm
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Que pasa cando só haxa unha granxa
07:09
in an entire county,
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nun condado enteiro,
07:10
where there used to be hundreds?
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onde antes había centos?
07:12
The same could be said with corn or beans or field crops.
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O mesmo se pode dicir dos cultivos de millo, fabas e outros.
07:17
What happens when it takes 10,000 acres for one person to support themselves?
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Que pasa cando se precisen 10000 hectáreas para manter a unha persoa?
07:21
When it used to only take 40.
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Cando só se precisaban 40.
07:25
We know what happens, we read about it in the news.
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Sabemos o que pasa, o lemos nas noticias.
07:28
Broadly determined, rural decline,
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Declive rural determinante,
07:30
but schools close, schools consolidate,
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pero as escolas pechan, únense a unha máis grande,
07:32
post offices close, grocery stores close.
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as oficinas de correo pechan, os supermercados pechan.
07:35
People leave,
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A xente vaise,
07:36
the community suffers and goes away.
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a comunidade sofre e desaparece.
07:40
I believe all of us in this audience with ties to rural Minnesota
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Todos os presentes que temos lazos coa Minesota rural
07:43
know this story well.
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coñecemos ben a historia.
07:46
This is not a problem that we can solve with farmers markets and good intentions.
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Non é un problema que poidamos solucionar cos mercados e as boas intencións.
07:51
We have to do more for our farmers.
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Temos que facer máis polos nosos labregos.
07:53
Policy got us into this mess,
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A política meteunos nesta lea
07:55
and policy can get us out.
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e a política nos pode quitar dela.
07:59
American farmers are only getting older, fewer and poorer,
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Os labregos estadounidenses fanse vellos, menos e máis pobres,
08:04
yet they are crucial to our state.
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pero son cruciais para o noso Estado.
08:06
They're the vibrancy in our rural communities.
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Son a vitalidade nas nosas comunidades rurais.
08:09
They're the drivers of economic growth and stability,
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Son os motores do crecemento económico e da estabilidade,
08:12
and they are our best protectors of our shared resources
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e os que mellor protexen os recursos comúns
08:16
of land, water and air.
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da terra, o auga e o aire.
08:18
So we have to do better for them.
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Así que temos que axudalos máis.
08:20
So join me, would you?
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Unídesvos a min?
08:22
Let's fight for our farmers.
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Loitemos polos nosos labregos.
08:23
You can see it,
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Védelo,
08:24
we're already doing it in Minnesota, having great success.
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xa o facemos en Minesota con gran éxito.
08:28
And together, we can do even more.
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E xuntos aínda podemos facer máis.
08:30
And we must.
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E debemos.
08:31
So we were voting with our fork before,
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Antes votábamos co garfo,
08:35
and we want to keep doing that.
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e queremos seguir facéndoo.
08:36
But if I could have one idea for you to go home with today,
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Pero se quero que vos vaiades á casa cunha idea,
08:39
it's vote with your vote.
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é que votedes co voso voto.
08:41
And so to that end,
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E para iso,
08:43
on the count of three, I'd like all of us to say it together.
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contamos ata tres, e decimos todos xuntos.
08:46
Are you ready?
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Estades listos?
08:48
OK, one,
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Ben, un,
08:50
two,
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dous,
08:51
three.
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tres.
08:53
Audience: Vote with your vote.
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Público: Vota co teu voto.
08:55
Very nice, thank you.
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Moi ben. Grazas.
08:56
I think you got it.
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Penso que o entendestes.
08:57
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
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